Xpert Sys Present

8/8/2019 Xpert Sys Present

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EXPERT SYSTEMEXPERT SYSTEM

GROUP MEMBERS:

ANUM ZUBERI (CT-051)

FAKHRA IFTIKHAR (CT-055)

ERUM ABBAS (CT-031)


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WHAT ISANWHAT ISAN



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EXPERT SYSTEM:EXPERT SYSTEM:yAn expertexpert systemsystem is software that attempts to provide

an answer to a problem, or clarify uncertainties where

normally one or more human experts would need to beconsulted. Expert systems are most common in aspecific problem domain, and is a traditionalapplication and/or subfield ofartificialartificial intelligenceintelligence.

A wide variety of methods can be used to simulate theperformance of the expert system.


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EXPERT SYSTEMANDARTIFICIALEXPERT SYSTEMANDARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE:INTELLIGENCE:yy ExpertExpert SystemsSystems are computer programs that are

derived from a branch of computer science research

called Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI's scientific goal isto understand intelligence by building computerprograms that exhibit intelligent behavior. It isconcerned with the concepts and methods of symbolic

inference, or reasoning, by a computer, and how theknowledge used to make those inferences will berepresented inside the machine.


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y Of course, the term intelligenceintelligence covers many

cognitive skills, including the ability to solve problems,learn, and understand language; AI addresses all ofthose. But most progress to date in AI has been madein the area of problem solving -- concepts andmethods for building programs that reason aboutproblems rather than calculate a solution.

y The major difference between an expert system and asimple database containing information on aparticular subject is that the database can only give the

user discrete facts about the subject, whereas an expertsystem uses reasoning to draw conclusions from storedinformation. The purpose of this AI application is notto replace our human experts, but to make theirknowledge and experience more widely available.


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PARTS OF EXPERTPARTS OF EXPERTSYSTEMSYSTEM


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Parts of Expert SystemParts of Expert System

KnowledKnowled--

ge basege base The knowledge

base containsboth declarative(factual) andprocedural(rules-of-usage)

knowledge in avery narrowfield.

InferenceInferenceengineengine The inference

engine runs thesystem bydetermining whichproceduralknowledge to accessin order to obtainthe appropriate

declarativeknowledge, thendraws conclusionsand decides whenan applicablesolution is found

UserUserinterfaceinterface All user interfaces

are bi-directional;

that is, are able toreceiveinformation fromthe user andrespond to theuser with itsrecommendations.T

he designer'suser interfacemust also becapable of addingnew informationto the knowledgebase..


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INTERFACE:INTERFACE:yAn interface is usually defined as the point where the

machine and the human "touch." An interface isusually a keyboard, mouse, or similar devices.

EXPERT SYSTEM INTERFACE:EXPERT SYSTEM INTERFACE:In an expert system, there are actually two differentuser interfaces.

One is for the designer of the system (who is generally

experienced with computers).The other is for the user (generally a computernovice).


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WORKI

NG OF

ANEXPERT SYSTEM:

WORKI

NG OF

ANEXPERT SYSTEM:


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ANIDEALEXPERT SYSTEMANIDEALEXPERT SYSTEMAn ideal expert system can be characterized as includingfollowing.

Application of search techniques.Support for heuristic analysis.

Symbolic Processing.

Capacity to infer new knowledge from existing

knowledge.A language processor for problem oriented

communication between the user & the expert system.


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APPLICATIONS:APPLICATIONS:Expert systems are designed and created to facilitatetasks in the fields of

Accounting.

Medicine.

Process Control.

Financial service.

Production.Human Resources etc.


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AREAS OF EXPERT SYSTEM:AREAS OF EXPERT SYSTEM:Most applications of expert systems will fall into oneof the following categories:

y Interpreting and identifying

y Predicting

y Diagnosing

y Designing

y Planning

y

Monitoringy Debugging and testing

y Instructing and training

y Controlling


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ARCHITECTURE OFANARCHITECTURE OFAN



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HierarchyHierarchy of Expert Systemsof Expert Systems ddevelopmentevelopment process.process.


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TYPES OF EXPERTTYPES OF EXPERT

SYSTEMSYSTEM


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TYPES OF EXPERT SYSTEM:TYPES OF EXPERT SYSTEM:y Most of the expert systems have common characteristics

already explained above like user friendliness,queryanswering and explanation of the logic.However for

different purposes of decision making types of expertsystems are used.It is therefore useful to be acquainted withsome of the more commonly used expert systems types:

yyFORECASTINGFORECASTING SYSTEMSSYSTEMS::

These help in estimating probable conclusions of certainactions.Predicting the weather,forcasting the populationgrowth trends, military operations ,agricultural production


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and stock market trends are some of the areas inwhich this type of expert system are used.

yy TROUBLETROUBLE SHOOTINGSHOOTING TYPETYPE::

These systems call for a large number of symptoms onthe basis of which a diagnosis can be made.Thesetypes of systems are very common in medical parcticeand also in maintenance of complicated

equipment.Infact one of the earliest expertsystems,called MYCIN dealt with diagnosis of diseasesand their treatment


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yyEDUCATIONALEXPERT SYSTEM:EDUCATIONALEXPERT SYSTEM:A large no of software packages are developed to teachthe students different concepts of both physical andbiological sciences.

yy PLANNINGPLANNING::

This type of expert system usually gathers theperformance of the previous years and compares it

with the demand of the current year before giving afigure of excellence.Planning organizations find thesesystems very useful for preparing annual budgets,allocation of funds etc.


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yy MONITORING:MONITORING:

These systems keep watch over activitiescontinuosly.They can compare the results obtained in

activities like marketing,transporting etc. with thestandard pre-determined norms.The performance ofbothman and machinery can be regularly evaluated

without a subjective bias if one uses this type of expert

system.


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Expert SystemsAre For Everyone.Expert SystemsAre For Everyone.y No matter which area of business one is engaged in, expert systems can

fulfill the need for higher productivity and

reliability of decisions. Everyone can find an application potential in the field

of expert systems. Contrary to the belief that expert systems may pose a threat

to job security, expert systems can actually help to create opportunities for

new job areas. Presented below are some areas that hold promise for new jobopportunities:

y Basic research

y Applied research

y Knowledge engineering

y Inference engine developmenty Consulting (development and implementation)

y Training

y Sales and marketing

y Passive or active end user


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ADVANTAGES :ADVANTAGES :

Provides consistent answers for repetitive decisions,processes and tasks.

Holds and maintains significant levels ofinformation.

Encourages organizations to clarify the logic of theirdecision-making.

Always asks a question, that a human might forget toask.

Can work continuously (no human needs).Can be used by the user more frequently.

A multi-user expert system can serve more users at atime.


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DISADVANTAGES :DISADVANTAGES :Lacks common sense needed in some decisionmaking.

Cannot make creative responses as human expert

would in unusual circumstances .Domain experts not always able to explain their logicand reasoning .

Errors may occur in the knowledge base, and lead to

wrong decisions .Cannot adapt to changing environments, unlessknowledge base is changed.


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Documents

Xpert Sys Present