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© 2013 BSC, Inc
Hog Barns Don‟t Come With
Owners Manuals!
Dr Mike Brumm
Brumm Swine Consultancy, Inc
North Mankato, MN 56003
507-995-4709
© 2013 BSC, Inc
What really happens?
• Saturday – last of the electricians departs
site
• Sunday – power wash building ALL DAY
• Monday – pigs arrive
• Tuesday – PANIC!
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Current Owner‟s Manuals
• In a box (if you‟re lucky)
in the corner of the
workroom
• Not coordinated between
brands
• Don‟t detail how to run a
facility – only individual
pieces of equipment
© 2013 BSC, Inc
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Dead pig removal
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Dead Game Slide
Cabelas
© 2013 BSC, Inc
What should an owners manual
contain?
• Controller settings/expectations
• Inlet Adjustment
• Feeder Adjustment Details
• Water Mistakes to Avoid
• Sick Pens
• Tandem Bin Slide Management
• Maintenance schedules
– Emergency Alert
– Ventilation system
– Facility issues
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Operators Manual
Ventilation System Details
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Electronic Controllers – “Geek”
© 2013 BSC, Inc
0
58
116
174
232
290
348
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
22 44 66 88 110 132 154 176 198 220
Watt
Btu
/hr
Pig Wt, lb
Sensible Plus Latent Heat Production by Growing Pigs
Prior to 1988 1988-2002 Brumm estimate of 2012
At 250 lb, estimated sensible heat in
thermal-neutral is over 800 Btu/hr
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Recommended set point temps
Body weight F Degree
15 lb. 84
45 lb. 72
75 lb. 70
100 lb. 64
135 lb. 63
Over 200 lb. 63
Source (in SI/metric units): Zhang, 1994. Swine Building Ventilation: A Guide for Confinement Housing in Cold Climates. Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Recommended Minimum
Ventilation Rates, MWPS
Pig Wt, lb CFM/pig
12-30 2
30-75 3
75-150 7
150+ 10
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Approximate Fan Capacities
12” 1,200 CFM
16” 2,500 CFM
18” 3,000 CFM
24” 6,000 CFM
36” 12,000 CFM
48” 20,000 CFM
52” 22,000 CFM
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Modeling Ventilation Realities1250 hd room – Curtain Sided
Stg 1 2 F BW 2 - 24” variable speed pit fans
Stg 2 1.5F BW + 1 F differential 2 – 24” variable speed pit fans
Stg 3 1 F differential 1 – 36” single speed end wall fan
Stg 4 1F differential 1 – 36” single speed end wall fan
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Fan Basics
5800 cfm/fan x 2 fans = 11,600 cfm
11,600 cfm x 50% = 5800 cfm
5800 cfm / 1250 pigs = 4.6 cfm/pig
50% minimum speed may not = 50% cfm
50% cfm is about 65% rpm
© 2013 BSC, Inc
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Goal: ~7-800 fpm
© 2013 BSC, Inc
The „Forehead‟ Rule
Inlet
12-15 ft
Correct Inlet Setting with 7.5-8 ft Ceiling
© 2013 BSC, Inc
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Secure Pit Covers – inlet for fans
2 – 24” fans @ 50%
7.5 ft2 inlet2” x 4 ft x 4 lids = 2.7 ft2
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Curtain Leakage
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Furnaces and Pilot Lights
• 1200 BTU/hr – HogSlat
– 1200/92000 x 24 hr = .31 gal/d
• 0.41 gal/d AP poultry brooders
• 0.35 gal/d x 30.4 d/mo = 10.6 gal/mo
@ $1.20/gal = $12.72/mo
@ $1.50/gal = $15.90/mo
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Furnace Sizing Rules
• A furnace is big enough if it shuts off on the coldest day of the year!
• The longer the furnace runs per burn cycle, the more uniform the heat distribution with the air space!
• If more than 1 furnace, should you unplug one furnace so remaining furnaces run longer?
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Furnaces should NEVER make
a variable speed fan ramp up
• The daily high temperature logged in the
controller should be 0.3-0.5F below the
temperature at which the fan increases
speed.
• Log set point (or ramp speed point) and
daily high and adjust furnace OFF temp
accordingly.
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Variable
Output Furnaces
LB White Guardian
PSI
New HiredHand
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Operators Manual
Emergency System Details
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Heat production vs Heat loss
• Production
– 1220 hd @ 800 btu/hr
sensible heat
= 976,000 btu/hr
• Loss
– 50x196 curtain barn
– 2,418 btu/hr/F
– 65F inside
temperature
@0F = 157,170 btu/hr
@20F = 108,810 btu/hr
@40F = 60,450 btu/hr
© 2013 BSC, Inc
If the Ventilation System Fails
• 30 minutes to begin heat removal for big
pigs – death occurs within 1 hour!
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Emergency Alarm Systems
Minimum Alarms!1. Power to the controller/room – NOT power to
the site2. Room High Temperature
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Emergency Thermostats
Recommendation - Heater -5
- Fans +5 device ON temperature
Grow-Finish and Gestation
2 fan stages minimum
Rooms with small pigs
Furnace stage
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Verify Emergency Equipment
Routine Test and Written History of Test
Monthly4X/yr?
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Operators Manual
Routine Maintenance Details
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Dirty Fans and Shutters
• 1/8 inch of dirt/dust can cause up to a 40%
reduction in fan and shutter air flow.
© 2013 BSC, Inc
1 wean-finish turn
Stage 1 pit fan
© 2013 BSC, Inc
© 2013 BSC, Inc
© 2013 BSC, Inc
© 2013 BSC, Inc
What’s the performance of this fan?
Note shutter partially closed
No wind, 0.06 static pressure
© 2013 BSC, Inc
© 2013 BSC, Inc
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Effect of Drive Belt Tension
48-inch Fan
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
0 20 40 60
Static Pressure (pa)
Air
flo
w (
cfm
)
BESS lab
Airflow before belt adj.
Airflow after belt adj.
Linear (Airflow before
belt adj.)
Linear (Airflow after belt
adj.).08 .16 .24 w.g
© 2013 BSC, IncJune 08
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Sept 08
© 2013 BSC, Inc
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Sick Pen Details
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Euthanasia Decisions for Small
Pigs• Blunt Trama – how does this appear to the
public?
• CO2 Chambers
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Euthanasia Decisions
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Euthanasia Decisions
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Euthanasia Decisions
• Blunt Trama – how does this appear to the
public?
• CO2 Chambers
• Captive Bolt
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Captive Bolt
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Sick Pens• Space Utilization
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Is your sick pen a dust collector
pen or best pen in the barn?
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Or – does your sick pen have an
improved environment?
© 2013 BSC, Inc
© 2013 BSC, Inc
‘Good enough’ … never is!
Author unknown
© 2013 BSC, Inc
Hog Barns Don‟t Come With
Owners Manuals!
Dr Mike Brumm
Brumm Swine Consultancy, Inc
North Mankato, MN 56003
507-995-4709
Blog: www.MnPork.com
