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International Journal of

Water Resources

EngineeringJAN - JUNE 2016 IJWRE

e-ISSN: 2456-1606

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Water Resources Engineering

International Journal of Water Resources Engineering is a peer-reviewed journal that emphasize on

hydropower engineering, hydrodynamics, water conservation, river restoration and other major water

resource engineering disciplines. Journal publishes both original research articles and high impact

comprehensive review articles of the field.

Focus and Scope of the Journal! Hydrology and hydraulic engineering

! Hydropower engineering

! Hydrodynamics and hydrometeorology

! Water conservation

! River restoration

! Storm water management and flood protection

! Groundwater protection and utilization

! Rural water management

! Geographical information systems

! Water quality and conservation

International Journals of Water Resources Engineering is published twice a year (bi-annual) by JournalsPub

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PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager

ChairmanMr. Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director,JournalsPub,

New Delhi

Hidam Renubala

Ankita Singh

Akanksha Marwah

Deepika Bhadauria

Commissioning Editors

Priyanka Garg

Chhavi Goel

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Prof. A. F. M. Saiful AminDepartment of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering And Technology,

Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dr. Rahisuddin AhmedDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural

Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

Dr. Sohail AyubDepartment Of Civil Engineering,

Z. H. College, Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh), India

Dr. Mujahid Faiyaz HussainShram Sadhna Trust's College of Engineering

and Technology, Bambhori, Jalgaon, India

Dr. Dalchand JhariyaDepartment of Applied Geology National

Institute of Technology, Raipur (Chhattisgarh), India

Dr. Siby JohnDepartment of Civil Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh,

India

Dr. Tarun Kumar LohaniDepartment of Civil Engineering, Orissa Engineering College, Bhubaneswar, India

Dr. M. V. MolykuttyDepartment of Civil Engineering, B. S. Abdur

Rahman University, Chennai, India

Dr. Sohail Ayub Civil Engineering Department, Z. H. College,

Faculty of Engg. & Technology, India

Sonal Jain Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology,

Banasthali University, India

Dr Akshey BhargavaProfessor, Global Institute Of Engineering and

Technology, A.P, India,

Prerna Sharma Assistant Professor, Department of Basic and Applied Science, School of Engineering, G D

Goenka University, India

Amandip SinghAssistant Professor, Dept. of Research and

Planning, Xavier Institute of Social Service, Ranchi, India

Manjeet Singh Research Engineer, Maharana Pratap

University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Gobinath Ravindran Department of Civil Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Tirupur (Tamil Nadu),

India

Amarsinh Babanrao Landage Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering

Department,Govt. College of Engineering, Karad Tal. Karad, Dist. Satara, Mahrashtra,

India

From the Editor's Desk

Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

journal, International Journal of Water Resources Engineering. This journal is part of the

Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Water Resources Engineering

from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging

technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Water Resources

Engineering as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of

scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Engineering Science

community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area.

The core vision of International Journal of Water Resources Engineering in Journals Pub is to propagate

novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional

research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Concrete Technology in general. Journals

Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time &

successfully.

International Journal of Water Resources Engineering focuses on original high-quality research in the

realm of Hydrology and hydraulic engineering, Hydropower engineering, Hydrodynamics and

hydrometeorology, Water conservation, River restoration, Storm water management and flood protection,

Groundwater protection and utilization, Rural water management, etc.

The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Water

Resources Engineering and solutions in the area.

Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Water Resources

Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of

creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting

new developments in the field of Water Resources Engineering.

