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Manual de la aplicación Flow Expert de SPIRIT
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Flow-Xpert
User Manual Certified flow and fluid property calculations
Product Flow-Xpert Reference number 01-0110-1 Revision 4 Date August 2014
Disclaimer Spirit IT has taken care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the issue of the information or programs contained herein.
Special note The information contained in this document is the property of Spirit FC B.V., and may not be reproduced (wholly or in part) used or disclosed without the prior consent of Spirit FC B.V. and then on condition only that this notice is included in any reproduction or disclosure. The copyright and the foregoing restriction on copying, use and disclosure extent to all media in which this information may be embodied including magnetic storage. Printed in the Netherlands. Copyright 2014 Spirit IT B.V., Eindhoven, the Netherlands. All rights reserved.
Flow-Xpert is a registered trademark of Spirit Holding B.V. Microsoft Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Excel is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Visit Spirit on the Web: http://www.spiritIT.com
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Table of contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-1
Chapter 2 - Flow-Xpert editions -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-1
Chapter 3 - Software installation -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3-2
Software requirements ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3-2 Installing Flow-Xpert on your computer ----------------------------------------------------------------- 3-3 Using the License Manager ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3-8
Chapter 4 - Flow-Xpert Basic Edition -------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-11
Starting the application -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-11 Entering data --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-12 Saving your work----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-12 Printing a calculation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4-13 Working with application files ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4-15
Chapter 5 - Using Flow-Xpert functions in Excel ------------------------------------------------------ 5-16
Windows Vista and Windows 7 considerations --------------------------------------------------------- 5-16 Using Flow-Xpert functions in Excel sheets -------------------------------------------------------------- 5-16
Chapter 6 - API Petroleum Measurement Tables ---------------------------------------------------- 6-20
History ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6-20 Volume correction for pressure ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-21 NGL and LPG tables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-21 Overview of hydrocarbon liquid conversion standards ----------------------------------------------- 6-21 Overview of the functions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-22 Hydrometer Correction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-24 API-2540 Input Data Limits ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-24 API-2540 - Rounding and truncating rules --------------------------------------------------------------- 6-25 API-11.1:2004 Limits ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6-26
API tables in US customary units ---------------------------------------------------------------- 6-26 API tables in metric units -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-27
Chapter 7 - Calculations --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-1
AGA10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-1 Description--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-1 Compliance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-1 Input Data Limits ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-1 Inputs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-1 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-2 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-2
AGA10ex --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-3 Compliance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-3 Input Data Limits ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-3 Function inputs and outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-3 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-4
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AGA-3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-5 Description --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-5 Compliance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-5 Inputs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-5 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-7 Calculations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-8 Pressure correction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-8 Temperature correction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-9 Density correction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-10
AGA-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-11 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-11 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-11 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-11 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-11 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-12
AGA8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-13 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-13 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-13 Input Data Limits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-13 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-14 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-14 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-14
API -2540 Density --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-15 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-15 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-15 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-16 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-17 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-18
GPA TP-27 (15 C) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-21 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-21 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-21 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-21 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-23 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-24
GPA TP-27 (20 C) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-27 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-27 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-27 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-27 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-29 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-30
API-2540 Gravity ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-33 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-33 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-33 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-33 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-35 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-36
AP _MPMS 11.2.1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-39 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-39 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-39 Input Data Limits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-39 API Rounding ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-39 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-39 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-40
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Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-40 API MPMS 11.2.1M -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-41
Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-41 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-41 Data Limits ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-41 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-41 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-42 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-42
API MPMS 11.2.2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-43 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-43 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-43 Input Data Limits ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-43 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-43 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-44
API MPMS 11.2.2M -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-45 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-45 Input Data Limits ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-45 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-45 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-45 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-46
API MPMS 11.3.3.2 Propylene ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-47 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-47 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-47 Input Data Limits ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-47 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-47 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-47 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-48
API-2540 RD ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-49 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-49 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-49 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-49 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-51 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-52
GPA TP-27 (TP-25) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-55 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-55 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-55 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-55 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-57 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-58
API-2540 Table 5 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-60 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-60 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-60 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-60 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-61 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-61
API Table 5 [2004] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-62 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-62 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-62 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-62 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-63
API-2540 Table 6 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-64 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-64 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-64
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Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-64 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-65 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-66
API Table 6 [2004] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-67 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-67 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-67 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-67 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-68 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-68
API-2540 Table 23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-69 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-69 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-69 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-70 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-70
API Table 23 [2004] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-71 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-71 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-71 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-71 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-72 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-72
GPA TP-27 Table 23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-73 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-73 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-73 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-73 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-73 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-73
API-2540 Table 24 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-74 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-74 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-74 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-74 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-75 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-76
