BASIC TAMIL DICTIONARY
English-Tamil (this side) Tamil-English (other side)'*"
LOCKWOOD * sorrsisiiiL/ r K_
f f
^ Abbreviations Used acc. = accusative (case) n. = noun, nominal adj. = adjective obj. = objective (dat. case)
adv; = adverb opp. = opposite agrie. = agriculture p. = participle
art. = article (gram, term) p.p. = past participle astron. = astronomy pi. = plural
bio. =ibiology pol. = polite: (or politics) bot. = botany poss. = possessive (case)
conj. = conjunction (gram.) pred. = predicate dat. = dative (case) pron. = pronoun esp. = especrally reflex. = reflexive excl. = exclusive respect. = respectful
f. = feminine (gender) V. respect. = very respectful fam. = familiar (address) sing. = singular gen. = general s.o. = someone hon. = honorific (address) Spk.Tam.= spoken Tamil incl. = inclusive sth.= something
mstru. = instrumental (case) suf.= suffix inter]. = inteijection temp.= temperature' interr. = interrogative v. = verb
irr. = irregular v.i. = verb instransitive irrat.= irrational v.t. = verb transitive
m. = masculine (gender) voc. = vocative (case)
BASIC TAMIL DICTIONARY
English-Tamil (this side) Tamil-English (other side)
LOCKWOOD * su/TcSSi/il
Tambaram Research Associates MCC, Tambaram, Madras 600 059
Copyright © 1994: M. Lockwood
Price: Rs. 100.
Typeset by T.R.A. on a Macintosh® PB145 Printed at Sudarsan Graphics, Madras 500 017
INTRODUCTION
This dictionary of 'basic Tamil' has been compiled primarily for English speaking persons who are learning Tamil - though it is hoped that others may find it useful, too. The Tamil vocabulary here is approximately two thousand words. The selection of this vocabulary has been influenced by the Voice of America's 'Special English' one-thousand-word list.
The Tamil vocabulary is given both in the Tamil script and in transliteration. The method of transHteration used is a modification of the system used in the Tamil Lexicon (University of Madras).
The following table gives the letters which are 'initial' vowels (i.e., vowels which begin a word):
Hi
. The Initial Vowels ^ =a (the short a, as in 'among') ^ - a (the long a, as in 'alms')
= i (the short i, as in 'in') fF -1 (the long I, as in 'machine') a- -u (the short K, as in 'pat') s§s = u (the long ii, as in 'rwby' or 'Zulu') 67 = e (the short e, as in 'etiquette') 67 = e (the long e, as in 'etude') g = ai (a diphthong, as ai in 'aisle') 9 = 0 (theshort, clipped o, as in 'opaque ' ) g = 0 (the long d, as in 'owe')
s^srr - an (a diphthong, as ou in 'owch')
iv
The consonant letters a, #, L_, ^ , u , and p are pronounced differently in different positions in a word. At the beginning of words, the first five of these letters are pronounced roughly as k in '/dn'; as s in '^in'; as t in 'rin'; as th in 'fMn' (but as a pure plosive, with no air escaping past the tongue at the start of the word); and as p in 'pin' . The consonant p (r) never begins a word.
When doubled within words, the first five of these letters, with the exception of 93= (echo), are pronounced similarly. The exception, (echo) -as in ^s^ffSLD {acchagam), is pronounced approximately as the ch m 'cAum'. As transliterated in this dictionary, (rra) as in wpip (marra) is pronounced approximately as tra in the word 'tradition' (the r sound is rolled).
V
Intervocalically, that is, with vowels in front and back of any one of these consonant letters (e.g., «in ^xLD [agam]): - ffi - is pronounced as a fricative g; -3=-is pronounced as s in '.jin'; - iL- is pronounced as dm 'ma<iam'; - ^ - is pronounced as the voiced th in 'mother'; - u - is pronounced as b in 'labor'; and - p - is pronounced with a rolled r sound.
Each of the above six consonant letters has a related nasal:
« has isj (n) as in 'sing'; #has (n) as in 'oraon'; L-has («), a retroflexive n; ^ has |5 (n), a dental n, as in 'month'; u has LD (?7z), as in 'amber'; and p has ssr (n), an alveolar n.
vi
When directly preceded by a nasal, these six letters («, L_, ^ , u , and are voiced. E.g.:
- fBJsi - = - figa -- (s^a: - = - nja -- s s a r L - = - nda -
- - = - ntha -- LDU - = - mba -- ekp - = - nra - (the nr is pronounced like
the ndr in 'unrfress', with the r slightly rolled) With two exceptions, the rest of the letters
(which are semi-vowels) are relatively straightforward in their pronunciation:
lu (y) as in 'y&s' 0- (r), a rolled r GO (Z) as in 'Zevel' sij (v) as in 'very'
The two exceptions are: (£), a fricative, retroflexive I quite peculiar to
Tamil and some other Dravidian languages sfr (Z), a retroflexive I
vii
Finally, there are in general usage six letters borrowed from the Sanskrit Grantha alphabet (whose sounds are fixed and do not vary according to their position in the words):
^ = J as in 7ar' sijf = ^ (a retroflexive 5 )
ehi - 5 as in '>jin'
isk) - A as in 'Aug'
= (a conjunct of k and s)
usf = M (a conjunct of ^ and r plus the medial vowel i) ( i as in 'j/zame')
viii.
The complete Tamil alphabet, in proper order, together with the transliterated sounds associated with each letter, is given as follows:
s k,g dj y rsi n pr r
® i • s,chj d) / FF I (SJ n si/ V
a_ u iL t,d set U em n GT e ^ th (voiced & unvoiced) ^ e ^ n
S u p,b y> I 9 0 LD m or I
P r ^err au sir n Along with each verb, appearing in this dic
tionary in its imperative singular form, are given in parentheses its infinitive and converbial (or 'adverbial' participle):
QsrrSi kodu {Qairr(S)s;s;, QsrrQt^^) ix
Acknowledgments
I wish to thank ITuru M . Lakshmanan, of Serkkadu, Walajabad, who read through several rough drafts of this dictionary and made helpful comments. I also wish to thank Mr. S. Rama-krishnan for his assistance and Mrs. Usha Krishna for going through the original final draft and carefully checking the entries. Any anomalies are entirely my responsibility.
I have sometimes deliberately departed from strict alphabetical order for word-family grouping reasons.
Tambaram M. Lockwood
• Note: A section on Food is in the middle of the book.
X
A a, a n (art.), one (adj.) -
«p(75 oru
abandon ( v . t ) ; let go -S!SI«Q5)(5) kaividu
(-aS)l_, -fflflCSl)
able (be able) (aux. v.) -
(tpuf-lLlLD mudiyum
be u n a b l e (aux. v.) -
Qjus^iurr^ mudiydthu
able (adj.) -
^psnLDtunesr thiramaiydna
ability (n.) -
^pes)LD thiramai
a b o u n d (v.i.), be full -
njlsm/o nirai
about (prep.), concerning -
U/D/75) p a r r i
about (nearly) (adv.) -
SrLDlTrTn's sumdrdga
above -
G u ) s b mel, GLDGSO mele
accept (v.t.) —
^ ^ ^ i s Q s / r s r r otthukkol
{-Qsiraretr, -Qarrtisr®) accident; calamity (n.) -
eSlu^^ vibatthu
accident (chance happeniug) -
tharcheyal
accidental (adj.) -
tharcheyaldna
accidentally (adv.) -
tharcheyaldga
a c c o m p a n y (v.t.) -
si^l—LiGufT kuda-p-po
(- Gurrs, - Gumii) accomit(s) (n.); c o m p u t a t i o n -
dsswffi(g kanakku
a c c u r a t e (adj.) — s^ifliurresr sariydna
a c c u r a t e l y (adv.) —
s:fr\iuiT<s sariydga
accuse (v.t.) -
(ffjPpLDfFnC® kurramsam (-<3^ffL.L_, /7)
(make) a c h e (v.t.), hurt -QjsiS) vali
a c h e (v.i.), hurt -(3;5/T no
a c h e (n.), pain -EUSiS) vali, GrsfTexj novu
1
achievement (n.) -
flT^anssr sddhanai across (prep, or adv.) -
@ f f ! y «G « kurukke act (v.); dance -
rsts^ nodi (jsist-ss, !Bisf.0§i) act (v.); do - .
Qs^iLl sey (Qa^iuiu, Qsiugf) action (n.) -
Qs^iuso seyal actor (in drama) -
rElSf-'Spr nadigar actual ly (adv.) -
s_eiisrss)LDUJfTS unmaiydga add (v.t.); j o i n -
Qff^ sir (G*!7««, Qsfi^)
add (v.t.); gather up; col lect -
aii.iL.Qt kuttu (fflvi' I , «u l . i f )
add i t i on (n.) ( in arithmetic) -
«>.L.L_<M kuttal address (of residence) -
(Lpsevifl mugavari adjust (v.) -
ffi^uQi^^ saripadutthu
adjustment (n.) -
saripadutthuthal
a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , r u l e -^CSl Stchi
a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , m a n a g e m e n t -
rSlireimaih nirvdgam a d m i t (accept) (v.t.) -
s^^§]SiG\ai!Tea otthukkol {-Qsirareir, -Offl/rsw®)
a d m i t ( v . t ) , get a d m i t t e d -
^emiLnSl anumathi
a d m i t (v.t.) -
Qs^ff ser
be a d m i t t e d (v.i.) -
Ga:^ ser ((5#!r, CdFjj-jE^)
a d u l t (n.); e l d e r -
vayathu-vanthor
advance (money) ; d e p o s i t -
(LpesruemLD munpariam
g ive an advance -qpeitusmih QsinQ\ munpanam kodu • (- Q«/r@)««, - QanQi^gi)
advance (v.), progress -
(ipeijQGST^ munneru
{(LpauGewip, (LpanGeifr^)
adv ice (n.) —
L/^^(u)@) buddhi(mathi}
2
advise ( v .L j—
buddhi(mathi) sol (- Qmeoai, - QmoieS)
a f fa i r , m a t t e r -
SITlfliULD kariyam
affect ( v . t ) -
un^ pdthi
af fec t ion , k indness, l ove -
^eJfTLf anbu af fect ionate , k i n d , l o v i n g -
^ekiurresr anbana af fec t ionate ly , l o v i n g l y -
^esTUrrai anbdga be a f r a i d (v.) ; fear -
^l^a anju ( ^ ( g f f , ^ ( g f f l )
be a f r a i d (v.) -
uiu^^Qg payanthiru ( - g ) ( i 5 « « , - © O S S ' )
a f r a i d (adj.), fear ful -
^l^&tu aiijiya,
uiu^^ payantha,
^a^ffWrresT acchamdna,
uiULDn'esr payamdna
something f r i g h t f u l (n.) -UlUfBiaip'LD payahgaram
f r i g h t f u l (adj.) -uturajmrruDrrasr payangaramana
f r i g h t f u l l y (adv.) -uujraia;[TLDrrai payahgaramdga
a f t e r (adv.), then -
^ L J L j p L b appuram a f t e r (beyond i n space) -
cS i/L/qp tb appuram a f t e r —
aijfi^^ kalitthu a f t e r ( t ime ) ; above -
LSIeir pin, LSGSTLI pinbu, ISSBTOSST pinne, iSiasTasrrTso pinnal, LSlekssmGeO pinnale
a f t e r n o o n (n.) -
iBlpuasM pirpagal affer-svards —
iSipurr® pirpddu, L5)ff3@ piragu
a g a i n (adv.) -LCin;i]LJU).U-ILD marupadiyum,
LSemQiiii intndum a g a i n and again (adv.) —
^iq.a;ans{. adikkadi, UisO(lfi0S)p palamurai
3
against (adv.), opposed to -wrriprra; mSraga, si^pTTtX ethirdga
age (years old) -aJiU§l vayathu
era (n.) -aireOLD kalam
agitate (v.L); move; shake -^«f)ff asai
be agitated; move; shake (v.) -^ana' asai (j^enffiu, ^mir^gi)
agitate (emotionally) (v.t.) -< S S U « ; @ kalakku (asuffis, «£U*g))
be agitated (emot.) (v.i.) -i5SUEJ(g kalahgu (<BSOra/iK, «SU/SJS))
ago (adv.) -(LpesTLf munbu
agree (v.) -< ? U ) L D ^ sammathi ( t f t i i D ^ a ; ^ , ffLDLD^^^)
agree with ( v . ) -e^^gjaQsrrist otthukkol {-Qsazheff, -Qds/7eMrCp)
agreement (n.); contract -epLJU^^LD oppantham
agriculture (n.) -eSleufffTiULD vivasSyam, GeverrfremanLD velanmai
aid (n.) -S-^eSl uthavi
aid (v.L) -S-^eSl Gl3=dj uthavi sey (- G)*iuiu, - Qsiugi)
aim (v.L), to point at -^f^urrpr kuripar
aim (n.), purpose, goal -(ggS hurt,
(seyal) nokkam air (n.), w i n d -
<SlTn)^ karru airport (n.) —
vimana nilaiyam alarm (n.), state of alarm -
uiULh payam, ^S^ffiJD accham
be alarmed (v.i.), frightened -thidukkidu
0 ® « £ ) i _ , ^(ilffig)L-0)
alas! (interj.) -^GiUfT aiyo
4
alas!, misfortune; sin -Ufra/ti) pavam
alike (adv.) — epuurrs oppSga,
GunGeo pole
a l i v e -a_(z5)(5L_Mr uyirudan,
S-erretT uyir ulla all , all kinds "of-
STsbsufT ells,
ellavithamdna all (things) (n.) -
STsbsonii ellam all (people) (n.) -
sreoeonqfiLCi ellSrum, STSwGsua'(5Lb elldrum
all (whole) (a.) -(Lp(tgeu^uo muluvathum
allo-sv (v.t.); leave; let go -a5)(51 vidu (a5)t_, O S I L - ® )
aUov? (v.t.), permit -r ^ C T / L p S i ) anumathi ( < ^ @ U U ) ^ « « , ^w,su^i,gi)
almost (adv.) -SllLi—^^Cl- Uttatthatta,
konjam kuraiya
alms (u.) -l3<fema= picchai
alone; unique; sole -^asfl thani, ^asflujns thaniyaga, ^esfliurreu thaniyam
alone (only) -lDL-.(giUi mattum
along side (prep.) -L/«ffi^@sb pakkatthil
along w i t h (prep.) — ffiii— kiida
all along (adv.) -Q/5(51« neduga
a lot of (adj.) -r§les)puj niraiya aloud (adv.) -
ff^^LDfTSi satthamaga already (adv.); before -
(LpeiflQu munbe, (yjsJTSSrCoU) munname
also (adv.); even — -S-IM -um, -kada
although (conj.) -erekpfT&^Lb enralum,
irunthapothum always (adv.); whenever-
eriliGuiT^Lh eppothum
5
always; forever -ereJsrgiILD enrum
always; ever-6TS5rs!npa;@)Lb enraikkum
ambassador (n.) -^fipf dhuthar
ambition (n.) -Lj^SLpiTJ'aJUi pugalSrvam,
Gufrrr^suLD perarvam
amend (v.L), emend; correct-^(§^§1 thirutthu
among (prep.) -s-sir ul, S-enQerr ulle, ^es)L^u5i<so idaiyil,
^es)L-Guj idaiye
amount (n.), measure; l imit-^ensij alavu
amount (n.); anthology -Qssfrems thogai
amplification (n.); details -si5)sx/ini vivaram
anarchy (n.) — (^LpUULD kulappam
ancient (adj.) -thonmaiyana,
ULpemLDturresr palamaiyana
and (conj.) --a_ib ... -a_Lb -um... -um, LDipgiJLD marrum
anger (n.) -GarruiM kobam
be angry (v.i.) -GsrruLDfrs ^ ( T J kobaindga iru
(- i)(!5««, - ^mm) anger (make angry) (v.t.) -GSITU^LL® kobamuttu (-safL.(_, -ssnCis).)
angry (adj.) -GsrTjjQfisrrerr kobamulla
angrily (adv.) -GaUTUWlTSi ksbamaga
angle (n.); comer -GsnemLB konam
animal (n.) -LSl(t^mLD mirugam, LSlrrtreissfl pirani
anklet (silver) (n.) -Qarra^Sr kolusu
anniversary (n.) -^isisr® eS\Lpn andu vila
announce (v.t) -^n5)si5) arivi ( j5)a5)««, ^jS)aS)^^)
announcement (n.) — ^(^eSluLf arivippu 6
another (of the same) (adj.) -^CsKSsWfrCfJ inndru.
another (different) (adj.) -Gevg) vera,
GajGplTQ^ veroru another (of the same) (adj.) -
LDipro marra, LDirj maru,
LDpGpfTq^ marroru
another (person) -wppeupi marravar,
GeilGpn'(ii^evp' veroruvar
another (thing) (n.) -Gsi/Gpffswgy veronru
answer (n.), reply -u^so pathil,
LDgu^Lnrrifi marumoli
answer (in exam.) (n.), reply -eSleini— vidai
answer (verbally) (v.) -LDgnQiarTifi Qa^rrei} marumoli sol
(- QfffTaJoi, - Q{FiTa)eSI); sfflfflDi— Qmeo vidai sol;
u ^ s b Qs^irei) bathilsol
answer (in writing) (v.) -
bathil eluthu
(- «7(yi , - «r( ) )
ant (n.) -er^LDi-i erumbu
antiqxiity (n.) -ULpemLD palamai,
yfieumnetiLD purvakalam
any (adj. & pron.) -^ ^ f r s u ^ ethdvathu,
eJG^^La ethenum,
er^sijlh ethuvum,
ujnQ^rT(§ yathoru
anybody (pron.), anyone -lunrjrTsy^ yaravathu,
STSuGprgyLo evaremim
anyone (pron.), everyone -luiT(§Lh yarum
nobody (pron.) -yarum illai
anyhow (adv.) — eppadiyenum
anything (pron.) — (urrGfies}llM ydthSnum
anything (pron.), whichever-sT^sy i i ethuvum
anyway (adv.) -eruuiq-turriiSls^lih eppadiyayinum
7
anywhere (adv.), somewhere -eTfSjGsiurrajgl engeyavathu
anywhere (adv.), w h e r e v e r -^lilGsiLjlJo ehgeyum
apologize, ask forgiveness -wasTss^uLi Gserr mannippu kel (- G«il«, - Cs i lg) )
apology (n.), asking forgive. -mesrasflLjq QmiLL^eo mannippu kettal
appeal (for help) (v.) -(LpempuSQ) muraiyidu (((/)anj)u5lL_, (LpenpuSICQi)
appea l (n.) -Geuem(S)Q'SrTerr vendukol {-QarreheiT, -Qa/rcHr®)
a p p e a r (v.); s e e m -G^fTekgU thonru (G^/rrarn), CS /rswjB)
a p p e a r a n c e (n.); scene -G^rrppib thorram, amLS) katchi
appoint (v.t.) -liltULSI niyami
appo in t (to a job) (v.t.) -GejesxsosiULDp'^gl velaikkamanthu
a p p o i n t m e n t (n.) -rSllULDStsnh niyamanam, ff^^uq santhippu
a p p r o a c h (v.i.); reach; get -adai
a p p r o a c h ; reach; jo in with -Gff/f ser (Cffjr, Qst^gi)
a p p r o a c h (v.i.) -(o)/50ffi/@ nerungu (GliBtsmia, QjBdSiiiSi)
a p p r o v a l (n.) -SFLDUD^LD sammatham
a p p r o v e (v . t ) -a^LOLO^ sammathi
sammatham therivi (- Q^iHeSIss, - Q{iiflsSI0gi)
a p p r o x i m a t e l y (adv.) -aLDfTp' sumar, SIILL-^^LLL^ kittatthatta
a r e a ; region; port ion -paguthi,
uijULf parappu, fi0auuu@@ nilappaguthi, urjLJULpeij parappalavu
a r g u e (v.) -eiirr^iT® vathsdu
8
a r g u m e n t (n.) — (e&)eu[r{siis (vi)vatham, QJlT^frQl^A> vathaduthal
a r m (n.); hand -OTcS kai
trunk (elephant) (n.) -^^setnsi thuthi-k-kai
a r m y (n.); t roops; force — uani— padai
a r o i m d — surri,
a-p^&^Lb surrilum a r r a n g e (v.t.) —
Q<F(U oluhgu sey (- Qsihiu, - Qfiii^y, 6Tpjj/r(j) QfflU erpS4u sey; a=^UuQ\^§l sarippadutthu (-u®^, - u g ) ^ )
a r r a n g e m e n t , preparat ion -erpurrCS) erpa4u
a r r e s t (stop) ( v . t ) -rSt^^SI nirutthu
a r r e s t (take into custody) -esi^x^ QfFUj kaithu sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qfftugi)
a r r i v e (v.i.) -Q J / j g / G«r vanthu ser (- CSffjr, - Gffpii®/)
a r r i v a l (n.) — suq^es)ai varugai, euq^^et) varuthal
a r r o g a n c e (n.) — SpreilLD karvam
a r r o g a n t (adj.) -aipeylLBfTeST karvamana
a r r o g a n t l y (adv.) -S^euLorrs karvamdga
a r t (n.) -assDSU 'kalai, ^0^rrLO chitthiram
a r t i s t (n.) -^ofllL / ir oviyar, chitthirakkSrar
as (conj.) -uu^ujaec padiyaU ^esTUU^iurreO anapadiyal, ^emaiums: agaiyal
as , in accordance with -UU^GlU padiye
as , l i k e -LD/7^/fl mdthiri, ^UUlSj-GlU appadiye
a s c e n d (v.i.), go up -GLDGSV Q3=<A) male sel (- Qa^su, - Qa swnjj)
P
ascend (v.i.), enter (vehicle) -<^g)J em (,^0), ^nSI)
ash (n.) -ffnihueo sambal
ask: listen; obey (v.) -Gscrr kel ( G « L . « , Gatl®)
asleep (adv.) -gffSSLDfTS thukkamaga
assemble (v.i.) -OidLQi kum ( f f i j l L , ffijll^)
assist ( v . ) -O-^'sSl Qffuj uthavi sey (- Qffiuiu, - QiFtujy)
assistance (n.), help -S-^aSl uthavi
assistant (n.), h e l p e r -S-^eSliurreirp^ uthaviySlar, gieinem{ajp) thuriai(var)
association; corpn.; pol. party -XLpaih kalagam
association, society, union -fliiaih sangam
assurance (n.) — uruthi
assure (v.) -S-gU^ Qff^iu uruthi sey (- Qsiuiu, - Qffiligj)
astonish (v.) -
acchariyamuttu (-afiTL,!—, -aaiLLuj.)
astonishment (n.) -^#5=ffluj/i acchariyam
astonisliing (adj.) -
acchariyamana astonishingly (adv.) -
acchariyamaga at (prep.) -
-g)sb -n atmosphere (n.) -
(gy)n5)s!f)(SU sulnilai atom (n.) — r^smi aim
attack (v.L) -^lTm(g thdkku {^iTsx, 0rTaSl)
attack (n.) — ^rT<s^£S<A> thakkuthal, er^p'uq ethirppu
attempt (n.); effort-(Lpiup^ muyarchi
attempt (v.) -(lfilUp& QfFiU muyarchi sey (- Qsiuiu, - Qffiu^)
10
attend, wait on, look after -sieuetfl kavani («61/C3fl«<S, sisuesfl^^)
attention (n.), heeding -aeiissTLO kavanam
pay at tent ion (v.) -dssi/ssfl kavani
a u n t (n.), father's sister; mother's brother's wife — ^^es)^ atthai
aun t (n.) -LDmSI mami
author ; editor; t e a c h e r -^&lfluj^ asiriyar
author i ty ; power; command -rS>l^<SfTrTLD athikaram
author i ta t ive (adj.) -
athikaramana authori ta t ively (adv.) -
athikaramaga avoid (v.t.); abstain f r o m -
^eSlfr thavir
avpake (v.i.); get up; emerge -ST(y) elu (ejip, ej(L0^gi)
awaken (someone else) (v.t.) -ST(LpULl eluppu {^(LffUU, €TlLgUl3)
away -siSlsuS) vilagi, gUff dhUra,
Q^nemeoeSieo tholaivil
B baby (n.); c h i l d -
(gLp^ans^ kulanthai back (of one's body) -
(IfiSKS "^"ihugu back (general) (n.) -
iSdr pin, iSleirnpLD pinpuram
back(ward) (adv.) -LSIeir pin, ^(§LDISI thirumbi, ^(§ULSI thiruppi (w/ v.t.)
b a d (adj.); s p o i l e d -ketta
b a d m a n (n.) -Q(5JL.t_eus5r kettavan
bad (situation, etc.) (n.) — Qwrrs^LD mosam
b a d (adj.) -QiDtTS^Lorresr mosamSna
bag (n.) -E n u pai
11
baggage (n.) -fflTLDmAt saman
balance (v.t.); compare -
samanilayakku
balance (remainder) (n.) -mithi
ball (n.) -U^§j panthu
ballot (n.) -6^lL®s=SlL(S\
ban (v.t.) -^ S i n t _ Qftu thadaisey
(- Qffiuiu, - Slffiiigi) ban (n.) -
^eini_ tliadai ban order (n.) -
thadai uttharavu
banana (n.) -
eu[TeS)Lp valai
banana (mature fruit) -evrranifiLJULpLD
valai-p-palam
bangle (n) -enmeiTiueci valaiyal
bracelet (n.) -•xauLj kappu
bank (shore) (n.) -saniT karai
bank (financial) (n.) -suffiyS) vahgi
bar (to block) (v.t.) -^Qt thadu
( 3 ( 5 ) « « ,
bar (rod) (n.) -^ 1 4 . thadi,
aiMiS kambi
barber (n.) — C S I / L D L / L L L I S W ambattan,
fSrre&^sir n&vithan
bark (of a dog) (n.) -(g£insw(^65Gb) kulaj(tthal)
bark (v.i.) — @ansu kulai (@«n6D««, (gencu^^)
base (n.), bottom; foot; step -^Lq, cult
base (n.), b o t t o m -^Lq.uus;sih adi-p-pakkam
baseless (adj.) -
kdranam illatha
basic (adj.) -^LS^LIUS!nL^UJIT<Sl!r
adippadaiyana,
^u^uues)L- adippadai
12
basket (n.) — 5i.«nL_ kudai
bat (animal) (n.) -Qeiieneurreo vauval
bath (n.) -
(gsrflujsb kidiyal
bathe (oneself) (v.i.) -@sn) kuH
( g s i S a ; * , ( g s i 9 ^ ^ )
bathe (another) (v.t.) -(ge/i^LJUnLOt kidippattu ((gsiSiJun-L.i_, (gaBuumluj.)
bathing room (n.) -
kidiyal arai
battle (n.); w a r -Qunir par
battle (v.) -
sandai pannu ( - ucinsreiror, - uewsBafl);
ffessremi— GurrQi saiidai podu (- Gum-, - Guml.&)
be (v.i.); become-
be (v.i.); stay, w a i t -
beach (n.) -tsetncr karai
sea-shore (n.) -ffiL_(D<5S!njr kadar-karai
beak (bird's) ~ alagu,
(paravai) mukku
bear (v.t.); give birth -QugjJ peril (Qup, Qupgii)
bear (animal) (n.) —
beard (n.) -^mq. dhadi
beat (v.t.), h i t -^14. adi
beauty (n.) -^Lp(g, alagu
beautiful (adj.) -^LpsiiresT alagana,
^LpSllu alagiya
because (conj.), f o r -i^jQesresTprrA) enenral
just because of that -
athanalthan
on account of; as -snriemLDnsi karanamaga
13
become (v.i.); b e -
bed (with mattress) -L ; (5)aani5 padukkai
cot (without mattress) -aiiLls\.eo kattil
bee (n.) -Q^df them
beetle (n.) -isiiemQ\
before (in space); opposite -er^pr ethir, er^Gir ethire
before (in time); already -ejpsenrGaj erkanave, (Lpewssrrrsb munna!
before, formerly -(Lpek mun, (ipekLj munbn, (LpssKeBsr munne, (Lpeitesmeii munnal, QfietsTBSinQiso munnale
beg (v.) -Gserr picchai kel
(-C5«il«, - (S«L.®) beggar (n.) -
picchaikkdran
begin (v.i.) — Q^nL^iai(Q thodahgu (Qigrrumis, Q^/rLrag))
beg in (v.t.) -^[TLDlSl aramhi (=^UIL51««, ^ijiMi3$^)
beg inn ing (n.) -^tTlhuLD arambam
beg inn ing (n. or adj.); first -( t p ^ s b muthal
b e h a v e ; happen; walk -fSI—. nada {rsi—As, rsi-^si)
b e h a v i o r (n.), conduct — rsi—SiiLsi.a;ana nadavadikkai, lEL^^an^ nadatthai
b e h i n d (prep.) -iSeir pin, LSlssTOSTneo pinnal, LSeiTLlpLh pinpuram
b e i n g (n.) -g) (T5^^sb irutthal
belief; confidence; hope -f S L b t i l a a n s nambikkai
bel ieve (v.), trust -rSLbl-l nambu (jBiiu, rsiiiLS)
bell ; hour (of the day) -iosssfl mani
14
be long (v.t.) -
sonthainayiru -^mm)
be long ing to (adj.) -(3ff!J75^ serntha
below; eastern — g y ) kll
b e m o a n i n g (n.); m o u r n i n g -LjeVLDuec pulambal
benef i t (n.); welfare -/ gEOt i nalam,tssueinLD nanmai
benef i t (v.t.) -ISsireinLD Qffiu nanmai sey (- G)ffi£jiu, - QiFiiigi)
bes ide (prep.), next -usm^^eo pakkatthil
bes ides ; m o r e o e v e r -(jLospfLD melum
bes t ( a d j . ) -migacchirantha, utthama(mana)
b e t r a y (v.L); reveal -
vanjanai sey (- Qa^iiiiu, - Qa^iugi); a;mLi^.AQarT(Si kattikkodu
better (adj.) -QimsonesT melana
between (prep.) -^swt—uSlsb idaiyil, LD^^uSieo matthiyil
beyond; moreover; then — ^ULIpih appuram
beyond (in space) -^LJLjpLh appuram
big (adj.); important -QufDlU periya
bind (v.t.); tie; bui ld-siCQ kattu («L.(_, fflL-'l^.)
bundle (n.) -«L!_(5) kattu
bird (n.) -u p s D S U paravai, (g(njeiSI kuruvi
birth (n.) -i S p u q pirappu
bite (v.t); chew -dSlif. kadi
bitter (adj.) -ffiffuufrew kasappana
bitterness (n.) -<5<FUL/ kasappu
15
black (adj.) -
SgiJUUiraST karuppana, 3i^es)LDUjfTetrr karumaiydna,
•xtSllU kariya blackness (n.) -
sg^jULj karuppu blame (n.) ; fault; revenge -
Uifi pali, { g p p i b kurram blame (v.t.) -
Ulfl pali (uifids, uifi^gi);
@ f f ) p i i i s^fTlLQl kurram sattu (- ffmli_, - ffitCuf.)
b l a n k (n.), emptiness -
Q s i w y s n L D verumai, sneSl gali
b l a n k (adj.), empty -
QsugilLD verum b l a n k e t (n.) -
snisuefh kambali bleed (v. i . ) -
jr^gli) a/ig. rattham vadi
bleeding (excessive) (n.) -
rattha-p-pokku bless ( v . t ) -
^ f f l r s u ^ aslrvathi
bless ing (n.) -^^p-eutT^LD aslrvatham
b l i n d (adj.) -
(aj(l^LLQ\(gd^L-fTesr kiirudana
b l i n d l y (adv.) -
kuruttutthanamaga b l i n d n e s s (n.) -
(g(/5(5) kurudu, ssm Q^ifliurTLDso
kan theriyamal
b l i n d p e r s o n (n.) -
^ ( / J L j j kurudar
b l o c k (to stop) (v . t . ) —
^(5) thadu (^filffiffl,
b l o o d (n.) -
p'^^ih rattham
b l o o m ( n . ) , b lossom -
toswp" malar, y pu
blouse ( w o r n w i t h saree) -
CraS]s;es)X ravikkai,
GfflTeffl choli
blouse (western style) —
a^llsiW— sattai
b l o w ( n . ) ; stroke; thunder —
16
b l o w (as w i n d ) (v .) -
adi ^i^-^)
b l u e (n . ) , dark b l u e -
/fsuii nilam b l u e (adj.) -
/fso nila
b o a r d (n . ) , p l a n k -
usvsmss palagai
b o a t (n.) -
Ul-.(Q padagu,
e^l—LD odam,
G^rrsmfl thoni
ship (n.) -
suueb kappal
b o d y (n.) -
£_L_su udal
b o i l ( v . t ) -
kothikkappattiru (-g)(n;ffiffi, -§im§l)
b o a ( v . i . ) , be b o i l e d -Qsn^ kothi (Glmrr^aa, Qa!t^0gi)
b o l d (adj.) -em^iflujiUDrresr
dhairiyamana
b o l d l y ( a d v . ) -etil^lfllULDrra dhairiyamaga
boldness (n.) -em0lfluJLD dhairiyam
b o n e (n.) — STeplLDLj elumhu
b o o k (n.) -fl5ffsu nUl, Lf^^sih putthagam
(L/sfu^ffiti pusthakam) b o r d e r ( n . ) ; shore -
ffissi/r karai, ^prih dram b o r d e r ( n . ) ; l i m i t ; e x t e n t -
STsbsinsU ellai b o m (be); be i s s u e d -
iSIp pira {iSlroaa;, iSp^) b o r r o w (take a loan) (v .) -
kadan vahgu (- aimiia, - ajmiiS)
boss ( n . ) , master, l o r d -er^Lorreir ejamdn,
(Lp^evrreifl muthalali,
^emeoeupT thalaivar b o t h (adj. & pron.) -
^ i r s w ' ( 5 l ( t i ) iraiidu(m) b o t t l e ( n . ) -
LJLL^. putti b o t t o m ; foot ; step -
adi(-p-pakkam)
17
bottom (adj.) -^/ry)/5^ thalntha
bow (to) (v.); worship -oJemiBJf^ vanahgu
box (n.) -QuiLuj. petti
boy (n.) -muiuasT paiyan
bracelet (n.) -XITLJLI kappu
brain (n.) -^anstr mUlai
brass (n.) -iSl^e^mea pitthalai
brave (adj.) — eBp'ljarrem viramam
bravery (n.) -oSfTlii vlram
bread (n.) -QirmLt^ rotti
breadth (n.) -^seOLD agalam
break (v.t.) -a_«5ll_ udai (ji-csiLfflffl, a-OTL-^^)
break (be broken) (v.i.) -a_«!n(_ udai
a breaking open (n.) -s^es)i_LJLl udaippu
breath; life; vowel -a_u5)p- uyir
breath (n.); Ufe-mUcchu
breathe (v.) -p#«a5)(4l mucchuvidu
(-sSlL., -Q5)L.(JI) brevity (n.) -
s^qgAaih surukkam brick (n.) -
Qffliiseo sengal bride (n.) -
LDeswLDserr mana-magal, LDSmuQuem mana-p-pen, seoturrsmuQuem kalyana-p-pen
bridegroom (n.) -UjsssrLOiSsjr maita-magan, LDiruiSmsnm mappillai
bridal couple (n.) -LBemiasiSierT mana-makkal
bridge (n.) -uireoLD palam
brief (adj.) -Si^asiLDlTeiST surukkamana
18
briefly (adv.) -s^Q^ssLorT'X surukkamaga
bright (adj.); clear-(^isnaaLDaem vilakkamana,
LDUJiDirasT olimayamana brighten (v.) -pirakasappadutthu
brightness (n.) -iSfrafT'SFLh pirakasam
bright (adj.) -iSlprsmFLoaesr pirakasamana
brightly (adv.) — i3rrsirT9'LDlT3i pirakSsamaga
brilliant (adj.) ~ pirakSsamulla
bring (v.t) -Qanem(^ eurr kondu va (- aj!T, - ajpgi)
bring down (v.t.); lower-irakku
(MP^' g)!D«S)) broad (adj.) -
^SisVLDrresT agalamSna broom (n.) — ^S!n(_iJut i thudaippam
brother (general term) -sQsin^rreisr sagotharan
elder brother -^(SWOTsrsaT" annan
younger brother -^LDl3 tliambi
brow (eyebrow) -Lj([^eULti buruvam
brown (n.) -U(LpLJLj paluppu
brown (adj.) -u(LffUi-i rSlpLDrreu paluppu niramana
bucket (n.) 'umQaiC' — euasnt vsli
buffalo (n.) -67(55 SOT LD(LDnr(5l) erumai(madu)
build (v.t.); bind -miLQ) kattu
building (n.), construction -SilLi<i.L^La kattidam
bull (n.) -a/rsmsrr kalai
buUock (n.); ox -eTQg^ eruthu
bullock cart (n.) -u:n'L-(51su«5iir£4- mattu-vandi
19
bundle (n.) -<KL.® kattu (sticks), gpL-anL_ muttai (cloth)
b u r n ( v . t . ) ; h e a t -ST/fl eri (6T(fl<sffi, eriH^gi)
b u r n (v.i.); glow; be angry -ST/fl eri (sirfJiu, eriH^gi)
b u m (v.t.); scorcli -be bu rned (v.i.); be scorched -
g iu *fy (^lu, ^ili^gi) bur s t (v.t.) -Qsuif vedi
(QsU^.<B&<B, Q f i U i f ^ ^ ) b u r s t (n.) -Qeilis^uq vedippu b u r y (v.t.) -
Lfes)^ puthai (L/«n^*3!, qen^^gi)
be bur i ed (v.i.) —
bus (n.) -
business (n.); trade -
b u s y (adj.) -aigtisiguuunssr surusuruppdna, ^^eu^errerr aluvalulla, (Lpiup^iurresT muyarchiyana
b u t (conj.) -^ssTiTSO anal
b u t t e r (n.) -QeusssTQemiu venney
b u t t e r m i l k (n.) -Guorrp' mor
b u y (v.t.); get; receive -eun'isi(g vdhgu (cumsyiS, eufrmiSi)
by, by way of; through — - c g j S b -dl, euLfiiuneo valiydl, suLftiUfTS valiydga, Uffi« @su pakkatthil c ca l ami ty ; accident; danger -
<sSlu^§l vibatthu, ^U^§1 dbatthu
calf (young animal) — kanru(-k-kutti)
20
call (v.t.); invite — cSV«Jntp alai
call (v.t.); s h o u t -Si^ULS\Q\(«JJLS)IL., «VUL9L1(41)
call on (v.t.), visit -(o)s9:(S5WK U/Tjr senrupdr (- uwffis, - unf^gi); Gumuuunpi poy-p-pdr
c a l m (n.) -^s^LD^ amaithi
c a l m (adj.) -^emLD^lurresr amaithiyana
c a l m d o w n (v.i.); obey — ^L^!Sl(gl a4angu {^luiim, ^ L _ B ; S ) )
came l (n.) -a^L.(_<Btb ottagam
c a n (aux. v.) -(LpU^lLjLD mudiyum
c a n ' t (aux. v.) — Qjus^ajrr^ mudiySthu
cance l (v.t.) -[T^^ Qa^ih ratthu sey (- Qffdjtu, - Qffiij^)
c a n c e r (n.) -LlpguGrSfTiu purru-noy
c a n d i d a t e (n.) -QeuiLuasn^ vetpdlar
cap i t a l (city) (n.) -^emstirssp' thalai-nagar
cap t ive (n.) -S!f)as@ kaithi
c a p t u r e (v.t.), catch -LSU^ pidi {i3i^.ssi, iSin.^gi)
captmre (n.) -iSlL^^^eo piditthal
car ( t ) (n.); vehicle — euemu). vandi
c a r e (n.); concern, worry -aeumso kavalai
c a r e (v.i.) -saj(;inevLiu(S)0^ kavalaippadutthu
take c a r e (v.i.) -tsssussfl kavani
c a r e (n.), heed -aeussTLD kavanam
carefu l (adj.) -ssnssiLanetsr kavanamana
careful ly (adv.) -SieiiesTLDnsi kavanamaga
c a r p e n t e r (n.) — ^a^<9=sJT thacchan
21
c a r r y (away) (v . t) -G)<5/raJ5r(51 Gurr kondu pd (- Surra, - Qunii)
car(t) (n.); v e h i c l e -GuesTiru}. vandi
c a s h (change); paise — SITSr kasu
cash (money) (n.) -usOTTli) panam
caste (n.) -^ f T 0 jathi
cat (n.) -y a n s s r punai
catch (v.t.); capture -
L 5 I 1 4 , pidi ( L S 1 I ? . « « , iSttsf.^) cattle (cows, bulls, oxen,
goats & sheep) -
^ ( J l Loa® a4u madu
cows, bulls, & oxen (only) -
LDITQI madu goats & sheep (only) -
=^(4) a4u cause (n.); r e a s o n -
SfTrrsssTLD karanam cause (v.t) -
•sn'P'as!srLDn'(g karanamdgu (-=&*, ->«S))
cease (v.i.); become tired — i^iLl dy (giu, ^lu^si)
cease (hunger, etc.); end -;f/Hy@ niiigu $imSi)
celebrate (v.) -G\sinemL_nQ\(QarreisrL.n-L., Qxirsisri-insi.)