This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we

would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the

editorial staff of Journals Pub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for engineering readers and will

stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Water Resources Engineering.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Short Communication: Water resources Management Ankita Singh 1

2. Water Pollution—General Aspects with Special Reference to Effluent Reclamation and ReuseAkshey Bhargava 3

3. Review article: Worthwhile Safeguard of Soil in India – A Need for Future JuvenilesAnkita Singh 12

4. Experimental Study and Determination of Water Quality Index of Daya RiverTarun Kumar Lohani and Kamal Kishore Agrawal 16

5. Installation of a Small Scale Rain Water Harvesting SystemTarun Kumar Lohani, Sharmisthabala Prusty, Sankalp Raj, Sanjay Kumar Mansingh 25

Contents

IJWR (2016) 1–2 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Water Resources Engineering ISSN: 2456-1606 (online)

Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Short Communication: Water Resources Management

Ankita Singh Department of biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India

Water a boon to life. In India water

resources need to be measured for our

future generation. Since ago water is an

issue for its management. Various efforts

can be made by government to improve

the resources of water and conserve it for

future. Three Rs – reduce, reuse and

recycle, these Rs are very important to be

incorporated by us to help the government,

to help ourselves and to help the coming

generation.

Water management can be improve by

(1) Sustainable water management

practices

(2) Rain water harvesting

(3) Conserve water bodies like rivers,

oceans, etc.

(4) E-waste management recycling

(5) Sewage management

(6) Batteries recycling

(7) Waste water treatment and recycling

The above mentioned management system

are old and almost tried by all. By this

short communication I would like

highlight one different in-house method by

which water can be managed is Indoor

Biosphere Farm. This method was came in

2010 but not used by all in India; other

countries working/implemented on this.

Indoor biosphere farm explores growing at

least part of your daily food inside your

house. This indoor biosphere home farm

contains fish, algae, plants and other mini-

ecosystems, all interdependent at each

other and in balance with each other.

Making families all over the world at least

partly self-sufficient in this way has

obvious appeal

(http://www.newscenter.philips.com/main/

design/about/design/designnews/pressrelea

ses/shanghai_world_expo.wpd#.VyHOrN

R97IU).

This method requires light, soil, humidity,

and temperature. This is different from the

greenhouse conditions because natural

sunlight is excluded. This method requires

LED bulbs as well. Moreover, the indoor

farming does not need pesticides, and

requires about 90% less water than

outdoor agriculture.

Courtesy: Wikipedia

Unlike other nurseries and normal life

system, this system incorporates a methane

digester than produces heat and gas to

power lights, algae produces hydrogen and

the root plants produces oxygen, which is

IJWRE (2016) 3–11 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 3


Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Water Pollution—General Aspects With Special Reference to

Effluent Reclamation and Reuse

Akshey Bhargava*

Department of Civil Engineering, Global Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India

Abstract

Water is an essential commodity which has assumed greatest importance world over with the

increase in domestic, industrial and agriculture demand. Some of the states in India are

highly water scarce but most of them facing the significant problems of water pollution

resulting into alarming propositions on both the fronts, namely, qualitative and quantitative.

The state of Rajasthan is highly water scarce and facing severe water pollution problems on

account of Textile mills at Pali, Sanganer, Balotra, and Bhilwara whereas Kota, Alwar, and

Udaipur are predominantly water polluting on account of fertilizers and chemical industries.

An effort has been made in the present paper to high light the importance and techniques of

Effluent Reclamation and Reuse in the State of Rajasthan along with general aspects for

better understanding of the problem of water pollution.

Keywords: effluent reclamation, effluent reuse, water pollution

BACKGROUND The problem of water pollution is growing

on a time scale with an increase of

industrial growth, urbanization and

agriculture practices using pesticides and

chemical fertilizers.

Such a problem assumes alarming

dimensions where the availability of water

is in scarcity particularly in the state of

Rajasthan where majority of ground water

blocks are either over exploited or fall

under black or red zones.

There are many techniques or methods to

treat the waste water but due high capital

and recurring cost, an apprehension always

exists about the successful running of the

waste treatment plants and so also the safe

disposals of effluents.

An effort has therefore ben made in the

present paper to highlight the significance

and appropriate techniques for effluent

reclamation and reuse along with brief

description in respect of the conceptual,

general and informative parameters of

water pollution.

GENERAL ASPECTS OF WATER

POLLUTION General aspects of water pollution have

been briefly described in respect of the

following attributes on an informative

front:

Introduction of water

What is water pollution?