API Table 24 [2004] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-77 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-77 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-77 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-77 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-78 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-78
GPA TP-27 Table 24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-79 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-79 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-79 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-79 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-80
API-2540 Table 53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-81 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-81 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-81 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-81 Outputs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-82 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-82
API Table 53 [2004] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-83 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-83 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-83 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-83
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Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-84 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-84
GPA TP-27 Table 53 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-85 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-85 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-85 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-85 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-85 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-86
API-2540 Table 54 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-87 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-87 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-87 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-87 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-88 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-89
API Table 54 [2004]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-90 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-90 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-90 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-90 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-91
GPA TP-27 Table 54 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-92 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-92 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-92 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-92 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-92 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-92
API Table 59 [2004]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-93 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-93 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-93 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-93 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-94 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-94
GPA TP-27 Table 59 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-95 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-95 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-95 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-95 Outputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-95 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-95
API Table 60 [2004]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-96 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-96 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-96 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-97
GPA TP-27 Table 60 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-98 Description-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-98 Compliance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-98 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-98 Inputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-98 Calculations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-99
GPA TP-15 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-100 Description------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-100 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-100 Input Data Limits ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-100 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-101 Outputs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-101
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Calculations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-101 GPA2172-96 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-102
Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-102 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-102 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-102 Outputs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-103 Calculations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-104
ISO5167 ISA1932 Nozzle ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-105 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-105 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-105 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-105 Outputs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-107 Calculations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-108
ISO5167 Long Radius Nozzle ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-109 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-109 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-109 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-109 Calculations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-112
fxISO5167_Orifice -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-113 Pressure correction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-118 Temperature correction -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-118 Density correction --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-119 Correction for drain hole ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-120
ISO5167 Venturi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-121 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-121 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-121 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-121 Outputs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-123 Calculations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-124
ISO5167 Venturi Nozzle ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-125 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-125 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-125 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-125 Outputs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-127 Calculations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-128
ISO6976 [1983] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-129 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-129 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-129 Input Data Limits ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-129 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-129 Outputs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-129 Calculations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-130
ISO6976 [1995] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-131 Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-131 Input data limits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-131 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-131 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-131 Outputs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-132 Calculations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-132
ISO6976ex [1995] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-133 Boundaries ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-133 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-133 Calculations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-136
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Introduction
NX-19 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-138 Description------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-138 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-138 Input data limits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-138 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-139 Calculations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-139
GERG2004_Gas ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-140 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-140 Boundaries ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-140 Function inputs and outputs -------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-141 Calculations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-141
GERG2004_Flash --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-142 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-142 Boundaries ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-142 Calculations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-143
GERG2008_Gas ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-144 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-144 Boundaries ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-144 Function inputs and outputs -------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-145 Calculations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-146
GERG2008_Flash --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-147 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-147 Boundaries ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-147 Calculations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-148
fxGasViscosity_2004 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-149 Function inputs and outputs -------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-149 Calculations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-149
SGERG ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-151 Description------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-151 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-151 Input data limits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-151 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-151 Outputs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-152 Calculations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-153
VCone ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-154 Description------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-154 Compliance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-154 Inputs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-154 Calculations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-157
Chapter 8 - Unit Conversions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-1
Chapter 9 - Terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9-23
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 1-1
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Introduction This document is the user manual of the Flow-Xpert software product. Flow-Xpert provides flow and fluid property calculations that are commonly used in the oil and gas industry and in both metric and US customary units. The purpose of the Flow-Xpert is to provide certified, documented and carefully tested calculations that can be used to verify calculations provided by other software and hardware products. All calculations have been tested extensively against the corresponding API, ISO, AGA, GPA, ASTM and GERG standards and also against other established software products used in the industry for verification of flow and fluid property calculations.. Flow-Xpert is available in two versions. The standard version provides the full set of calculations through an intuitive fill in the blanks Windows programs. Calculations can be saved and opened for future reference. Flow-Xpert Pro is the extended version that also provides an Excel add-in and a DLL. Together with the Excel add-in provides a powerful tool to build complete applications to verify flow computer calculations starting from the raw input up to the final flow rates. The add-in provides all calculations as worksheet functions in a similar way to the standard Excel worksheet functions. Secondly the VBA language can be used to make calls to the Flow-pert DLL providing the greatest flexibility and efficiency but requiring more programming effort than the Flow-Xpert worksheet functions. The DLL interface allows for integration in any application written in a language that provides support for DLLs. Examples include C++ and Visual Basic.