celebration (n.) -Q«/TSii!iri_mlL_ti> kondattam
center; middle —
/5(il na4^ (u.),
L D ^ @ matthi(n.),
/5(5)CoSl/ nadicve (prep.),
rS(tiS)SlsO rmduvil (prep.)
center (as an institution) (n.) -
emiMiULD maiyam
c e n t r a l (adj.) -
55(51 nadu,
rsQlsyrreu naduvana,
anLDiULDireisr maiyamana,
LD^^UJ matthiya
century (n.) —
^ppneiwQi nurrdndu
ceremony (n.) — a=L/Ey(g sadangu,
kondattam c e r t a i n (adj.); definite -
mL-j—muLDrresT kattayamana, f^a^a^iULDrresr nicchayamana
22
certainly (adv.) -
kattayaml-aga,
nicchayaml-aga certainty (n.); necessity -
^evFliULD avasiyam certainty; firmness, strength —
S-gU^ uruthi certainty; c o m p u l s i o n -
ailLl—lTUJLD kattayam certainty (n.); truth -
j^ffs^iUlh nicchayam
c h a i r (n.) -rsnipsimsSI narkali
c h a i r m a n / p e r s o n (n.); l e a d e r -
65S!n«usi/^ thalaivar
c h a m p i o n (n.) -e^rrsir viran,
Q^uSluuevsir Jeyippavan
c h a n c e (n.); unexpected event -
sSpQ'SFUJeci tharcheyal
c h a n c e (adj.); accidental -
tharcheyalana by c h a n c e (adv.); accidentally -
^ p Q f f i u s u r r a tharcheyalaga
change (coins) (n.) -^soeostnrr) sillarai
change (v.i.) -LarrgiJ mam { i m r p , wnrS!)
change ( v . t ) ; exchange -Lorrp^ manu {wrrpp, Lanpe^)
change (n.); transformation -Lonwy^sb maruthal,
LDfTippLb marram chapter (book); authority -
55>/@«flFtii alhikaram c h a r a c t e r (story; play); pot -
UlT^^fflM patthiram behavior ( c h a r a c t e r ) (n.) —
fBL-^ss)^ nadatthai c h a r a c t e r ; quality; health -
(QsmLD gtinam c h a r g e ( v . t ) ; a c c u s e -
(^ppLDffmLQi kurramsatm (-jm.' I , -ffuilj^.)
c h a r g e (fee, fare) (n.) -SiLLL-SiSTLD kattatuan
chase (v.t.), pursue -thuratthu
(g/!r^,^3•^^);
thuratthi-c-chel
23
chase (v.); follow - chicken (n.) -
iSlekQ^fTL^ pinthodar (565/n^(<ss(g(^») kdli(-k-kunju)
cheap (adj.) - chief (adj.) -LDsSleuaesr malivana (ipaStlu mukkiya.
cheapness (n.) - ^emei>es)LDUJiTssr LDeSleij malivu thalaimaiyana.
cheat (v.t.) -
^LDfrn)^ emarru muthanmaiyana
child (n.) -
eiKS^St vanji iSsfToneiT pillai
child (n.); baby -
cheating (n.) - (gip/Bena; kulanthai
su^ffssissr vanjanai children (pi. n. only) -
check (v.t.), examine - us^tiiserr pasahgal uiflGfffT^ parisSthi little ones (n.) —
ffigHeuif siruvar
check-up (n.); med. exam — chillies, red pepper -
ufilGa'n'^emasr parisothanai lEIerr&imij milagSy
cheer (up someone) (v.t.) - chin (u.) -
LoSlLpisSl magilvi GLDfTSXirriLI movay (tofflyiaSaa, iciSl^sS\^§i) choice (n.) —
chest (of the body) ( n . ) - Q^preij thervu
Q ^ ( ^ 5 r nenju. (Q^/fley therivu)
LDrr^Lj mdrbu choose ( v . t ) ; elect -
chew (v.t.) - G^/7V5(o)i5(5) themthedu QLDSO met (-6T®ffiffi, - 6 7 ® ^ ^ ) ;
((D)U)«JSU, Qtzjcargu) Gi5/7T5^ themthu [p.p. only]
24
chosen (adj.) -
Q^ifl^ai therintha
chop ( v . t ) ; c u t -Qait l(5) vettu (G)si/ili_, QeniLiq.)
chop (n.); c u t -
QeuiL(S) vettu
church (n.); temple -
GarruBA) koyil
R.C. church (n.) -
Lurf^iT GsnuSleo
maths koyil
cinema (film); pictore; map -
UL^LD padam,
'SlssFlLDfr' sinima
circle (n.); region -
SULLL^LD vattam
circular (adj.) —
euL-i—LorresT vattamana,
vattavadivamana
circumstance (n.); s ituation-
^^r^smeo sulnilai
suiTound[ing] -
situation (n.); condit ion-
f§eis)ev nilai
city (n.) -asffjT ur, rssiXLD nagaram, U L - L - S a r i i pattinam
claim (n.); right, privilege -
a_/fls!ntij urimai
clap (v.) -
es)s; ^ll(51 kai thattu ( - ^ L J _ , - ^ l l i ^ . )
clarity (n.) -
Q^efiieif thelivu
clash (n.) -
ffsmesiL- sandai, GiDrr^eo mdthal
clash (v.) -
GLDfTgj mdthu{GwfTii,Gwfj^y, s^eisrisnL^Qurr® sandaipodu (- (Sum-, - QunCj®)
class (n.); kind, sort -
emia inam class (n.); division -
eiJ(giLJLj' vaguppu
classify ( v . t ) ; d i v i d e -eiJ(g vagu (6u(g«ffi, aj(g^)
claw (n.) —
rssLD nagam
clean (grain, etc.) (v . t ) -aemetr kalai
2 5
clean (v.t) -Si^^LD Qfiu suttham sey
(- Qffiuiu, - QffiiHs;);
sutthappadutthu
clean (adj.) -a^esiiorran) sutt)m(mana)
cleanliness (n.); purity — a ^ ^ l i suttham
morally 'clean' person -
sutthamdnavar
be clear (v.i.) -effletTlSJ^ vilahgu (aSsrr/wa, eSmiiiSl)
be clear (v.i.); be certain -Qgsiffl theli (Q^srBiu, Qiserfl/s )
make clear (v.L), clarify -
thelivupadutthu
clear (adj.) -Q^isfHeurreisT thelivana
clearly (adv.) -
Q^siflsu/r« thelivaga
clarity (n.) -Q^fflfflsi/ thelivu
climate (n.) -
thatpaveppanilai
climb (v.t.); enter (vehicle) exgu eru {^p, ^rgl)
climb (n.) -ejrppLD erram
clock (n.); wristwatch -«Uj.«/rirtii kadigaram
close (v.t.); shut — fffT^gl satthu {ffiT^^, m
^es)L^ adai (-««, -^§i)
close (prep.); near-
©ilL_ kitta
close (v.t.); cover-^ ( 5 1 miulu (opi-, apt?.)
be closed (v.i.); be covered ^l!j .u5 ) (T5 mudiyiru
(-g)C5««, -^(sm) closing (n.), clostire; end -
^LSj-Si^ mudivu
closed (adj.) -QfiLq.Uj mudiya
cloth (n.); clothes -jyssisfl thuni
wear (clothes) (v.) -udutthu
26
clothes (n.) -^ss)L- adai,
S-(£\ULf uduppu
cloud (n.) -GLDSLD megam
cloudy (adj.) -LD^^fTrrLDfTesr
mantharamSna
clown (n.), comedian -QsnLDrrefil komali
coal (charcoal) -
(uduppu-k- )kari
coal (mineral) (n.) -rileosaifl nila-k~kari
coalition (n.) -suLQl kuffu, 5^LLi4.«!ns!S!!rci/. kuttinaivu
coast (n.); beach -SL^psiemrr kadarkarai
cock (rooster) (n.) -Gffeueo seval
coconut (n.) -Q^lBJtumu thehgay
coconut tree (n.) — (o}fl;ssrsinsirr(u)fni) thennai(maram)
coin (n.) -SlTOr kasu
cold (adj.) -(^eflirjnesr kulirana,
(garS/jj5^ kulirntha
very cold (adj.) -LEas(ge/rl!TfTe!!T
miga-k-kulirana
coUect (v.t.); join, unite -G*(T ser (CSffffffiat, Ga^^^^i)
coOect (v.t.); gather-^TjlL® thirattu
( g l i T L X . , ^ j T L U J . )
collect (v.) -skjLQ) kattu ( f f i j l i _ , flkili^.);
kudu ( « I L . , ena^.)
collection (n.); c r o w d -ffiilli—UD knttam
collective (n.); partnership -<9i . l l (5) kuttu
collective (adj.), joint -shul^L^rresr kuttsna
collectively (adv.), jointly — gidLL^rrs kuttaga,
ak.L^ kuda college (n.) —
•seo&^ffi kalluri
colony (n.) -
Sh.ls^u5\(§LJLf kadiyiruppu
27
color (n.) -f^pLD niram
comb (n.) -&ULI slppu
comb (v.) -ffa/ sivu {Sai, 9sSl)
come (v.i.) -comedy (n.) -
nagaicchuvai nddagam comedian (n.) —
QarfLoneH kSmali, sSisnseSl vikadakavi
comic (adj.) -QsnLDfTe^^^asTLDfTesr kdmalitthanamdna, si5)<BL_iD/ri5W vikadamana, ^liiuurresr sirippana
comically (adv.) -kdmalitthammaga
comicalness (n.) -komalitthanam
comfort (in life) (n.) -*S l i i sugam
comfortable (adj.) -SrSLDrrem sugamana
comfortably (adv.) -•S^SLDITS sugamaga
comfort (pleasant state) -a/ff^@ vasathi
comfortable (adj.) -euf^iurrssT vasathiyana
comfort (console) (v.t.) -G^pgU therru (Ggpnj, G^prgf); ^piru arru {^pp, ^psH)
comfort (consolation) (n.) -^%gll^eO aruthal
comforting (consoling) (adj.) -^^j^^eurrm SruthalSna
command (n.) — t ^ c ^ o s w drtai
command (v.t.) — ^es)<smu5l(St anaiyidu
-g)L.®); siLt_e!nsrru51Qi kattalaiyidu
command (n.) — ^^arrrria athigSram
comment (on) (v.) -eSlerrssiexjenp- ^efH vUakkavurai all (- ^aSffiffl, -
coBomerce (n.); trade -eSlturrurrpTLh viyabaram
committee (n.) -kulu, ffonu sabai
28.
common (adj.); public; usual -QuiT^(eiirresr) potliu(vana)
communicate (v.) —
(seythi) thodarbu kol (- Qanenerr, - Q^iremdl)
companion (n.) -G^fTLpasT tholan (m.), G^fT^ thBlJ(f.), fgeierueir nanban (m.)
companionship (n.) -G^lTLpemLD tholamai
company (business, industry) -
tholir kudam compare (v.t.); contrast— e^Ul3® oppldu {^UISL-., ^ U L S I L . ® ) )
compared to, than -sjL;Lf(51«3iffiu5)sb oppidukaiyil, e^uiS\iLi—aeo oppittal, aSIl— vida
comparison (n.); contrast -e^uLSQ\
compete (v.i.) -GumLlS).uSl(S> pottiyidu {-§11-^ -g)L-®)
competition (n.); contest -GumLln. potti
complete (v.L); finish -(ipi^- mu4i ((tPt9-««, Qfiut-^gl)
be completed (v.i.); e n d -(Lpuf. mudi (gpifi", (ipii^Sl)
complete (adj.) — (Lplq.exinesT mudivdna
completely (adv.) -(Lp(Lgi^lJD muluthum
be completed (v.i) -(LpppuQugU murra-p-peru (-Qup, -Qupjfi)
completely (adv.), entirely -(tpipgllLh murrum
a l l ( u . ) -(LppgilLD murrum
comproinise (n.) -samarasa inakkam
compromise (v.) -samarasa inakkam sey
'go for a compromise' (v.) -t^^^uGurr otthu-p-po
computation ^n.); accounts -aismA(g, kanakku
concern (n.); care; worry — dssi/ssisu kavalai
29
c o n c e r n i n g ; abou t — un)^ parri
wli ich c o n c e r n s -
unj^uj parriya c o n c e r t (n.) -
•SffGfflfl kaccheri c o n d e m n (v. t . ) ; a c c u s e -
k u i r a m s a t t u (- mi' .1 ,, - sFnLis).)
c o n d e m n (v. t . ) , s e n t e n c e -
thirppu kuru (- aiJT), - <Kxff51)
c o n d i t i o n (n . ) ; qua l i ty ; n a t u r e -
^sirsjriLD thanmai
c o n d i t i o n ; s ta te ; s i tua t ion -fflfflnci) nilai,
rflaneoanLD nilaimai
c o n d u c t (n . ) ; b e h a v i o r -IBl—^es)^ nadatthai, [Sl—euts^sanx nadavadikkai
c o n f e r (v.i.) -
kalanthu pesu . (- Gu0, - GuS\)
c o n f e r e n c e (n.) -seo^^mhs^ kalanthayvu
c o n f i d e n c e ; bel ief ; h o p e -
rgliiLSIsieins; nambikkai
c o n f i r m (v. t . ) -G]<y(U uruthi sey
(- Qa^iiiiu, - Qa^tiigi) c o n f l i c t (n.) -
a=essranL- saitdai c o n f u s i o n (n.) -
(^LpuULD kulappam c o n f u s e (o the r s ) (v.t .) -
(SjLpULI kulappu i(S!fiuu, ©yjuLS)
b e c o n f u s e d (v.i .) -(glfiLDLj kulambu (oyiLou, ©tpiitil)
c o n f u s i o n ; d e l u s i o n ; f a i n t i n g — LDIUSSLD mayakkam
c o n f u s e ( v . t ) ; c h a r m -LDUJS(g mayakku (ujlUffiffi, wiusSf)
b e c o n f u s e d (v. i . ) -LDtUBl^ mayahgu
c o n g r a t u l a t e (v.L) — unrjiriLQi pSrsm juiriTiri'I , un j r / r t l i f ) ; • eurrijp^fftl valtthu
30
c o n g r a t u l a t i o n ( s ) (n.) — urrrxniL® pSrSttu, evrrifi0^ valtthu
c o n g r a t u l a t o r y (adj.) -eurrip^^LD valjthum
c o n n e c t ( s th . ) ( v . t ) ; s t r i n g ( b e a d s , e tc . ) -
Q^nQi thodu (Q^/r(5i<ffiffi, Q0fT(S)0^)
c o i m e c t (v . t . ) -S)sff)S53r Inal
g e t c o n n e c t e d (v . i . ) , j o i n — ^ s m s s w Inal (fflsnsranu, 1
c o n n e c t i o n (n.) — ^S)ns55rsi / Inalvu
c o n q u e r ; t r i u m p h ; s u c c e e d -Qeueo vel (Glsususu, fflsucnwu)
c o n s i d e r (v . t . ) ; t h i n k — [ilanasr ninal (jDensaas, ^anssr^g;); iof(SSST<oCS)i ennu (ffTfasaitoOor, STSOTTGlSlrf?)
c o n s i d e r ( v . ) ; t h i n k — • 3 5 ® ^ karuthu
c o n s t i t u t e (v. t . ) -^es)LD amal
(,^s!nu)<a:<s, ^Ginw^^)\
'^ipuQl^gJ erpadutthu
(-U(S)^iS, -u(Si$^) b e c o n s t i t u t e d (v. i . ) —
^emLD amal
c o n s t i t u t i o n ; i n s t i t o t i o n -^emLDUL) amalppu
c o n s t r u c t (v . t . ) ; c o n s t i t u t e -^ss)LD amat
c o n s t r u c t i o n (n.) — ^es)LDULj amaippu
c o n s t r u c t (v . t . ) -(KLL(51 kattu (fflili-, «L.u).)
c o n s t r u c t i o n ( b u i l d i n g ) -sU-Uf-l—LD kattldam
c o n t a i n ( v . t ) ; c o n t r o l -= g i / z _ « ( g adakku i^i-sa, ^ i _ « S ) )
c o n t e s t (n . ) ; c o m p e t i t i o n — GutTlLl^. potti
c o n t i n e n t (n.) -a j s w i — i i kaTidam
c o n t i n u a l (adj . ) -QsSfTl-.p'S=fflUJITeU thodarcchlydna
31
continuation (n.) -Q^au-P'g:^ thodarcchi
continue (v.); pursue -Q ^ f T i - f f thodar
contract (n.); agreement -(^UU^siLD oppantham
control (v.t.); contain -adakku
control (n.) -^^SfTrrLD dthikaram
convenience (n.)", comfort— eU3=^ vasathi
convenient; comfortable -eVtS^iLirresT vasathiyana
conveniently (adv.) -i^ff^iunsi vasathiyaga
convention (n.); meeting —
avLLt_Lo kuttam
cook (a meal) (v.t.) -
ffmiD sainai (ffsaiU)ia5, x T s n u i ^ ^ )
be cooked (y.i.) -
cook (n.) -
samaiyalkdrar
cooking (n.) — S^emLDlueo samaiyal
cool (temp.) (adj.) -
@srflir(/5^) kulirintha)
coolness (n.) -
(gsrSjrCSJDLD) kulir(mai)
cool veater (n.) -
pacchai-t-thannir
cool down (v.); calm down -
am ( ^ p , ^ j S )
coolie (daily wage) (n.) -ifc.siS) k u l i
coolie (worker) (n.) - * ai^eStiunea kuiiyal
co-operate (v.i.) — Sk.^.3=GlffUJ kudicchey
co-operative (adj.) -snaLL^aan kattana
co-operatively (adv.) — 9ijL.l—!TSi kuttaga
co-operation (n.) — asul(5)peiy kamravu
co-operatively (adv.) -«iXl(J)ff3QJ/r6S kutturavaga
copper (n.); water pot -Qs^LDi-l sembu
32
copper (made of) (adj.) — QsFULj seppu
copy (in writing) (v.t.) -
pdrtthu eluthu
(- CTcjp^, - 6I(y)^) copy (n.), duplicate -
/jiSisb nagal comer (n.); angle -
ftpssisu mulai,
QsnreniTLD konam
corporation (n.); association; political party —
tSSLp^LD kalagam
correct (adj.); fme; yes -fflfl sari,
3=rfliufrs>sr sariyana
correct (v . t ) -iFlfliurrsfg sariyakku
(-«?(,««, - ^ « S ) correct (v.t.) -
^(!5^§1 thirutthu
correction (n.) — ^qg^^LD thiruttham
correct (adj.) -^Q^^^LDfTssr thiruuhamana
correctly (adv.) -^Q^^^lMirm thirutthamaga
cost (n.), price -GiSlsmsD vilai
cot (n.) — «llt^(sb kattil
cotton (wool) (n.) -U(^a paHju
couch (n.) -
a^rTUjinn'ssnh sayamanam
cough (v.i.) -
§l(!S(iP (g)(5">. g)®!^)
cough (n.) -^ ( T g L D S U irumal
could (aux. v.) -(LpUf.iLlLh mudiyum
couldn't (aux. v.) -(Lplsf.UJrT^ mudiySthu
count ( v . t ) ; t h i n k -6Tiss5r@!/ ennu
(ffTSOTrew, ffTcwrcirafl)
country; inhabited land — IBrrQl nadu,
Q^ffLD dhesam
couple (n.); pair — G^mq. jodi
courage (n.) -em^lfiujLD dhairiyam
33
courageous (adj) -
m^MiULDftesr dhairiyainana
courageously (adv.) -
an^ifliULDrTiS dhairiyamaga
court (of law) ( n . ) -^^LDSupLD nithimanram
cover (n.) -g p t ^ mudi
cover (v.t.); close-g p ( 5 ) mudu {(tpu, ftoif)
be covered (v.i.); closed -QpiSj-uSlq^ mudiyiru (-g)C!5««. -^KSmi)
cow (n.) -( J * pasu
coward (n.) -GxrTsmLp kolai,
uiuaJSiTe/H payangdli
cowardly (adj.) -
QsnTanLpiutTssr kolaiySna,
^fffQpefTen acchamulla crash down and smash (v.i.) -
vilunthu norungu (- Qtsni^ma, - Gl^irgniiiS)
craziness (n.); foolishness -anu^^iULD paitthiyam
crazy (adj.); foolish —
paitthiyamana
create (v.t.); effect-akku
s^einTL^rTSifQ undakku
(-=?i««, -^S*®) create (v.t.) -
a-essrCpiueisresmi undupannu
creature (n.) -
uyiri(nam}
crime (n.); f a u l t -
@j)/r)Lb kurram
criminal (n.) -
@p/DSU/T«S kurravali
criminal (adj.) -(gippOpeiiTerT kiirramulla
crisis (n.) -QrBd^s&LS^ nerukkadi
critical t ime (n.); emergency -
nerukkadi nilai
critical (adj.) -
nerukkadiydna
34
criticize (v.t.) — (gippLb sarrsisr kurram kan
( - «(7-6Mr, - asm&y,
OSILDPI^ vimarshi
(oStog-^ffiffl, O S L D ^ S ) ^ ^ )
critic (n.) — aSli£)/r<?ffiSsr vimarshagan
critical review (n.) -aSliop'S^esTLh vimarshanam
crop(s) (n.) -uuSiJ- payir
crore (ten million) -G^fTU}, kodi
cross (over) (v.t.) -i S i _ kada
(<3;/_«ffi, « L _ ^ ^ ) ;
(gffUisOffi (Burr kurukke po
(- QUITS;, - Quniij}
crossing (n.); junction — s^^^LJLj santhippu
crow (n.) -srraih kagam,
arraema kakkai
crowd (n.) -
<SfcllL_£ii kUttam
cruel (adj.) -Q:XrT(^e<nLDiuiTesT
kodumaiyana
cruelly (adv.) -
kodumaiyaga
cruelty (n.) -G\si!rQ\e>!)LD kodumai
crush (v.t.) -(o);5/rffy<s5@ nomkku
(£)^/7gy<s«, GjisngumS)); fSariX(g nasukku
be crushed (v.i.) -QrBn^iingi norungu (QfiiTDimia, QisrrnjjiijSl)
get crushed (v.i.) -rBaraj(^ nasuhgu
cry (v.i.) -^(Lp alu i^ip, ^dp^)
crying (n.) -^(Lfiems alugai
cuckoo (n.) — (g,tiSiec kuyil
culture (n.) -aeonffmrjLD kalaccharam,
uemurrQl panbadu cultured person (n.) -
usmurretrp' panbalar curds (n.) -
^ilSiir thayir
35
cure (v.L) -
gunappadutthu
(ffjeswu^rtafffi gunamSkku
( - ^ « « , -^ff ig) )
custom (n.); h a b i t -
euLpAxib (uLpAsLD) valakkam (palakkain)
D dai ly (adj.) -
^ £ 5 7 dhina
dai ly (adv.) -
^a!r(LpLD dhinamum
' d a i l y ' (newspaper) (n.) -
^ms=fil dhinasari
d a m (n.) -
\^S3)S3!ir(ffia5Ll(5l)
anai(-k-kattu) d a m (v.t.) -
^ s m s K s r aiLQi anai kattu (- <SL-I_, - dSL.^.)
damage (n.); in jury —
Q<S(5)^sl) keduthal
l i a r i id i i l (adj.) -
Qa(^^etin'ew keduthalana
hannful ly (adv.) -
QsQi^eona keduthalaga
be damaged (v. i . ) , spoi led -
QaQt kedu {Qsi-, QxiL®)
damage (v.t. ) ; s p o i l -
Q6!(51 fed«(5)«Sl««, Qs&0gi) d a m p (adj.), w e t -
FFlTLDlTesr iramana
dampness (n.), wetness -
FFfTLD iram
dance (v. i . ) ; move -
=^(5) Sdti ( ^ L . , ^uj.)
dance (n.) -
^ L L L — L D attam
dance (v.) -
rsL—SSTLDirQl nadanamddu
(-•«.'-. -^'4-') danger ; calamity; accident -
^ U 0 ^ abatthu
dange r (n.) -
^urriULD abayam
dangerous (adj.) —
abayagaramana
d a r k (adj.) —
^qgemi— irunda,
^ ( T J l l l — f f s s r iruttana
darkness (n.) —
^ ( T J O T irul,
sq^emLD karumai
36
date (day) ( n . ) -
thethi
d a u g h t e r (n,) -
i D « e r r magal
d a u g h t e r - i n - l a w (n.) -
LD(J^LD£SWT marumagal
iaym ( o f day) (v.i.) —
sSlu^ vidi ( aS^ iu , nS t j j s^ )
daTO (n.) -
eSluj-iueo vidiyal
d a y b r e a k (n.) , early m o r n i n g -
e^Uj-iuparremeii vidiyarkdlai
day ( o f the week) (n.) -SiLpemLD kilamai
day (24 hrs.) (n.) -
/STsfr nal
day a f t e r t o m o r r o w -
/5/ren'S3r£3i/j)«(g nalanraikku
day be f o re yes te rday -
(Lpp^rrrsrrefr munthandl
(on) that day -^eir^ anru,
^eiranps(g anraikku
dead (adj.) -
Qa=^Si settha
l i feless (adj.) -
a_u5)p" ^ d ) G O / r ^ uyir illatha
dea f (adj.) -
Qs^eSll^nesr seviddna,
kdthu keldtha
dea f p e r s o n (n.) —
(ol<yffl5)z_/r sevidar
[ - i_6ir (m. ) , -Hi. ( f . ) ] ,
kdthu keldthavar [-susir (m.) , -eurfr (f. ) ]
d e a t h (n.) -
LarjemiS) maranam d e a t h (n.) ; funeral -
ff/rsy sdvu
debate (n.) -
eSieiinaiLD vivdthain
debate (v.) -
eSlsun^ vivathi
decide (v.) -
^irUDfTesfl thlrmdni
(^(TU)/TSDfl«<s, ^^wrTesfl0§i)
dec ided ly (adv.) -
^P'LDfTesTLCifTS tklrmanamdga
dec i s i on ( i n l aw ) ; j u d g m e n t -
^prLDiresTLD thlrmdnam,
^ifuq thlrppu,
g/>t4-Sy mUdivu
37
d e c i s i v e ( a d j . ) -
thirmanamana,
QpLq-euireu mudivdm
d e c l a r e ( v . ) -
^^<sS} arivi
d e e p ( a d j . ) -
^LpLorrssr alamdna
p r o f o u n d ( a d j . ) -
^ip^es dlntha
t h e ' d e e p ' ( s e a , o c e a n ) -
^IpLD dlam
d e e r ( n . ) -
LDrrek man
d e f e a t ( n . ) -
Q^aeoeSl tholvi d e f e a t ( i n c o m p e t i t i o n ) ( v . t . ) -
G^fTip^iLq. thorkadi
( S ^ i r p a s i f «ffi, CS0iTpaui.0gi)
d e f e n d ( v . t . ) -
mrruufrn)^ kappdrru
(siTUUirprp, amJuiTpiSiy,
suTQjeo QiFtu kaval sey
(- G}ffiuiu, - Qffdi^)
d e f i c i t ( n . ) -
^anrp{sif) kurai(vu)
s c a r c i t y ( n . ) ; s h o r t a g e -
LipprTS(Qas)ip parrdkkurai
d e f i c i e n t ( a d j . ) -
^anpeiinasr kuraivdna
i n s u f f i c i e n c y ( n . ) -
(^anrps^ffeo kuraicchal
i n s u f f i c i e n t ( a d j . ) -
kuraicchaldna,
(gsmpfigj kuraintha
i n s u f f i c i e n t l y ( a d v . ) -
kuraicchaldga
d e f i n i t e ( a d j . ) —
^ L - i _ 6 1 / L L . l i ( - c ^ l S w ) thittavattam(dna),
•xsssrujjjun'sisr kandippdna,
aiLi—rriULDrresr kattSyamana
d e f i n i t e l y ( a d v . ) -
sessruf-uurrs;
kandippaga,
kattayam(aga)
d e f i n i t e n e s s ( n . ) ; c e r t a i n t y -
aiLL^rriULD kattdyam
d e g r e e ( s t a g e , l e v e l ) ( n . ) — Ut4- padi
38
d e g r e e ( n . ) , d i p l o m a , h o n o r -
uCl—LO pattam d e i t y ( n . ) , G o d -
Qi^iLKSULa dheyvam
d e l a y ( n . ) -
ffitTLD^LD thdmatham
d e l a y e d ( a d j . ) -
^ma^LDfTesr thamathamana
d e l a y i n g l y ( a d v . ) -
^nLD^Lonsi thdmathamaga
d e l a y ( v . L ) -
thdmatham sey
(- Qa^iiiiu, - Qs^iugi)
d e l a y ( v . ) ; t a r r y -
^mJD^ thdmathi
d e l e g a t e ( n . ) -
LSIrr^fff^ pirathinithi
d e l e g a t i o n ( n . ) -
^£im(g(Lp dhuthukkulu
d e l i g h t ( l u ) ; h a p p i n e s s —
^skutM inbam
d e l u s i o n ; c o n f u s i o n ; f a i n t i n g -
U X U f f i S t b mayakkam
d e l u d e ( v . t ) ; c h a r m —
Li)UJS(g mayakku
b e d e l u d e d ( v . i . ) -
LDUJlij(g mayangii
d e m a n d ( v . t . ) -
C « s f r kel ( G f f i L . « , SsC.&)
d e n i a l ( n . ) ; p r o t e s t -
L O f f j y u L / maruppu
d e n o t e ( v . t . ) ; m a r k -
@n5) kuri (si&^gi)
d e n o u n c e ( v . L ) -
(^ppLD'fmLQi kurram-sdttu
(-a^m'.t ., - y m ' iq);
(QppLDSfTeiw kurram-kdn
(-«(rsMr, -««iSn-®)
d e n y ( v . t ) , d i s a g r e e w i t h -
LOffy maru (u)nj/««, uigij^gi)
d e p a r t ( v . i . ) -
LjipLILlQl purappadu
( L / p t J u L , L / p u u t l g ) ) ;
Gurr po ((Surrs, Gurtdj)
d e p a r t m e n t ( n . ) ; s e c t o r -
^einp thurai
d e p e n d o n ( v . ) -
S'trp' sar {mir, a^nd^gi)
d e p e n d e n t ( a d j . ) -
arrpi^s^ sdmtha
d e p e n d e n t ( n . ) -
s^n^^^euesT sdmthavan
39
deplore (v.t.) -
varuttham therivi (- ffl^Maa, - Q^iHsSI^)
deposit (n.); advance —
QpasTuemLD mun-panam
depth (n.) -c^Lpii Slam
descend from (v.i.); get down • ^(pai(S irangu (g)fD(5/ffi, gjjDiugl)
descend (v.i.); become humble -
^fryi thai (^(Ttp, fiiTjf^)
descent (n.) -
^psxiJD irakkam describe (v.t.) -aSsu/fl vivarl (eSlojiflma, •^aifH^gi)
description (n.) -eSleuflLD vivaram
informative (adj.) -eSleuiXLDrTeisr vivaramana
informatively (adv.) — eSieiirjLDrTS vivaramaga
desert (n.) -un'«!nsu(sus3TU)) palai(vanam}
design (n.); plan -@LLL_UD thittam
design (v.t.); plan -^L-I—LB® thittamidu (-g)t_, - g ) L . 0 )
desire (n.); eagerness -
^fflnff asai, eSl(r^uULD viruppam
- desirable (adj.) -^es)ffiunstsr asaiyana, eSlq^LJULarresc viruppamana
passionately (adv.) -^ms^iutra asaiyaga
desire (aux. v.); want; need -(Seuemt^Lb vendum
don't desire, don't need — GeuessTL^fTLD vendam
desired (thing) (n.) -eS](t^LDi3uj {Qurrq^efr) virumbiya (porul),
vendiya( thu) desist (v.i.); cease -
siS)(5) vidu (aS)i_, OSLSI) desk (small); t a b l e -
mesai (mejai)
40
destroy (v.t.) — ^if all {^iflas, ^ifl0Si)
be destroyed (v.i.) — all i^ifltu, ^if^gi)
destruct ion (n.) -^ifleij aljvu
detaU(s) (n.); amplif ication-aSsujTU) vivaram
determinat ion (n.); firmness — s^giJ^ uruthi
develop (v.i.); evolve -€ipu(St erpadu
develop (v.t.) -erpuQl^g] erpadutthu (.^puSi0fi, ?r|pu®^@)
development (production) -aupu^^ urpatthi
development (growth) (n.) -evLpprff^ valarcchi
device (implement, instrument) S(QeSi karuvi
device (trick, strategem) -tt/a;^ yukthi
dew (n.); fog; mist — Ussfl pani
dict ionary (n.) — ^sp'fT^ agaradhi
die (v.i.) -ira (g)!Dffi«, g ) p 0 ^ )
die (w/ ref. to animals) (v.i.) -
d i e ( v . ) -Qff^^ Qurr setthu po (- GuiTs, - Gurriii)
differ (v.i.); be different-GeiJgUuQi verupadu
difference (n.) -GajgyL//r(5) verupadu
difference (n.) -(Scupffj/fflnLD verrumai
different (adj.) -G s w y veru
differentiate (v.) -
verupadutthu (-u0^«s, - u ® ^ )
difficult (adj.) -aUf-esTLDiresr kadinamana, •xet^l^LDlTesr kashtamdna
difficulty (n.); trouble -SLSf-esriJa kadinam, sei^L—ia kashtam
dig (v.t.) -G^fTeisrQt thondu (G^/rsrari_, G^nessru).)