Sources of water pollution

Impurities in water

Water quality parameters

Classification of water pollutants

Safe drinking water characteristics

Sources and impacts of water

impurities

Control of water pollution

IJGGE (2016) 12–15 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 12


Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Review Article: Worthwhile Safeguard of Soil in India – A Need

for Future Juveniles

Ankita Singh*

Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida

Abstract

Soil is a mixture formed by a porous matrix, which consists of air, water and biota and its

severe degradation is a major concern that depends on several factors. Soil problems are due

to diversity, water problems, distribution and specific vulnerability of soils. They also depend

on geography, relief and climate. In India soil conditions are degraded and are even further

worsen by human behavior. Soil is a major part for all the living beings to sustain their life

on earth. India is a democratic country with various religions which are scattered in all over

the country with different type of soils. Every soil has its own quality to ensure various life’s

on earth. In the today’s life, we have already realized the fact of solving soil problems will

help to solve other problems at the global and national levels. As soil has various users,

consideration of soil has to be integrated at different levels. There is a need for soil

assessment approaches and soil protection policies from local to national and global, sectors

and other environmental issues and landscapes, urban, rural, mountain and coastal areas.

For the set-up of environmental and sectoral policies at the national and global level actions

to be taken at all administrative levels, from land planning at the local and sub-national

levels to ensure that our juvenile will be having healthy life ahead.

Keywords: green infrastructure, soil, soil degradation, sustainable soil

INTRODUCTION

Soil and Its Types in India

Six different types of soils found in

India:[1]

1. Alluvial Soils: It is a most fertile soil

in India which is formed by

accumulated particles transferred by

the rivers and oceans. Alluvial soil

lacks humus and nitrogen, it is a fine-

grained fertile soil deposited in river

beds or by water flowing over flood

plains.

2. Laterite Soils: It is a kind of clayey

rock or soil formed under high

temperature and high rainfall.

Furthermore it converted into red

colored soil with iron nodules. This

soil is mostly infertile only plants like

tea, coffee, coconut, areca nut, etc. are

grown in this soil.

These soils are found in South

Maharashtra, the Western Ghats in Kerala

and Karnataka, at places on the Eastern

Ghats, in some parts of Assam, Karnataka,

Tamil Nadu and in West Bengal

(particularly in Birbhum district).

Red Soils: This soil is red in color due to

red oxides of iron; develop on granite and

geneses rocks under low rainfall condition.

These soils are medium fertile and found

mainly in almost whole of Tamil Nadu,

South-eastern Karnataka, North-eastern

and South-eastern Madhya Pradesh,

Jharkhand the major parts of Orissa,



Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Experimental Study and Determination of Water Quality Index

of Daya River

Tarun Kumar Lohani*, Kamal Kishore Agrawal

Department of Civil Engineering, Orissa Engineering College, Bhubaneswar, India

Abstract

The present study on spatio-temporal variation and water quality evaluation in river Daya

was carried out along its course in nearby Bhubaneswar city of Odisha along the east coast

of India, to evaluate the pollution status and variation in physico-chemical parameters of

water at eleven different sites. Taking note on the degradation of water quality in Daya river,

research was under taken to study the Water Quality index as per National Sanitation

Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF WQI). Nine parameters were studied and weight to

each factor according to its importance in water quality was considered. Daya the lifeline of

southern Bhubaneswar limits its quality as per water quality index and is assessed that the

river water is not at all suitable for drinking purpose without conventional treatment and can

be accepted as drinking source with strict conventional treatment followed by disinfection, if

and only if no other alternative source is present. Water of this river is suitable for class D

and class E uses as far as fish culture, wildlife propagation, irrigation, industrial cooling,

etc. without treatment.