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Flow-Xpert editions
Chapter 2 - Flow-Xpert editions Flow-Xpert is available in the following editions Basic Edition Basic flow calculation package with our appealing Web interface, for easy access
to the flow calculations. The flow calculations include all oil and gas calculations as described and are validated by NMi.
All flow calculations have been implemented as simple and straightforward web-like pages that are selected with an explorer-like navigation tree. This edition is mostly for customers who have a need of the calculations and want to be instantly up-and-running after installation of the software in a few minutes
Excel Edition Complete package with all our flow calculations, available as Excel add-in where
flow calculation functions can be inserted in your own flow calculation sheets.
All flow calculations have been implemented as simple and straightforward spreadsheet functions that can even be inserted to your own calculation and validation workbooks. From our rich flow calculation functions and sophisticated tables, charts can be easily created. Multiple gas compositions can be easily created to run larger sets of calculations on a single worksheet. Being integrated in a modern Graphical User Interface environment, the user is offered a rich and powerful 2D and 3D charting environment with which, superb presentations of calculated results can be created.
You will be up-and-running in seconds with our intuitive library. The installation process is simple and straightforward and will take few minutes to complete.
Enterprise Edition The Enterprise Edition allows you to develop your own software environment
with our flow calculation package, based on our Component Object Model (COM) and C++ interface with our LIB/DLL/H interface.
All flow calculations have been implemented in a programming environment offering a Component Object Model (COM) interface as well as a traditional Windows API in .DLL format, complete with Library (.LIB) and Header file (.H). This software model allows for integration of our flow calculations in your corporate software tools and.
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Chapter 3 - Software installation
Software requirements Flow-Xpert Basic edition requires Microsoft Windows 7, Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2, Microsoft Windows 8 or Microsoft Windows Server 2012.
Flow-Xpert Excel edition requires Microsoft Excel 2007 SP2 or Microsoft Excel 2010. If you have not installed Microsoft Excel yet on your target machine, now is the time to install Microsoft Excel prior to installing Flow-Xpert. If you have an older version of Microsoft Excel, you might want to check for a newer version via http://office.microsoft.com/. Ignoring this remark about updating your Microsoft Office product to the latest Service Release may cause problems using Flow-Xpert Please check http://www.spiritit.com for latest information about the various Office versions and operating systems.
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Software installation
Installing Flow-Xpert on your computer In order to install the software onto your hard disk, insert the disk in your CD-ROM drive (or browse to the directory containing the setup program), and run the FlowXpert Setup program. The following display page appears:
Figure 3-1: Flow-Xpert setup program
This page tells the user which version will be installed, or in case or upgrading which version will be
upgraded. The Next-button may be pressed, after which the End User License Agreement dialog is displayed.
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When the user has accepted the end-user license agreement, the location of the Program Files can be selected in which the setup program will install the software.
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Software installation
Figure 3-2: Choosing the installation folder
The default folder is "C:Program Files\FlowXpress". The user may select another existing program folder, or define a new folder for the program files. Selecting Next will install the files to your computer.
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Figure 3-3: Copying files at installation
When the copying process has been completed, the user is presented with a dialog containing license information.
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 3-7
Software installation
Figure 3-4: Entering license information
End-user Your full name, or the name of your department using the Flow-Xpert software, for example: John Smith, or Engineering.
Company The name of your organization to which the license will be granted, for example MyCompany, Inc.