41
dinner (party) -e&q^^^ virunthu
direct (v.t); manage -rBl—^§! nadatthu
direct (adj.) -Qlsi^lU neriya
directly (adv.) -GfsGp' nere
direction (compass) (n.) -^<5@ dhikku, ^es)s: thisai
dirt (n.) -^a^^LD asuttham
dirfy (adj.) -^a^^LDiresr asutthamana
dirt; dirty laundry -alukku
dirty (adj.) -^ ( t p s s f f s w alukkana
disappear (v.i.); be hidden -LDsmp marai
make disappear (v.t); hide -Loemp marai (wempss, iiiBnip^gi)
disappearance (n.) -LDonpeij maraivu
disappoint (v.t.) -sjLD/r/Dnj; Smdrru (,^LD/Tipp, STLDirprgl)
disappointment (n.) -(^LDfTppLh emarram
disappointing (adj.) -•^LDfTppLDfTew emarramana
disappointingly (adv.) -^LdfrppLDrrs emdrramaga
discover (v.t.); invent -•semQilSlUf. kandupidi
discovery (a.); invention -XSSSrQlLSIuj.LJLI
kandupidippu • disease (n.); illness -
(5/5/nu noy
dismiss (v.t.) -
/f<S@ nlkku (jfAs,/?«©)
dismiss f rom service (v.) -
velaiyilirunthu nlkku (- /^««, - ^ai^)
disposition (n.); nature -^Ujpes)S iyarkai, Lassrs'mp'Ll manaccharbu
dispute (n.); debate -sSleurreiLD vivdtliam
42
dispute (v.i.) -eSleurr^ vivdthi
distance (n.) -^p'LD dhuram, Q^rTsmeoeij tholaivu
distant (adj.); f a r -^[TLDfTssr dhuramana, Q^fTsnewsufrsw tholaivana
distribution (n.) -
pagirntiialitthal, uiijS(St pangidu
district (n.) — LDrrajC-l—LD mavattam
disturb (incovenience) (v.t.) -«SU65(S5 kalakku (ffiSOffiffi, « 6U «S )
disturbance (inconvenience) -Q^rr/B^jTisy thontharavu
disturbance (psychol.) -asuffiiBtb kalakkam
disturbed (adj.); confused-SGtiadlMrrasT kalakkamSna
anxiously (adv.) -sieoaiawaa kalakkamaga
be disturbed (v.i.); be stirred -6 5 S U ( S J @ kalahgu
dive (v.i.), submerge; drown -mulgu {fifiifis, (tpifiSi)
dive (n.); emersion -(Lp(LpS(^ mulukku
divide (v.t.); separate-iSlfl piri (£5)rfi«ffi, iS/i)^^)
be separated (v.i.); depart-LS/A piri {iSifluj, iSli^pgi)
division (n.) — iSlfleij pirivu
divide (v.t.); classify -iSK@ vagu (sucgaa, ffu®^^)
division (n.); class — eu^uLj vaguppu
division (n.); por t i on-eumsi vagai
divine (holy); 'Mr. ' -^ ( 5 thiru
do (v.t.) -Qa^iu sey (Q*iuiu, Q^iugi)
do (v.t.); make -U S W ^ U pannu (usrarswr, uasreanfl)
doctor (med.) (n.) -LDQ^^^exjp' marutthuvar
docimient (n.) -u^^rrih patthiram
dog (n.) -
rsmu nay
43
doU (n.) -Qumhes)LD bommai
donkey (n.) -S(Lges)^ kaluthai
door (n.) -a^eij kathavu
doorway; entrance; gateway -
eunsfeo vasal
dot (n.); spot; p o i n t -
doubt (n.) -ffijGssffili santhegam
doubt (v.i.) -
santhegappadu ( - L / i _ , -utLQi)
doubt (v.t.) -ff^Q^Sl santhegi
doubtful (adj.) -ffjsG^tSLO/Tsar santhSgamana
doubtfully (adv.) -ff^Q^enLDn'S santhegamaga
dove (n.), pigeon -
qjDfr pura
drag (v.t.); p u l l -
g)(y) ilu (g)(ai««, ^(<£0m)
drama (n.), play -Ism^SLD nadagam
dream (n.) -acsrsy kanavu
d r i n k (v.t.) -
g5t^ kudi ((5^.ffi«, gii;.^^)
drive (a vehicle) (v.t.) -Qff&il0^ seliitthu
drive (vehicle, boat, animals) -911(51 OttU ( 9 L . 1 _ , glltlf.) .
driver (of a vehicle) (n.) -«gL.(5)swp- ottunar
drop (n.); particle -QfffTL-Qi sottu
drown, die by drowning — mulgu
(aDy>«. aotfiS)); SPyj® mulgu ira (- - •
dry (v.i.); wither; become hot -SfTtu kay {^aniu, arnu^gi)
dry (v.t.) -aintuesvsu kayavai
dry (adj.), dried -SfTiii^^ kayntha, 0[nBisoeoiT^ iramillatha
44
dry (by wiping) (v.t.) -g]sS)L- thudal (^£ini_««,
duck (n.) -<^a^§l vatthu
during, while -
neratthinidaiye, aga,
rseini—Qu^LDQufTQ^^ nadaiperumpoluthu
dust (n.) -^ f f l thusi
dusty (adj.) -uu^^ thusi padintha
duty (n.); obligation -
kadamai
E each (adj.) ^
e^ajQeiHT(i^ ovvoru one by one (persons) (pron.) —
s^suQeun^f^eui! ovvoruvar
one by one (things) (adv.) -
ovvonrdga eager (adj.) —
^eineFiUITesr dsaiydna
eagerness (n.) -^ s j i i c asai
eagerly (adv.) -^es]ffiun:s; asaiyaga
ear (n.) -arrgil kathu
earring (n.) -exianefTiULD valaiyam
ear ornament (n.) -Sin^emfl kathani
ear stud (n.) -asiiLDSU kammal,
G^n-(51 thodu early (before time) (adv.) -
(tpewssTas/TcSsGsi/ munnathagave, ^aSltXinns slkkiramaga
early (beginning time) (adv.) -
dramba-kalathiya early (adv.) -
Grs[r^G^fT(S\(Lp^^iu munthiya,
athi-kalaiyil (in early mom) earn (v.t.) -
fflhun^ sambathi
45
earnings (n.) -
sambatthiyam,
ffLDUevih
sambalatn
earth (soil) (n.) -LDsm man,
lilsOLD nilam (ground) earth (planet) (n.) -
y i i ) bumi,
a_si)i5Lb ulagam
ease (n.); easiness -* 2 U U t i sulabam
easy (adj.); easier-SriSiiULDnem sulabamana
easily (adv.) -ffrSVULDfT^S sulobamSga
east(n.), the east-SlLpa(g kilakku
eastern (adj.) -gy) kil,
kilakku samtha to/in the east -
S)g)«(5<B kilakke
eat (have a meal) (v.) -ffrruiSiQi sSppidu
eat (snack) (v.); & of animals -^ S 3 T thin (gJOTsar, ^sirgij)
eat (v.); drink-S-SSSr un (a_«inrsirar, !i.^(£i)
economic (thrifty or brief) -^SySsmmxei! sikkanamana
economically (thriftily, briefly) ^ i S i S G s r L D n ' i S sikkanamaga
economize (v.) -
sikkanappadutthu
economy (thrift or brevity) -^saasTLB sikkanam
edge (n.); s ide-e^CTLD Oram
editor (n.); author; teacher-asiriyar
educate (v.t.) -aeoeSliusfh kalviyali
education; learning; study -asoeSl kalvi
effect (v.t.); make; create -akku (,^««, ^«®)
effect (n.); produce; gain -ueuesT palan
efficient (adj.) -^fpeminiqefrefT thiramaiyulla
46
efDciently (adv.); neatly -^paniDtunai thiramaiyaga
effort (n.); perseverence --(Lfiiurrp^ muyarchi
effortless (adj.) -3i<scULa[Te«T sulabamana
effortlessly (adv.) -3MULDfT<X sulabamaga
egg (chicken's) (n.) -(LpiLanL- muttai
eggplant (brinjal) (n.) -s^^i^dSfTiij katthirikkay
eight (n. or adj.) -STL.(5l ettu
eighth (n. or adj.) -'^iLi—rreugj ettavathu, S T L L I —Z T L O ettam (adj. only)
eighteen (n. or adj.) -L/^QiSiI7il(5) pathinem
• eighteenth (n. or adj.) — QasTLLi^tTeij0
pathinettavathu,
pathinettam (adj. only) eighty (n. or adj.) —
sremu^ enbathu
eightieth (n. or adj.) -
enbathavathu,
wremu^nin enbatham (adj.) either (conj.) -
ex^rraj^ ethavathu
'either of them' — ^si/0-<ss»Bsu lurrirrTeu^ avargalil yaravathu
'Either he or I will go." -
iBnQswn (SunQeiimh. avard allathu nana povom.
eldest (son, daughter) (adj.) -^ ^ ^ 5 mUttha
elect (v.L); select; choose — (3^(7750^5(51 thernthedu
(-6T(i)ffi«, -eT(Sl0gl) election (n.) — Q^Cr^eo therthal
electricity (n.) -LSlasris^nrTLD) min(saram)
elephant (n.) — lUITisnesr yanai
eleven -
pathinonrii (n.),
pathindr(u) (adj.)
47
eleventh (n . or adj.) -
pathinoravathu,
pathinoram (adj . only)
else (different) (adj.) -
QstJ(t^ veru
elsewhere (adv.) -
veru engenum embarrass ing (adj .) ;
troublesome -
ffliiai—LDrfenT sahgadamana
embarrassment (n . ) ; trouble -
ffsilSL^LD sahgadam '
emerge ( v . i . ) ; get u p ; a w a k e -
<oT(L^ elu (ertp, ^(Lg^gl)
emergency ( n . ) ; hur ry , haste -
^euffp'LO avasaram
emot ion (n.) —
manavelucchi,
manakkilarcchi employ (v.) -
GexianeouSlec ^LD^0^ velaiyil amartthu (- usi^, - ^m^)
emptiness ( n . ) ; b l a n k -Qsi/gyssiLD verumai
e m p t y (adj . ) ; mere -QeuguanLDiurresr verumaiyana,
Q s L w y i i i verum
e n d ( n . ) ; last; final -
iBSJf)L- f f l . kadaisi
e n d (come to an end) (v . i . ) -
(J-pis^ mudi
end ( n . ) ; d e c i s i o n -
Qpis^Sij mudivu
e n d u r e ( v . i . ) ; sustain -fini5](Q thangu
e n d u r e ( v . t . ) ; w a i t — QufTgi] poru
e n e m y (n.) -
S T ^ / f l ethiri,
io7 ir/rs>S ethirali
energy ( n . ) ; p o w e r —
shakthi
enforce (v . t ) —
kattayappadutthu
48
engine (n.) -lU^^rriM yanthiram
e n j o y (v . t . ) -[T^ rasi (jjSsa, n^^gi);
(inborn) anubavi
e n j o y m e n t (n.) -
^ C T j / u s i / i i ) anubavam,
ff^G^rreifLO santhosham
e n j o y a b l e (adj .) -
santhdshamana e n m i t y (n.) —
uems pagai,
sSiQrXT^LD virdtham e n o u g h ; suff ic iency (n . ) -
Qurr^ia pothum,
poihumanathu e n o u g h (ad j . ) ; suf f ic ient —
GufT^LDfTew pothumana n o t e n o u g h ; insuf f ic iency (n.)
GurrfilT§} pothathu e n t e r (v .) —
^es)Lfi nalai
S-shQerT Gun ulle po (- Q U I T S , - Qurtiii)
make enter ( v . L ) ; poke -^eiriLp nulai
(giesiLpss,
e n t e r (v .) -
4 © P^S^ i-i®m) enter (a vehic le) ( v . ) ; ascend -
SJgU eru (5m), ^rji))
e n t h u s i a s m (n.) —
,^j^ffLlLD arvam, S-pmsih urchagam
e n t i r e (adj . ) ; w h o l e -
( i p ( y ) mulu, ^Sieo akila,
(Lp(Lg§lLDITSST muluthumana
e n t r a n c e ; d o o r w a y , gateway -
si;/r<ysu vasal
e n v i r o n m e n t (n.) -
( ^ s j n t p sulai
envy (n . ) ; j ea lousy —
QunipnmLD poramai
e q u a l i t y ( n . ) ; evenness -
s^LDLD samam
e q u a l (adj.) -
5=LD sama,
ffLDLdirasT samamana
e q u a l l y (adv.) —
3=LDLDrTai samamaga
49
equalize ( v . t ) ; make equal -ffLDLDn'S(g samamdkku
equal (v.); resemble -
equal (adj.) -
'S^UUrresT oppana equal ly (adv.) -
e^ULma oppaga equipment (n.) -
&.usp-emLD upakaranam era (n.); season; t ime -
eatreoLn kalam escape (n.) -
s^UiSl^sseo thappitthal, §ULl sgL_fib thappu odal
escape (v.) -
^ULl thappu {0UU, ^uiS); £BULS thappi (^uiSss, ^ I J L S I ^ ) ;
thappi(tthu) odu (- g L , - gq.)
especial (adj.); important -(LpsS}uJLDfTeu mukkiyamana
especially (adv.), specially -(LpeSliULDfTS mukkiyamaga
estab l ish ( v . t ) ; i n s t a l l -rsmL(S) nam (jsm'.i_, rgrriljj).)
es tab l i shment , organizat ion — ^emLDLJLj amaippu
est imate (v.t.) -(X)@ mathi
IM^ULSQ) mathippidu ( - i ) ' - . - g ) i l ® )
e s t i m a t i o n (n.); value -
LD^uq mathippu, LD^ULSQt mathippidu
even (equal) (adj.); s m o o t h -
ePLDLDrrsnT samamana even (adv.) ; also -
a s u _ kii4a, -P I'n -urn even t h o u g h (conj.) —
^asTrroilLD analum
even t h e n , nevertheless —
eTeJrprreoiLD enralum
even ing (4 p .m . t i l l dark) -
muj!S]STTS0ls> sayahgalam
even ing (general) -
s^fTiLl^^p'LD sayanthiram
even ing ; garland, n e c k l a c e -
inrretneo mdlai
50
evenness (n.); equal i ty -ffLULD samam
event (n.) -s=LDUeuLD sambavam, / ^ f f i i p f f ^ nigalcchi
ever (adv.) -eruGun^LD eppothum, loT&sTenipsiiQLCi enraikkum
eve r las t ing (adj.) -
nirantharamana every (adj.) -
«^sijQeL/n'(f5 ovvoru
everyone (pron.) -STSuGsufr(75ti) ellSrum, s^ajQe)jrr(i^e)j(§uy ovvoruvarum
e v e r y t h i n g (pron.) -sTsbsu/r i i elldm,
^si/Qsiy/rssTgy/i ovvonrum
e v e r y w h e r e (adv.) ; wherever -«Tffi/(gib ehgum, eriilGxiLjli} engeyum, ^ISJStEjQa angange
ev idence (n.) -OTSSWU sanru,
miL&\
ev iden t (adj.) -
Q^e/Hexjrrmr thelivana ev i l (n.) ; h a r m -
^ss)LD thlmai, QsiQi^eO keduthal
ev i l (adj..); h a r m f u l -QesQl^eoiTSST keduthalana, ^lu thiya [before nouns]
evolve (v. i . ) ; beg in to exist -<SXpu(S) erpadu
evolve (v.t . ) ; create; cause — G^rriT)gi]e& thormvi {Q^fTpiT^sSl&s^, G^/r/f)gyo5}^^)
exact (adj.) -ffl^iturresr) sariiyana)
exac t l y (adv.) -3=iflujn'3; sariydga
e x a m i n a t i o n (educational) -G^/JSI/ thervu
e x a m i n e (v. ) ; investigate -^[rrnu srsy
examine (med. lab.) (v.) — UlflGfflT^ parisothi (ufflGffrrgffiffi, ui^Gffn^0gi)
e x a i n i n e r (n.) -Uffi(3a^/T^«/r parisothagar
51
e x a m i a a t i o n (med. lab.) (n.) -
uiWSffrr^aneisr parisothanai
excel (v . ) ; be distinguished -
fflp sira Slp^)
excellence (n.) -
Stn)Ui-f sirappu
excellent (adj.) -
^p^^ sirantha,
^ptllUfTssr sirappana
excellently (adv.) -
SlpiJurra sirappaga
except; besides -
^eS\r! thavira
excess ( n , ) ; r e m a i n d e r -
^ @ « U ) athigam,
LS^ mithi
exchange (v.t . ) -
pariindrikkol i-Q^nskerr, -Q«/rsMT(5)); LOlTip^ inarm
exchange ( v . t ) ; serve (food) -
ui^LDiTtrj parimaru
(u/Sto/rj), uiHwaifi) exchange (n.) -
u/i?LDnp/DLb parimarram
excite (v . t . ) , provoke -
S\<StTQ} kilaru {ISimp, SimnSI)
e x c i t e m e n t (n.) -
S)efTpr3:^ kijarcchi
excite ( v . t . ) ; mot ivate -
§nem(Si thlindu
e x c i t e m e n t ( n . ) ; m o t i v a t i o n -
^em(S>ss<so thuiiduthal excuse (n.) -
uyeiresfllJLi mannippu
excuse ( v . t . ) ; f o r g i v e -
LDSsrssfl manni
execute (carry out) (v . t . ) -
Qffiueorrp^ seyalanu
( - ^ p p , -^a.pjS') execute ( k i l l ) (v . t . ) -
Q«/rsb kol
(QxrraJeo, QaitresTt^)
hang ( & thus execute) (v. t . ) —
^S.SisS\Qi thukkilidu
^s^GoGurrQl thukkilpddu {-Gum-, -GuiTtL(Si)
exercise ( n . ) ; t r a i n i n g -
UuSlpSl payirchi
e x h i b i t ( v . L ) -
ainsisnSl kanbi {sifressriSlmsi, mn^iSt^^y,
satLQ\(am',/ ., <g;m'77.)
52
e x h i b i t ( i o n ) (n.) -
seisramL^ kangatchi
exist ( v . i . ) -
s i l / r y ) ^ @ ( 2 5 valnthiru
(-g)C5ffi«, -^is^si); s^em® undu (pred.)
e x i t (n.) -
(veliyS pogum) vali
e x p a n d (v .) -
Q5)/fla;/r<E(g virivakku
( - ^ f f i « , -^aQ)
expansive (adj.) -
sSlftteuiresT virivana
e x p a n s i v e l y (adv.) -
aSliflojrrsi virivaga
e x p a n d ( v . t . ) ; s p r e a d -urfULj parappu
expanse (n.) -
Uljiji^ parappu
e x p a n d ( v . i . ) ; m u l t i p l y —
Qu(r^(g perugu ( Q u o * , £)u(gS))
e x p a n d ( v . t ) ; i n c r e a s e -
Qu(i}a(g perukku
e x p a n d ( v . i . ) ; open; e x t e n d -
aSli^ viri (a5)/fliu, Q5)*(5sy)
expect ( v . t ) ; w a i t f o r -
ST^/TUnvr ethirpar
e x p e n d i t u r e ( n . ) , e x p e n s e -
selavu,
panacchelavu
exper ience ( n . ) ; enjoyment —
anubavam
e x p e r i e n c e d (adj.) -
anubavamulla
exper ience ( v . i . ) ; feel —
uQi padu
^es)lueS} anubavi
(cS^gyuaSaat, ^^ueSl^gi)
e x p e r i m e n t (n.) —
parisothanai
e x p e r i m e n t (v .) -
parisothanai seythu par (- unfiaa, - urrpr^gj)
53
expert (n.) -rilLjsm^ nipunar
expertise (n.) -^Liem^^ojLD
nipunatthuvam, ^pas)Ln thiramai
expert (adj.) -^panLDiUiran' thiramaiyana
ex-pertiy (adv.) -^pas)UMJ[TS thiramaiySga
explain (v.t.) -oSlsffffiQ vilakhi (G)5l6ir<s«, 6i5?Grr«S))
explanation (n.) -aSlsffasffizi vilakkam, eSlerra(3j6ieb vilakkuthal
explode (v.) -QexJLq. vedi
explore (new territory) (v.t.) -uiuemLD Qfftu^ ^fl5) payanam seythu ari (- ^tiSlas, - ^fSlmi)
explore (v.t); investigate -(3^i4.urTir thedipSr
express (one's feelings) — Qexie/HsxmLQ] velilckam {-am' I , -am" ii;.)
express (fast) (adj.) -eSletniJisif viraivu, sSlemcreun'esr viraivdna
quickly (adv.) -eSlwrreurra I eSlsjnp-aSliAi viraivaga I viraivil
extend (v.t.) -^i l ( j l nittu {$tLi-, ^Cisj.)
extend (time) (v.i.); las t -$LS\. nidi (if^.dEffi,/fi^j.^^)
extension (of service, etc.) -^Uf-ULj n'ldippu
extend (v.t.); expand -Sl5)ffl viri (fflS)(f)ffi«, aSlffi ^)
extend to (v.i.); expand-siS)rf5 viri (eSliHiu, sSlifl^gi)
extensive (adj.); expansive -aSllftexirresr virivana
extensively; expansively -oS/flsun"* virivdga
extensiveness (n.); expansion — oSfflo/ virivu
extent (n.); expanse -uriULf parappu
extent (n.); limit; amount; measiure —
cjysiTa/ alavu 54
external (adj.); foreign -Qexis/HiUfTesr veliydna, QevsfflULjp velippura
the external, outside (n.) -Qoje/H veli
extra, as much as possible — ^ @ < 9 5 athiga, LEleinstufTear migaiydna
extreme (adj.) — ^ ^ < B athiga, LSleosi migai,
miguntha eye (n.) -
Siem kan eyebrow (n.) -
kan buritvam F face (n.); mouth (of river) -
(LpaiM mugam facility (n.); convenience -
sns^^ vasathi facile (adj.), easy —
eus^^iu[rem vasathiyana with facility (adv.), easily -
eus'^iurrs vasthiydga
fact (n.) -nadanthakariyam, s_essres)LD unmai
factory (n.) — thdlirch&lai
faa(v. i . ) -^sygU thavaru
failure (n.) — £Seu0^eo thavaruthal
mistake (n.), error — assuffjy thavaru
mistaken (adj.) — ^eurpaem thavardna
mistakenly (adv.) -^euprrs thavardga
faint (v.i.) -mayangi vilu (- oSyj, - eS](ig^si)
fainting (n.); confusion -LDluAaiLh mayakkam, LDUJISjSllSlSI(Lp^ed mayahgiviluthal
fair (honest, etc.) (adj.) -GrspremLDiutresT nermaiyana
55
fairness (n.) -GfSiranLD nermai
fair (moderate) (adj.) -s-ixfrp'frs sumardga
fair (beautiful) (adj.) -^LpsrresT alagana
faith; belief; confidence — fSLDLSsans; nambikkai
faithful (adj . ) -^iMiSaecia a_srrsyr nambikkai ulla, rsLodlsesisiLirrssr nambikkaiydna
faithfiilly (adv.) -nambikkaiyaga
fal l(v. i . )-Q5!(y) vilu (a5)ip, eSI(i^gi)
faBen (adj.) — eSl(Lp^sS viluntha
false (adj.) -QuiTiuiunest poyyana
falsely (adv.) -Qumuiurrs; poyySga
falsehood (n.) -QuaiLi poy
liar (n.) -Qunihium poyym
deception (n.) -QurreSl psli
false (adj.), deceptive -QurreSiiunem poliyana
falsely (adv.), deceptively -GurreSliufTS poUySga
fame (n.) -L-j'X^ pugal
famous (adj.) -q&(L^metT pugalulla, LfSipQupp pugalperra
famously (adv.) -LjSLpfTiS pugalaga
family (n.) -(^QlLDULD kudumbam
fan (electric & hand) (n.) -eSl^n^l visiri
far (distance) (n.) -glTCnJD dhuram
far (adj.) -^pTLorresr dhuramSna
so far (tUl now) -euemrr
ithu varai fare (n.); f e e -
(SSLLt-SssTLb kattanam farm (n.) — uemes)em pannai
56
farm (v.) -Uiz5)/fl(51 payiridu ( - g ) L , - g ) L . 0 )
farmer (n.) -e)5}aja=nuS} vivasdyi
farmhand (n.) — usraranswiu/Tfifr pannaiydl
farming (n.), agriculture — GeuemrsiwsinLD velanmal, aSfaja^rriLiLb vivasdyam
farther, beyond; moreover -^ULjtpLD appuram
beyond (in space) — ^ULjpiSs appuram, ^uunso appdl
farthest (adj.) -c5SS)l_^iun'Gsr kadaisiyana, LSS'SXJLD gJJflLCirTSST
migavum dhuramana f a s t -
QeilSLOfTew vegamana (adj.), slkkiramlsikkiramaga (adv.)
fasten (v.t.); bind; build -«LL(51 katta {aiLi-, sCuf.)
fat (adj.) -sem^^ ganattha, Q&nqgs,^ koluttha
grow fat (v.i.) -QarrcLp kolu
corpulence (n.) — Q<ffi/7(i^(JL/ koluppu
fate (n.) -ffl5J^ vithi
father (n.) -^UUlT appa, ^/Ssnss thanthai
father-in-law (n.) -LDiTLDSirrrp' mdmanSr
fault (n.); crime -(gp(OLb kurram
fault (n.); mistake -thavaru
fault (n.); blame; revenge -UL^ pali
find fault (v.t.); blame -Uifl pali (uyBffiffi, uL^$§i)
fear (n.) -uiULO payam, ^s=ffLD accham
fear (v.i.); be afraid -uiUuuQi payappadu (-ui_, -uu.(Jl);
anju ( ©*, =s^(gS)
57
f e a r f u l ( a d j . ) -
utuiBjaiprmiTarr
payangaramdna
f e a r f u l l y ( a d v . ) -
uiuaisirTLDrrei
payangaramdga
f e a r l e s s ( a d j . ) -
UlULSeoeoats payamillatha,
^(^fffT^ anj'atha
f e a r l e s s l y ( a d v . ) -
^l^ffrTLDeo anjamal
f e a r l e s s n e s s ( n . ) -
^(^s=rranLD anjamai
f e a s t ( n . ) ; f o o d f o r g u e s t s -
eSlq^^^ virunthu
f e e ( n . ) ; f a r e -
ffiLLsuKTLO kattanam
f e e d ( v . L ) -
£ . s w a / ^ s r S unavu ali
(- ^sSlsia, - ^s^^gi)
f e e d ( a n i m a l s ) ( v . i . ) ; s n a c k -
^ s a r thin (g lsSror , g d r n ] / )
f e e l ( v . i . ) ; r e a l i z e ; r e c o g n i z e -&.em^ unar
(a.srarjr, s-essrffpgi)
f e e l i n g ( s ) , s e n s a t i o n ( s ) -s^emffffS) unarcchi
f e e t ( p i . ) -
urr^isi<serr pathahgal
f o o t ( s i n g . ) -
UfTSSLD patham
f e m a l e ( n . ) ; w o m a n -
Q L / C W pen
f e m i n i n e ( a d j . ) -
QusssremLDiufTesr
penmaijana
f e m i n i n i t y ( n . ) -
QuessremLO penmai
f e m i n i n e g e n d e r ( n . ) -
Qusmurreo penbal
f e n c e ( n . ) -
QojeSi veil
f e r t i l e ( a d j . ) -
enefT^LDfrear valarmana
f e r t i l i t y ( n . ) -
euemb valam
f e s t i v a l ( n . ) ; c e l e b r a t i o n -
sSliprr Vila
r e l i g i o u s f e s t i v a l ( n . ) -
^(§aSlLprT thiruvild
f e v e r ( n . ) -
•xaUJS'SFei) kaycchal,
juram Q'oram)
58
f e w ( a d j . ) -
^ s u sila
a f e w ( p e r s o n s ) -
silar,
fflsuGu/j" silaper
a f e w ( t h i n g s ) -
silaporulgal
field ( e s p . p a d d y field) -
a / i u s b vayal
fierce ( a d j . ) -
QsnTLs^iu kodiya,
uiufaiscTLDiTesr payangaramdna
fiercely ( a d v . ) -
uujmsirjLnnai payangaramdga
fierce n a t u r e ( n . ) — uiuriiap'LD
payangaram
fifteen ( n . o r a d j . ) -
pathinainthu
fifteenth ( n . o r a d j . ) -
pathinainthavathu,
pathinainthdm ( a d j . o n l y )
fifth ( n . o r a d j . ) -
g / H ^ / r s i i ^ ainthdvathu,
^^^fTLD ainthdm ( a d j . o n l y )
fifty ( n . o r a d j . ) -
^LDU^ aimbathu
fiftieth ( n . o r a d j . ) -^LOU^neu^ aimbatliavathu,
^LDU^mh aimbathdm ( a d j . )
fight ( n . ) ; q u a r r e l -
ffsmemL^ sandai
fight ( V . ) -o^emsmL^uSIQ) sandaiyidu
ff(smes)L^ QsFUJ santiai sey
(- Qffiijiu, - Qffiu^)
figvure ( n . ) ; f o r m -
s^(§eiJLD uruvam,
gp!r @ murtthi
fiU(v.t.)-
rUffULf nirappu
f^emp nirai
Q^cinp«<s, / ^ c s i p ^ ^ )
fill ( v . i . ) -
r^rrthq nirambu
(jgldwu, iglpiiiiSI)
filth ( n . ) ; d i r t y l a u n d r y -
^ ( t p « ( g alukku
59
dirtiness (n.) -^Si^^LD asutlham
dirty (adj.) -^m-0£5LDrrew asutthamana, ^(tgaanesr alukkana
dirtily (adv.) -^»^^U)/r<S asutthamaga, ^(L^asfTS alukkSga
final (n.); last; end -<KanL_S kadaisi
final (adj.) -iSSsiLffliufrsisr kadaisiySna
finally (adv.) -sonL-ffliurra kadaisiydga, 3;£i!)L_S)u5leo kadaisiyit .
finance (n.); fund; t r e a s u r e -fS}^ nidhi
find (v.t.); i n v e n t -ssiwQiLSuf. kandupidi (-tili -ffiffi, -lilif ^ ^ )
find (n.); invention -kandupidippu
find out (v.t.); see -3y[T<S^ kan («/Tsssr, 3iemr(^)
fine (o.k.); yes; c o r r e c t -ff/fi sari
fine (o.k.); correct (adj.) -fffttiurTSST sariydna
fine (detailed) (adj.); b e s t -S«3/5 siranthu
finger (n.); t o e -sS\ueo viral
finger (n.) -ernsi a51fT<A> kai viral
finish (v.i.); c o m e to an end -(Lfiis^ mudi ((Lpui.iu, (Lpuj-^gi)
finish (v.t.); complete -(tptif, mudi ((yii4.«ffi, (ipu).^^)
finished (adj.); completed -(LpLSj-eurrsur mudivSna, (LfiU)^^ mudintha
fire (n.) -Qrs(f^uq neruppu, ^ ihi
firewood (n.) -Ei5)ff)(g viragu
firm (adj.) — S-iriJ^lurresr uruthiyana
firmness; hardness; certainty -S-gi]^ uruthi
first (n.); beginning — (i/)fl5sb muthal, (lfiS,<son(M§i muthalavathu
first (adv.) -(Lp^su/Tffi mutlialSga
60
first (adj.) -(Lp^eOfTLD muthalam
fish (n.) -u?sJr m m
fisherman (n.) -iSmajp' minavar
fishing-boat (n.) -iSeir iSluj. U ( _ ( g mm pldi padagu
fishing-net (n.) -LSOST LSILS^. evansD minpidi valai
five (n. or adj.) -gi/5as/ ainthu
fix (arrange) (v.t.) -^pfLDtTstsfl thtrmdni (g!7io/r6iifl««, ^LDirasfl^)
fixed (adj.), ar ranged -thirmanikka-p-perra
fix (repair) (v.t.) -U(y)j5/U/7/T paluthu-par (- uirfsx, - unu^^)
flag (n.) ; v i n e -Qsmsj- kodi
flat (adj.); smooth -r ^Ces)L-iurre!!T thattaiyana, •9^LO0GfrLnfT^ samathalamdna
flatness (n.), smoothness — ^Ces)L- thattai, SFLD^etTLD samathalam
flavor (n.); t a s t e -aKsneu suvai, (f^& rusi
flaw (n.); l a c k -(S,SS)p{un(Si) kurai(padu)
flee (v.i.), run away -(^Uf-uGufT odippo (-Guira, -GuiTili)
flesh (n.) ; m e a t -^iSDir#© iraicchi
float (v.i.) -LEI^ mitha (iflas**, i&es^gi)
float (v.t.) -LB^A'X snev mithakka vai (- saisusffi, - Hnoj^g/)
elation (n.), euphoria — uSI^ULj mithappu
flood ( n . ) -QeueaefTLD vellam
floor (n.) -^etnrt tharai, s^etrisi tlialam
flour (n.) -Lo/ray mavu
flourish (v.i.) -o5)srrjif@ vilangu (sSeniiia;, tSlmiiiSi)
61
flow (v.i . ) ; leak; dr ibble -9(iP(S "LugU {^(Lpa, ^(Lffgl)
flow (as o f water) (n.) -
fgL-/ ih ottam
let flow down (v.t.) •-
flower (n.), blossom -LDSU^ malar, y pu
fluid (n.) -
0p'LDLD nirmam,
^[TSULb thiravam
fly (insect) (n.) -
FF I
fly (v.i.); move sw i f t l y -
urr) para (upas;, up^) fog (n.); mis t ; d e w -
uasfl pani thick fog (n.) -
( i p ( i l uasfl mudu pani
foggy (adj.) -SP(i) uasfiiLiefrerr mOdu paniyuUa
f o l l ow (v.t.) -i5sar QtFsb pin sel (- Qffsoeo, ~ (oi3=&srn)])', iSlet Q^rrupi pin thodar (- Q^(n_ij-, - ffl^iTMJ^^)
f o l l o w i n g (n.) -LSlsweu(f^LD pinvarum
f o l l o w i n g (adj.) -
iSeirexid^Slp pinvarugira f oo l (n.) -
(y)(-Li_/Tsfr mUttal,
Lxtemi^iueir madaiyan f oo l i sh (adj.) -
(ifiLLL^rreh^esruDrreisr muttalthanamdna, anu^^iuLDrreur paitthiyamana ( 'crazy ' )
f oo l i sh l y (adv.) -
madatthanamaga fool ishness (n.); s t u p i d i t y -
LDL^anLD madamai, LDL^^esmiM madatthanam
f o o t (n.); step; bo t t om; base -
cS^Uf. adi f o o t (n.) -
(ffi/Tsb) ^is}. (kal) adi, urr^lh patham
f o o t (n.); l eg ; quarter (1/4) -
Sfrsb Ml f o r (conj.) ; since, b e c a u s e -
aga, i^jQesisisripiTtso enenral
62
force (n.) ; strength -u s O i i ) balam
f o r c e fu l (adj.) ; strong -uevLDrreiST balamana
f o r c e fu l l y (adv.) ; s t r o n g l y -USOLD/TiSS balamaga
f o rce (n.), m i gh t , p o w e r -
eijeSlas)LD valimai f o r c e fu l (adj.) , p o w e r f u l -
OJeSIanLDluiTesr valimaiyana f o r c e fu l l y (adv.), power fu l l y -
O J Q S S W L D I U / T I B valimaiyaga
f o r e i g n (adj.) -^iueo ayal, QeueM veli,
^^^UJluneir anniyamdna
f o r e i g n c o u n t r y (n.) -
^lUeOfBirQl ayal-nadu,
Qsiys»S/5ff(51 veli-nMu
f o re igner (s ) (n.) -
^iueo!BrTiL(S)s;£i;rrprpr ayalnattukkarar,
velirmttukkSrar f o r e i g n (adj.); external -
QojsrS veli,
^^rilujLDlTGisr anniyamana
f o res t (uninhabi ted land) (u.) -
sfrQi kddu
f o r e v e r (adv.) — sTssrnj/Lb ennim
a lways (adv.) ; whenever -
eruQuirgjiM eppothum,
toTuQufTQ^i^lh eppoluthum
f o r g e t ( v . t ) -
LD/D mara (iMpas, wp^gi)
f o r g e t f u l (adj.) -
wip^iunesT marathiyana
f o rge t fu lness (n.) - -
LDp^ marathi
f o r g e t f u l p e r s o n (n.) —
inp^aaiaij^ marathikkarar
f o r g i v e ( v . t ) -i i jsirssf l manni
f o r g i v e ( v . t ) -Loe5Tfflifl^a5;a5)(5) mannitthuvidu (-aSL_, -n5)L.S))
forg iveness (n.) — LDsirssfluLf mannippu
f o r g i v e [mistake-tolerate] -(^ippLD QufTgu kurram poru (- Q u n j y A s , - Quni^^gi)
f o r k (n.) -ffiQJ(i) kavadu
63
form (n.); image-s_((5SULb uruvam, (Lp^^^ murtthi
former (adj.) -(LpsJr inun, (Lp^^lU munthiya
formerly; in front of -(Lpasr mun, (LpesTLj munbu, (LpanQesT munne, (LpesrssTfTSO murmal, (LpemssrnQeo munnale
forty (n. or adj.) -rSfrpugl rmrpathu
fortieth (n. or adj.) — rsrripu^fTeiJ^ narpathavathu, fSfTpu^fTLD narpatlmm (adj. only)
forward (adj.) -(LpanQeu munne, (LpasjQssmsSliu munnokkiya
forward (adv.) -QposiQesmsiSl munndkki
fom: (n. or adj.) -(Bireir^g nangu
fourth (n. or adj.) -fgrrcirasfTaj^ nSngavathu, rsirdsTsmli nangam (adj.)