Keywords: Daya River, Odisha, water class, water quality index

INTRODUCTION

Water quality monitoring is an integral

part of the water resource management

plans. Monitoring comprises all activities

to obtain information with respect to the

water system. Its scope is also related to

the types of water use that is in stream use

or abstractive use and nature of the source

such as surface water (rivers, lake), ground

water or seawater. The requirement for

utilizing available water resources (surface

and ground) in a judicious and equitable,

as well as sound economic manner are

outlined in the state water policy. The

main sources of water in the state of

Odisha are from the Bay of Bengal, from

lakes and numerous major and minor

rivers. With increasing population and the

consequential increase in demand for food

and water and with the growth in mining

and industrial activity, the demand for

water from various sectors in next 20 years

will have significant impact on per capita

availability of water. The degradation in

quality of water resources by direct and

indirect human interference such as

discharge of untreated/partially treated

industrial and municipal waste water will

limit the resource. India is heading towards

a freshwater crisis mainly due to improper

management of water resources and

environmental degradation[1–14]

whereas

the water quality evaluation may be

complicated practice in compound

parameters causing numerous anxieties in

general quality of water.[6,15–18]

It is

therefore, imperative to manage this

resource as rationally and efficiently as

possible to make it sustainable.

Interpretation of complex water quality



Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Installation of a Small Scale Rain Water Harvesting System

Tarun Kumar Lohani

*, Sharmisthabala Prusty, Sankalp Raj, Sanjay Kumar Mansingh Orissa Engineering College, Bhubaneswar, India

Abstract

Roof top rain water harvesting is receiving an increased attention worldwide as an

alternative source of water. The present study has been undertaken to assess the potential of

roof top rain water harvesting technique from a part of the large auditorium constructed in

Orissa Engineering College Campus who’s a small part has been used. Water collected on

the roof has been diverted through the drainage path channelized through chlorinated poly

vinyl chloride (CPVC) pipes fitted and dropped straight down to the inspection pits which

ultimately travels by the action of gravity to an abandoned construction pit around 50 feet

away. Proper care has been taken to keep the stored water clean, free from any dust or

siltation so that the collected water can be again reused in construction, gardening and

vehicle cleaning purposes.

Keywords: concrete tank, CPVC pipes, inspection chambers, rooftop rainwater harvesting

systems

INTRODUCTION

Rainfall is the prime source of water and if

rain water is harvested, the scarcity of

water can be eliminated altogether. In

many places the quality of groundwater is

not good. Some areas having quite even

rainfall. This is because rainfall is

recorded in places for short spells of high

intensity. Due to this intensity and short

duration of heavy rain, most of the rain

falling on surface tends to flow away as

surface runoff rapidly and leaving very

little to recharge the ground. Therefore, it

is necessary for users to collect and store

rainwater. Rainwater harvesting through

rooftops is an optimistic method of water

conservation and Indian government has

mounted this as a part of watershed

management programme. Surface water is

inadequate to meet our requirements hence

we have to make use of ground water. Due

to overuse of ground water, underground

water level has been declining in such

areas RWH is an ideal solution in near

future. Therefore, attempt has been made

here to examine the present status of water

requirement and proposed rooftop RWH

potential at micro level [1]

India has been

notorious of being poor in its management

of water resources. Majority of the

population in the cities today are

groundwater dependent. Sustainable use of

water could maintain a balance between its

demand and supply. Rainwater harvesting

(RWH) is the most traditional and

sustainable method, which could be easily

used for potable and nonpotable purposes

both in residential and commercial.[2]

In

spite of the municipal water supply, it is

not surprising to find people using private

tube wells to supplement their daily water

needs. Unplanned drafting of groundwater

has resulted: hydrological imbalance,

deterioration in water quality and rise in

energy requirements for pumping. And

this is when rain water harvesting proves

Mechanical Engineering

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Architecture

Applied Mechanics

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Computer Science and Engineering

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

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Chemistry

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Article 2

016


Water Resources

EngineeringJAN - JUNE 2016 IJWRE

e-ISSN: 2456-1606

www.journalspub.com

Education

International journal of Water Resources Engineering vol 2 issue 1