System The name of the computer or system on which the software will be running, for example PC023 or "Greenfield metering station"
When you have installed the software, a temporary license is automatically installed on your machine, with which you may run most portions of the software for a period of 15 days. If you already have an installed permanent license, this license remains active. During product upgrades, no additional licenses have to be installed at all. When the setup process has been completed, the following dialog may or may not appear on your display. This depends on the files that were already installed on your machine. When the following dialog appears, the computer must be restarted prior to using the software:
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Figure 3-5: Setup has been completed
Please restart the computer if this message is displayed, after which the installation process is completed.
Using the License Manager Flow-Xpert uses a software based license system by default. Alternatively you can order a hardware dongle instead. The software license is based on the data that you have entered, as well as on the machine that the software is installed on. If the machine on which the software is installed is replaced with another machine, you may request for a new authorization code, which will be generated and sent to you by Spirit. After initial installation you have a temporary license. A permanent license can be requested through the License Manager, which can be found in the Start menu of Windows:
Figure 3-6: Using the License Manager
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Software installation
You may use standard Windows Copy () and Paste () keys to create an e-mail message containing the above four fields: End-User, Company, System and the Machine Identification Code (TK6NQ-9LQKN-LK3QA in the example above). Alternatively, you may generate a text file, which may be sent as a file attachment. To achieve this, select Export in the dialog
Figure 3-7: License manager utility
Please send the e-mail with this data to: [email protected], after which you will obtain your authorization key and license number.
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The 24-character authorization key consists of five fields, separated with a dash - character, as in the format: AAAAA-BBBBB-CCCCC-DDDDD-EEEE. Both the authorization key and the license number should be exactly entered in the dialog box above, in the Authorization key. The Install button verifies the authorization information and installs it to your computer. When this process has been complete without error messages, the license installation process has been completed. Congratulations! You are now up and running!
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 4-11
Flow-Xpert Basic Edition
Chapter 4 - Flow-Xpert Basic Edition
Starting the application
In order to use the Basic mode the Flow-Xpert Basic license needs to be authorized
The Flow-Xpert Basic Edition can be started from the Windows Task bar.
Figure 4-1: Starting the the Flow-Xpert Basic Edition
This will open the web-based user interface of the Flow-X Basic Edition showing the calculations.
Figure 4-2: Flow-Xpert User Interface
The calculations are grouped in US Customary and Metric units, each having the sub-groups 'Gas properties', 'Liquid properties' and 'Flow calculations'.
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Each calculation is grouped in two sections: the 'Inputs' and the 'Results'.
Entering data
Input values that can be changed is identified with a pencil icon behind it.
To edit an input value, click on the value and enter the new value
By using the up and down arrows or the TAB you can quickly go over all the input data. When an input value is outside it's minimum and maximum limits a warning will appear and the value will not be accepted.
Saving your work
The actual input values (parameters) can be saved to a file and be re-used later on. To save the input values to a file select File, Save Parameters
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Flow-Xpert Basic Edition
The restore a set of parameters, select File, Load Parameters and select the file.
Printing a calculation Each calculation can be printed by the pressing on the report icon in the right upper corner.
This shows a print preview and the printer dialog.
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To return to the calculation section press the cross icon in the right upper corner.
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Flow-Xpert Basic Edition
Working with application files
This feature is reserved for future use !
Flow-Xpert has the option to load a different application that contains a user-defined set of calculations. To open a different application select File, Open
To automatically load a specific application at program startup select View, Settings
Select Custom and select the application that needs to be opened automatically at startup.
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Chapter 5 - Using Flow-Xpert functions in Excel
In order to use the Flow-Xpress in Excel the Flow-Xpert Excel license needs to be authorized
Windows Vista and Windows 7 considerations Under Windows Vista and Windows 7, when User Account Control is active, Excel is required to be run in Administrator mode in order to use the Flow-Xpert functions. If User Account Control is not active, this paragraph does not apply. To run Excel in Administrator mode, press and hold the shift key, right click the Excel icon, and select Run as . When asked, provide the password and click OK. If asked whether you want to continue this action, select yes.
Using Flow-Xpert functions in Excel sheets In Flow-Xpert a large number of worksheet functions is available to implement the required functionality for your application. Most worksheet functions may be inserted using the Insert Function button while in design-mode, or via the Function option from the Insert menu.