fourteen (n. or adj.) -U^n5fT£sr@ pathinangu
fourteenth (n. or adj.) -pathirmngdvathu,
pathinangSm (adj. only) free (independent) (adj.) -
suthanthiramana freely (independently) (adv.) —
suthanthiramaga freedom (independence) (n.) -
•K^^^pTlh suthanthiram free (of cost) (adj.) -^ei)aja={L£>rresr) ilavasa(jnuna)
freely (without cost) (adv.) -^evojffLDfT'X ilavasamdga
freedom (from cost) (n.) -^ S D S i / f f i i ilavasam
freedom (liberation) (n.) -eSiQt^emso viduthalai
fresh (adj.); green; cool — Lls=e!!)£F pacchai
64
fresh (adj.), new -Lf^iu purhlya, LDtiiarf^ mangdtha
Friday; Venus (planet) -QeusfrsyS velli
Friday (n.) -QajefrefHaSlLpeiMis vellikkilamai
friend (f.) -^GrsSl^ sinegithi, Gssnrifi tholi
friend (m.) -S)QrsSl^eir sinegithan, G^lTLpeir tholan, rgsssruesr nanban, Qpg^eir nesan
friendship (n.) -^GfBSLD sinegam, G^rrLpemLD thdlamai, rSL-L-l natpu, Grsd'LD nesam
fright (n.), terror-UUJLD payam, uaJISJsrrLD payahgaram
frighten (v.t.), terrify -utU(LpgU^^ payamurutthu
frightful (adj.) -uiuiiiaijwneisr payahgaramana
frightfully (adv.) -UlUlilSilTLDITS payahgaramdga
be frightened (v.i.) -^QiS,S\® thidukkidu 0(Si«g)i_, @®i«g)il0)
frog (n.) -^ajsnsrr thavalai
from (prep.) — -^(§^§1 -inmthu, -idatthirunthu, -idatthilinmthu
front (n.) -(LpemLjpLD munpuram, (LpasiuaiSiUi munpakkam
front end (n.) — (y)S3ru«<BLQ munpakkam
frown (v.i.); wrinWe -«(T5/i/@ surungu (ffiOiaa, ^(gis/S)
fruit (ripe) (n.) -ULfiLD palam
fuel (n.) -eTl?lQurT(§erT erlporul
65
fulfilment (n.) -i§las)peij niraivu
f u U ( a d j O -f^<oS)n)^S5 niraintha
be fuU (v.i.) -(ilanp nirai
fun (n.); g a m e -eSlmeaiuniLQt vilaiyattu
function (n.); performance -fflsyis:^ nigalcchi
funeral ; death [Spk. Tam.] -ffireif sdvu
furious (adj.), fierce — Qmms^uj kodiya
fu r the r (distance) (adv.) -athiga dhuratthiluUa
fur ther (moreover) (adv.) -QlSieoiLD melum
fu r t he rmore (adv.) -^ s i r O T y / i innum
fu ture (n.) -ST^j'ffi/rsuiii ethirkalam
fu ture (adj.) -sr^^srreo ethirkala
futur i ty (n.); o p p o s i t e -ethir, ffr^Grr ethire
G ga in (n.); p r o f i t -
eviTUlM labam ga in a p rof i t (v.); profit —
eorrULD Qugu Idbam pent (- Qufo, - Qupn^i)
ga in (v.L); profit; get -Qugj pent (Glup, Qupgu)
g a m e (n.); fun -eSlemerriumLQ) vilaiyattu
g a r d e n (n.) -(S^ff"lli_U) thottam
g a r d e n e r (n.) -thottakkaran
g a r l a n d (n.); evening (p.m.) -LD[Tas)&> malai
flower g a r l a n d (n.) -y LDrrsmev pu malai
g a r l a n d (s.o., sth.) (v.t.) -LDiremsv GunQi malai podu (- C«un-i_, - Gu/TL.®)
gas (air, steam, etc.) -OjfTlLj vdyu, ^eSl avi
g a t e ( n . ) -ajiTS^sc vasal, eurruSleo sssei/ vayil kathavu
66
g a t h e r (v.t.); collect — ^!jC® thirattu Oo-Ci-, @£nli4.)
gecko (wall lizard) (n.) -ueceSl palli
g e m (n.) -Cr^^eSTLD ratthinam, [j^^emsseo raithina-k-kal
g e n e r a l (adj.); usual -Qun^'sijrTesT pothuvana
g e n e r a t i o n (n.); tradition -urfLDUemp' parambarai
gent le (adj.) — QiD^euiTssr methuvana
ge t (v.); receive -QugU peru (Qup, Qu/pgy)
g e t (v.t.); obtain -^emi-^ adai
ge t ( v . t ) ; buy; r e c e i v e -surr^fg vahgu (euaiiia, ajmiiSl]
get do>vn (v.i.); descend -^ f f 3 E / @ irangu (g)53E;«, ^piiiSi)
bring down (v.t.) -irakku
(@(D««, g)p«ffi)
ge t on (to a bus , etc.) (v.i.) -^ g j j eru (^rp, ?7j5))
get u p (v.i.); awake -eT(Lp eht {sTLp, ^(ig^Sl)
get u p (from resting) (v.i.) -ST(y) ;5@(5 elunlhiru (-g)@««, -g)(!5!5S/)
make get u p (v.t.) ~ eT(LpULj eluppu ( s 7 ( y ) U U , eiQ^uiS)
g h e e (clarified butter) -QrsuJ ney
g i f t ( n . ) -,^GBTUSIS)L;L/ anbalippu, Q«/TisinL_ kodai, Ulfis? parisu
g i n g e r (n.) -^ ( ^ ^ inji
gi r l (n.) ; w o m a n -Quern pen, QueisnS\ehes)efT penpillai
g ive (v.t .) ; g ive away -Qsn® kodu
give (v.t.) -^fT tha (asiJ.^iSS/)
give (v.t .) ; offer; r e n d e r -cS/sifl ali (^siSffi65, ^sS^gj)
67
glass (n.); eyeglasses; m i r r o r -sememrn^ kannSdi
glass (tumbler) (n.) -i_tbs)T/j ' tamlar
glow (v.i.); burn; be angry -sr/S eri (si/fliu, m/ii^§i)
go (v.i.) -Qun pd (GurTm,Guiriu)
go (v.i.); f o l l o w -Qffeo sel (Q«UEu, Qffeirgii)
goal (aim) (n.) -
(seyaljndkkam goat (n.) -
^® Sdu, QsuerrefTa(S> velladu
God (n.) -c^swL-QJ/r andavar, ffiLsi^srr kadavul, ^ e n p e u s J r imivan
going (n.); practice; habit -Gurrs(^ pokku
gold (n.) -QufTek pon, ^ISJSLD tlmngam
good (adj.) -/ j s b s u nalla
a good t h i n g (n.) -/ g s b s u ^ nallathu
nicely (adv.); wel l -/5sa7(g nangu, fSasTpirai nanraga
good m a n (n.) -/gsbsus i / sJT nallavan
goodness (n.) -flSsirsnLD nanmai
goodbye ; greetings -ffiUSsWcScffiLb vanakkam
goodbye ("I'll go & come.") -Gurnu eii(§SlGpeiT.
'Pay varugiren.' ("We' l l go and come.") -
Gurnu eiJ(§SGprTLD. 'Poyvarugirom.'
("Go and come.") — Gurnu eurT(§ii]3ie}r.
'Pay varungal.' goods (n.); possession(s) -
ffrrmrreir sSman goods ; meaning; matter -G)urr(§isrr porul
g o v e r n m e n t (n.) -^rferrrisisih arasangam
g o v t (n.); k i n g d o m -c /7» arasu
68
govern (v.t.) -^LL& Qs=lij atchi sey (- Qffo/iu, - Qfftij^)
g o v e r n m e n t ; administrat ion -^tl.® atchi
g r a b (v.L); catch -iStS^ pidi (LSIuf-am, LSUI.$^)
g r a d u a l (adj.), ' s tep by step ' -uiJi.uuLii.ujrrevr padippadiydna
g r a i n (paddy, etc.) (n.) -^rresfluJLD dhaniyam
g r a n d c h i l d (n.) -Gurrs(gLp^e!n^ perakkulanthai
g r a n d d a u g h t e r (n.) -Gu0^ petthi
g r a n d f a t h e r (n.) -^ns,^n thattha, urTL.i—esrrrp' pattanar
g r a n d m o t h e r (n.) -urriLisi. patti, umLLSj-iurrp^ p&ttiyar
g r a n d s o n (n.) -Guijasr peran
grape ( s ) (n.) -^irmLanff thiratchai
g r a s s (n.) -Lfeo pul
g r a y (ash color) (n. or adj.) -s^rriaueo (r^piii) sdmbal (niram)
graze (v.i.) -(BLDIU mey {Gwiu, Giadj^sj)
g r e a t (adj.); important; big -Qutfliu periya
g r e a t n e s s (n.); nobleness -Qu(r^ss)U> perumai
green (adj.); fresh -U3=es)ff pacchai
gree t ings ; goodbye -euemssiLD vanakkam
grief (n.); suffering -^AaLD dhukkam
g r i n d (v.t.) -^emrj arai
g r o u n d ; agricultural land -0)eULD nilam
g r o u p (n.) -©(y ki'iji, G)^/7(g@ thoguthi
g r o w (v.i.) -euenir valar (suffltrp-, ajen)^§l)
69
g r o w (make g r o w ) (v. t . ) -
si/srr/7 valar
g r o w t h (nO -
euerrp'ff^ valamhi g u a r d (n.) -
s;aey<A){afTi:rp') kaval(karar)
g u a r d ( v x ) -
afTUunpgU kapparru {siTuuiTpp, aiTUuirp^)
guide (v .L) -
euifisimLQi valikattu i-mmLu, -arrCui.)
g u i d e (n.) -
euiflaaiLLq. mlikatti
g u i l t (n.) -
(gppLD kurram
g u i l t y (adj.) -
(gppQfierrerr kurmmulla,
(gjPpLDTTasi kurramana
g u i l t y p e r s o n (n.) -
kurramullavan
H
h a b i t (n . ) ; custom -
valakkam (palakkam)
h a b i t (n . ) ; practice; g o i n g -
GurrsiQ pokku
h a i r ( o f the b o d y ) (n.) -
LDuSliX mayir
h a i r ( o f the head) (n.) -
(Lpt^. mudi
h a l f ( n . ) ; w a i s t -
c j y s n f r arai
h a l f (n.) -
U f r @ pdthi
h a l v e (v. t . ) -
^as^rriUfT3i(Q araiyakku
urr^ujns(g pathiydkku
(-^«ffi , - ^ d j g ) )
h a l l ( n . ) ; large r o o m -
« v ( _ t i kudam
h a n d ( n . ) ; a r m -
S!n« kai
h a n g ( v . t . ) ; suspend -
Q^nmJs;eS}(pi thongavidu
( - a S l L - , - S I S L . ® )
h a n g (be suspended) (v . i . ) -
Q^nai(^ thohgu
h a n g (execute) (v . t . ) -
^ « S ) s i 5 ) ( 5 ) thukkilidu
(-g)L., - © L - f i l ) ;
gjjsSlsoQuiTQi thUkkilpodu
70
h a p p e n ( v . i . ) ; behave; w a H c -
nada fj5i—s,m, /si-isja)
h a p p e n ( v . i . ) ; take place -
fSes)L-Qu^ na4aipent
h a p p e n ( v . i . ) ; o c c u r -
ffCaueSl sambavi (<yu3U€i5)<5<gs, 3=Lbue)Sl^^)
h a p p e n i n g ( n . ) ; occurrence -
s^LOU&JLO sambavam
h a p p i n e s s ( n . ) ; j o y , del ight -
g j s a r U L O inbam,
LDS)y3#© magilcchi
be h a p p y ( v . i . ) -LDS)yi magil
( m g l L p , LoSyjjBg/)
h a p p U y (adv.) -
santhoshamaga h a p p i n e s s ( n . ) ; pleasure -
aTJCS^/rsi^ii santhosham
h a p p y (adj.) -
santhoshamana,
magilcchiydna
h a r d n e s s ( n . ) ; firmness -
s^giJ^ urulhi
h a r d (opp. to soft) -
a^sru^tuirem unithiyana,
(Lpp-l_fTesr muradana
h a r m (n.) -
^onLD thlmai,
thlngu
h a r m ( v . t . ) -
Qs=iu thmgu sey
(- Qffiuiu, - QiFiugi)
h a r m f u l (adj . ) ; c r u e l -
^QyiLDiLf&TStT thlinaiyulla
h a r m l e s s (adj.) -
^emLDlupp thlmaiyarra
h a r s h (adj.) -
Qsms^iU kodiya
harshness ( n . ) ; sternness -
sQiesiLD kadmnai
h a s t e ( n . ) ; emergency —
^euffrxih avasaram h a s t e n ( v . i . ) -
avasarappadu ( - u i _ , -uiLCSi)
h a t (n . ) -
Q^mliiSI thoppi h a t e ( v . t . ) ; d i s l i k e -
Qevgu veru
71
h a t e (n.) , h a t r e d -
Qeuguuq veruppu
have (v.) -
QmnefT kol {Qsnenm, Qsineisr®)
he [that man) (pron.) —
S'/eysir avan,
^ s u / j " avar (pol i te) ,
^euirs^en avargal (pol .+)
he (this man) -
^ e u s s r ivan,
^ Q j j j ivar (pol i te) ,
^eup-aerr ivargal {pol.+)
he h i m s e l f -
avane than ( f a m . ) ,
avare thain (pol .) h e a d ( o f physical body) (n.) —
^ s m s u thalai
h e a d (leader) (a.) -
^smeueup' thalaivar
headache (n.) -
^aneveiisSl thalaivali
h e a d q u a r t e r s (n.) -
thalaimai aluvalagam h e a l ( v . i . ) ; c a l m d o w n -
h e a l t h (n.) -
WffiLD sugam,
(giSmih gunam
h e a l t h y (adj.) -
ffrSiLDtTaST siigamana,
^QrxfrQujLDrTesr arokiyamana
h e a r ( v . t . ) , l i s ten; ask -
Gserr kel ( G a i l a , daC.®) h e a r t (anatomical) (n.) -
§ ) ® ^ I U £ i (g)^UJLb)
iruthayam (ithayam)
h e a r t h (n.) -
^Qiljq aduppu
h e a t ( h i g h temp.) (n.) -
t^Qi sildu, Qeuuuih veppam
get h e a t e d ( v . i . ) , get h o t -
siidu (mi-, »L-gl)
sun's h e a t (n.) -
G)euu5)iA> veyil
heaviness (n.) -
ffiswii ganam
h e a v y (adj.) -
SiesT^^ ganattha,
s&STLDlTeiST ganamana
h e a v i l y (adv.) —
urftfLnrrai baramaga
72
heavy l o a d (n.) -
UlTCriii baram
heed ( n . ) ; care -
aojesTLD kavanam
h e i g h t (n.) -
a^lurXLD uyaram
h e i g h t e n (v . t . ) -
s-iup^^ uyartthu
heUo! -
si;<S55r<Ba5Lb vanakkam h e l p ( n . ) ; assistance -
S-^eS} uthavi
h e l p (v . t . ) -
a_^ffl5) Q3=iu uthavi sey
(- Glfftuiu, - Qs=fug^)
h e l p f u l ( a d j . ) -
upayogamana
h e l p ( n . ) , assistant -
gjenestsT thunai
h e n c e ( f r o m n o w o n ) -
ippothilirunthu
hence ( f r o m here) -
^ I S J S I Q ^ ^ ^ ihgirunthu
hence (therefore) -
^emmiurreo agaiyal
h e r (pron.) ( f a m i l i a r ) —
^euemen avalai ( a c e ) ,
^ 6 i / ( g 5 < 5 5 @ avalukku (daL)
h e r (pron.) (pol i te) —
^exiamp' avarai ( a c e ) ,
c?i/si/(T5<B(g avarukku (dat.)
h e r (possessive) ( f a m . ) -
cg>/sU(Si[5£!0L_(U avaludaiya
h e r (possess.) (po l i te ) -
^eii(f^einL_aj avarudaiya
h e r e (adv.) -
^isKSs inge
h e r e ! ( l o o k here!) -
g)G^/r itho
h e r e ! (take i t ! ) -
^^^fTQ^lilsen' intharungal
h e r e a f t e r (adv.) ; h e n c e f o r t h -
^esfl ini,
^ S B A C S L D S I ) inimel
h e r e b y (adv.) -
^ ^ s w / T s b ithanal
h e r e w i t h (adv.) -
^^OT5yi_esr ithanudan
h e r o ( n . ) ; s o l d i e r -
aSjXeir vlran
h e r o i n e ( n . ) ; w o m a n w a r r i o r -
eSiruQuimr vlrappen,
aStXHlSJaanssr viranganai
73
h e r o i s m (n.) -eSfTLD viram
h e r o i c (adj.) -eSlJLEifTssT viramdna
h e r s e l f (pron . ) ( famil iar) -^suQm male,
EST thane h e r s e l f (p ron . ) (poUte) -
^euQrj avare h i d e (skin) (n . ) ; l e a t h e r -
Q^neo thol h i d e ( v . t ) ; m a k e d i s a p p e a r -
LoanjD marai b e h i d d e n (v . i . ) ; d i s a p p e a r -
jLoan/j) marai (mempiu, ms^fo^^)
h i g h ( adv . ) ; far u p — a_ iu(s j r uyare
h i g h ( a d j . ) -&.ujpr uyar, a_lu/T /5^ uyamtha, 2_UJ(TLDfr«5r icyaramSna
h i g h leve l (n.) -S-lLip' f f l s j i su uyar nilai
h i g h ; wes t ; a b o v e -GLDA) mil, GLDGSU mele, QiBeonm melana
h i g h w a y (n . ) ; r o a d — WSiDSW salai, G}/5(S)(^a=^/rsinsy nedunjalai
h i l l (n . ) -i o s D S U malai, ( g s a r p t b kunram
h i m ( p r o n . ) ( f ami l i a r ) -^euanasT avanai ( a c e ) , ^ g l / s g ) ; a 5 ( g avanukku (da t . )
h i m ( p r o n . ) (po l i t e ) -^eyaniT avarai ( a c e ) , ^eii(t^S(^ avarukku (dat . )
h i m s e l f ( ref lex . ) ( f am. ) -^GUQGST avane, s^nQasT thane
h i m s e l f ( ref lex . ) (po l i t e ) — ^ajQp' avare
h i p ( n . ) ; w a i s t -g)(J)Ui_/ iduppu
h i s ( p o s s e s s i v e ) -avanudaiya ( f a m . ) ,
avarudaiya (po l . ) h i s t o r y ( n . ) -
surysfTfT^ varalSru h i t (v . t . ) -
0nQ
74
h o l d ( k e e p in h a n d ) (v . t . ) -
(iiii4.ffiffi, iSli4.0gi) h o l d (n . ) -
iSut-Uq pidippu h o l i d a y (n . ) -
e)S}Qi(tpeinp (jsrreiT) vidumurai (nal)
h o l y ; ' M r . ' -^(55 thiru
h o m e (n . ) , h o u s e -a )7 (p vfrfw
h o m e t o w n ( n . ) ; v i l l a g e ; c i t y -a a r j r wr, Q3=rT^0 amfr sontha ur
h o n e s t ( ad j . ) ; s t r a i g h t — G /T ner, GrsprenLDiurresT nermaiydna
h o n e s t y ( n . ) ; s t r a i g h t n e s s — Grgp'SsiLO nermai
h o n e y (n . ) -(S^m then
h o n e y b e e (n . ) -Gassjf thenl
h o n o r ( n . ) ; a d e g r e e , d i p l o m a — ULLI^LD pattam
h o n o r (v .L) —
perumaippadutthu
(o)«srr£ra5) gauravi {QgicnijeSlms, QffiswjraS^sjj)
h o n o r a r y (adj . ) -QaenijeiJ gaurava
h o n o r a b l e (adj . ) -
gauravamikka, QsierrtTGULDiTeisT gauravamana
h o n o r a b l y ( a d v . ) -QxerrpreuLDiTs; gauravamaga
h o p e ( v . t ) , b e l i e v e -/StJDL/ nambu Qcwu, rswiS)
h o p e ( n . ) ; be l i e f ; c o n f i d e n c e -[SmiSI<sein<s nambikkai
h o r n ( a n i m a l ' s ) (n . ) -QstTiMq kombu
h o r r i b l e (adj . ) -uvJiiia^LCirrstsT payangaramana
h o r r o r ( n . ) -QuQ^lhutULb perumbayam
h o r s e (n . ) -@@«!n/r kuthirai
75
h o s p i t a l (n.) -^ervu00ll^ asbatthiri, LDQ^^^eiiLDemesT marutthuvamanai
h o t (spicey) (adj.) -surrTLDfTesr karamana
sp ic iness (n . ) , p u n g e n c y -s/TjTib karam
h o t ( t emp . - n o t w e a t h e r ) -@(5) sudu, (S^L^nasr sudana
h o t & h u m i d ( w e a t h e r , e t c . ) , su l t r iness (n.) -
LfQ^ssiLO pulukkam
h o u r (of d a y ) ; be l l ; g e m -
LDSBJifl mani
o n e h o u r (o f t i m e ) -
oru rimni neram h o u s e (n.) -
a3(St vldu h o w ? (by w h a t m e a n s ? ) -
STUUUi. eppadi, erasssr/TSU ethanal
h o w (way in w h i c h ) -
Qs:iU(Lpeinro seymurai h o w m a n y ? -
eT0^es)ssr etthanai
s o m a n y -er^^anesiQiurr etthanaiyo
h o w m u c h ? -STsi/susffo/ evvalavu
so m u c h , a lo t -
'oTsLtsiHon^Gurr ewalavd h o w e v e r (in wha tever manner ) -
sTuuis^iunSlepiih eppadiyagilum
h o w e v e r ; e v e n t h o u g h -
^esm^LD andlum
h u g e (adj.) — iSsiuQufftuj miga-p-periya
h u m a n [of m e n ] (adj . ) -LDOsFl^ manitha,
manithanukkuriya h u m a n i t y (n.) -
manitha inam h u m i l i a t e (v. t . ) -
s,fTifi0^ thaltthu
h u m o r (n.) -rSS!n<S3=SH^aj nagaicchuvai
h u n d r e d (n . o r adj . ) -^gll nuru
76
h u n d r e d t h (n . o r adj .) -§Ifp[TeJg] nuravathu, girprrLD n « r a ; n ( a d j . o n l y )
h i m g e r (n . ) -uff} pasi
b e h u n g r y (v . i . ) , f a m i s h e d -pasi {uSiam, uSi^gi)
h u n g r y (adj . ) -u^lLjehefr pasiyulla
h u n t ( a n i m a l s , e tc . ) (v. t . ) -G)«i/L_sini_lUfr(S) vettaiyadu ( - ^ ( _ , - ^ U f . )
h t m t ( s e a r c h for ) (v . t . ) -Q^m-UUrrp thedippar
h i m t e r (n.) -
vettaikkaran, GeuQlOjeir veduvan
h u r l ( v . t ) ; t h r o w , t o s s -
h u r r i e d (adj . ) — ^eus'p'LDrrssr avasaramana, GeusLDfTstsr vegamana
h u r r i e d l y ( a d v . ) -^aj3=!X^^eo avasaratthil, QeasLDns vegamaga, 9aiStiXLDrrsi slkkiramdga
h u r r y (n . ) , h a s t e ; e m e r g e n c y -^euffp'lh avasaram, GeuiULD vegain, ^sSlfXLO sikkiram
h u r r y (v . i . ) ; b e r a s h -
avasarappadu ( - u i _ , - u i l ® )
h u r r y u p ( s o m e o n e ) (v. t . ) -
avasarappadutthu {.-u®00, -u(Si0^)
h u r t (v . t . ) -^ E / @ Q<3=UJ thlfigu sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qffdj^i)
h u r t ( a c h e ) (v. i . ) -Grsn no {Grsrra, Grsrr^^)
h u s b a n d (n.) -ffiSBJsrsilisir kanavan,
vlttu-k-karan
I I ( p r o n . ) -
rsnasT nan i d e a (n . ) ; t h o u g h t ; o p i n i o n -
• 5 ® ^ ^ karutthu, sTSSsrsssni ennam
77
idol (n.); shape; image; f o r m -g p j T ^ ^ murtthi
if (conj.); if said so -(^rehroiTeo enrol, ^esmso anal
if s o -appadiyanal
ignorance (n.); i n n o c e n c e -Qa/CTTfflnsrr vellai
i gno rance (n.) -^^iLitTonLD ariyamai .
i gno ran t (adj.) -^l^iunes ariyatha
ill (adj.); indisposed -^gi&Sliu asukkiya
iUness (n.); disease -QfBfTUj noy
i l luminat ion (n.); lamp -si5)«Tr65(g vilakku
image (n.); shape, form; idol -g p j T ^ ^ murtthi
imagina t ion ; inventiveness — ai)Umesr karpana!
imagine (v.L); keep -vaitthukkol (-QafTOTOT, -Q«/TKsir(jl);
i m a g i n e (v.) -karpanai sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qa^iu^y, ennippdr (-unffoa, -un^^gi)
im i t a t e (v.t.) -LSleirupiru pinparru (ijJrirupj), iSmuf)^)
i m m a t u r i t y ; youth; tenderness -^CfremLD ilamai
i m m e d i a t e (adj.) -udanadiyana
i m m e d i a t e l y (adv.); right a f t e r -^L-QGST tidane
i m p a t i e n c e (n.); irritation -^0^rTLD atthiram
i m p a t i e n t (adj.) -^ai^rjLDrresr atthiramana
i m p a t i e n t l y (adv.) -^^^[TLDrrs dtthiramaga
i m p o r t a n c e (n.); primary thing — (Lps&lULD mukkiyam
i m p o r t a n t (adj.); b ig -(Lp«S)uj(u)n'(Sw) mukkiya(mana), QufHiu periya
78
i m p r o v e (v.) -
munnerrappadutthu
i m p r o v e m e n t (n.); r e f o r m -(ipenQestpipLn munnerram
in (prep.) --^so -il, s^ehGen ulle
in o r d e r to , so that — ULSj. padi
i nc iden t (n.) -f&ay>S=^ nigalcchi
inc i te (v.t.) -^em(^ thundu
i nc lude (v.t.) -s_srTsrn_«@ uUadakku (- (_«ffi, -, i_«g));
semthukkol (-Qffiffsirsrr, -QarrmstQ!)
i n c o m e (n.) — euq^LDfT'SSTLD varumanam
i n c r e a s e (v.); ascend; cl imb -sjffy eru i^p, ^rSI)
i n c r e a s e (v.i.); m u l d p l y -Qu(r^(Q perugu {Qu([^s, Qu® ); LSI(Q migu {iBs, LBI(^0gi)
i n c r e a s e ( v . t ) ; multiply -Qu(§a(Q perukku
i n d e p e n d e n c e (n.) -
sutlianthiram i n d e p e n d e n t (adj.) -
suthanthiramana i n d e p e n d e n c e (freedom) (n.) -
Q5)(51^ensu viduthalai i n d u s t r y ; work; occupation -
tholil(thurai) inf luence (v.t.) —
Qa^eoeurrssisfil selvakkali (-<^6i9««, -^sfH^gi)
in f luence (n.) -Qc?aba//r<B@ selvSkku
i n f o r m (v.t.); armounce — Q^/fla5) therivi (6) /fla5)ffiffi, Q^ifleSl^gi); |)5)«l5? arivi
i n f o r m a t i o n (n.) -Qffiu^ seythi
i n j u r e (v.t.); ha rm -^ /E / (g QsFlU thlngu sey (- Qfftiiiu, - Qffiu^);
79
keduthal sey
i n j u r y (n.) -^anU) thimai,
Qffi(5)@ keduthi inhale (v . t . ) ; p u l l , d r a g - -
g)(y> ' I "
i n k (n.) -enin inai
innocence (n . ) ; i g n o r a n c e -Qeuenmen vellai
innocence (n.) -
kurramarrathaiimai innocent (adj.) -
(e^ppLapp kurramarra
inoculate (v.t.) -
usi podu
(- Guf f i_ , - Guffi l©) i n o c u l a t i o n (n. ) ; n e e d l e -sssS\
insane (adj.) -anu^^iu paitthiya
insane person (n.) —
paitthiyakaran (m. ) .
paitthiyakSri ( f . )
i n s a n i t j ' (n.) -
paitthiyam
insect (n.) -y # © pucchi
ins ide , w i t h i n (space) -a-sfr ut, a _ s K B s w uUe
inspect (v.t . ) — GsFfT^ sothi
(Cff /7g««, G i f n ^ ^ g i ) i n s t a l l ( v . t . ) ; c o n s t r u c t -. ^sniM amai
i n s t a l l ( v . t . ) ; establish -erv^rTLS sthabi (au^/rtSffi«, av0irLS^gi)
i n s t e a d (adv.) -U^SDna pathilaga
i n s t e a d o f -u^<so pathil
i n s t i t u t i o n (n . ) ; e s t a b l i s h m e n t -^emiMULj amaippu,
rSgtlOJesTLD niruvanam i n s t r u m e n t ( n . ) ; t o o l ; weapon —
r^lLj^Lo ayutham
SO
insu f f i c i ency (n.) -( g s n p f f c y s b k u r a i c c h a l
\t (adj.) -(ganffjffffsun'sisr kuraicchalSna
I (^anp^^ kuraintha,
j U00rr^ patthathu
I i n s u f f i c i e n t l y (adv.) -(^emptFffeufTs; kumicclmldga
i n s u l t (v.t ) -! ^a/ui0 avamathi
T i n s u l t (n.) -^euLD^ULj avamathippu
in te l l i gence (n.) ; k n o w l e d g e -^n5^eij arivu
i n t e l l i g e n t ; knowledgeable -^nSlei^enerr arivulja
in tense (adj. ) -$aSl[r t h i v i r a , ^eSIp'LDfTesT thiviramana
i n t e n s i t y (n.) ; rad ica l i sm -^eSlljLD thiviram
i n t e n s i t y (n.) ; s p e e d -G s i / a L D vegam
in tense ly (adv. ) ; q u i c k l y -GeusLDfTSi vegamaga
i n t e n t i o n (n.) ; t h o u g h t -eremsssru) ennam
i n t e r e s t (n . ) ; enthusiasm -c^^/TSl /LO arvam
i n t e r f e r e n c e (n . ) ; in terrupt ion -(ggy<S®(i)^(5b kurukkiduthal, (gffy<S5S(5) kurukkidu
i n t e r f e r e (v . t . ) ; in terrupt -@g ! / «S ) ( 5 ) kurukkidu ((g2V«©i_, © f f y « © L . ® )
i n t e r v a l (n . ) ; m i d d l e — ^esiL- idai
i n t e r v e n e (v.t . ) -(^gUdQQi kurukkidu
( (ga/ f f lSi_ , ggi/ff i®!!®) i n t e r v e n t i o n (n.) -
@ffy<55S(5) kurukkidu i n t r o d u c t i o n (n.) -
^^(LpsiLb arimugam
i n v a d e (v . t . ) -usni— ST(5) padai edu
(- ffr®ffiffi, - E T ® ^ ^ ) i n v a s i o n (n.) -
uesiL-QiuQiULi padaiyeduppu
i n v e n t ( v . t . ) ; d i s c o v e r -•xemQiLSlu^ kandupidi
(-L5)i^«a;, -iSif^as;) i n v e n t i o n (n . ) ; d iscovery —
karidupidippu
81
invest igate (v.t.) -^rrrriu aray
investigation (n.); r e s e a r c h -^[rrriU3:& Sraycchi
investigation (n.) -eSlffrTjjen^em visaranai
investigate (v.t.) -e&fffrri'msm GisFiu visaranai sey (- Q01UIU, - Q f f i L i ^ ) ; tsSlffirfU visari
invi tat ion (n.) -^emLpULj a[aippu
invite (v.t.) -^stnip alai (^raiyjds*, ^mLpfi^)
i ron (n.) -^ ( T j i i L / irumbu
i r r i ta t ion (n.); impatience -^^^rrih atthiram
i r r i t a t ion (n.); bum sensation -&T/fl#ffsb ericclial
i r r i t a t e (v.t.) -ST/fl#ffsyffil(51 ericchaluttu ( -aan lL , -ssniLiSf.)
is, exists (v.i.) -a _ s w(5) un4u (only form)
i s land (n.) — ^ s y th'ivu
i ssue (of publication); vol. -u^uq pathippu, eSlajsnnijUi vivahSram
be i ssued (v.i.); be b o m -iStp pirn {iSpsa, iSlp^gj)
i t , that (thing) (pron.) -athii
it, this (thing) (pron.) -^gl ithu
J j a c k a l (n.) -rsii\j a i l (n.) -
sirai( cchalai) j a s m i n e (n.) -
LoeoeSlsmsa malligai "Arabian" j a s m i n e (n.) -
( ipsbsinsi) mullai j e a l o u s y (n.), envy -
Qurrprrs^nLD pordmai j e w e l (n.); g e m -
Loessfl mani, [T^^asrLD ratthinam
j e w e l r y (n.); o r n a m e n t -/5C!n65(«sfr) nagai(gal)
82
j o b (n.) -Gexiemev velai
j o i n (v.i.); unite; c o l l e c t -9n.Qt kudu ( * . ! _ , « i ^ . )
j o i n (v.t.); unite; c o l l e c t -Qa^ir ser {Qsvsm, Gsi^)
j o i n (with) (v.i.); unite (with) -s^siwy Ga=/j onru ser (- G/fp-aa, - e*jj5^)
j o k e (n.) -G<BSi5) mi
j o k e r (n.) -Q&nian'sRt komdli
j o u r n e y (n.); travel -LSlcrturremLD {uiuemiM) piraydnam (payanam)
j o u r n e y (v.i.) -lil/riu/T-sssTLb (uttjsranb) Qa^iu pirydnam (payanam) sey (- Gifftiiiu, - Giffiugi)
j o y (n.); happiness -^ s s r u i i inbam, LoSlljpff^ magilcchi
joyfu l (adj.) -magilcchiydna
joyful ly (adv.) -magilcchiydga
j u d g e (n.) -$0u^ nithipathi
j u d g e (v.t.) -^^uueffl thirppali ( - , j V 6 r 9 « « , -^eUl^gi)
j u d g m e n t (n.) -§,UULl thtrppu
j i i m p (v.i.); leap — kuthi ((g ««, <Q^^§i)\
UfTlil pay {uniu; uniu^gi) j u n c t i o n ( n . ) ; crossing —
5T5P(L!/L/) santhi(ppu) j u n g l e (n.), forest -
((-/^/r)«/r(5) (puthar)kadu, eiiasTLD vanam
j u s t (because), no particular reason —
stLDLDrT summa j u s t (only) (adv.) -
L0il(5 ) U ) mattum j u s t (right, lawful) (adj.) -
Gns/T ner, G/Hjr/rew nerdna
j u s t i c e (n.) — ( g p nXthi
K k e e p (v.t.); imagine , suppose -
eineiiaigj'xQaiTerr vaiithukkol
83
key (n.) -fffTeSl savi
kick (v.L) -a_s !n^ uthai
(B/rsU/rd) a_S5i^ kalal uthai (- S-eS)0^, - iL.6S}^^)
kick (n.) -
kiU (v.t.) -Qsrr&i kol
k i l l (v.t.); ruin -Q^rremeo tholai (Q^n-sKisufflffi, Gl^irsnsv0^)
be killed (v.i . ) ; be r u i n e d -Q^fToneo tholai ( Q ^ / r c n s u i u , Q^/rfflneu^^)
kind (n.), sort, class -
^esnh inam
kind, sort; manner; portion -
QjsmiB vagal
k i n d (gentle) (adj.) -
^rysxinrrem irakkamana
k i n d (adj.); friendly -
^asTUrresr anbdna
kindness (n.) -^ s J T L / anbu
k i n g (n.) -^ffffeir arasan, tjrr^rr raja, LoeirasTssT mannan
k i n g d o m (n.) -^Cr<s^ arasu, prr^iULo rajyam
kiss (v.t.) -(LP^^LSQ) mutthamldu ( - g ) L , - g ) L ® )
kiss (n.) -
(Lp^^lh muttham
kitchen (n.) — ffemLDiuso ^anp samalyal ami
kite (plaything) (n.) -uiLl—LD pattam
knife (n.) -katthi
knot (v.t.) -(Lptjj. mudi
Qfiis^ Qua® mudipodu (- G u / n _ , - QunCtSi)
knot (n.) -
(Lfiis^ffa- mudicchu
k n o w (v.t.); understand-•S^n^ ari {^fUm, ^id^gi)
k n o w (pred.), understand -L/ffltt/ii puriyum
don't k n o w (pred.) -LjlfliUfT^ puriyathu
knowledge (n.) — <^j75)si/ arivu
k n o w (v.) ; know how to -Q^lfl theri (Q^iSiu, Q^ffljs^) ;
Q^lfliLlLD theriyum {pied.}
don't k n o w -Qfil^turr^ theriyathu
L labor (n.) -
S-anLpULJ ulaippu L a b o r (n.); workers -
Q^rTifleonefrir tholilalar l a c k (n.); f law -
(gemp kurai l a c k (pred.) -
^ia)S5)su illai l a d d e r (n.) -
STSiSsfl enl l a k e ; tank (man-made lake) -
^ / f l eri, @srrii> kuhm l a k h (100,000) (n. or adj.) -
s u i l f f L O latcham
l a m p (n.); illumination -QSISTTCBQ vilakku
l a n d (agric.) (n.); ground -r§etiLh nilam
language (n.); saying; word -QlMfTlfi molt
lap (n.) -LDLq. madi
large (adj.); important -Quifluj periya
last (n.); final; e n d -ffiSJDi—ffl kadaisi
last (at last) -^gU^^lJSleo) iruthi(yil)
last (to continue) (v.) -
0Lq. nidi (jSifffias, fui.0gi) last (to wear well ) (v.i .) -
a_s!r)y) ulai ( i l _ S S l L p f f i « , iL.SS\Lp^§])
late (adj.); delayed -L S I ^ ^ I U pinthiya, ^fTLD^LDiretrr thamathamana
lately (adv.) -3=LSu^^eO samibatthil
la t r ine (n.) -d5«aii.sfu kakkus
l a u g h (v. i . ) ; s m i l e -&lfl siri (g)/flffl«, ffl/fl^^)
85
laughter (n.); smile-QfHuLf sirippu
law (n.); rule-fflLu-lh sattam
lawful (adj.) -ffiLL-LD Ltfl'suLDaesr sattam-purvamdna
lawj'er (n.) -
vakkit (vakkil) lazybones (a lazy person) -
Qs^fTLoQuf^ somberi lead (show the way) (v.t.) -
OJifisfTlLQ valikattu
lead (control; go first) (v.t.) -(Lpsir flffsi) mun chel (- Qffebcti, - (olffsjrgi;)
leaf (of a plant) (n.) -^ s n s u ilai
leap (v.i.); jump -urnu pay {uiTtu, uiTiu^gi);
kuthi ((gg)d5«, (s^^sj) leap (n.);jump-
umiiffs^eo paycchal, @@ kuthi
learn (v.t.); study -«sb kal {apx, apgu)
learn (v.t.) -spgi]<sQsirreir karrukkol {-Qauarar., -Q«/Tsrar®)
learned (adj.) -spfog^^^ karrarintha
learning (n.); study -ffisboS kalvi
leather (n.); hide; skin -Gs^rrso thai
leave (v.t.); let go -a5)(il vidu {eSlL_, eSliL&)
left (side) (n. or adj.) -^l—SI idathu
left side (n.) -^l—gll USSLD idathu pakkam
leg (n.); foot; quarter (1/4) -arrsb kdl
legal (adj.) -
sattan-jdrntha,
sattappadiyana lend (v.t.) -
<Bi_sJrQ«fr(J) kadan-kodu
length (n.) -/fsTTib nUam
lengthen (v.i.) -/fsyru3/r@ nllamdgu ( - ^ « , -^S) )
lengthen (v.t.) -^enLnrT3i(Q nllamakku ( - ^ « « , -^ffiS))
lengthy (adj.); protracted -^erTLDtresT nilamana
protractedly (adv.) -^iLuj- nltti
leopard (n . ) -&gU0sin^ siruttliai
less (adj.) -(ganpiu kuraiya,
(g)(SS)pei]nen kuraivana
lesson (n.) — UfTl—LD pddam
let (v.t.); permit —
anumathi kodu (- QairQiss, - Qsn®^)
letter (communication) (n.) — xi^.^LD kaditham
letter (of the alphabet) (n.) -^(Lp0^ elutthu
level (amount) (n.) -^etreij alavu
evenness (n.) -ffLD^erTLD samathalam
level (adj.); flat -LDlLl—LDfTesr mattainSna
liar (n.) -Qumuiuem poyyan
library (n.) -
md nilaiyam, ^etiSLD nulagain
lie (around) (v.i.); remain -kida (S)i_«ffi, gl/_|sg/)
lie (v.); lie down -uQi padu {uQiaa, u&^§!)
lie (n.), falsehood -Qurnu poy
lie (speak falsely) (v.i.) -Qumjj Gusn- poy pesu
' (- Qua:, - GuSi) life (n.); breath; vowel -
£_u5)/r uyir lif e(n.); breath-Qpffa mUcchu
life (n.); living; flourishing - -eurTLpAmai vdlkkai
"long life!"-suffipa valga
lifeless (adj.) -£_iz5)/7 glsbsoff^ uyir illatha
lift (v.t.), raise; pump — ^pgu erru {^prp, ^p^)
87
lift u p (v.t.); weigh -i5/7ffi© thakku
l ight (n.), i l lumiaation — figsifl oli, eiSeiratg vilakku
l ight (bright) ( a d j . ) -s^EBtunesT oliyana
l ightn ing (n.) -uSssrcsrsb minnal
l ike (appreciate) -LSiq-^fgLD pidikkum; iSllfliULb piriyam
don ' t l ike -iSis^sisrr^i pidikkathu; piriyam illai
l ike (v.) -effl(§LDLl virumbu {e6l(!iLDU, aSgjiiijI)
l iking (n.) -viruppam (viruppu)
l ike (similar to); as (if) -Gurreti pola, GurnA) pol
l ike, as; m a n n e r -LDFT^lfl mathiri
l ikeness (n.) -e^p^anLD orrumai
l ime (fruit) (n.) -
elumiccham-palam l imi t (n.); extent; measure -
^erreij alavu l imi t (n.); boundary -
ereoanev ellai l imi t (v.t.) -
exjetnp'UJg}] vararyaru (aycnfriuffj/ffids, eues)[rtug)j^^)
l imi ta t ion (n.) — euenp'tuemp varaiyarai
l ine (n.); tax -eu/fl vari, evfflans' varisai
l ine (string, rope) (n.) -SuSlgU kayint
l ion (n.) -&!BJ3iLD sihgam
l i p ( n . ) -a - ^ ( i ) uthadu
l ip serv ice -Gus'g^errsij pecchalavu
l iqu id (state) (n.) -^P'LDLD nirmam
l i qu id (adj.) -^p^LDUJLDfTesT nirmayamdna
l ist (n.) -ULLlSf.UJSO pattiyal
88
list (v.t.) -pattiyalil pathivu sey (- Qs^diiu, - Qffiligi)
l i s ten (v.i.); obey; a s k -Gffisyr kel (Gffiilffi, Gail®)
l i s tener (n.) — GsiLueveir ketbavan
l i t e r a t u r e (Tamil) ; nature -^lUfSO iyal
l i t e r a t u r e (gen.) (n.) -^ s U c s S ) ( u i i ilakkiyam
Uttle (adj.); small -ffln5)(U siriya, ^eksw sinna
a l i t t le (n.); s o m e -Qsn(^ffLD koHjam
l ive (dwell) (v.i.); r e s i d e -exi& vasi (sufflaa, oj^^gj)
l ive (v.i.); breathe -a_u5)p" uyir (a_ii51j«ffi, s-iiStt0gi)
l ive (adj.), l iving -s^u5\(§<S{Tea uyirulla
l ive (v.i.); p r o s p e r -eunip vdl (ojaifi, ajrr^p^)
l ive long! -exifTlfia valga
l iving (n.), life -exirryisansi valkkai
l i z a r d (garden) (n.) -fi^tsw/TSST ondn
wall l i z a r d (gecko) -UeOsSl palli
l o a d (n.) -cK-ssiLO sumai
l oad (v.L) -3i<ss)LD ejipgil sumai erru (- V P P . - ^P jS)
l o a n (n.) -cS5L_ssr kadan
local (adj.) -@ L _ ( ^ a^rrpr^^ idan jamtha
lock (v.t.); shut, c l o s e -^es)L^ adai (^OTLffiffi, ^smi^^gj)
lock (v.t.) -y t l ( 5 ) puttu ( y L j _ , y i l 4 - )
l ock (n.) -lodge (n.) -
eSlQi^ viduthi loneUness (n.); so l iwde -
^stsflemLD thanimai. lonely (adj.); s e c l u d e d -
^esfl^^ thanittha
89
long (adj.) -fieiTLOlTasT nilamana
long t ime -^eswi— rsfrerr ntnda ml, Qp-mJau tsmsh romba nal
look (v . t ) ; see; try -U/T/T par {unfiax, unj^)
look for (v.L); seek -(3 ® thedu ((50i_, G^if)
look like (v.i.); a p p e a r -G^!Tmgu thonru
lo rd (n.), master, boss -ST^LDrresr ejamnn
lose (sth.)-(v.t); t h r a s h -Qainmeo tholai
lose; be ruined; be done wi th -Qas/rsmsw tholai
lose (v.i.), be defeated -(S^rrA) thol (G^rrps, Q^upips)
lose (v.) -g)Lp ila (g)ip««, g )y )^^ )
loss (in business, etc.) (n.) -g ) y ) U L / ilappu
lost (adj.) -^Lpp^ ikmtha
l o u d noise (n.) — 3=0iSLb sattham
l oud (adj.) -s=^^(LpeheiT satthamuUa
louse (insect) (n.) — Ouesr pen
love (n.); a f f e c t i o n -^eivLl anbu
love (v.t.) -^eisTLi QsfT&r anbu kol (- Qsnsnerr, - Qairssiirfi)); ( 5 / 5 ^ nesi
loving (adj.) -^ekqerrerr anbulla
love (romantic) (n.) — StTSSeo kathal
love (romantic) (v.t.) -srr^eSI katlmli
l ove r (n.) -an^eSl ksthali (t), arr^eoesr kathalan (m.)
lovely (adj.) -^Lfisrrem ahgana
l ow (adj.) -^rri^^ thalntha, ^fTj^eurrsu thdlvana
90
loyal (adj.) — visuvasamulla
loyal ty (n.) -eS\aeurT3=LD visuvasam
l u c k (n.), good fortune -[SpQugXi narperu
l u c k (chance, accident) (n.) -^ p Q a ^ u j s i ) tharcheyal
l u c k (n.); good fortune — ^^/rE^i—ti) athirshtam
luck i ly (adv.) —
athirshtavasamaga l u c k y (adj.) -
athirshtamulla l u g g a g e (n.), baggage -
ff^rTLDtrm saman M ' m a c h i n e (n.) ; engine—
( U / s ^ t r t i yanthirain m a d (state of being angry) -
QanULD kobam m a d (angry) (adj.) -
GsrruQpehefr kobamulla, QarruLDrresT kobamana
m a d l y (angrily) (adv.) -GstTULDfTs; kobamSga
m a d (insane) (adj.) — onu^^iu paitthiya
m a d n e s s (insanity) (n.) -emu0^ujlh paitthiyam
m a d p e r s o n (n.) — (snu^^ujd<srT[reir paitthiyakkaran (m.) , paitthiyakkari (f.)
m a g a z i n e (n.) ; newspaper — U^^lflsema patthirikkai
m a i l (post) (n.) — ^urreb thabal
m a i n (adj.) -
thalaimaiyana, mukkiyainana
m a j o r (adj.) — Quq^LDumsiirresr perumbdldna
m a j o r i t y (n.) -
perumbanmai ' a m a j o r i t y o f t h e p e o p l e ' -
Quq^LDunGecnp perumbaldr
91
make (v.t.); effect; create -make (v.t); do -
uememi pamu (ucMTssur, usOTsrafl);
sey (Qffiuiu, Gla^iiig]) male (n.), manliness -
c^afsr an, LDSufl ssr manithan
male gender (n.) -^emuneo Snbat
man (n.); person-c^sfr al, an, LDSsfi^eisT manithan
manager (n.) -QiDStirTerrpr melalar
mango (ripe Suit) -LDlTlhuLpilt mam-palam
man(liness) (n.) -^(5iJ!i7"(snii3) dn(mai)
manly (virile) (adj.) -^smesiLDtLfenetf anmaiyulla
manner (n.); way -LOfT^lfl mathiri, eiJLfi vali
manner (n.); way; kind; sort; division; portion -
eiianss vagal
many (adj.) -USD pala
many (persons) -USOff palar
of many kinds -ueoeSI^LDiTasr palavithamana
liow many? -ST^^smssr etthanai
that many; so many; so much — ^^^anasT atthanai
map (n.); pictiue -UL^LD padam
march (military) (v.i.) -ffiL_/5^ G)<?su kadanthusel (- Qffajsu, - QffosTgii)
mark (n.), s ign-@ff5)(«5'(5l) kuri(yldu)
mark (v.t.); denote — (gnS kuri ((gjSJss, rsf^^y, (QiiSltiSl(S> kuriyidu
market (n.) — <5S!nL_ kadai, ff^em^ santhai, ^liiaifTLSj. angadi
92
marriage (n.), wedding — SiSOiunemLD kalyanam, @(g)u)S5isr / i (thiru)manam
marry (get married) (v.i.) -seoiurreswiM Qffiu kalyanam sey (- Qsiuiu, - Qfiugi); 0(75)u)S5WU) Qa=iu (thirujmanam sey
mass (n.); lump -dSlli^. katti
master (n.); boss; lord -STgU3/rssr ejaman
mat (n.) -umu pay
match-box (n.) -^UQULLI^. thi-p-pettl
match-stick (n.) -tht-k-kucchl
material (n.) — mula-p-porul
matter (n.); affair — SfrAtUih kariyam
matter (n.); news -Qffiu^l seythi
matter (n.); meaning; goods Qutrq^eh porul
mature (adj.); old -ues)LpuJ palaiya
may (aux. v.); can — (Lpuj.ll]lh mildlyum
can ' t -(tpis^iurr^ mudlyathu
maybe, perhaps -s^OGsKSinsTr oruvelal, sg(5ffi/TS>J orugdl
me (pron.) -srssrsmsisT ennai (ace), OTS3r<B@ enakku (dat.)
meal (diimer) (n.) -S=[TUUnQl sappadu
mean (intend, denote) (v.) -sq^Sil karuthu (a® , «®@)
meaning (n.) — ^fs^Stia arttham
meaning (n.); matter; goods -QuiT(§efT porul
means (n.); manner-measure (v.t.) -
^etr ala (_^snAa, ^m^gj); ^srrffii5)(5) alavidu (^srra5li_, srraSlil®)
measure (n.); amount; limit — . ^srrsiy alavu
93
meat (n.); flesh-^empffS iralcchi,
<S0I kari
cooked meat (n.) -
LDfTLSfflii mamisam
m e c h a n i s m (n.); structure -
^anLDLlL] amaippu
medicine (n.) —
(-0(75^^ marunthu
meet (v.) -575^ santhi
meeting (n.); crowd — aSuL-L_iL kuttam
melt (v.i.) —
unigu -L^SI)
melt (v.t.) -urukku
(i,@«<s, 2_(g«g))
m e m o r y (n.) —
(S^fTLl6;LD nabagam,
^anesrsLl ninaivu
m e m o r i a l (n.) -
ninaivacchinnam mention ( v . t ) ; specify -
(g^ui3(g] kunppidu
m e r c h a n t (n.) -eiSllUfTUflffl viyabari .
m e r c y (n.); pity
^rxaaiLD irakkam
m e r c i f u l (adj.) -
karunaiyulla
a m e r e something; a blank -
Q a / g l / L O verum
message (n.) -
( dhuthu-c-Jcheythi messenger (n.) -
^^ek dhuthan,
m e t a l (n.) —
a_Gsu/Ti5li> ulogam
method (n.) -
(Lpemp(ss)LD) murai(mai)
m i d d a y (n.); noon -
Lo^^iUfTssTLh matthiyanam
m i d d l e (n.); interval -
^ S ! n i _ idai
middle, c e n t e r -/5(5) nadu, /SCJlOsi; rmduve, rS®eSleo naduvil
m i d n i g h t (n.) -
/SsfrsrS/rsv nailiravu.
94
m i l k (n.) — uneo pal
m i n d (n.); heart; w i l l -
LoesTii manam,
Lcissrgl manathu
mine (what belongs to me) -
eresT^ enathu,
ennudaiyathu m i n e (in the earth) (n.) -
aprBJaiM surahgam m i n e (to dig from the earth) -
surangam vettu (- QgjL'.i ,, - QojLj!).)
m i n e r a l (n.) — aesflQLJn'(f^eh' ganiporul,
seeflLDLD ganimam
mingle ( v . i . ) ; mix with —
ffisl) kala (ffisu««, ffisu/Eg/)
m i n i s t e r (of govt.) (n.) -
- LD^^lfl manthiri m i n u t e (n.); moment -
- nimisham (nimidam) m i n u t e (very tiny) (adj.) -
iSlsa^fflr^lU migacchiriya, ^Cj-JLDfTesr nupamdna
m i r a c l e (n.) -
^^S^IUIM athisayam,
^ p L j ^ L D arputham
m i r a c u l o u s (adj.) -
^ p L f ^ w n s s T arputhamdna
m i r a c l e (n.); w o n d e r -
^fffflfllUlM acchariyam
m i r r o r (n.); glass(es) -
semsmmq- kannadi
misfortune (n.); sin; alas! -
urreuLD pdvam
M i s s (title) -
(QLDrrfrl kumdri
M r s . -^q^LD^ thimmathi
m i s s (one's target, etc.) (v.t.) -^ Q J g U thavaru (^aip, asaJ?Sl); 0eupeS}(gl thavaravidu (-ti5)(_, - a S J i i g i )
m i s s i n g (lost) (pred.) -ansmuui—tT^ kdrmppadathu
m i s t (n.); fog; d e w -L/csfl pani
m i s t a k e (n.) — sSOJgu thavaru, ( g p p i i kurram
95
mistake (v.) -
thavaraga ennu (- ersHTfiOTT, - ersssrsusi?)
mistaken (adj.) -^eUfpnesr thavardna
mistakenly (adv.) -eseuprrs thavaraga
mister (Mr.); holy, divine ^(5 thiru
mix (n.); m i x t u r e -•SsotJL/ kalappu
mix (v.t) -
kalavaiyakku i-^ss, -^«©)
mixed (adj.) -seVLJUfTetr kalappdna
mob (n.) -g i b u d ) kumbal
moderate (adj.) -iB^UKTesT mithamana
moderately (adv.) -LSl^LDas mithamaga
moderation (n.) -lE^lis mitham
composure (n.) -jfl^rran'LD nithanam
modera te (adj.) -rSl^irasTLDfresr nithanamdna
moderate ly (adv.) — ^^/resTLO/riSS nithdnamdga
m o d e m (adj.) -
puthumaiydna, iS&3esr navina,
tharkdla(tthiya) modest (adj.) -
^L^AsLDtTetsT adakkamana, ^U-SSQfimea adakkamulla
modestly (adv.) -^L^AmLDrra adakkamaga
modesty (n.); humility; unobtrusiveness -^L^SSlii adakkam
modesty (n.); shame — QeuiLsiLb vetkam
moment (n.); minute —
nimisham (nimidam) M o n d a y (n.) -
thingatHlamai money (n.) -
uessTLD panam
96
monkey (n.) -(g/Tffi/g kurangu
month (n.) -LDrT3=LD {wn^LO) masam (mdtham)
moon (n.) -f§leviT nils, /^csuoy nilavu, aTJ^iJ^ssr chanlhiran
more; still, yet; furthermore — ^ s a r e y / u a innum,
etsresrQpLD innamum more (adj.) —
^^SiLDrrssr athigamdna moreover (adv.); beyond -
^ULjpLD appuram beyond (in space) -
^LJLjpLb appuram moreover , besides -
CoLogj/tb melum, esTsmiLD innum
morn ing (a.m.) (n.) — ^^SirretDeo athikdlai
dawn (n.) -
vidiyarkalai mosquito (n.) -
fliss/r* kosu
mosquito-net (n.) -Qsirrsi- SI/OTIGU kosu valai
most (in number) (adj.) -u5)«L/Usu miga-p-pala, QweonesT meldna
mostly (adv.) -^^aLorrdj athigamdy, ^Q^SLons anegamaga
mothe r (n.) -^^LOLDfr amma, ^fTiLl thdy, ^etfretnesr annai
mother- in- law (n.) -LDiTLQiurr^ mdmiydr
mothe r l and (n.) -^mufsrrCSl thdynddu
motion (movement) (n.) -^es)ffGij asaivu
motion (in a meeting) (n.); resolution -
^ffLDfTesTLD thirmdnam mounta in (n.) -
LDSinsu malai, Sllfl girl
m o u r n (v.t.) -L/GOtbL/ pulambu [qeoibu, qeowiSl)
97
mourning (n.); bemoaning -LjsDLbueb pulambal
mouse (n.); r a t -ereSl eli
mouse (n.) — 3KiisrQi-.eSI sundeli
mouth (n.) -eumu vay
move (vX); agitate -^<ss)a^ asai
move (v.i.); be agi ta ted-asai
move (v.i.); d a n c e -
move away (v.t.); p u s h -^<siTi§Q thallu
move (push object) (v.t.) -[Ssp'^^ nagartthu
a o v e aside (v.i.) -f5«!T nagar {tB&n, i^avm)
m o v e ( n . ) -J5(—si/t^ffisma nadavadikkai
movement (n.); campaign — ^ i u « < s t i iyakkam
much , a lot of, excess -^^•Xih athigam
much - that much, so much -^djeuerreii awalavu
m u c h - this much, this many -^ s i / s i / s r r o / iwalavu
much , too much -rSsmpiu niraiya
much , a lot -iBseqih migavum
very— ij5)<5S miga
very m u c h -L8SS mikka
multiply (v.t.); i n c r e a s e -Qu(i^A(Q perukku (G)u(75«ffl, G)u(gfflffl)
mult iply (v.i.); i n c r e a s e -Qu(i^(g perugu
m u r d e r (n.) -Qsirransv kolai
m u r d e r (v . t ) -Qarremei) Qa^iLl kolai sey (- Qffiuio, - Qefiugi)
m u r d e r e r (u.) -Qarremeviurrefii kolaiyali.
music (n.) -S'lilS^lJD sangltham
98
mus t (aux. v.) — QeilsmQtLD vendum
m u s t n ' t (aux. v.) -3iJ-^rT0 kudathu
m y -STSsr en,
gTsaTSg);gini_m ennudaiya
myself (reflex, prou.) -^nGesr thane,
sTswa;(3<s enakke mystery (n.) -
vilangS-c-cheythi, LDP'LDLD marmam
suspense-packed (adj.) - . LD^LD marma
myster ious (adj.) -LDP'tDLDfTeu marmanidna
myster iously (adv.) — LD/7LDLD/r« marmamaga
N nai l (metal) (n.) -
c^CTsfl ani
nail (finger, toe) (n.); claw -/jdSii nagam
naked (adj.) -
nirvanamana, ^onL^iupp adaiyarra
nakedness (n.) — i^ffeurremLD nirvanam
n a m e (n.); reputation -Quajp- peyar
n a r r o w (adj.) -@(75a!son"G!!r kurugalSna
nat ion (n.); inhabited land — pfrQi nddu
n a t u r a l (adj.) -^lueounasr iyalbana, ^ ^iupenxiunresr iyarkaiyana
natura l ly (adv.) -^lueourrx iyalbaga,
^lupetnsiurTs; iyarkaiydga
n a t u r e (n.); disposition -^lUptsina iyarkai
na tu re ; quality; condition — ^eiremLD thanmai
navy (n.) -suun)ues)L. kapparpadai,
Sii_n)UsinL- kadarpadai n e a r (in space) (prep.) -
usa^^eo pakkatthil
99
n e a r -U-SSLD pakkam
n e a r (prep. ) -S)ilz_ kim
n e a r l y (adv . ) -SILLL-0£SL-I— kittatthatta
n e a t (adj.) -ap^LDrresT suuhamana
n e a t l y ; r e g u l a r l y ; e f f ic ient ly -s^^Lorra smhamaga
n e c e s s a r i l y ( adv . ) -SI' I rriULDrTs; kattayamaga, ^eu&iULDirai avasiyamMga
n e c e s s a r y (adj .) -siLL^niULDnssr kattayamdna, ^euSiULDfTosr avasiyamana, Q^aneuiurrasT thevaiydna
n e c e s s i t y (n : ) ; u r g e n c y -siLi—fTiuih kattayam, ^eil&iULCi avasiyam
n e c k (n.) -kalutthu
n e c k l a c e (u.) -
kalutthu mdlai, ff!BlS\e5\
n e c k l a c e (n . ) ; g a r l a n d -LDiremev mdlai
n e e d ( n . ) ; n e c e s s i t y -( p ^ e ^ s i / thevai
n e e d ( a u x . v . ) ; w a n t -(3aJS55r(5)Lb vendum
n e e d f u l (adj .) -Geuemis^UJ vendiya
d o n ' t n e e d , d o n ' t w a n t -GajsisrL^mh venddm
n e e d l e s s (adj .) -avasiyamillatha
n e e d l e ( n . ) ; i n o c u l a t i o n — aerS Usi
n e g o t i a t e (v . i . ) -
oppantham pesu (- Guff, - Guffl)
n e i g h b o r (n . ) —
pakkatthu vlttdr,
andai vlttdr n e i g h b o r i n g (adj .) -
uAs^^ pakkatthu n e i t h e r -
-s-ih . . . ^eoeu -um . . . alia
n e r v e (n. ) -rsryLDLf narambu
100
n e s t (n . ) — a^(j) kadu
n e u t r a l (adj . ) -nadunilaiydna
n e u t r a l i t y (n . ) -l^Qt^anso nadunilai
n e v e r (a t n o t i m e ) -
oru pothumillai n e v e r m i n d , n o m a t t e r -
ufrsu/TuSsbsinsu paravayillai
n e v e r t h e l e s s ( a d v . & con j . ) -^mn&illh analum
n e w (adj . ) -Lf§l puthu, L/^lU puthiya
news ( n . ) ; s u b j e c t m a t t e r -G)<5F^(dSsrr) seythi(gal)
n e v f s p a p e r (n . ) ; m a g a z i n e — u^@/f l<B£!n65 patthirikkai
n e x t ( in t i m e ) — ^®^§1 adutthu
n e x t ( in s p a c e ) -uAsi^^ pakkatthu
n e x t ( [ an ] o t h e r ) -iiWU maru, LOpp marra
n i c e (adj . ) — igiULDlTesr nayamdna,
arumaiydna n i c e l y ( a d v . ) ; w e l l -
r5SST(gi nangu, ^Q^emLDlUfTs; arumaiyaga
n i g h t (n . ) -^ / T s i / iravu, ^jjrr^^ifl irdtthiri
n i n e (n . o r adj . ) -«pS57"Ug/ onbathu
n i n t h (n . o r adj . ) — onbathavathu,
onbathdm ( ad j . o n l y ) n i n e t e e n (n . o r adj . ) -
patthonbathu n i n e t e e n t h (n . o r adj . ) —
patthonbathdvathu,
patthonbathdm ( a d j . o n l y ) n i n e t y (n . o r adj . ) —
QarremmirTpi thonnuru
101
ninetieth (n. or adj.) -Qajaememninneiis,! thonnuravathu, QanTsssremrrpiTLD thonnuram (adj. only)
no; not -^ s b e n s o illai
noble (adj.) -uyartharamana, perunthanmaiyana
nobleness (n.); greatness — S-iU^^rriJa uyartharam, Quq^mw perumai
nobly (adv.) -uyartharamdga, Qu(§<SS)LDlU!Td perumaiyaga
noise (n.) -a^^^LD sattham
noisily (adv.); aloud -a^^^Lorra satthamaga
none; nobody (pron.) -onram illathu, omvarum illai
noon (n.) — LD^iuih mathiyam, LD^^lurTGHTLO matthiySnam, rgsssrusiiA) nanbagal
normal (adj.); usual -Quir^mrT^l^ pothumathiri, 3'fr^trp'assriX!fTssr satharanwnana
north (adj.), northern -SUL_ vada
the nor th (n.) -sui_«(g vadakku
nose (n.); beak -fy)<K(g miikku
nose-ring C-stud) (n.) -ftp«@ P mukkutthi not (used attributively) -
^ s b s u alia not s o ? -
^eostneoiurr illaiya note (v.t.) -
^nSlLJLSlQl kurippidu , ( - @ 1 _ , -gjL.®)
nothing (n.) -onrum illai
zero (n.) -L ^ u j t i ) bUjyam
102
notice (v.t.); take care -xeiieefl kavani
notice (n.) -^^s&Ul-J arivippu
notiiy (v.t.) -ari
Q^l^eSI therivi (Q /flo51«ffl, G)^iflsSI0gi)
now (adv.) -^ijGurr ippo, ^iySuiT§d ippdthu, ^iljQurr(Lp^ ippoluthu
nowhere (adv.) -
engum illai nuisance (n.) —
Qssrrscemeii thollai number (n.) -
<oT<STSsr en assign number(s) (v.) -
ffTSMT GlsrrQi en kodu (- QsirQiAa;, - QartQi^gi)
number (v.t.); count — eressTfmi emu
(eTGMTSHar, ersMrcinifl)
o obey (v.i.); calm down —
cg>/l_(E/(g adahgu obey (v.t) ; listen; a s k -
Qam kel (Gffiilffi, Gdsiigi)
object (v.t.) -
ethirppu kUru (- i6in), - ffiiirS))
objection (n.) -ST^irUL/ ethirppu
obligation (n.); duty -sil^anui kadamai
obtain (v.t.); reach; approach -(^emt^tu, cgycnf—^^)
obtainable (pred.) — S)ES)L_«(g/i kidaikkum
not obtainable (pred.) — Slmi—SiStT^ kidaikkdthu
not available (pred.) -®£y)L_iung/ kidaiyathu
occasion (n.); t u m -^i_S!nsi/ thadavai
occasion (n.); time; religion -ffUiiuih samayam
103
occasionally (adv.) -sila samayangalil
occasionally; sometimes -eruGunQe^fT eppotho, eppothdvathu
occupy (space) (v.t) -^L-{BiQsrrerr idangol (-Q«ff«?rstr, -QsneisrQi)
occupation; work; industry -Q^fTi^d) tholil
ocean (n.); sea -«L.isb laidal
of (possessive) --£_£ni_ttJ -udaiya
offer (v.t.) -Qs;nQ\(Q«n®««, Q « / 7 ® ^ ^ ) ; ^ s i f l all (^aSffiar, .^e^^)
office (n.) -^^eueoxiii aluvalagatn
officer (n.); official -<=Si/@65ff/fi athikari
often (adv.) — ^U^sssuf. adikkadi, UffO(Lpes)n} pdlamurai
oU (edible) (n._)-^tsisiG\<oissriu enney
oily (adj.) — isj'sisfQemiLiu ums^\Lfeneir enney-p-pasaiyulla
old (adj.); mature-uas)LpiU palaiya, Qfi^iu muthiya
old man (n.) -SlLpeuek kilavan
old woman (n.) -SlLfieSl kiiavi
on (prep.); on top of; for -Lfigj mithu, QLDSO mil, GtoGsu inele
one (adj.); a, an (art.) — 9® oru
one (thing) (u.) -e^eirgjj onru
one (person) -^(i^ajp^ oruvar (m.f.), s^Oa/sar oruvan (m.), 9 ( Y 5 ^ @ orutthi(f.)
onion (n.) — QeuiiismuLD vengayam
only (one) -s^Sjr ore, ^eeflGtU thaniye
104
only (not more) — UiLL(5)Lb mattum
only (adv.), for one purpose — LDfT^^prili matthiram
open (v.t.) -^ / p rfjfra 0/D««,gjp/ )
open (adj.) -^p^^ thirantha
open (start) (v.) -Q^/TL_/E/@ thodahgu (Q^m-jiis, Q^iTLjiiS))
openii^ (n.); entrance -ajfTuSlA) vayil
opinion (n.); idea, thought -s;q^^§l{mrj) karutthu(rai)
opponent (n.) — er^lfl ethiri
opportunity (n.); chance-eurriuuL] vayppu, ff^^^UULD santharppam
opportunity (n.); occasion — ffLDlULb samayam
oppose (v.t) -S 7 ^ / T ethir (s^!7ffi«, ei^d^gd)
opposite, before (in space) -6T^/r ethir, er^Qir ethire, ej^rjneisr ethirana
oppress (v.t.) -cSV(ip<B@ amukku ^ ( L p ^ ^ alutthu (^(^0, «5V(tf^^)
or; if not — ^ebsu^ allathu
or (otherwise) -illSvittal, ^siiiMrre)SIU).(FO illSvidil
order (n.); (one's) turn — (Lpema) murai
order (command) (v.L) -«LL(_£!nsrru5)(jl kamlaiyidu (-§)'-, -g)L(Si); ^emsmuSlQi Smiyidu
order (n.), coimnand -xiLL^anerr kattalai, ^messr anai
order (peaceful situation) -^eiS)LD^ amaithi
ordered (adj.); disciplined-^(S^nlL0^^J/r6W amaithiyana, e^(Lpii/srre!ST oluhgana
orderliness (n.) -e^(Lgrki(eF, olungu
105
i n a n o r d e r l y m a n n e r ( a d v . ) -
e^Q^iii'SrTa; olungdga
o r d i n a r y ( a d j . ) -
satharana( mana)
o r d i n a r i n e s s ( n . ) -
satharanam
o r g a n i z a t i o n ( n . ) ; i n s t i t u t i o n -
^ODLDULl a m a i p p u
o r g a n i z e ( v . t . ) ; e s t a b l i s h -
^(SnLD amai
o r i g i n ( n . ) ; r o o t -
^ s u t i mulam
o r i g i n a l l y ( a d v . ) ; a t f i r s t -
muthanmuthaldga
o r n a m e n t ( n . ) —
^sssfi^seveir) ani(galan)
o r n a m e n t ( v . )
( w / c l o t h e s , j e w e l s ) -
^emsfl ani
( ^ 6 S 3 f l « < B , ^esafi^^)
o r n a m e n t ( n . ) ; j e w e i r ) ' -
flSSJiiS nagai
o t h e r ( a d v . , p r o n . ) ; o t h e r w i s e -
LDipgxi rnarru
o t h e r , t h e o t h e r ( p r o n . ) -
LDprp tnarra,
Lopn^gJ marrathu
o t h e r ; d i f f e r e n t ; w h a t ' s m o r e -
GeugjJ veru
o t h e r w i s e ( c o n j . ) ; o r — ^sosoiTsiSlLLi—rTso illdvittdl,
g)susi)/r6i5)t9.s l) illdvidil
o u r ( e x c l u s i v e ) ( a d j . ) -
eriajxerr engal,
eTlilSier^ei!)L^UJ engaludaiya
o u r ( i n c l u s i v e ) ( a d j . ) -
IBLD nam,
[Blli(Lpe!nL^uj nammudaiya
o u r s ( e x c l u s i v e ) ( p r o n . ) -
engaludaiyathu
o u r s ( i n c l u s i v e ) ( p r o n . ) -
!BLD(lfias)l—iU^
nammudaiyathii
o u r s e l v e s ( e x c l . , r e f l e x , p r o n . ) -
rBmsiaQen nShgale
o u r s e l v e s ( i n c l . , r e f l e x , p r o n . ) -
rSnQlD name
o u t , o u t s i d e ( n . ) -
Q s L / s r S u L / f f j t i velippuram
o u t , o u t s i d e ( a d v . ) —
Qeve/HGiu veliye
106
o u t e r ( a d j . ) -
Qeue/rl veil
o v e n ( n . ) -
^QiULj aduppu
o v e r ( a b o v e ) ( p r e p . ) -
Qweo mel
o v e r ( a c r o s s ) ( p r e p . ) -
(g^sGs; kurukke
o v e r ( f i n i s h e d ) —
mudi{vdna) o v e r t u r n ( v . i . ) -
« f f l 5 ) y ) kavil
{m^Lp, « a 5 ) y ) i 5 ^ )
o v e r t u r n ( v . L ) -
seSl^ kavil
(««i5?y>(K«, . s n 5 ) y ) ^ ^ )
o v e r t u r n ( v . t ) -
i_/{rL_(jl purattu
{qiTUL^, L / i r e l ^ . )
b e o v e r t u r n e d ( v . i . ) ; r e v o l v e -
L y f r s f r pural
(L/ jrerr , q[rsm(Si)
o w e ( v . i . ) -
kadan pattiru
(- U L a i ; . ® « « , - uil.tii.(s^)
o w n ( a d j . ) -
Qs=n^^ sontha,
Qa^n^^LnnesT sonthamdna
o w n ( v . t . ) ; p o s s e s s —
QuprSl(l$ perriru ( - g ) ( g « « , -^(sm)
o x ( n . ) ; o x e n ; c a t t l e -
S T ( 7 5 ^ eruthu,
arrstneiTLDn® kalaimddu,
LonQi madu
P p a c e ( n . ) ; w a l k -
/5(S3)Z_ nadai p a g e ( n . ) ; s i d e ; v i c i n i t y —
ueiaiLCi pakkam
p a i l ( n . ) ; b u c k e t -
eunsB vdli
p a i n ( v . i . ) ; a c h e -
sueSI vali
p a i n ( n . ) ; a c h e -
aieSl vali p a i n f u l ( a d j . ) -
eueSliunetsT valiydna
p a i n l e s s ( a d j . ) —
eueSl ^sceon^ vali illdtha p a i r ( n . ) ; c o u p l e -
G^mq. jodi
p a p e r ( s h e e t ) ( n . ) —
srT^s^Lb kdgitham
107
parents (n.) -
QupQpnir perrSr
park (public garden) (n.) -Lj^lRISfT puhgd
parrot (n.) -©srS Hli
part (n.); portion; region -
paguthi
partly (adv.) -
konjamnga
take part (v.i.) -uiii^ GlsrrefT pangu kol (- QsashGrfj - QxrTew(^)
particle (n.); droplet — Qmu-Qi sottu
party (political) (n.) -katchi
party (pol.) (n.); association -
SLpsih kalagam
pass (v.L); cross -«L_ kada («i_««, ffii_^^); 6 5 i _ / 5 ^ G)a=sb kadanthu sel (- Q^ciJeu, - Qffdffii^)
pass (an exam) (v.t.); qualify -CS^giy f/ierw (G^p, G^jSl)
pass (n.); passage-way -«L- sut^ kada-vali
passenger (n.) -iSlijujnessfl (uiuicSJsff) pirayani (payani)
passionately (adv.) -^emffluiTS asaiyaga
past (adj.) -a;/_J5^ kadantha,
irantha
the past (n.) -
kadantha kalam,
irantha kalam path (n.); way -
s u t ^ va/i patience (n.) —
QurrguemLD ponimai patient (opp. of impatient) -
Qurrg}jss)LDUjrrsu porumaiyana
patiently (adv.) -
porumaiydga patient (medical) (n.) -
(Srsmuirefh noyali patronage (n.); protection -
^^p'eij dtharavu pay (n.); salary -
s^LDUeiTlSi sambalam
108
pay (v.t.) -
3=LDuerTLD QsfrQi sambalam kodu (- (fl)<s/rC51«:«, - Qan@0^)
payment (n.) — QiSfrQi^^eo kodutthal
peace (pol. & psych.) (n.) -^enUD^ amaithl
peaceful (adj.) — ^anLD^lurresr amaithiyana
peafowl, peacock, peahen -LDuSeo mayil
peanut (n.) -(/^(a)ffi)«i_S!nsi) (nila-k-)kadalai,
(ver-k-)kadalai peg (n.); post; sprout, shoot —
(xpansTT mulai people (n.) —
msiaiecT makkal is perceived (pred.), visible —
O^/fli i/ib theriyum perceived (adj.), visible -
Qfil^^^ therintha not perceived, etc. (pred.) -
Q^lfliUfT^ theriyathu unperceived (adj.), invisible -
Q^lfliurr^ theriydtha
percent — ff^eS^LD sathavitham
perfect (adj.); flawless — (^ippLopp kurramarra
perhaps (adv.) -e^(f^(Seijes)err oruvelai,
(^(fg3HTeo orugal period (of time) (n.) -
xneoLD kalam,
ffifraULJu®^ kalappaguthi permit (v.t.) -
^L/i/QiSfr© idahgodu (-Q«(r(51ffiffi, -QanQi^gS)
permission (n.) -
anumathi (anumathi) perseverence (n.); attempt —
(LpiupSl muyarchi,
vidd muyarchi person (n.); man —
c ^ s r r si person (n.); people -
Guir per personal (adj.), one's o w n -
sontha{mdna) picture (n.); f i l m (cinema) —
UL^LD padam
109
piece (n.) ; slice; t o w e l -
gjemQi thundu
Pig(_n-)-(JSJT/75) panri
pigeon (n.) , dove -
qpfT pura
p f f l ( n . ) -
(siru] matthirai
p i l l a r ( n . ) -
^essr thun
p i l l o w (n.) -
^emeoiuosisfl thalaiyani
p i t y (n . ) ; mercy; sympathy -
^IXStSLD irakkam,
sq^eoem karunai
p i t i f u l (adj.) -
irakkamudaiya
place ( v . L ) ; put ; keep —
<oS)GlJ vai (ensuffi^, anei/^^)
place (n.) -
^ L _ i i ) idam
place (n.) ; s t a t i o n -
filaneiiUjLD nilaiyatn
p l a i n (adj.); empty; mere -QsK£l/Lb verum
p l a n (adj .) ; scheme -
^L-l—LD thittam
p l a n (v . t . ) -
^LLL_L8(St thittamidu
p l a n e t (n.) -
Qsaea kal, Slfxaiss giraham
p l a n k ( n ) ; board ( w o o d ) -
uevaDS palagai
p l a n t (botanical) (n.) -
Q a = t f sedi
p l a n t (a tree, etc.) ( v . t ) ;
f i x (a post, etc.) —
^ ( J l nadu (jBi—, !SL-(5))
p l a t e (dish) (n . ) ; tray -
^LLQ) tham
p l a y (n . ) ; d r a m a -
{BfTiSLb nadagam
p l a y (v .L) -eSletnerriUfrQi vilaiySdu (oSssterriurTL., cSlestariuiTiii.)
p l a y f u l (adj .) ; f u n n y -
eSlssvsaturTLL-i—nssT
vilaiyattdna
please ( v . t ) ; make happy -
LDSlerraSI magilvi
no
p l e a s i n g (adj.) -LSLS^^^LDITSST
piditthamana,
^asfliu iiiiya
p l e a s u r e (n . ) ; happiness -
^esTULD inbam,
3=^G^rT<Si^LCi santhosham
p l e n t y (n.) -
LSI(Q^ miguthi
p l e n t i f u l (adj.) -
miguthiyana
p o e m ( n . ) ; verse; s o n g -
UfTi—A) pSdal,
Qa^iuiLjerr seyyul
p o e t ( n . ) ; scholar —
L/swsu/r pulavar
p o e t (n.) -
<S5fflS) kavi,
<Bai5)(Bj/j' kavinar
p o e t r y (n . ) ; p o e m -
seSlecii^ kavithai
p o i n t ( n . ) ; dot , spot —
qerre/a pulli p o i n t (sharp) (n.) —
55)J7 kur
p o i n t e d (adj.) -
si^Auj kuriya
p o i n t o u t ( v . t ) , show -
(»L.t iJ .«)«/Tt l (51 (sutti-k-)kattii {-siml^L., -srnlMf.)
p o i s o n (n.) -
eSla^LD visham,
^(e^3r nanju
p o k e ( v . t ) ; make e n t e r -r^emtp nulai
p o l i c e (n.) -sureneo kaval
p o l i c e d e p a r t m e n t (n.) -
kavalthurai
p o l i c e m a n (n.) —
SifTexisVff kavalar,
GurreSewsiiTrrir pBliskarar
p o l i c y (n.) -
Offi/rSTTOTcB kolkai
p o l i t i c s (n.) —
^rjS\ujLD arasiyam
p o l l u t e (v . t . ) —
mdsu-padutthu (-u®^^, -uO^g)
p o n d e r ( v . t ) ; t h i n k ; consider -erememi ennu
n", ffifflEirsBafl)
p o o r (adj.) -
e^anLpiurresr elaiyana
p o o r p e r s o n (n.) -
e^rantp elai
p o o r people (n.) -
S7S!ny)ioa;<5«r elai-makkal
p o p u l a r (adj.) -
LfaLprrasT pugalana
p o p u l a t i o n (n.) -
makkalthogai p o r c h (n.) , verandah -
eSlpn^emgi viranthai
p o r r i d g e (n.) -
<ss(ff^^ kaiiji
p o r t (n.) -
gles)p(LpSLD thuraimugam
p o r t i o n (n.) ; s h a r e -
ua/(g pafigu
p o r t i o n (n.) ; d i v i s i o n ; k i n d -
eJems vagal
p o s i t i o n (place) (n.) -
^/ ih idam
possess (v. t . ) -
Qsrret kol (Qairsrrsrr, G)«/rs5iir®)
possession(s) (n . ) ; goods -
Qs^rr^^ sotthu,
Qa=nMSiLD sontham
possible (aux. v . ) -
(Lpuj-iLjib mudiyum
n o t possible (aux. v . ) -
QfiUj-iUirgl mudiyathu possible (adj.) -
mudiyakkudiya
p o s t (n . ) ; p o s i t i o n , rank -u^eSi pathavi
p o s t ( m a i l ) (n.) -
^urreo thabal p o s t off ice (n.) -
^UfTO} ^iSeh) thabal ab'is p o s t m a n (n.) -
StUneosnuasr thabal-karan p o s t (a letter, e t c . ) ( v . L ) -
^urrso G)uLLLq.u5)A> GurrQ thabal pettiyil pBdu (- C!u(n_, - GumlJSi)
p o s t p o n e ( v . t ) , p u t o f f -0errefHuQurTQi thalli-p-podu (-(5u/n_, -QunCQi)
p o t (any rounded vessel) -
@L_Lb kudam
p o t (metal) (n.) -
UfT0^[nh patthiram
(clay) p o t (n.) ^
urrmssr pdnai
( f lower) p o t (n.) -
(L^)G)^/T£l4. (pu-t)thotti
112
p o t a t o (n.) -
urulaikkilangu
p o u n d ( v . t . ) ; s m a s h -
idi {^Uj-ma, ^ui4gi) p o u n d ( into p o w d e r ) (v . t . ) -
QuiTLq-lUfT^S^ podiyakku
p o u r ( v . ) ; flow d o w n — seaipgll urru {asnpp, smpigl)
p o v e r t y (n.) — ejipanm ebnai
p o w d e r (n.) -
Qum^ podi
p o w d e r ( p o u n d i n t o ) (v . t . ) —
Qumsj.UJrTsi(^ podiyakku
(-^jaa; , - ^ « © )
p o w e r ( n . ) ; author i ty -
^^afTlTLb athikaram
p o w e r f u l (adj.) -
UGOLDfTSST balamana
p o w e r f u l l y (adv.) -
ueVLDfTX balamaga
p o w e r ( n . ) ; strength -
ueoLD balam,
exieSlemLD valimai
p o w e r ( n . ) ; e n e r g y -
shakthi
p r a c t i s e ( v . t ) -
ULps;(g palakku
{uipam, uipaSi) p r a c t i c e ( n . ) ; c u s t o m ; habit -
uipAaiM palakkam
p r a c t i c e ( n . ) ; t r a i n i n g -
uu5lp& payirchi p r a c t i c e ( n . ) ; habi t ; g o i n g -
Gu/T«@ pokku
p r a i s e ( v . t ) ; g l o r i f y -
L / « y ) pugal iqxifi, qsifi^gi)
p r a i s e (n.) -
Ljsipff^ pugalcchi
p r a y ( v . i . ) ; i m p l o r e -
LDesrpaQ^ manradu
(w<mrpin-, Lcmprru).)
p r a y ( v . i . ) -
Q^LS jebl
Q^uth QsFiu Jebam sey
(- Qffihiu, - Qefiugi) p r a y e r (n.) -
Q^uih jebam
p r e c i o u s (adj .) ; rare -
^ ® ( L b ) aru(m),
^Q^eDLDtLHTesr arumaiyana
preciousness ( n . ) ; r a r e n e s s -
^Q^smLD arumai
113
p r e g n a n t (adj.) -<S(i^0^lfl00 karuttharittha
become p r e g n a n t (v.i.) - . SQ^0^lfl karutthari sq^sQsrrsrr karukkol {-Qarrarm, -flan-OTsr®)
p r e p a r a t i o n (n.); a r r a n g e m e n t -^purrQl erpadu
p r e p a r e (v.t.) -(Lpeir<Setsripurr(S) munnerpadu (- ^ p u / n _ , - ^^UfTis^
p r e p a r e (malce ready) (v . t ) — ^lu^^LD uessrsmi ayattham pannu (- UewTCTW, - UCOTTCiafl)
presen t (give) (v.t.) -QairrQt kodu
be p r e s e n t (v.i.) —
^® Stmei) p r e s e n t (tlie t ime uov;') (n.) -
j^ai^arreOLD nigalkalam press (for printing) (n.) -
^ffs^aih acchagam press ( together)(v. t ) ; squeeze -Q^(§s;(ffi nerukku (Q/5(i5<B<K, (o)^(/5<5S))
p r e s s d o w n (v.t.) -^(LpA(Q amukku (^ap««, ^(tpaSl)
p r e s s u r e (n.) -^(ipAailh amukkam
pres t i ge (n.); reputation — Qu(l5«nLD perumai
p r e v e n t (v.t.) -0Q\ (65®«a, fi&^gl) rSlgU^^ nirutthu
p r i c e (n.); c o s t -oSsinsii vilai
p r i d e (n.); prestige; etc. -Qud^emLD perumai
p r o u d (adj.) -QuQ^anLDiLjerreir
perumaiyuUa p r o u d l y (adv.) -
perumaiyaga p r i e s t (X' ian) (n.) -
GufT^'X^ pSthagar p r i e s t (gen.) (n.) -
3=LDiUfQQ^ samayaguru p r i m e m i n i s t e r (n.) -
LSlpr^LO^ pirathamar, pirathama manthiri
114
p r i s o n (n.) -ansi^ kaithi, ^ss)p sirai
p r i s o n ceU (n.) -s n a s ^ ^enp kaithi arai, ^anps^fflTemeo siraicchalai
p r i v a c y (n.); secrecy -[T'X&UJLii ragasiyam
p r i v a t e (adj.); secret — ria&UJLDfTesr ragasiyamana
pr iva t e ly (adv.); sectet iy -jTS^lULorrs ragasiyamdga
p r i v a t e (adj.), personal -^asfluuLLL^ thanippatta, Qm^fi sontha
p r i v a t e l y (adv.), individually -^ssfluUL^ thanippada, Qa^n^^LDrrs sonthamaga
pr iv i l ege (n.); right, claim -&jfle!nLD urimai
p r i z e (n.); reward -U/flcK- parisu, Q s i y @ L O @ vegumathi
p r o b a b l e (adj.) -m^^iumrrssr satthiyamana
p r o b a b l y (adv.) -QuqgLDUfT^ih -perumbalum
most p r o b a b l y (adv.) -^GrS'SLDfTS anekamaga
p r o b l e m (n.) — iSlirffa^sinasr piracchanai
p r o c l a i m (v . t ) -aSiffiy kiiru {sidp, sijSI)
p r o d u c e (n.); result; gain -ueoeir palan
p r o d u c e (v.t.) — &-pu^^ Qa^iu urpatthi sey (- Qfffutu, - Qffiij^)
p r o d u c t i o n (n.); d e v e l o p m e n t -S-pu^^ urpatthi
pro fe s so r (n.) -Gurrrr^ifliup- perasiriyar
p r o f i t (u.); reward; usefulness — L/lL/sJr payan
pro f i t (n.); g a i n -"^sotTULD labam p r o f i t a b l e (adj.) -
sorrusfTLniTasr labagaramana p r o g r a m (n.); project -
@ L _ L _ l i thittam p r o j e c t (n.); p rogram -
^CL-LD thittam p r o m i s e (n.) — eiJfr«(gffj; vakkuruthi
p r o m i s e ( v . t ) — eL/fr«(g«Q«/T(4) vakku-k-kodu
115
p r o p a g a n d a (n.) -
i3!}'ffffr[rj'lh piraccharam
p r o p e r (adj.) -
a^ifliurresr sariyana
p r o p e r l y (adv.) -
fffUlunsi sariySga
be p r o p e r ( v . i . ) ; be suitable -
QurTQ^^^ porunthu
p r o p e r (adj.) -
porunthamdna,
^ S c K thakka,
^ @ / 5 ^ thaguntha
p r o p e r t y (n.) -
fflff/r^jS/ sotthu
p r o p o s e (v . t . ) -
"S^ g U kilru («>JD, ai.55))
p r o p r i e t y ( n . ) ; respect —
sj(y)/5/@ oluhgu
p r o s p e r ( v . i . ) ; l i v e -
Giirrlp vol {sUlTLp, GUtTI^^^)
p r o t e c t ( v . t ) ; save -
StTUUrrpgi] kappdrru (anuunpp, s>rruuiTpi&y, ^^trai ^efil atharavu all ( - ^nSffiffl, - ^eS^gd); ^rjll-Sl iratchi
p r o t e c t i o n ( n . ) ; patronage -
^^p^isij atharavu
p r o t e c t i o n (n.) -
srreueo kaval
p r o t e s t ( v . L ) ; oppose -
ST^pr ethir(,si^fAs, si^i^gi)
p r o u d (adj.) -
£)u(75einLo(iiysfrsyr)
perumai(yulla)
p r o u d l y (adv.) -
perumaiyaga
p r i d e (n.) -
Qu(!^es)LD perumai
p r o v e (v . t . ) —
rS\^l3 nirubi
QLDIUULS meyppi (QuituOiSaa, QLDiuiJi30gi)
p r o v i d e ( v . L ) ; g ive —
QarrQt kodu
(Q«/T(ilffi«, QarrQi^gi) p r o v i s i o n (n.) -
^ f f l f l ^ ^ s u alitthal
p u b l i c (adj .) ; c o m m o n ; usual —
QurT^(eurresr) pothu(vana)
p u b l i c a t i o n (n.) —
Qeue/HuSlQi^eo veliyiduthal,
QajefiluSQi veliyldu
116
p u b l i s h ( v . L ) -
Qsu«rSu5)(5) veliyidu
(-§)•-, -g)L-®)
p u l l ( v . L ) ; drag; i n h a l e -
p u m p (water, etc.) ( v . L ) —
^pn)J erru {^pp, ^r j j j i l )
p u m p (n.) -
yanthira-k-kulay
p u n i s h ( v . L ) -
^emiq. dhandi (assiairifff i f f i , ^eis!tii.0§i);
s^tsssTL sa^cw <oJ^ dhandanai all
(- ^5r9ffi«, - ^em^gj)
p i m i s h m e n t (n.) —
^essrismesr dhandanai
p u p i l ( n . ) ; s t u d e n t -
LDfTessroj^ manavar
p u r c h a s e ( v . L ) , b u y -
ojnrsJtQ vangu
{ammm, amiiiSi) p u r e (adj.) —
a^^LDirevr sutthamana
p u r i t y ( n . ) ; cleanliness -Si^^LD suttham,
L^esfls^lh punitham
p u r i t y ( n . ) ; whiteness —
QeiiessrsmLD venmai
p u r p o s e (n.) -
Qr^lTSf^LCi nokkum
p u r s u e ( v . L ) ; cont inue; take u p
Qs^rTL-p- thodar
(Q^iTL.rr, Q^ni—i^si)
p u r s u e ( v . L ) ; f o l l o w -
iSleirQ^m—lj pinthodar
{-Q^tjL^fT, -(o)^n'jL_iJ755y)
p u r s u e ( v . L ) ; c h a s e -
^<J^§1 dhuratthu
p u s h ( v . t . ) ; r e m o v e -
^srrisyj thallu (0eiieiT, ^errsiS)
p u t ( v . t . ) ; t h r o w -
GurrQi podu (Gum_, Gu/TL.®)
p u t ( v . L ) ; place; keep -
etneu vai {enojoa, enai0§i)
p u t d o w n (v . t . ) -
^/Da;(g irakku (g)pffl«, g)is«g!)
p u t o n ( v . t . ) ; w e a r -
^essfl ani
udutthu
117
Q qual i t j ' (n.); character; health -
( g s w U D gunam qual i ty (n.); condition; nature -
^eiranLD thanmai quan t i ty (n.) -^erreij alavu
q u a r r e l (n.); f i g h t -ffswsiDL sandai
q u a r r e l (v.); fight-sandaiyidu
q u a r t e r (1/4) (n.); f o o t -•srreo kal
q u a r t e r p a r t (n.) -
kal pagam queen (n.) -
jr/rssirf? rani, ^rrS\
ques t ion (v . t ) ; ask -Gffisfr kel ((SaCs, G ' « I 1 ® ) ;
GserrsSI Gaerr kelvikel (- GmCs, - QmC®)
ques t ion (n.) -G«6iri5i5) kelvi
qu ick (adj.); soon -Bs;S\!Xlh slkkiram, ffsSlp'LDrrisw sikkiramana, QeusiLDrmsin vegamdna
quick ly (adv.) -&SiSl[nDrT3i sikkiramaga, QsusLDnsi vegatndga, eSlenrjeunsi I eSlmijeSleCi viraivaga / viraivil
quie t (n.)*; peacefulness -^es)LD^ aimithi
qu ie t (adj.); peaceful — ^e^LD^iurresr amaithiyana
quo te ; expressing (thus) -toTsir en (sTor, ffresr^)
R r a b b i t (n.); hare -
((QL^)(LpujiA} (kuli)muyal r a c e (v.i.); run quickly -9 ( i l ddu (^[_, ^if) ;
Qsuanarres s (5) vegamaga odu
r a d i c a l i s m (n.); intensity -^ajprih thivaram
r a i l r o a d (railway track) (n.) -iruppu-p-pathai
118
r a i l w a y s t a t ion (n.) — irii5)si) fflaneoiuLD rayil nilaiyam
r a i n (n.) -LDe!S)Lp malai
r a i n (v.i.) -LDsmLp Qudj malai pey (- Quiljtu, ~ Qutu^)
r a i s e (v.L) -S-iUff^^ uyartthu (a-ujff-^, s-m^)
r a i s e (v.t.); lift; p u m p (up) -i ^ ^ g y erru
r a n k ( n . ) ; p o s i t i o n -U^'sSi pathavi
r a p i d (adj.) -GeusiLDnesT vegamana, eSlasyff^^ viraintha
r a r e (adj.); precious -^(§{LD) aru(m), ^q^enwiurran' arumaiyana
r a r e n e s s (n.); preciousness -^q^(SS)LCs arumai
r a t (n.); m o u s e -«Ts6) eli
r a t e (n.); p r i c e -oSsmso vilai
r e a c h ( v . t ) ; approach; g e t -^ S 3 i L _ adai
r e a c h (v.L); reach f o r -STL.(5) ettu («TLa_, m l ^ - )
r e a c h (v.i.); jo in wi th -QffSl ser (CSffjT, Ga'fi^gi); QufTiLl GffiT poy ser
r e a c t ( v . t ) ; 'h i t back ' -ei^^^^U^ ethirtthadi ( f f i ^ f f ^ i i ^ « « , ^a00'^fSl)
r e a d ( v . t ) ; s tudy -Ulsf, padi
surrS\r e a d i n g (n.) —
UUfJJLI padippu r e a d y ; readiness (n;) -
^lU^^LD Syattham, ^tunfr thayar
r e a l (adj.) — QLDIUU-rresr meyyc s _ s w i LDiurreisr un.»a!\ana
r e a l i t y ( r . , -s-sisrec. o unnuii
r ea l ly (ad\ -S-ismeiS)L lUfTX unma -r^a
119
r e a l k e (v . t . ) ; r e c o g n i z e -£_S5iirff unar {suemir, s-emi^gi)
r e a s o n (n . ) ; c a u s e -snfjemCa kdranam
r e a s o n a b l e (adj . ) -Hj/nuLDfresr niyayamana
r e b e l (n.) ->KSU65<5<ss/r£rssr kalagakkdran
r e b e l (v. t . ) -
(ethir-k-)kilarcchi sey r e c e i v e (v . t . ) ; g e t -
Qu^ peru (Qup, Qupsn) r e c e i v e (v . t . ) ; b u y ; g e t -
s u f f / i / g j vaAgu {euiTiiia, ojiTiiiSi)
r e c e n t (adj .) -ffLSu^0UJ samibatthiya
r e c e p t i o n (n.) -surjQeupLf varaverpu
r e c o g n i z e (v . t . ) ; r e a l i z e -s^emir UTiar {sL-smg, a.essrff^gi)
r e c o r d ( n . ) ; n o t e -(^i^ULj kurippu
r e c o r d (v .L) ; n o t e —
<S^^Si kuritthu vai (- tsiaiss, - esiai^§i)
r e c o r d i n g (n . ) ; r e g i s t r a t i o n -L / ^ o y pathivu
r e d ( r e d n e s s ) ( n . ) -^exiUL) sivappu
r e d (adj . ) -^eu^^ sivantha
r e f o r m ( v . t . ) -§0^(3^^ slrthirutthu
r e f o r m (n . ) ; i m p r o v e m e n t -^/j-@(/5^S5£ii sirthiruttham
r e f u g e (n . ) -USeSll ih pugalidam, s=rTsmLC> saranam
r e f u g e e (n.) — agathi
r e f u s e (v . t . ) ; d e n y -Logu maru
r e g a r d (n . ) ; r e s p e c t — LO^ULj rnathippu
r e g i o n ( n . ) ; p a r t -U ( g @ paguthi
r e g i o n (n . ) ; c i r c l e -euiLl—LD vattam
r e g i s t e r (v. t . ) — u^exj Qa=iu pathivu sey (- QcFtUlU, - QfflLI^)
120
r e g i s t e r (n . ) -
palhivu-p-pusthagam r e g i s t r a t i o n ( n . ) ; r e c o r d i n g —
u ^ Q / pathivu r e g r e t (v . i . ) -
tS«L;s!ncuuu(51
kavalaippadu ( - u i _ , - u i l g i ) ;
varuttham therivi (- Q /flofl««, - Q^/S^psi)
r e g u l a r (adj . ) -(Lpes)pujrresr muraiyana, ^(Lpiii^xrresr olungana
r e g u l a r i t y ( n . ) ; o r d e r -Qpemp murai
r e g u l a r l y ( a d v . ) ; o r d e r l y -(^(LflBJsrTS olungaga
r e j e c t ( v . t ) -6 ! ! ^ kali {mifl&si, aifi^gi)
r e j e c t (v . t . ) ; t u r n a w a y -U)njy maru [wi^ma, Logu^gl)
t h r o w a w a y (v . t . ) -^OT(e5 thallu (fienetT, «rst9)
r e l a t i o n s ( r e l a t i ve s ) (n . ) -.a^ihu^^lh sambantham r e l a t i o n s h i p (n . ) -
£_/OSi/ uravu
r e l e a s e (v . t . ) ; l e a v e ; a b a n d o n -Sl5?(51 vidu (n5) i_, OSLLIJ))
r e l e a s e (n . ) -eSQl^eO viduthal, QSIQXSSIULI viduvippu
r e l e a s e (v. t . ) -Q5)(51«5) viduvi (o5)(ileiS««, siS)(J)a5)jl^)
r e l i g i o n ( n . ) ; o p p o r t u n i t y -ff=LDtUlJD samayam
r e m a i n (v . i . ) ; w a i t ; b e -
r e m a i n (v . i . ) ; l i e a r o u n d — S)z_ kida (Sli_««, Sti-^gj)
r e m a i n (v . i . ) ; s t a y -thahgu {0mis,0miSl)
r e m a i n d e r ( n . ) ; e x c e s s -mithi
r e m e m b e r ( v . t . ) ; t h i n k -{flaneu ninai i^enesrAa, /SfinEW^aa);
ninaivu padutthu (- u(Si^, - u(Si0^)
' D o y o u r e m e m b e r m e ? ' -
Ennai ninaivirukkirathd? r e m i n d (v. t . ) -
rUmemoj^lLQi ninaivuttu ( - a f l TLL . , -smCvi.)
121
r e m o v e ( v . t ) ; t a k e o f f —
^{fiP&J kalarru
r e m o v e ( v . t ) ; p i c k u p -
6T(J1 edu ( s rS laa , n®^^) r e m o v e ( v . t ) ; . d i s m i s s -
/fi55@ nikku (fiss,$aSi)
r e n o w n ( n . ) ; f a m e -
L/ff iZp pugal
r e n o w n e d ( a d j . ) ; f a m o u s -
LjSLpfresr pugaldna
r e p a i r ( v . t ) -
«fl Qffiu sari sey
(- Qffiutu, - Qffiiigi);
U(ig§lU!Tp- paluthu-par
r e p e a t ( a c t i o n ) ( v . t ) -
LD^ULSf. QsPiU
marupadi sey (- Qffiiitu, - Qffiugi);
LSeisrQiLD LSemQiiii Qa^iir
mindum mlndum sey
r e p e a t ( w h a t w a s s a i d ) ( v . ) -
LDgiJULq.iLjih Qff/ra) marupadiyum sol
(- Qsneoeo, - QsiraisSI)
r e p e a t ; r e p r o d u c e ( f r . m e m o r y )
e^UlSI oppi
(guiSsd!, ^ULS^)
r e p l y ( n . ) ; a n s w e r —
U0t<so pathil
r e p l y ( v . ) -
U^sb dsn® pathil kodu
(- QairCgiAa;, - QmrrSi^gi)
r e p o r t ( v . t ) -
^g^aSl arlvi
( ,^g5)si57<sffi, ^i^tsS)^^)
r e p o r t ( n . ) -
^ffS<SSiD<B arikkai,
Qffiu^ seythi
r e p r e s s ( v . t . ) ; r e s t r a i n -
cSyL_«@ adakku
( ^ ( _ « f f i , ^ ( _ « ® ) -
r e p r o d u c e ( f r . m e m o r y ) ( v . ) -
S^ULSI oppi
r e p u t a t i o n ( n . ) ; n a m e -
(rSn))Quujpi (nar)peyar
r e p u t a t i o n ( n . ) ; p r e s t i g e -
Quq^esiLD perumai
r e q u e s t ( v . t ) -
(3«sn- kel (GxiLs, G ^ i l g l )
r e q u e s t ( n . ) -
Gsmflsema korikkai,
(5sijis55r(Ji(3ffin'sir vendukol
r e s c u e ( v . t ) —
^ { T L L ^ iratchi
122
r e s c u e ( n . ) -
<^TS\L.9\^^<so iratchitthal,
^ j r t l ^ l J L / iratchippu
r e s e a r c h ( n . ) ; i n v e s t i g a t i o n —
^CrrrtuffS) SrSycchi
d o r e s e a r c h ( v . ) -
araycchi sey
(- Qa^iiiiu, - Qa^iugi)
r e s e m b l e ( v . t . ) -
o (5««, ef^gl);
epuuiT(^ oppagu
QufTeO pol iru
(- - Sims') r e s o l u t i o n ( n . ) ; d e c i s i o n -
^^LDrresrih thlrmSnam
r e s p e c t ( n . ) ; p r o p r i e t y —
LDlfliurran^ mariydthai
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ( n . ) — •
Qurr^ULi poruppu
r e s p o n s i b l e ( a d j . ) -
QufTg^iULjeherr poruppulla
r e s t ( r e l a x a t i o n ) ( n . ) -
<^iueif oyvu
r e s t ( r e l a x ) ( v . i . ) -
<^dj oy
r e s t l e s s ( a d j . ) -
(^lueSistiisorT^ oyvillatha
r e s t a u r a n t ( n . ) -
a.sssT'Si/iSSii) unavagam,
ffl5?(51^ viduthi
r e s t r a i n ( v . t ) ; c o n t r o l —
^ l _ c B @ adakku
(^i_ffi«, ^uASl)
r e s t r a i n t ( n . ) ; o b s t a c l e —
^ S 5 ) l _ thadai
r e s u l t ( n . ) ; e f f e c t —
LKoCGST palan
r e s u l t ( n . ) -
(LptSj.eil mudivu
r e t i r e ( v . i . ) -e^^rsj^ othungu
r e t i r e ( s o m e o n e ) ( v . t ) -
(^lusij Qsn® oyvu kodu
(- QanQiAa, - QmnQi^gi)
r e t i r e m e n t ( n . ) —
oyvu peruthal
r e t u r n ( g o b a c k ) ( v . i . ) -
^Ql^Lbq thirumbu
r e t u r n ( c o m e b a c k ) ( v . i ) -
^(§LDL9 sun thirumbi va
(- ojn, - oj^gi)
123
r e t u r n (g ive b a c k ) (v. t . ) -
thiruppi-k-kodu (-QsirQims, -QsirQi^gi)
r e v e n g e (n.) -ULp pali, ULflAf^u Ulfi palikku-p-pali
t a k e r e v e n g e (v. t . ) -
palikku-p-pali vangu (- euiTiija, - ojiTiiiS)
r e v o l t (v . i . ) -qr^C&\ puratchLsey (- flffiuiu, - Qffuj^); <SSD«ti) Q f f i u kalagam sey (- Qs^iutu, - Qa^tugi)
r e v o l u t i o n a r y (adj .) -puratchigaramana
r e v o l u t i o n a r y ( p e r s o n ) (n . ) -puratchikknran
r e v o l v e (v . i . ) ; b e o v e r t u r n e d -L/JTsfr pural {Ljprar, L/jTsrar®))
r e w a r d (n . ) ; p r o f i t — Uiueir payan
r e w a r d (n.) -Q K U Q L D ^ vegumathi, Q s i i Q U J f f s i r / i vegumanam
rice ( u n h u s k e d ) (n . ) -Q / 5 s b nel
rice(husked, b u t u n c o o k e d ) -^tfl^ arisi
rice ( c o o k e d ) (n . ) -Qs^rT(!^ soru, ffTT^LD satham
rich (ad j . ) ; w e a l t h y — Q^GOeuQperrefr selvamulla
riches ( n . ) ; w e a l t h -Qs^eiieuLD selvam
rich p e o p l e (n . ) -Qffeoaj^^pr selvanthar
rich m a n (n . ) -uessrAxirtxeir panakkaran
rich v c o m a n (n . ) — uemssmfl panakkari
ride (in. a v e h i c l e ) (v . ) -
vaganameri-c-chellu (-Q3:a)eo, -Qffsagu)
ride ( o n a n i m a l o r i n v e h i c l e ) — ffOJlTlfl QfflU savarisey (- QiFIUlU, - flfflLMy)
ride (n.) -{FeurrA savari
r i g h t (n . ) ; c l a i m — a_/fls!nu3 urimai
124
right ( ad j . ) ; c o r r e c t -fflfliUfTesT sariyana, GrSCrrrasT nerana.
righteous (adj .) -(Srsp'mLDUJrresr nermaiyana
righteousness (n . ) -Q^fsesiia nermai
r i g h t ( s ide) (adj . ) -eusvLDfrasr valamana, eueo^Lfrp valathupura
right ( s ide ) (n . ) —
valathu (pakkam) m a k e right (v . t . ) -
3=lfl GlffUJ sari sey (- Glffiiitu, - Qffdj^)
r i n g ( v . L ) ; h i t -^isj. adi i^uf.as,
' R i n g t h e b e l l . ' -
mani adi I adiyuhgal. r i n g ( o n finger, t o e ) (n . ) -
GLon^lTLD mothiram r i n s e ( c l o t h e s , v e s s e l s , e t c . ) -
c 5 / < 5 U * alasu {^013:, ^eo^) r i n s e ( v . ) ; w a s h ( n o t l a u n d r y ) -
tXQpeiJ kaluvu («(y)su, a^yiaS) riot (n . ) -
xeosLD kalagam
riot (v . ) -assDffitb uejsremi kalagam pannu (- Utoa'fllbaor, - L/swcBufl)
rip (v .L ) ; t e a r o f f -Sll^ kili (g)f ffi«, glyS^iH)
b e ripped (v. i . ) -kill (Sttfiiu, Stifi^si)
rise ( s u n , s ta r ) (v . i . ) -LirpuuQi purappadu ( - u i _ , -uCQi)
r i s e ( sun ) (v . i . ) -sS\ls^ vidi (nS)L^(u, ciSujJB^)
r i s e ( f r o m b e d ) (v . i . ) -<oT(Lg elu (sTip, ^(ip^gi)
r i s e ( g o u p , c l i m b ) (v. i . ) -6 T ( y ) [ i L / elumbu («i(ynbu, erftgihiSf); G L D C D S U Qffec mele sel (- Qfl^co, - Qifrcngy)
river (n . ) -r o a d ( n . ) ; h i g h w a y
QrjrT(S\ ^ / r o i s u salai r o b (pe t ty ) (v .L) -
^ ( 5 ( 5 thirudu O®!-, g®'^) r o b ( g r a n d l a r c e n y ) (v .L) -
Qa/TsyrsinfflTli/Uf. koljaiyadi
125
robber (n.) -@(75£_sJr thirudan, QsfTsfrsmeassrrp'eir kollaikkdran
robbery (n.) -^(yjtlg) thiruttu, QiXrreireinerr kollai
rock (n.); g e m -a<sc kal
large rock (n.); hillock -urremp parai
rocky (adj.) -urretnpiun'asr pdraiyana, spurremp karpami
rod (n.); ba r -thadi
roll (v.L); make ro l l -S-(§LLQI urum
be rolled over (v.i.) -L/zrerr pural {qiren, Lftrmr®) _
roof(n.)-(5LO/o«i.S!0/r merkurai
room (n.) -^anp ami
large room (n.); hall -aSiI—LO kSdam
root, origin (n.) — ^eOLJa mulam
root (of a plant) (n.) — Qeil^ ver
rope (n.), string -<S(i5)njy kayiru
rough (adj.) — murattuttlianamana, Q<srr^^ eSluurrm konthalippana
roughly (adv.) -murattutthanamdga
round (adj.) — si/LLL-iO/rssr vattamSna
round (around) (prep.) -3?pn9epiLD surrilum
royal (adj.) -Urr^ixiDrrasr rajangamana, ^p'ffpr<S(gif)uj arasarkkuriya
royalty (n.); kingdom-c?i//r<S arasu
rub (v.L) -^ e i n z _ thudai Q^lLi they
be rubbed away (v.i.) — Q^ij they (Gasiu, Q^ih^gi)
rubber (eraser) (n.) -'prijup'' rappar
126
ruffian (n.) -(Lpp'L-eir muradan
ruin (n.); misfortune -Qs;($i kedu,^ifia^ alivu
be ruined, spoiled (v.i.) — (o)<ss(51 kedu (Q«L_, Glail®); QaiLQi QUIT kettu po (- Gurra, - Gumii)
ruin (v.L); spoil-(o)65(il kedu be ruined (v.i.); be lost-Q^fToneo tholai
ruin (v.L); kjU; lose -Q^fTsmsu tholai
be ruined (v.i.); perish -^ifi ali (^ySttj, ^ifi^gi)
ruin (v.t.) — ^ifi all i^ifl&a, ^ifi^si')
rule (n.); administration— ^L-S) atchi-
rule (v.t.); govern ^ ^ L L f f l Qa^iLl atchi sey (- Qffiuiu^ - Qffiugj')
rule (n.) -S=LLI—IJ> sattam
rule (n.); fate -aS)@ vithi
run (v.i.) — ^(5> 0^" (gi-> 94-)
S sack (n.); bundle -
gptlEiDL muttai. sacred (adj.) -
L/ssfl^LD/rasr punithamana sacredness (n.); holiness —
L/ssfl^LD punitham sacrifice (n.) -
ueS} ball, ^lurraih thiyagam
sacrifice (v.) -ueSli&Qi baliyidu (uaS!u5)i_, usfluSlL®); ^lurraih Qffiu thiyagam sey (- Qa^iuiu, - Q&iiig!)
sad (adj.)'-^s;si{ap)LDrTe!ST dhukka(gara)mana -
sadness (n.) — ^smiM dhukkam
safe (adj.) -u^^P'LDnesi patthiramana
safely (adv.) -U^^p-LDtra patthiramana
127
safety (n.); security -u^^rjLB patthiram
sail (v.i.) -suusSieo Qa^so kappalil sel SL.eSlpLSp'UjrTesnh Qs^iu kadalirpirayamm sey (- Qffiiiiu, - Qfftugi)
sai lor (n.) -LDrr§^LB malumi, suuQecmLu^ kappaWtti
sa l a ry (n.) -ffWUeiTLD sambalam
sale (n.) -eSlpuemesr virpanai
saliva (n.) -S T # ^ d ) ecchil
sal t (n.) -S> I'lLj uppu
s a m e (of one type) (adj.) -s^(3p' LDfT^ifliurrasr ore mathiriyana
the s a m e (an identity) (n.) -ore thanmai
sanda l s (n.) -Qa^q^ULj seruppu
sap l i ng (n.) -G)3=Ufl sedi
sa t i s fac t ion (n.)", f u l f i lmen t -{Lnesr)riletsipeij (mana)niraivu, ^ ( T J L / ^ thirupthi
satisfy (v.t.) -^(J5Ij^-Qa=IU thirupMsey (- Qffiijiu, - Qsiugi)
S a t u r d a y (n.) -3=asfl^SlLps!nLD sanikkilamai
save (v.t.); p r o t e c t -anuunnjgn kapparru {snuunpp, smJunprSI)
savor i e s (n.); snacks -LUSoarTlXLa palagaram
s a y (v.); teU -ffTcor en (ffrcsr, crcsrffi/); Qffireo sol (Q^rraiea, Qffrra)^)
say ( v . t ) ; speak -(Su3i pesu (Gus:, GuSf)
say ing (n.); word ; l a n g u a g e -Qwrrifi moli
proverb (n.) -ULpQlDfTL^ pala-moli
s a y i n g . . . ; expressing . . . ; quote ^loSrrni enru
scene ; sight; appearance (n.) — SfTlL^ katchi
128
scheme (n.); plan — ^ILL^LO thittam
scho la r (n.); p o e t -Lfsoeu^ pulavar
scho la r sh ip (expertise) (n.) -LjeoemLD pulamai
school (n.) -palli{-k-ku4am)
science; field of knowledge -^l^sSliueo ariviyal
scissors (n.) -
katthiri(kkol} s c o r n (v.) —
Qeygu veru (fflsug/ffi*, Qeuiru^gi)
s c r e a m (v.i.) — ^eogil alaru {^evp, =3ysuj5))
s c r e a m (n.) — ^etipeo alaral
s c u l p t u r e (n.) — S\n)ULD sirpam
sea (n.); ocean — SL-tso kadal
s e a r c h ( v . t ) ; look f o r -G^Ql thedu (CS^L, G^^.)
s e a s h o r e (n.); seaside -t95i_j)i5SS5icr kadarkarai
season (n.); t ime, era — dS/rsuti) kalam
t ime of year (n.) -uqgeuLD paruvam, U(5su«frsULb paruvakalam
season ing s p o o n (n.) -
talippu-k-karandi sea t (n.) -
^a=esrLO asanam second ( l /60 th of a minute) —
sSlesini^._ vinadi s e c o n d (sifter 1st) (n. o r adj.) -
irandavathu,
irandam (adj. only) s ec re t (n.); secrecy, privacy -
p'sSltULD ragasiyam sec re t (adj.) -
rra&UJLDlTeiST ragasiyamana sec re t ly (adv.) -!X3;§\ujLDlTSi ragasiyamaga
s e c r e t a r y (n.) — Qffiueonenir seyalalar
s e c t o r (n.); department -^es>ip thurai
129
security (n.) -srreuiA) kaval, urT§i3i[Tuq pathukappu -
see (v.t.); find ou t -XfTessr kdn (arrsm, mmr(^)
see (v.t.); look; t r y -Unrp' par {uirp-aa, urrir^gi)
see (v.i.); understand -Q^ffl then (Q^/fl««, Q^ifl^gi)
seed (of plant) (n.) -eSieme^ vithai, eSl^gi vitthu
seek (v.t); look fore s ^ ® thedu (Qist-.G^u).); n5ff(Fl "adu (j5fri_, (jn-ii}.)
seem (v.i.) -CS^/reJwj/ thonru (G^narp, G /rsJrn}))
seize (v.L); catch-LSIUJ. pidi t3ij.0gi)
select (v.t); choose; elect-G^p-pQ^Q'themthedu ' (-sjglffiffi, -erSi^gi)
selection (n.) -Gs^eij thervu
self (reflex, pron.) — ^rreir than
sell (v . t ) -eSleo vil (eSlps, aSpgy)
send (v.t) -•^^lllLj anuppu (^SUuu, ^gi/utS)
sense (one of the 5 senses) — Ljsoeii pulan (^LOLjevmixdr aimbulangaf)
sensation (n.) -a.sssr/T'JS unarcchi
perceptible (adj.) -s^emp'S^Sl iLjeketr unarcchiyulla
perceptibly (adv.) -
unarcchiyaga sentence (in law) (n.) -
^ffULi thlrppu
sentence (pass judgment) (v.) -
thirppu-c-chol
separate (adj.) -
thanimaiyana separately (adv.) -
thanitthaniye separate (v.t); divide -
i-5)/fl piri
130
be separated (v.i.); depart -tS/fl piri (iSSiii, i3ifl$gi)
separation (n.) -tS/flsi/ pirivu
separable (adj.) -
pirikkakkudiya series (a number of things) -
Q^ni—^ thodar sermon (n.) -
pirasahgam serve (v.L) -
usssfl QfflU pani sey (- Q^iliiu, - Qs^ihgi); Q^iremQi Q<s=iu thondu sey
service (n.) -usissfl pani, Q^neisr® thondu
set (v.t); place -emeu vai (aneuisa, anoj^gi)
settle (v.t); adjust-^onLD amai
become settled (v.i.); suit -^esiLD amai
seven (n. or adj.) -^•(iP elu
seventh (n. or adj.) -ejifirraj^ eiavathu, (^LpfTLD e/am (adj. only)
seventeen (n. or adj.) -U^QesT(Lg pathinela
seventeenth (n. or adj.) -
pathinelavathu, U^GssTLpniJa pathinelam (adj. only)
seventy (n. or adj.) -STQ^U^ elubathu
seventieth (n. or adj.) — eT(Lpus5rreij^ eluhathavathu,
elubatham (adj. only) several (on the more side) -
USD pala several (on the less side) —
^ s u sila severe (adj.) —
kadumaiyana severity (n,); harshness -
sQ\a!)LD kadumai sew (v.t.); stitch-
an^ thai
131
sewing macliine (u.) -
thaiyal mashin shake (v.t) ; agitate-
^es)ff asai
shake (v.i.); sway -cSyanff asai
shaking (n.) -^ejna^ay asaivu
shake (out dust, water, etc.) -utharu { s . ^ , a^jS)
shake (v.i.); tremble -
fB®li'(§ nadungu
shake (v . t ) ; cause to tremble -^ ( 5 ) « @ nadukku
shaky (adj.) -/5(5)/5/(gS)fl3 naduhgugira
shame (u.); modesty -OeuilasLD vetkam
shameful (adj.) -
vetka-k-kedana shape (n.); image; form -
S-(lgeuili univam, (iprt^^ murtthi
shape (v . t ) -£_(J5«UfriB(g uruvdkku
(-=%««, -^m share (n.); portion -
uiij(g pahgu share (to give a part) (v.t.) -
urilSlQi pangidu
share (to take a part) (v . t ) -i_//sj@ QxrrerT pahgu kol (- QsirmetT, - Qffi/rswSl)
sharp (adj.); pointed -U^UHTSST pathamana, a^/fliL) kuriya, Si^rrrssr kumna, Os^einLDiurresr kurmaiyana
sharply (adv.); pointedly -u^LDfTS pathamaga, Oa^mLCilimsi kiirmaiyaga
sharpen (v . t ) -3i>.[riTS(g kurakku ( - ^ « « , -^«g))
sharpness (knife's edge, etc.) -U^lh patham, shiffmUD kurmai
she (prou.) -^euerr aval (familiar), ^eup' avar (polite),
^eiip^snar avargal (v.-pol.)
132
sheep (n.) -QffLDLDf^ semmari adu
sheep/goat (n.) -
^ ® Sdu *
shine (v.i.) -
pirakashi (L5l£r«/rS«a5, iSI[r3in^0^)
ship (n.) -muueo kappal
ship (v.t.) -
(kappalil) anuppu (- .gl^Liu, - ^ ^ u i S )
shirt; blouse (Europ. style) -<s=L_OT)(_ sattai
shock (psychological) (n.) -
.>=IV@/r#^ athircchi shock (v.) -
^(5)ffi©L_<#QiF(ij thidukkida-c-chey (-Gta^iiiiu, -Qiriugi)
shoe (n.); sandals —
G)ff(75lJL/ seruppu shoot (v . t ) -
«(5) iudw (»i_, »L.S))
shop (n.) -i B S J n i — kadai
shopkeeper (n.) -me!i)L_asn[rpr kadaikkarar
shore (n.); border-6ian[r karai
short (adj.); deficient — (ggliSlUJ kurugiya, ^einpeurrasr kuraivana
short (in length, height) -(gtLsjnt-HJfrssr kuttaiydna
shorten ( v . t ) ; cut off -
(gSiDjE) kurai (@6!nj)««, (gsmp^^)
be shortened (v.i.), cut o f f -
((ganfriu, ©Knjr/5^) shortness (n.) -
@6ffsrni) kullam should -
QQjeisn4.UJ^ vendiyathu shoulder (n.); upper arm — Q^mst thol
shout (v.i.) -Si^ffj katthu ( f f i ^ , « ^ )
shout (n.); loud cry -ai^a^a^eo kucchal
show ( v . t ) ; point o u t -xrnLQi kattu (as/rCi-, «(rC^.)
133
show (n.), exh ib i t io t t -sml-S\
sh r ink (v.i.); w r i n k l e -ff(5/SJ(g surungu
s h r i n k (make small) (v.L) -cS<75<E@ sunikku
s h u t (v . t ) ; close -^emL^ adai
{Fn^§l sdtthu
^® mudu
sick (adj.) -Q^nliUUlLi— noyppatta
sickness (n.); disease -(SjsrTiu nSy
side (n.); vicinity; page -uAsLD pakkam
s ight (n.); appearance; scene -saiL& katchi
sign, (n.); mark -(g(jJl(L//-/) kuri(ppu)
signify (v . t ) -(gjjSluLSQi kurippi4u (-©'-.-@L®)
s igna l (n.) -/7$)@ff5) ariguri
s i g n a t u r e (n.) -es)<s;QiU(Lp^^ kai-y-elutthu
s i lence (n.) -QuoeiresTLD maunam
s i len t (adj.) -GiLDetresrwrresr maunamana
s i lent ly (adv.) — QiDSTresTLDfTS maunamaga
s i lence (v.L) — ^esiLD^ uQ> amaithipadu (- U L , - UL.®)
be (remain) s i lent (v.i.) -G>LD<snesTLa ffir^ maunam sSthi (- s'n^ss, - s^iT^^gi)
si lk (n.) -uiLQi pattu
s i l k - w o r m ( n . ) -ULL(SILJLI,3=& pattu-p-pUcchi
s i lver (metal) (n.) -QsusffsrS velli
s i m i l a r (adj.) -e^Grr LDU^fHtufresr ore mdthiriydna
s imilar i fy (n.); identity -sg/i)ffj/S!r)LO orrumai
134
s imple (adj.) -CTCTSIU eliya
sin (n.); misfortune — un'SUih pavam -
sin (v.) -urTsxlLD QffUJ pavam sey (- QsFiuaj, - QffiL/^/)
sinful (adj.) -UfTeilLD QfiLS^ pavam seytha
s i n n e r (n.) -uireSl pavi
s ince (adv.) — LSISULJ pinbu, LSlssresrpr pinnar, -^(sSlqg^^ -ilirunthu
s ing (v.t.) -un® padu {uiTi—, u/ru).)
s inge r (n.); m u s i c i a n -urvLsp- padagar
s ingle (adj.) -e^pempajfTesT orraiyana
s i n k (v j . ) ; drown -g^ipO mulgu ( f tOfpa, ftpipg))
(make sth.) s i n k (vlL) -yy^ai^. mulgadi
s i r (n. + vocat ive) ; f a t h e r -^lUlT aiya
s i s t e r (gen.) (n.) -SFGsrr^ifl sagothari
(younger) s i s te r (n.) -^liians thangai
(elder) s i s te r (n.) -^ssn- akka
s i t (down) (v.i.) -S-lL.si!T^ utkar
s i t u a t i o n (n.); condition — 0es)eti nilai, f^emsomLD nilaimai
six (n. or adj.) -r^ f f l f dru
s i x t h (n. or adj.) — ^prreu^ aravathu, ^piTLD aram (adj. only)
s ix teen (n. o rad j . ) -U^smrrgi] pathinaru
s i x t e e n t h (n. or adj.) -pathinaravathu, u^esrirpfTLD pathinardm (adj. only)
s ix ty (n. or adj.) -^gilU^ arubathu
135
s i x t i e t h (n. o r adj.) -
arubathavathu,
arubatham ( ad j . o n l y )
s i ze (n.) -
uq^Lask paruman
s k e l e t o n (n.) -
sTg)/Lb/_/a;ai.(Jl elumbukkudu
sk i l l ( n . ) -
^poDLD thiramai
sk i l fu l ( a d j . ) -
'^pemLDluiresT thimmaiyana
s k i l f i i l l y ( a d v . ) -
^psmLDlUfTS thiramaiyaga
s k i n (n . ) ; . lude ; l e a t h e r -
Q^fTiA) thai
s k i r t (n . ) ; p e t t i c o a t -
urreuirmL- pdvddai
s k u l l (n.) -
rrumdai odu,
suirecia Mbdlam
s k y (n.) -
eufTesrih vanam,
^arraJLO dgdyam
s l a p (v . t . ) ; s p a n k -
^emp ami .
^Uf. adi
s l a v e (n.) -
^L!j.es)LD adimai
s l a v i s h (adj . ) -
^Uj-anLDlurresr adimaiyana
s l e e p (v.) -
^rsi(g thUngu
s l e e p (ru) -
^Asih thukkam
s l e e p y (adj . ) -
GmihQui^ujrTejsT somberiyana
a s l e e p ( adv . ) —
^xaiLana thakkamaga •
s l i c e ( n . ) ; p i e c e ; t o w e l -
^emQl thuTidu s l i d e ( o n a su r f ace ) (v. i . ) -
lB(Lp^ naluvu
a^^aii^ sarukku
s l i d e ( c h i l d r e n ' s ) (u.) -i5Wl/iE(g sarukku
13.6
s l o w ( r e d u c e s p e e d ) (v . ) -
GeusiSJ^anro vegangurai
s l o w (adj.) -
Q L O j s /su/rssr methuvana
s l o w l y ( adv . ) —
QlD^euns methuvaga
s m a l l (ad j . ) ; l i t t le -
fflffU siru,
S]^UJ siriya,
^sirasr sinna
s m a s h (v . t . ) ; p o u n d -
idi §jU).figi)
b e s m a s h e d (v . i . ) ; c o l l a p s e -
g ) t ^ idi iglisj.iu, gju^gi) s m a s h t o p i e c e s (v . t . ) ; c r u s h —
Q[BlTgU'S(g norukku
(Q /5 /rgyiS^, Qtstrrpj^Si) b e s m a s h e d (v . i . ) , c r u s h e d -
QrErrg)jliJ(g norungu
{Qt^iTt^tiia, QrsagijmiSi)
s m e l l ( p l e a s a n t / n e u t r a l ) (n . ) -
sufTa=anasT vasanai,
LDsmiM manam
s m e l l ( v . t ) -
GLDmj^ unjT monthu par
(- unffAs, - ufT^^^)
s m i l e (v . ) ; l a u g h -
fflffl siri (SiHas, ffliil^si) s m i l e (n . ) ; l a u g h t e r —
^ifluLf sirippu
s m o k e (n.) -
L / s m a pugai
s m o k e ( e m i t s m o k e ) (v . i . ) -
L/sin<5 pugai
s m o k e ( a c i g a r e t t e , e tc . ) (v.) -L^smSLSis^ pugaipidi (-tSn.««, -tSuj-^gi)
' D o n ' t s m o k e ! ' - .
p u g a i p i d i k k a t h e
s m o o t h ( n o t r o u g h ) (adj . ) -
iMLpLDLfiuurrssT
malamalappdna,
s n a c k s (n . ) ; s a v o r i e s —
usosrrrfLD palagdram
s n a k e (n.) -
umJaLI pambu
s o ( tha t w a y ) ( adv . ) -
^LJULq. appadi
s o c i a l (adj . ) -
3=^x samUga
s o c i e t y ( in g e n . ) (n . ) -SF^SiLD samugam
137
society (n.); association -s^lBlsui sangam
soft ( a d j . ) -uSq^^eurresr miruthuvdna
softness (n.); tenderness -QllBGS[CoS)l£i menmai
delicate (not tougli) (adj.) -QuamemLDiumsu menmaiyana
soften (v.) -miruthuvakku (-^««, - «S1)
soil (n.); earth; m u d -LDSSsr man
soil (n.); land -fflsOLb niUon, ^eoeuemh nilavalam
sole (adj.); a l o n e -fieefl thani, ^esFltUfTesr thaniyana, ^eisB0iS thanittha
solely (adv.) -^ssfliUfT^? thamydga, ^esBetriLDluiTS thanimaiyaga
solid (adj.) -
kettiyana
solve (v.t.); figure out -QS(i)aa viduvi (oS)®a5)««, sSISteSl^gi)
s o m e — ^ s u sila (adj.), ^so/r silar (a few persons) , ^ s u ^ silathu (a few things)
s o m e b o d y (pron.) -lunQrtrT ydro
s o m e p e r s o n , a person -e^qgeiip' oruvar
s o m e h o w (adv.) -ffruuijf.ujrrsu^ eppadiydvathu, eruauj-GiurT eppculiyo, eruuujJSius^liJa" eppadiyenum
s o m e o n e (pron.) -(unGprrr ydro, ereyGp'fT evard, ^qgeup' oruvar
s o m e t h i n g (pron.) -ex^nreu^ ethdvathu, er^rreugi ethavathu
some th ing , s o m e w h a t -^jQ^rr etho
m
s o m e t i m e (or other) -eppothdvathu
some t imes , at any t ime —
eppothdvathu occasionally (adv.) —
eruGunQ^rr eppotho, ^ s o ffLDiULD sila samayam
s o m e w h a t -QsfT(^3=LJD kohjam
s o m e w h e r e (adv.) -ffTiiiGaGiurr ehgeyo, eriBlGafT engo, eriilGa^LD ehgenum
s o m e w h e r e , anywhere -eTiiKSaiufTeu^ engeyavathu
son (n.) -LD&aST magan
son- in - l aw (n.) -LD^LDSesT marumagan
song (n.); s i n g i n g -umLQt pdttu
s o n g (musical) (n.) -^eiS)a=LJU!Tl—eo isaippddal
song (n.); p o e m ; v e r s e -UfTJ—eo pddal
s o o n (adv.); quickly — S-LJ3esT udane, ^SiSlULh slkkiram
s o r e (n.); w o u n d -Ljsssr pun
s o r r o w ( n . > -^ssiLD dhukkam, SU(T5^^U) varuttham, GsFiTiXlli sogam
s o r r o w f u l (adj.) — ^sauorresr dhukkamdna
so r rowfu l ly (adv.) -§lAaiLDfTS dhukkamdga
feel s o r r y (v.i.); regret -eil(T^^gJ varunthu (su(g^6S, ai(!S^)
s o r r y (adj.) -euq^^^Slp varunthugira
s o r t (n.); kind; class -eues)£s vagal
s o u n d (make sound) ( v . t . ) -spsiS) oli (^^eSlAx, ^sSI0gi); s siS)«65#Q<9=(U olikkacchey (-Qffijiu, -Qsiugi)
s o u n d (n.) -sgs6) oli
s o u r , sourness (n.) — LjetH puli
139
sour (adj.) -LfsBuL) pulippu, LfsBuunesT puUppana
south (adj.), southern -Qesesr then
the south (n.) -therku
sovereignty (n.); rule -dtchi
space (place, room) (n.) -@ L _ l i ) idam
(outer) space & sky (IL) -6iS!ss5r<o)6ucr5i vinveli,
^•xrnuLD agayam
space (between things) (n.) -
^anL^QojffS idaiveli
spank (v.L); s l a p -^es)p ami (ji/enpiu, ^Bnip^gj); ^14. adi {^U)-&ai, ^ u j . ^ )
speak (v.L) -G u » pesu {QuB^, GuS)
speech (n.) -GuffS^ pecchu
special (adj.) -^asfluui' I thanippatta
special (important) (adj.) -QpASluj mutJdya
specify (v.t.); mention — (g,l^ui3® kurippi4u ((g^uiSlu, (siSluLSCQi)
speed (n.); intensity -( 3a j « t b vegam
speedy (adj.) -GeuaLDireu vegamana
spend (time, money) (v.t.) -QffeOQJLfl selavali
be spent (time, money) (v.i.) -QrS^eoeilLfl selavali
spil l (v.t ) -©iSflj/ sinthu (S^^, gl^)
spir i t (Ufe) (n.) — s^uSipr ityir, ^0LDrr athma
s p U t ( v . ) -l3e(T pila ( iSar««, L S O I ^ )
split (n.); crack— iSletreij pilavu
spoil (go bad) (v.i.) -QsLLQiuGuiT kettu-p-po {-(Surrey -GufTiu)
spoiled (adj.); bad — Q « t l l _ ketta, QxiLQuGufTesr kettuppdna
140
spoon (n.) — sryeisTLs^ kararuii
spoonful (n.) -srressnq.iuerreii karandiyalavu
spot (n.); dot; point-L/6rre(5) pulli
spread (something) (v.L) -aSffl viri (nSrflAs, oSlffl^)
spread (v.i.); extend-eSllfl viri (aSrfiiu, n S f f l ^ )
spread (as darkness, disease) — USXeij paravu {usrai, ujrsiS))
spread (news, disease) (v.t.) -UlXULj parappu {jj^uUy ufjuiSl)
expanse, surface (n.) -UfTULj parappu
spring (water) (n.) -
spring (season) (n.) —
vasantham,
vasantha kalam spy (n.) -
GeueijSilTTTesT vevu-karan, ^ippair orran
spy ( v . t ) -Geue^uafr vevupar
^pfl3ff5? orrari (r^i^iu, -=wjSli5§/)
spy ing (n.), espionage — Gsusiyu/T/r^^d) vSvupartthal, •^ipprSl^eb orrarithal
squeeze (v.t); press -Qrs(l^S(Q nenikku (Qrsd^^, Q/5(r5<5S))
squ i r re l (n.); chipmunk — ^essBeo anil
stab (v.t); h i t -(S^^ kutthu (.tsf0,(s^)
stamp (postage) (n.) — ^urro} ^anec thabal thalai
stamp (n.); seal -(Lp^^smrr mutthirai
stand (v.i.); stay -rffeo nil (aSlp*, iSssrju)
s tar (astro.) (n.); constellation / S L L f f ^ ^ f r i i natchatthiram
s ta r t (v.i.) ; rise -©srrtiiL/ kilambu (©erriiu, Snrui iS)
start up (v.i.); incite -Sleirui-l Idlappu (Slwruu, SerrutS)
141
start (vi.); set out -LJpuuQi purappadu
startle (v.t.); alarm -
thiduklddacchey {-Qffiiiiu, -Qffiiigi)
starve (v.i.) -Ulll4.«5f?u5)(V5 pattiniyiru
state (say, write, publish) (v.) -^fl$)si5! arivi-( j5!a5!««, ^iS^cSipsi)
statement ( n . ) -ff5)«OT« arikkai
state (n.); condition -(^lansu nilai, f^emeoesyus nilaimai
state (nation) (n.) -^nQi nSdu
station (n.); place -f «nsuujLb nilaiyam
statue (n.) -^ s n s u silai-, s_q^enLb univam
status (in organization) (n.) -U0&SI pathavi
stay (v.i.); be; w a i t -
stay (v.i.); remain -^ISJ^ thangu {^liim, ^aiSl)
stay (v.i.); stop, s t a n d -^GO nil (jBpa, rSt^jTti)
stay (v.L); s t o p -ninitthu
O^W^, ^nj/i#) steal (v.t.) -^dS® ihirudu 0®t - , p®if )
steami (v.t.); boil -^ s i 5 ) avi (.=si/a5)««, ^eS^gi)
be steamed (v.i.), boiled -^eSI avi {^aSliu, ^eSl^)
steam (n.) -^rrireSl nirSvi
steam-engine (n.) -0p-iTeSj UJ^^p-Lb niravi yanthiram
steel ( n . ) -6 T o o @ ehku
step (n.); foot; bottom, base -^ i f adi ^
s t e p ( v . ) -^1/14. Kno/ adivai (- snsuaa;, - esmj^gi)
s t e p ( n . ) -Ul^ padi -
142
s t e m (adj.) -sQiemLDiurrejsr kadumaiyana
sternness (n.); harshness -«(5lSJ)L0 kadumai
stick (long) (n.) -xiDLf kambu
stick (short) (n.) -
stick (make adhere to) (v.t) -l^lL(S\ ( g i l i _ , @ L 4 . )
still (adv.); yet; more -^sJrgUii i innun, c ^ s s r / r g j / l i SnSlum
stfll (continuing) (adv.) -^SlgilLb Sgilum
still (quiet) (adj.) -amaithiyana
stink (v.i.) -/S/Wl/ naru (ifnp, rsni^')
stink (n.); stench — fSfTppLD narram
stir (v.t) , disturb -«SU«@ kalakku («6Uffi«, 'fflSUisS))
get s t i r red (v.i.), disturbed — <S5«0/E/@ kalangu (««Uffi/«, «SU(5/g))
stitch (v.t) ; sew - • (sina!«ffl, s s i ^ ^ g ; )
stitch (n.); stitching — sai^ttjd) thaiyal
stomach (n.) -
stone (n.); g e m -
stony (adj.) -«cb ufTsiojDiufrssr kal paraiyana
stop (v.i.); stay; stand-^ s b nil
stop (v.t) ; s t a y -ninitthu
store (n.) , shop -«(5ini_ kadai
s torm (n.) -qiueo puyal
s tormy (adj.) -q i u s u (Tssr puyaldna
story (n.) -store (n.); hearth —
^S^QlULl aduppu
143
straight (adj.); honest-GiSP'freu nerana, QtSP^mLDluiTesr nermaiyana
straightness (n.); honesty -QlBpf<snLD nermai
strange (adj.) -
anniya(mana) stranger (n.) -
^^rffiup' anniyar, ^lueoireir ayaldn
street (n.) -Q^QJ theru, Q?^ vithi
strength (n.); fmnness -S-gi]^ uruthi
strong (adj.) -S-^^lUfTSST uruthiyana
strongly (adv.) — S-gn^lurrsi umthiySga
strength (n.) — ueoiis balam
strengthen (v.t ) -wsouuQl^gl balappadutthu
strong (adj.) -ueOLDfresr bakanana, ueo^iS balattha
strength (n.) -S I J S I 5 ) ( S 3 ) L D ) vali(mai)
strong (adj.) -eueSmLDiurrssr valimaiyana
strike (stoppage of work) (n.) -GexJeinet) rflgu^^ih velai niruttham
strike (stop work) (v.) -
velai niruttham sey ( - Qf f lU lU , - Q3:iUgl)
strike (to hit) (v . t ) -^14. adi
string (n.) -«u5)ffiy kayiru
string (beads, etc.) (v.L) -Q^rrQi thodu (Qasn-L, Q^iTU).)
stroke (n.), blow -^14-
strong (adj.) — ueOLDrrenT balamSna, eueSletDLDUJlTesT valimaiyana
structure (n.); construction-^es)iX)ULf atnaippu
struggle (n.) -Gurrprn' 1 ih pordttam
144
struggle ( v . i . ) -Gufrrrrr® pSradu {QuntfiTt-, Gurrantsj^
stubborn (adj.) -
murattutthanamana student(s) (n.) -
Lorremeyp' manavar (pi.), LDfTemaSl mdriavi(t}, LDfTemeuesr manavan (m.)
study (v.); l e a r n -•XSO kal {mpa, spgu)
study (n.); learning -seoeSI kalvi
study (v.); r e a d -UlSj. padi (utfisffi, uisj.^)
stupid (adj.) -^L_(u)frssr) nuUiaimdna), LoAsam makkana
subinit to; obey; calm down — adahgu
(^t_/5/«, ^ L J 5 ) S ) substitute (n.) -
u^eSI pathili substitute (v.t ) -
u^eorrs emeu pathilaga vai (- smcuAs, - as>aj0^)
subtract (v . t ) -Slfi kali («i^«ffi, « i^^^)
subtraction (n.) -SL^^SieO kalitthal
success (n.); v i c t o r y -Qeuipn^ verri
successful (adj.) -Qeu^i^sriLDnesT verrigaramana
succeed (v.) -Qeupt^QmrTeiT verrikol (-G«/Tsrrar, -Qffi/resjr®)
such (in that way) (adj.) -
athemathiriyana sudden (adj.) -
s_j_esns^iU[TesT udanadiyana, ^ M . / r thidir
suddenly (adv.) -a_L_Gs5r udane, ^lss.Q[reirQ] thidlrenru
suffering (n.); g r i e f -dhukkam,
euq^^^LD varuttham, « s ^ l _ i i kashtam
suffer (v.i.) -gIssTUUuQt thunbappadu ( - u i _ , -UL.®); sd^L-UU® kashtappadu
145
sugar (n . ) -ffffasesifj sarkkarai
suit (v.i.); become-settled-^emLD arrmi
suitable (adj.) — lhakka,
^g5(5^ thaguntha, Qurrq^^^LDiTesr porutthamana
be suitable (v.); be proper -QufTQ^^^ porunthu
summer (n.); hot season-CSffin'is3ii_'(«6?/rsutii) kodai(-k-kalam)
sun (n.) -(g/fl(U£Jr surtyan, (e^rruSlgu nayiru
sunlight (n.); sun's hea t -QeuiSleo veyil, (^fHiU sgsrS suriya oli
sunny (adj.) -e^e^turresr oliyana
sunrise (n.) -(g/flttjesr s-^ujLb
suriyan uthayam
simset (n.) -suriyan maraithal
sunshine (n.); sun's heat — QexiuSo} veyil, @rf)(U i^efH suriya oli
Sunday (n.) — ndyirru(-k-kilamai)
supervise (v.t.) — siessTSineaiA kangani
. (3u)pu/r/rs!D«ivuS)(5) merpdrvaiyidu
supervision (n.) -GLopUfTp'eimxJ merparvai
supervisor (n.) -aemesrressflluun-errp) kangdni(ppalar), GiDjpurrp'ssyeuujrrerrff merparvaiyalar
supply (n . ) -^ s r S ^ d j alitthal
supply-(v.t); g ive -^efh ali (^siSAs, cS /o9^s/)
support (v.t) — athari
146
support (n.) -c ^ ^ / j s y atharavu
support (v.); sustain-^rnsi(^ thdhgu
suppose (v.t); count — STSCTrgwi; emu (sTcrarsasT', ereiBrcinfl)
suppress (v.t) -=3yL_<s@ adakku ( ^ l _ « « , ^ L f f l ® )
sure (adj.) -nicchayatnana, nicchayamuUa
surely (adv.) -^a^s^iuinrrx nicchayamSgd
surprise (n.) — ^^•SFIULD athisayam,
^S^fflfluJLb dcchariyam
surprising (adj.) -athisayamdna, ^S'fflfltULDfTSsr dcchariyamdna
surprisingly (adv.) -dcchariyamSga
be surprised (v.i.) -^^s^uSI athisayi
surrender (v.i.) -S'fremiSJnL^ saranadai ( - ^ s D L t t j , -^ani—^g])
surrender (n.) -sdramuiaithal
surround (v.t) -surru («pp, »pj5))
surroundings (n.) -SripgiJULIpLh surruppuram
survive (v.i.) — ^eiSl^^qg jivitthiru
(-g)®««.-g)(2HS ) suspect (v.t.) -
aTJCp^S) santhegi santhegappadu (-U£_, -uC®)
suspicion (n.); doubt — a75(3^<Btb santhegam
suspicious (adj.); doubtM -santhegamulla, santhegamdna
147
suspiciously (adv.) -
santhegamaga suspend (stop) (v.L) —
sustain (v.L); support -c^^rf ) athari
(•^/flaa, ^i^fiSl) swallow (v.t.) -
eSI(l^lBJ(Q viluhgu (o5)(y)ffi/ffi, aS(ip/5/©)
be sweet (v.) -^ s s f l ini
(g)orf)««, ^esfi0gi)
sweet (adj.) -
^esfluj iniya,
^ssflstnLDiUfTeisr inimatydna
sweetness (n.) -
^ s s f l s s i L D inimai swim (v.i.) -
ninthu (|^,/Sl5^)
swimming (n.) —
/§#(Fsb nlcchal
switch off (v.t ) ; turn off -^emessr anai
sympathy (n.); mercy, pity — ^rrssiLO irakkam
system (n.) -" (Lpemp murai
T table (n.); small desk —
Co(jOSJi<y mesai taU (n.) - _
SU/Tsl) val tailor (n._) -
thaiyalkaran take care (watch out) (v.L) -
partthu-k-kol {-QaiTshar, -QairessrQi)
take (v.L); pick up -6T(5) edu (e7(il««, sjQi^gj)
take (away, along) (v.L) -Q.ssn'em'(^ Gurr kondu pS (- Qutrm, - Gumifj
take up ; continue (v.) -G ) ^ f r ( 5 l thodu (Q^m_jr, Q^rri-irp^)
ta lk (v.i.) -Gus? pesu (Gug:, GuSi)
t a l k ( n . ) -Gua=3^ pecchu
t a U ( a d j . ) -s^iuijLDn'sisT uyaramdna, QtBUf-iU nediya
148
tank (man-made lake) (n.) -(ge iT i i kulam
task (n.) -aiL^QDLD kadamai, GeuemeD velai
taste (n.); f l a v o r -s^meu suvai,
( T j ^ rusi
taste (v.) -
unff nisi par (- unp-ffi*, - u n u 0 g i )
tasty (adj.) -q^^iLierrerr msiyulla
tax (n.); line -Sl/rf? vafi
teach (v.L) -
solli-k-kodu (-£)ffi/r®«ffi, -QsiT®^si)
teach (v.L) -QmeoeSl^^rr solU-t-tha
teacher (n.); editor; author —
^^ifliu^ asiriyar
team (n.) — « i LL j_SB!r f l kuttani, aiiLB\
tear (off) (v.L) ; rip (up) -Slifl kill {JStiflBx, Siifi^^)
be torn (v.i.) —
S\lfl Uli (g)yS)iu, g)f^/5^) tear(s) (eye-water) (n.) -
•sessress?pr kannir tearful (adj.) -
•sssisrsjjsf/r e&QiSip kannir vidugira
tell (v.); say -Q3=rreo sol (Qff/raisu, Qs^rraieS)
temperature (n.) -Qeuuu ^efreij veppa alavu
temple (shrine) (n.) —
GaiTuSeo koyil
temporariness (n.) -
^njsireSlsih tharkaligam
temporary (adj.) -
tharkaliga(mana) ten (n. or adj.) -
patthu
tenth (n. or adj.) -
u^^rreu^ patthdvathu, U^fimJa patlham (adj. only)
tenderness (immaturity) (n.) — ^erremLD ilamai
149
tender (adj.); immature -«Tr(uj) ila(m),
^errSluj ilagiya, ^erranLDiurrasT ilamaiydna
term (length of time) (n.) -Ud^euLB paruvam
term (condition) (n.) -fSlu^^emeu nibanthanai
territory (region) (n.) -iSlrjG^fflM p i r a d h e s h a m
terror (u.), fright — UUJLD payam, uiUlilsilXLD payangaram
terrible (adj.), frightfiii -uiuiiimp'LDiTesr payahgaramana
terribly (adv.), MghtftOly -uiuiiiarrLairx payangaramdga
terrify (v.L), ftighten -payamurutthu
test (n.); academic exam — (30e^ thervu
test (v.); examine -sothanaisey (- Q^iijiu, - Q3=tu^)
textne(s) (n.) -^iijeffl javuU
than (conj.) — eS]L- vida
thank (v.)'-nanri selutthu (- Qs^sil^^' ~ C'JS!/:S^) thanks (n.) -/5£5Tj5! nanri
thankful (adj.) -[BeirfffuLierTerr nanriyulla
thankless (adj.),-ungrateful-^sw/7$) QXLLI— nanri ketta
that (thing) (pron.) -^§1 athu
that Cadj.); those -^ / 5 ^ antha
that way, like tha t -^UUiSj. appadi
theater (n.) -/5/n_<9sa=/re3)su nataka-salai
theft ( n . ) -^(0ll(S) tUruttu
their (poss. adj.) -avargal (rational), avargaludaiya (rat.),
150
avairrin (irrational), avaigalin (iiraL) •
theirs (poss. pron.) -avargaludaijathu (rational), avaiyudaiyathu (irrational)
them (pron.) -avargalai (ace, rational), ^ -avarrai (acc., irrational)
themselves (reflex, pron.) -^ITQLD t h a m e , ^milSiQefT -thdhgale
then (at that time) (adv.) -^uQurr^ appothu
then (after tha t ) -l51/E)@ piragu
then (in that case) -^uuij-iUfTssrrra} appadiyanal
then (after) (adv.) -rg^lllLJipih appuram
beyond (in space) — ^ULJipLD appuram
then (adv.) -^uGurr appo, ^uQurr^ appothu, ^LjQurT(ig§l' appoluthu
there (adv.) -^iBlGa; ahge
there is, itis — ^f^ASlp^ irukkirathu
there!, look there! - -,S>fS^rT atho
thereafter (adv.) -^ ^ s s r tS)p@ athanpiragu
therefore-(STessrQsil enave, ^msiUfreo dgaiyal, _ ^emmuSetsTrreo agaiyinal
therefore (on that account) -^^esmeo athanal, ^•BiQeU agave
these (people)-@ay^6565r i v a r g a l
these (things) >-^emeu ivai
they, those (people) -^eup'xet avargal
they, those (things) -^es)aj{sBerr) avai(gaf) 151
they themselves (refl. pron.); he himself (polite) -
^fTLD tham
th ick (adj.) -^14.0^ thadittha
th ickness (n.) -esipJLi thadippu
thief ( n . ) -@ ( 5 L _ s w thirudan
t h in (adj.) -(olLDGOeSllu melliya
t h i n k (v.L); p o n d e r -grsrorsgi/ ennu
(erffMrsinr, ffrswreasfl) t h i n k (v . t ) ; c o n s i d e r -
•Sg^gl karuthu
(«®^, «i5^) t h i n k (v.L); remember —
iHesyesr ninai
t h i n k (of S . O . , sth.) (pred.) -fHanssr^^ ninainthu
t h i r d (n. or adj.) -munrayathu,
(tpeirprrLD
munram (adj. only) t h i r s t (n.) -
0!TaL[> thagam
t h i r s t y -^rrmunTS thagamaga (adv.), firrMQfieterr thagamuUa (adj.)
" I a m t h i r s t y " (idiom) -enakku thagamaga irukkirathu
t h i r t e e n (n. or adj.) -u^^ipeirgu pathimUnru
t h i r t e e n t h (n. or adj.) —
pathimiinravathu,
U^fipOSTlplTLD pathimunram (adj. only)
t h i r t y (n. or adj.) -(Lpuu^ muppathu
t h i r t i e t h (n. or adj.) — muppathavathu,
(tpuu^fTLD
muppatham (adj. only) t h i s (thing) (pron.), i t -
^ ithu
th i s (adj.) -^ / 5 ^ intha
t h o r n (n.) -(zpsjr mul, (Lperr(§rf mullu
t h o r o u g h (adj.) -^fysiSJsrLD[T<ssi puranamdna
152
t h o r o u g h n e s s (n.) -Lj^p'essrih pUranam
t h o s e (adj.), t h a f -antha
t hose (people) (pron.); they -^euffam avargal
t hose (things) (pron.); they -cgysnsu avai
t h o u g h (even if) (conj.) -^esnrepllh anStum,
erssfle^ILD eninum,
^ S ) @ ) / L b agilum,
^uSlsmiLD ayinum
t h o u g h (nevertheless) (adv.) -r^esTfTeviLD andlum,
eTesrnrreVILD e n r a l u m
t h o u g h t (n.); intention — S T S S s r s B i s n J b ennam
t h o u g h t (n.); idea; o p i n i o n -s;q^^^ karutthu
t h o u s a n d (n. or adj.) -^uSltTLD ayiram
t h o u s a n d t h (n. or adj.) — ayiramavathu
t h r e a d (n.) -nj/ra) nul
t h r e a t (n.) -uiUfLpgll^eo payamurutthal
t h r e a t e n (v.L); fiighten-UUJ(LpgiJ0gj payamurutthu
t h r e e (n. or adj.) -g p s s r g y munru
t h r i f t (n.); economy; brevity -^ f f i a e s n i i sikkanam
th r i f ty ; economical ; brief— ffissemLDneST sikkanamana
thr i f t i ly ; economical ly , briefly S\aiaiesrLDrTS sikkanamaga
t h r o a t (n.) -Q^nemes)L^ thondai
t h r o u g h (across) (prep.) -(ajnjyffisina kurukkal
t h r o u g h (instr. suffix) -- ^ e o -al
t h r o u g h o u t — (Lpip^^Lb murrilum
t h rovr (v.L); hurl ; toss -CTTTJ eri (ffrjSliu, ffrjSff^
t h r o w ( v . L ) ; p u t -(3urT(^ podu
t h u n d e r (n.); s troke -
153
thunder (v.); smash -
thunderbolt (n.), lightning — iMekticsreo minnal
Thursday ( n . ) -eSltUtTLfixSlLpmLD viyalakkiktmai
thus (in that way) — ^UUUj- appadi
tie (v.t); bind; fasten -tiger ( n . ) -
LfeSl puli tight (adj . ) - ^
^guSllu irugiya t ime (n.); season; era—
srreoLb kdlam times (number of) (n.) -
(LpesW) murai tin (metal sheet) (n.) -
^srrici thagaram tin (the element) ( n . ) -TFtULD lyam
t ire (become tired) (v.i.) — _ ^lu oy (gio, ^ l u i ^ ) tired (adj.) —
sesien^^ kalaittha
tiredly (adv.) -^^uunss aluppaga
tiredness (n.) -\ kalaippu^
^ g y u L / aluppu tissue (living) (n.) -
{fdjeif sawu to (prep.), towards —
QrsnsSl nSkki, -a_«(g -ukku (suffix)
today (n.) -^asrgu lnru,\ ^s5rsn/o<5(g inmikku
toe (n.); finger -oSlrrA) viral
toe (n.) -srreo e&rreo kal viral
t o g e t h e r -<SiiL_ kiida, (^SSTprrs onraga
tolerable (fairly good) -s^wrrp'rTai sumaraga
tolerance (n.); toleration -sagipputthanmai
tolerant (adj.) -
sagipputthanmaiyulla
154
tolerate (v.) -<FS) sagi {a^Saa, a^Sl^gi)
tolerate (v.t.); endure -QuiTgi] poru {Qurrgiiaa, Qutrgij0gi)
tomorrow (n.) -lBfTee)6rr{d(g) nalai(kku)
tongue (body part) (n.) -fBnrs(g nakku
tongue (language) (n.) -QwiTLfl moU
too (also) (adv.) -3ii.L- kuda, 3h.l—Geu kadave, GLDO^LD melum
too (overly) (adv.) -iSlaisijLb migavion
tool (n.); iiistrument ^ ^tq^LD ayiaham
tool (n.) - -SiQ^eSl karuvi
tooth (n.) -ueo pal
toothacbe ( n . ) -LJeO ojsSl pal vali
top (of head, etc.) (n.); zenith iicchi
tortoise (n.); turtle -^ £ S ) i O amai
to r tu re ( n . ) -euesifi vathai
tor ture (v.t); torment — euan^ Qa^iLi vathai sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qfftugj)
toss (v.); throw -STff5? eri {sTigliu, eri^^gi) -
total (n.); the whole -GlLDfT^^LD mottham
- touch (v.t.) -Q^rrQi thodu
touch (n.) -Q^fTL—Ofq thodarbu
towards (adv.) -GrsrraS) ndkki
towel (n.); piece -^s55r(S> thundu
town ( n . ) -i^mriLCi nagaram
t r ade (n.), commerce -. sSliununffLD viyabaram t r ade (v.) -
eBiiiTumxLD QffiJ viyabaram sey (- Qffiijuj, - Qffihgi)
155
tradition (n.); generation-urTlhuemrT parambarai
traffic (n.); transport-
pokkavamtthu tragic (adj.) -
dhukkagaramana train (teacli) (v.L) -
payirchikodu (- fl«/T®ffi«, - QaiT®0gi)
training (n.); practice -UuSlpSl payirchi
traitor (n.) -glGp'rrSl thurogi
transport (n.); traffic -
pokkuvaratthu transport (v.t.) -
erri-c-chel (-Qffwjco, -QffejsTipi)
trap (n.) -Quirri^ pari
trap (v.t.) -
porivaitthu-p-pidi (-ij)if A s , -i3[^0gi)
travel (n.), journey — i3[rujrremih {uujsmih) piraydnam (payanam)
travel (v.i.), journey -i^rriunsmih Q^iii piraydtiam sey (- Qa^iuiu, - Qs^mgi)
traveler (n.) -LSrriurretssfl (uiusstsfl) piraydni (payani)
treachery (n.) —
^QfTrTsnh thwogam
treason (n.) -sathi
treasure (n) -rS\^ nithi
treaty (n.) -^UU^^LD oppantham
tree (n.); wood (substance) -LO/TLD maram
trial (n.); investigation-e&mp'sinsm visdranai
trial (attempt) (n.) — (Lpiun)^ muyarchi
tribe (n.); clan -(gsuii) kulam, ^eSTLD inam
156
t r i p ( n . ) -i3rriu[TsmLD {uiuemLD) pirayanam (payanam)
troops (n.); army -ues)l— padai
trouble (n.); difficulty -Q^mj^iTSl / thontharavu, sei^i—LD kashtam
trouble (v.) -
thontharavu sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qsajgi)
troublesome (adj.) -
thontharavdna true (adj.), truthful -
s^essretnLDlurresr unmaiyana, GlBP's^LDlLjefrerr nermaiyulla
truth (n.); f a c t -a_ssiirs!r)U! unmai, Q^ffSS)LD nermai
truth (n.); certainty -^ffS^lULD nicchayam
trunk (box) (n.) -QuiLuf- petti
trunk (of an elephant) (n.) -^^sens thuthikkai
trust (v.t); b e l i e v e -rsLDLJ nambu QBLDU, iswiSI)
try (v.t); see, l o o k -UfTp' par {urrffsai, urr.
try hard (v.); strive -(Lpiueo muyal (xyiiueo, QfiiuesTipj)
Tuesday (n.) -
sewdykMlamai turn (v.i.); return-
^(§LDLl thirumbu (@(5ii)U, gcgiitS)
turn (cause to turn) (v.t.) — ^(§ULl thiruppu
turn (one's) (n.) -(Lpemp mural
turn off (v.t); switch off -^ s n s s s r anal
turtle (n.); tortoise-^onLD dmal
twelve ( i L or adj.) -us5re5flfrsssr(51 pamnrandu
twelfth (n. or adj.) -uekesflp'essri—fTeiJ^ pannirandavathu, ueireisflpremL^n-Lb pannlrandam (adj. only)
157
twen ty (n. or adj.) ^ u n d e r s t a n d (v.i.); k n o w -^Q3Ugj iritbathu an
twent ie th (n. or adj.) -Q^lfl theri
irubathavathu. u n d e r s t a n d (pred.) -
irubatham (adj. only) LjUllUih puriyam twice - don ' t u n d e r s t a n d -
(Lpemp iru murai LflfliUfT^ puriyathu ' two (n. or adj.) — u n i q u e (adj.); u n p r e c e d e n t e d -
^rrimQ\ ^Ljfl'euLDrrsa' apUrvamana u n i t e ( v . t ) ; jo in —
u 5 (51 kudu (»iL, ShU).) u t m i t e (v.t.); jo in -u m b r e l l a (n.) — G<3=p' ser (CSsTJ-ffis, Gasj^g/)
(gszDL kudai j o in (v.i.); reach — n n a b l e (aux. V . ) - G<9:pr ser (Ga^^r, Qa^gi)
(LpUj-lurrgj mudiyathu u n i v e r s e (n.) -nnce r t a in (adj.) - lSl[TU(ffl^ffLD pirapanjam
ift'f'S^lULDpp nicchayamarra un ive r s i ty (n.) -unc le (n.) -
LDiTLDfT _mSma, palkalaikkalagam LDiTLnasT mSman unless ( c o n j . ) -
u n d e r (prep.); underneath - e^lfliu oliya, ^sSirr thavira. SQifi lale ^<siievfT«Sla).&> illsvidil
u n d e r (subject to) - u n r a v e l (v.i.); b e separated -^is^uSQeo adb/ile t5/fl piri (iSfiliu, L S I % ^ )
158
u n r i p e (fruit) (adj.) -smui-^esi) kSy(arm)
unt i l , as far as — a /an /T vqrai, evmcruSleb varaiyil, sijes)p'ai(QLD varaikkum
u n t r u e (adj.) -QufTluuJlTasT poyyana
unwe l l (pred.) -
asaukkiyamana u p o n , on top of, above -
Gujsb mel, GLDQSO mele
u p p e r (adj.) — C P L D G U mel, Qwetirrasr melana
u p s t a i r s (n.); roof terrace -LDlTLH. modi
u p s t a i r s (adv.) -Gi£)d)lB/rtij.u5)a) mSlmadiyil
u p t o (adv.) — euesifx varai ,
u r g e n c y (n.); necessi ty -_,^exis^fILD avasaram u r g e n t (adj.) —
avasara(mana)
u r g e n t l y (adv.) — ^eufffjLDrrs avasaramaga
u s (pron.) (acc.) -€T!BJaes)SfT engalai (excl.), fgLDonLD nammai (incl.)
n s (pron.) (daL) -
engalukku (excl.), rBLDSi(Q namakku (incl.)
u s e (n.), usefulness -a-uQiurranh ubayogam
u s e (v.t.) — s^uQiuirSi ubayogi {s^iJSiuiTSlms;, s.jJ3iunS)0gi)
useful (adj.) -
ubayogamana usefu lness (n.) — sJuQlunmin ubayogam,'
UlUsisT payan ^ useless (adj.)
s^uGiurrsiLDpp ubayogamarra, utussrpp payanarra, S-^GUrr^ uthavatha
u s u a l (adj.); common; public -Qufrgj^LDfTBsf) poihu(mana), euLp^aLDtTesT valakkamana
159
usually (adv.) - vicinity (n.); side; page -eutfixmih Gluneo usaLD pakkam valakkam pola vicious (adj.) -
V QaL^nesr kedana
valley (n.) - victim (sacrificial) (n.) -ueirerr0^rr<s(g pallauhakku us5l ball.
value (n.) - ueSloJirerr 6a/rya/(human) LD^uq mathippu victorious (adj.) -
valuable (adj.) - Qeupi^u^saen verriyulla LD^ULj LSAS mathippu mikka victory (n.); success -
vanguard (n.) — Qojp^ verri (Lpesrasransfl munnani view (n.) -
vanguard (n.); futurity - ufTpiemoj parvai. ST^Grr ethire XITLLSI katchi
vegetable(s) (n.) - view (v.t) -srnusi^ kSykari urrp' par (uirfss, unu^);
vegetarian(ism) [adj. (n.)] - ^rreisT kSn {snewr, ssrargi) ang^eii satva village (n.) -
vehicle (n.) - Sip'iTLDLD girSmam eiirrxesTLb vaganam, village (n.); (home)town -ojeisnq. vandi simpr ur
very (adv.) - vine (n.); flag -LEIS miga QsfTLq. kodi
much- violence (n.) -uSxeLjLD migavum QsrrQiemLD kodumai
very much - violent (adj.) -LEI'SS mikka. QanTQiemLDUjfTem ^^SLDrresr athigamana kodumaiyana
160
visible (peed.); perceived - ^ rote (v.) -Q^i^iqiD theriyum Qj/ra;® ^sH} vakku ali
(- ^e/Uss, - ^eS^gi);
Q^f[\iUfT§} theriyathu sufTsQaQi vakkedu
visit f v p a y a visit — -( - S T ( S l f f i « , -eT(Sl0gl)
voter (n.) -
varugai thd eurTsanTeu^ vdkkalar
(- - ^S>) voting (n.) -
call on a person (v.) - eyrT3;Qs(S\LJLi vakkeduppu Qs^eirgi] urr^ vowel (n.) -senru par
(- uirffos:, - unii^si) uyir (elutthu)
visit (n. ) - voyage (by sea) (n.) -.y/50^a5sb santhitthal SL^pLSlrriurTsssnh
visitor (n.) — kadarpirayanam
€ii([^m<9iUJfTGfrp' varugaiyalar vulture (n.) -
voice fn.) — 6!(tf)@ kalugu
(^p-GO kural w volcano T I L ^ —- wage(s) (n.) -
S7/f)LD£iOiSD erimalai ffLnueniSi sambalam
vomit fn. ~ daily wage(s) (n.) -
6 U n Y 5 ^ vdnthi (^«isr<9s)a^s^ (thina-k-)kuli
vomit (v.) — waist (n.); half -^ancr arai
vdnthivsdu waist (n.); hip -^&LJLi iduppu
vote (n.) — waist (n.); middle-fflj/ra© vakku ^ i S 3 i z _ _ idai
161
w a i t (v . i . ) ; r e m a i n ; b e —
w a i t (v.i .) -Sin^^(§ kdtthiru (-g)®«5, - g ) (5 !5^ )
w a i t (v . i . ) ; e n d u r e — Qunrgjj pom
w a i t f o r (v . ) ; e x p e c t -S T ^ f f JJ/T/r £ / / i fr par (- un^^y - unu0§i)
w a i t e r (n . ) -QLoems^uue'usflujrrerT mesai-p-paniydl
w a l k (v . i . ) ; b e h a v e ; h a p p e n — - /5L_ nada (jsi—sm, i^u^) g o f o r a w a l k ( v . ) -
nadanthu kol (- Qairatm, - SlmirsisrQ!)
w a l k ( s t ro l l ) ; p a c e (n . ) -{Bonl— nadai
w a l l (n.) -SKurr s ivar
w a n d e r (v . i . ) ; m o v e a b o u t — ^ e w s o alai ( ^ a n s u t u , «neu/5a;/)
w a n d e r i n g s ( t r ave l s ) (n . ) — ^es)e»fffeo alaicchal
w a n d e r ( r o a m a b o u t ) (v . ) — * ^ £ 2 / surru (aprp, a j i j i ) )
w a n t ( a u x . v . ) ; d e s i r e ; n e e d -QeiieisrQiLh vendum
d o n ' t w a n t , d o n ' t n e e d -CSaJ655ri_/TU3 vendam
w a n t (v . ) -siS)(T5ii)L/ virumbu (aSJpsiiu, aSgj i i i j l )
w a r ( n . ) ; b a t t l e -Qunff por
w a r m ( h e a t - w i s e ) (adj . ) -GleyuuLDfTssr veppamdna
w a r m t h ( h e a t ) (n . ) — QaJUULD veppam
w a r n ( v . t ) --STS^3=l^ ecchari
w a r n i n g (rL) -erfftflflxana; eccfmrikkai
w a s h ( b u t n o t l a u n d r y ) (v . t . ) -SQ^eij kaluvu
w a s h ( l a u n d r y b y b e a t i n g w e t o n r o c k ) ( v . L ) ; t h r a s h -^ S S J O J thuvai (^Gi)iajm^, a^cmci/^^y)
w a s p (n . ) -@«ra5) kulavi
162
w a s t e ( v . t ) — siSemuj- viTiadi
D o n ' t w a s t e m y t i m e ! -
en neratthai vinadikkathe w a s t e f u l (adj . ) -
e3tsm!TS6T vinana w a s t e f u U y ( a d v . ) -
eSsmrrs vinaga w a s t e f u l n e s s ( n . ) ; fu t i l i ty -
eSsisr vln w a s t r e l (n . ) —
eSemem vlmm w a t c h ( n . ) , c l o c k -
(siru) kadigaram w r i s t - w a t c h (n . ) -
kai-k-kadigaram w a t c h ( v . t ) ; t a k e c a r e -
Xisueisfl kavani («sueifl««, sajasfl^gj)
w a t c h f u l n e s s (n . ) -(SSl/Gsr i i ) kavanam
w a t c h m a n (n . ) —
kavat-karan
w a t c h o v e r ( v . ) ; t a k e c a r e o f -
partthu-k-kol ~ _ (-Qarrerrar, -QxrremQi)
w a t e r (n . ) -0pr nlr, ^emea^p- thannir
w a t e r p o t (n . ) -
thannir htdam w a v e ( n . ) ; w a n d e r (v . ) -
^emeo alai
w a v e (v . ) — ^em&)Uj[T(g) alaiyadu ( - ^ / _ , -^^)
w a v y (adj . ) - " ^£S)so<s^errea alaigalulla
w a y ( n , ) ; p a t h -euifl valj
w a y ( n . ) ; r o a d -
w a y ( m a n n e r ) ( n . ) ; k i n d - ^ susmas vagal, LDn^fh mathiri
w e a k (ad j . ) -^errpr^^ thalamtha, QiaeSI^^ melintha, eiiefiienmp valuvajra
163
weakness (n.) -
sua^aSleiranLD valuvinmai,
(Qmn)unQ\w e a l t h (n . ) , riches; m o n e y -
Qff&teiiLD selvam,
uessriM panam
w e a l t h y (adj.) , rich-
selvamikka, uemLD panam padaittha
w e a p o n ; t o o l , i n s t r u m e n t -
^iLj^LD Syutham
w e a r ( v . t ) ; p u t o n —
.^sW? ani ( ^ r a s f l i u , ^ s M f l j j ^ ) ;
s^Qi^§! udutthu
w e a t h e r (n.) -
arrso iffemeo kala nilai
weave (v.) -
(o)(5(U ney {Qpiiiu, Slreiugi)
w e d d i n g ( u . ) , m a r r i a g e -
^(f^LDessTLh thirumanam,
{neoiurrassTLD kalyanam
W e d n e s d a y (n.) -
Lj^sirSlLpismLD
buthangikmai
w e e k (n.) -
eunrXLD varam
w e e k l y (adv.) -
varanthorum
w e e p ( v . i . ) , cry -
w e e p i n g (n.) -
^(Lpanm alugai
w e i g h (v.t . ) -
/^ffy niru (jEliriiaim, 0lm]^§!) w e i g h t (n.) -
STSSiL edai
w e l c o m e ( v . t ) ; greet -
surjQeiieo varavel
w e l c o m e (n.) -
rBSOeurreij nalvaravu,
eVijGeiJpLj varaverpu
w e l f a r e ( n . ) ; benefi t —
(5S0lii nalam
w e U ( o f water) (n.) -
Slemgil Idnaru
w e n (nice ly) (adv.) -
/5sir@ nangu,
rSeirpfTiX nanmga
w e l l - b e i n g ( n . ) ; g o o d h e a l t h —
»d5li sugam
164
west (adj . ) ; h i g h ; a b o v e - w h e n ? -
QLDISO mel eruQurr eppo.
the w e s t (n.) - eruGufT^ eppothu.
O L D p ( g merku eTuQun(Lp^ eppoluthu
wetness ( n . ) , dampness - w h e n (at the t i m e w h i c h ) -
fF/rti Iram QurrQ^^eo poluthil
w e t (adj . ) , damp - w h e n e v e r (adv.) ; a lways -
FFjXU^rrssr iramana. eruGufT^ih eppSthum
rsemm^ss nanair'-tha w h e r e ? -
get w e t ( v . i . ) - ST/i/Oa! enge tSemasr nana! w h e r e (place at w h i c h ) -(iBsiTswiu, rsenesr^gi)
make w e t (v.t.) - entha idatthil FefjLnnsi(g, iramSkku w h e r e v e r ; everywhere;
(-^«ffi , - ^ « S ) ; anywhere —
TSetnasT nanai ffT/5y@ii) engum.
(/5«n6!(7'<s<s, / 5 s s ) 6 a r ^ ^ ) ST/S/Gffitt/LO ehgeyum
w h a t ? - w h i c h ? -
STGSTS^ enna S T i j ^ entha
w h a t e v e r ; any, a u y t l d n g - w h i c h one?, w h i c h thing? -
S T ^ ethu, ethu
ethuvagilum w h i c h e v e r -
w h a t ' s m o r e - S T ^ a / l i ethuvum
^Q^nQi athodu w h i c h d a y ? -
w h e a t (n.) - STSsrgy enru (5«/Tj5/£5)LD gothumai w h i c h e v e r d a y (every day.
w h e e l (n.) - forever) —
{FSSIJLD chakkaram STesrgULO enrum
165
while (conj.) -6T/5^ Qufr(Lp^<A) enthapoluthil
a while (a period of time) — . -QufT(Lp^eo -poluthil, .
G/B/Ttb. neram, Qeuanerr velai
white (adj.); whiteness (n.) -QsuefrianOT vellai, QeuemetoLDiurresr -yenmaiyana (adj.)
whiteness (n.); purity -QajismetniS! venmai
who? -1U/77T yar
whoever (pxon.) -lumj . . . -s> /'n y a r . . . -um
whole (adj.); entire -QfiQ^ mulu
whole Cn.) -6Td)su/rii eZ2am
the whole (n.); total -QLDIT^^LD mottham
whose? -iuaqge<s)l—iu ySmdmya, 6TSU®S5>1_HJ evaruduiya
why? -^ s s r en
wide (adj.) -^se\iLDlTesT agalamana
widen (v.L) - ' ^
agalappadutthu {-u(si0, -u®^g) )
w idth (n.), breadth -^dSSOtb agalam
wife (n.) -LDemssreS manaivi
wi ld ( ad j . ) -maiL® kattu
wi l l (wish) (n.) — eSl{!gLlULb viruppam
wil l ing (ready) (adj.) —
viruppamulla,
l3lfluJLDrreJsr _piriyamana
willingly (adv.) -
eSl(§uUL[>rTS viruppamaga
win (v.L) -G)sDJ)ff5) Q u n j / verripenr {-Gjup^-Quffjirtf)
winner (n.) -
verriperuvan window (n.) -
g s j r s s r a j jamal
166
wipe (v.t); dry (by wiping) -^es)L- thudai
wire (n.) -XSIMLSI kambi.
wisdom (n.) -(S^nsSTiSi nanam, eSlGeilSLD vivekam
wise (adj.) -Q5)Ga;i5(tpsfr«Tr vivekamidla,
vivekamudaiya wish (v.); want -
OSIQ^LDLJ virumbu
wish (n.) — sSlq^uULD viruppam,
eSlqgULl viruppu
with (prep.) -<^Ql odu,
s^L-SST udan
withdraw (money, etc.) (v.t) -lilsjrsi/n'ffiy® pinvSngu {-oJiTiam, -airrmiSi)
withei: (v.i.); dry; heat up -afnu kay
within (in space or time) — a_6rr ul, s^ehGerr uUe
without (lacking) -^(ajsurrjs/ illdthu,
^d)su/r^ illdtha,
^soecrTLDiA) illamal
witness (n.) -a^fTlL^ sdtchi
woman (n.); g i r l -Quem pen
wonder (n.); miracle — ^s^fflfliuth dcchariyam
wonder (v.) -
dcchariyam kol
(- Qmrrofrm, - Slaaressr®);
dcchariyamadai
wonderful (adj.) -
piramathami ana) wood (substance) (n.) -
LDtJlD maram
wool (n.) — aiCauefA kambali
word (n.); saying; language -QLDITL^ moli
167
w o r d (n.) -eurrff^en)^ vartthai,
QfffT<so sol w o r k , occupation; industry -
Q^nifido tholil w o r k e r (n.) -
Q^rTLfistirre/H tholilsli w o r k ( n . ) ; j o b —
Geuemei} velai w o r k (v.) -
G s K s n s u Q f f i u velai sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qs^iugj)
p u t to w o r k (v.) -
CSsuemsi) Qffiuiu emeu velai seyya vai ( - cnoj-SdS, - esyaj^^)
w o r k e r (n.) -QeuetnsDAsrrp'p' velaikkarar ( m . or f . ) , Qeuemeosxrrp'eir velaikkaran ( m . ) , Qeuemecssmfl velaikkdri ( f . )
w o r l d ( n . ) , earth —
s^eoSLD ulagam
w o r l d l y (adj.) -s _ s u « ulaga,
QetierrSsLDfrew lauldkamana
w o r m ( n . ) ; m a g g o t -L/(tp pulu
w o r r i s o m e (adj.) -seuemenu^eaefT kavalaiyulla
w o r r y ( n . ) ; concern, c a r e -
« a ; s ! n s i ) kavalai w o r r y ( v . i . ) -
seueineouuCSl kavalaippadu i-uL., -uC(Si)
w o r s e -G L O g y z i GLDiTffLDrTesr melum mosamana
w o r s t -LBS; GLDfT3=LDITem miga mosamana
w o r s h i p ( v . L ) ; b o w to -(^LhiS}(Sl kumbidu
( @ U I L 9 I _ , @ U ] I 5 L Q 1 )
w o r s h i p (v .) — L ^ s m ^ Q f f i U pUjaisey (- Qsdjiu^ - Qs^dj^)
w o r s h i p (n.) -.^yjn'^eneiST aradhanai,
y s m ^ pujai
w o i m d ( n . ) ; s o r e -
L/sssr pun w o m i d ( injure) ( v . t ) -
LfemuQ^^^ punpadutthu
168
w r e c k ( a g e ) (n.) -^iflunQi alipadu
w r e c k (v . t . ) -
^ q . idi ( g ) i , . « « , g ) 4 - ^ ^ )
w r i t e (v .) -
eT(Lp§l eluthu («T(yi^, S T O ^ )
w r i t e r ( o f prose) (n.) -
eT(Lp0^rrefTff elutthalar
w r i t i n g (n.) —
eT(Lp0^ elutthu
w r o n g ( n . ) ; mistake -
(gpipLD kurrdm, ajajgy thavaru, ^LJLS^IJD thappitham, ^emtM thlmai
w r o n g (adj . ) ; m i s t a k e n —
^exjurresr thavarana, eSLJl3^LCi[T£isT thappithamana
w r o n g l y (adv.) ; m i s t a k e n l y -
^eiirj'rrs thavaraga, ^uiSl^LDfTS thappithamaga
Y y e a r (n.) —
«K(^aj(U) (eiiq^i I'n) varusham (varudam), ^eisrQl andu
yeUow (adj . [ o r n . ] ) -
LC:(^ffea 0^ff3[(i]) manjal (nira[mj)
y e s -
^LDfT{LD) ama(m)
yes; f i n e ; c o r r e c t -
ffrU sari y e s t e r d a y (n.) -
GlSpg^ nerru y e t (adv.) , s t i l l ; m o r e ;
fur thermore — ^esig^LD inrum
y e t ( t i l l n o w ) -
^^euemrx ithuvarai y e t (nevertheless) —
^uSl^LD ayinum y o u ( n o m ) —
n f ( s i n g . ) ,
fg/T nlr,
$lBJSerT nlhgal ( p i . )
y o u (acc.) -
S-eisTes)eisT unnai (s ing.) ,
s^liisemerr uhgalai ( p i . )
y o u (daL) —
S_ssrd5@ unakku (s ing.) ,
£_ffi/«(sr5«(g ungalukku (p i . )
y o u n g (adj.) -
g)s!nsrriu ilaiya
169
the young of some animals -( g t l i f kutti
your (possessive) (sing.) -£_sjr un, a-gargifS!ni_m ummdaiya
your (possessive) (pi.) -s^isiserr uhgal, a j5 ; « (^e inz_ iu ungaludaiya
yours (singular) — s^asrgj unathu,
unnudaiyathu yours (plural) -
ufigaludaiyathu yourself (reflex, pron.) -
0Guj mye (familiar), ^liisGsiT mngale (hon.)
yourselves (reflex, pron.) -0riJs(Serr nihgale
youth (n.); immaturity; tenderness -^ c r r sDLD ilamai
youth (young people) (n.) -^aneiTi^P' ilainar
zenith (n.); noon -a_.#ffl ucchi
zero (n. or adj.) -Lj^tuiM bujyam
zoo (n.) -
mirugakkatchi salai
170
FOOD Vegetables
banana (green bananas used for cooking) -
OjfranLpsiismu valai-k-kay beans (butter beans) -
avarai-k-kay string beans -
kotthavarangay b e e t r o o t -
(§C' bitrut br in ja l (egg plant) -
6!^^fl<B«/riu katthiri-k-kay c a b b a g e -(5«/rsfu gos
c a r r o t -'Gas/rtl' kerat
cucumber -Qsuerrerrfhssmu vellari-k-kSy
drumst ick —
murungai-k-kSy egg plant (brinjal)—
s^^l^aamu katthiri-k-kay
bitter-gourd -uirsussilTUJ pava-k-kay
snake-gourd -qL^eoiiiesfTlu pudalangay
g r e e n s -Seinix kirai
ladies ' fingers (okra) -QeveisranL-^ssmij) vendai(-k-kay)
m u s h r o o m -siaemrasT kslan
o n i o n -QojfSJSSfTUJLD vehgayam
peas, green -ua^ma' ui' I .frssafl pacchai pattani
potato -
urulai-k-kilahgu sweet potato —
sarkkarai valli-k-kilangu p u m p k i n —
upiBtSiasmiJ parahgi-k-kay
sp inach (& greens in gen.) -SsJD/r Krai
tomato -^<S565/rnfl thakkdli
171
Fru i t
apple -
^uiSlefT appil
b a n a n a -
eurremLpuuLpLD vdlai-p-palam
cus ta rd app le -
sitthd-p-paUun
d a t e s -
periccham-palam
figs-
^^^UULpiJD atthi-p-palam
g o o s e b e r r y -
QfSsosSlasrriU nelli-k-kay
g r a p e s -
^rrmLes)a= thiratchai
guava -
Qsmuiurr goyya
j a c k f r i l i t —
ueorruuLpih pala-p-palam
lemon/l ime -STffl/ iBs^mf elumicchai,
elumiccham-palam
m a n g o —
LDfTLbULpLb mam-palam orange -
•^[r(^» aranju
loose jacket o range — SLDsvrr c^O' (g j » kamala aranju
p a p a y a -
uuurTsM{uuLpiM) pappdH( -p-palam)
p ineapp l e -
^eiresTfT^uuLpih annasi-p-palam
r a i s i n s -
css/riu/ja; ^[rmLes)3= kayntha thiratchai
sapota —
s^uQumLi^rr sappotta sweet - l ime —
s:fT0^S(gui. satthukkudi w a t e r - m e l o n —
^/rysru dharbUs,
dhar-p-pOsani wood-app l e -
eSlerrrTLhuifiLh vilam-palam
172
Cereals & Gra ins b a r l e y -
lueuLD {luemsxi) yavam (yavai), ajfTpQ3irT^es)LD vargothumai
flour-
LDfTeij mavu g r a i n -
s^rrasfllULD dhaniyam mai z e (U.S.: c om ) -
makkd-c-chdlam m i l l e t ( in general) -
^es)esT thinai a m i l l e t -
SLDLI kambu m i l o -
QmefTLa sdlam r a g i —
(3iSy)Sl/ir@ kelvaragu rice (unhusked) —
Qfgeb nel
r i c e (husked, bu t uncooked) -
^ffi& arisi rice (parboi led) -
pulungal arisi
rice (cooked) -
GfffTffi] soru, fffT^LDsatham rice flour-
^ f f l ^ LDrrsi^ arisi mavu s e m o l i n a -
Ijsmaj ravai w h e a t —
Qs;a§ies)LD gothumai re f ined w h e a t flour -
aniD^rr maidha w h o l e w h e a t flour -
gothumai mavu
Legumes & Pulses b e n g a l g r a m (spl it ) -
d51_SinSU UQ^ULJ kadalai paruppu
b e n g a l g r a m flour -
a!L_s!nso ui/TSi/ kadalai mavu b l a c k g r a m (spl it ) -
uluttham paruppu g r e en g r a m (split ) —
UlU^^LD U(§ULj
payattham paruppu s p l i t g r a m (p igeon pea) -
thuvaram paruppu
173
Nuts & on Seeds Spices & Condiments a l m o n d s - anise -
UfT^fTLO U(§ULI GarnhLj sombu
badhSm paruppu asafoetida — a r e c c a - n u t - Quq^lilstTiULb peruhgayam
UfTS!^ pakku c a r d a m o m — cashewnut - ^isossilTiu ela-k-kay
c h i U i -munthiri-p-paruppu LSIerrmrriu milagay
coconut - c i n n a m o n -G^liimiTlU thengay uiLemL^ pattai
groundnut (peanut) - clove -
SlirrnhLj kirSmbu
(ver-k-)kadalai c o r i a n d e r -l i n s e e d - Qxrr^^LDebsSI kotthamalli
^e^eSlm^ aliviihai c u m i n —
m u s t a r d s e e d - ^prsLD slragam <B®(g kadugu c u r r y leaf—
peanut (groundnut) — (G«l//r<55)«LS!nsO kariveppilai
(ver-k-)kadalai fenugreek —
pistachio - Qey^^iuiM venthayam
l3<s<MS,!T pistha g a r l i c -
sesame (gingelly) seed - Lj^essrQl pUndu
CTsfrisrj ellu g i n g e r -
sunflower seed - inji
n u t m e g — siiriya-ganthi vithai SFrr^sxmu jdthi-k-kSy
174
oregano — i^LDLD omam
p e p p e r -
L3err(g milagu
poppy s e e d -
a3'ag=fT kasakasa
t a m a r i n d —
L/srS puli
t u r m e r i c -LD(e^3=erT manjal
v i n e g a r -arrut- kMi
Flesh. Fowl. & Sea Food b e e f -
iXiml(i1<S5<Bff5) mattu-k-kari
c h i c k e n —
GatTL^ kolj
c r a b -
jBsmQl nandu
fish-
iSeir mm m e a t -
cSSffS kari
m u t t o n -
^ i l ( i l « « f f 5 ) attu-k-kari
p o r k -
uarr^ssr^ panri-k-kari
prawQS —
^prreo irdl
Other Foods b r e a d -
QrrmLuf. rotti
b u t t e r -
QeueisrQessnlj venney
b u t t e r m i l k -
QiDrrif mor
c o f f e e -
snuiSl kdppi
coffee beans —
kappi-k-kottai
coffee poTvder -
smJiS^^err kappi-t-thul
c r e a m -
c ^ ( S j r ) L _ ddai, edu
c u r d s -
^uSl^ thayir
egg (chicken) -
(LpiLmL^ muttai
ghee (clarified butter) -
Q^tu ney
m i l k -
urreo pdl
s u g a r —
s^p'sxemp' sarkkarai
s u g a r - c a n e —
sq^LDLj karumbu
175
acc. = accusative (case) adj. = adjective adv. = adverb
agric. = agriculture art = article (gram, term)
astron. = astronomy bio. = biology boL = botany
conj. = conjunction (gram.) dat. = dative (case) esp. = especially excl. = exclusive
f. = feminine (gender) fam. = familiar (address) gen. = general hon. = honorific (address) ind. = inclusive
instru. = instrumental (case) inteq. = interjection inteir. = inteffogative
iff. = iffegular irrat = irrational
m. = masculine (gender)
ions Used n. — noun, nominal
obj. = objective (dat. case) opp. = opposite
p. = participle p.p. = past participle
pi. = plural pol. = polite (or politics)
poss. = possessive (case) pred. = predicate pron. = pronoun
reflex. = reflexive respect = respectful
v. respect = very respectful sing.= singular
s.o.= someone Spk.Tam.= spoken Tamil
sth.= something sirf.= suffix
temp.= temperature V. = verb
v.i. = verb instransitive v.t = verb transitive
voc. = vocative (case)
176
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