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 5-17
Using Flow-Xpert functions in Excel
Figure 5-1: Various examples of the Insert function button
You may insert any type of worksheet function, Flow-Xpert and non- Flow-Xpert specific. You may also create you own worksheet functions that may be inserted in a Flow-Xpert application, or in any other type of Excel workbook. For Flow-Xpert functions, make sure to select the category Flow-Xpert in the drop down box.
Figure 5-2: Insert Function dialog
After selecting the required function, a dialog similar to the one below is shown:
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Figure 5-3: Function arguments dialog
This dialog helps in providing correct arguments to the function. It is allowed to provide values or cell references; If a value is located in another cell, the colored button may be pressed to allow the selection of the cell that contains the value for the argument. A number of functions use [Name] as first argument. For Excel, this argument may be left blank, or an empty string, indicated by 2 double quotes with nothing in between (). A special case in above example is Composition. A composition is not a single value, but rather an array of numbers holding the values for all applicable components (methane, ethane, propane etc.). All functions of Flow-Xpert that need a composition as an argument use the same component ordering, even if the specific function does not use all available components (such as NX19).
Nr Component
1 Methane
2 Nitrogen
3 Carbon Dioxide
4 Ethane
5 Propane
6 Water
7 Hydrogen Sulphide
8 Hydrogen
9 Carbon Monoxide
10 Oxygen
11 i-Butane
12 n-Butane
13 i-Pentane
14 n-Pentane
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 5-19
Using Flow-Xpert functions in Excel
15 n-Hexane
16 n-Heptane
17 n-Octane
18 n-Nonane
19 n-Decane
20 Helium
21 Argon
22 Neo-Pentane
The composition is one parameter, an array parameter, in the function call; See the Flow-Xpert demo Excel application for an example how to handle compositions in function calls. Some functions do not return a single value as result, but an array of values as well. This is also true for above example. Flow-Xpert excel functions return arrays as columns. In order to enter a function returning an array, select the cells where the output should go. Enter the function with its parameters as you would always do, but to complete the action do not just press Enter, but Ctrl-Shift-Enter. The fact that the function now returns an array rather than one function is indicated by curly brackets around the formula. E.g. {fxAGA8_C(E35;E37;;G67)}. Do not enter these curly brackets yourself, Excel does this. For more information on working with arrays in Excel, please see Excel help, keyword arrays.
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Chapter 6 - API Petroleum Measurement Tables
History The first version of the API Petroleum Measurement Tables was published in 1952. In those days measurement readings were taken manually and the tables were used to convert the observed density or gravity at the observed temperature to the value at the reference temperature. So the table values were the actual standard. The 1952 Tables consists of 58 tables containing all kind of correction and conversion factors used in the measurement of hydrocarbon liquids. Each table deals with a particular conversion of units, correction of density, or correction of volume. The 1952 tables that have to do with the conversion of density and volume are: 5, 6, 23, 24, 53 and 54. Table 5, 6, 23 and 24 convert density or volume to or from to a reference temperature of 60F, while tables 53 and 54 refer to 15C.In 1980 a complete new set of tables was published together with computer routines to allow electronic devices to automatically calculate the volume conversion factors and API gravity / (relative) density at the reference temperature. Back then most electronic devices were not capable of performing double-precision floating point calculations, so the standard prescribed all kind of rounding and truncating rules to make sure that the calculations would always provide the same result. For the 1980 version the calculation procedures are the standard rather than the table values. In the 1980 version, which is also referred to as API-2540, the tables are divided into 3 product groups and a letter designation was used to distinguish between the sub-tables. "A" was used for crude oil, "B" for refined products and "C" for special applications. The 1980 tables, however, did not cover the LPGs and NGLs density ranges and the 1952 Tables were left valid for these products. Furthermore, the lubricating oil tables (designated as "D") were not complete at the time of the printing in 1980 and were released two years later. As opposed to the A, B and C tables no implementation procedures were defined for the D tables. In 1988 the Institute of Petroleum released its Paper No. 3 with tables 59 and 60 that are based on a reference temperature of 20C. This resulted in the following Petroleum Measurement Tables dealing with the conversion of volume and density to and from a reference temperature.
Number Title
5 API Gravity Reduction to 60F
6 Reduction of Volume to 60F Against API Gravity at 60F
23 Reduction of Observed Specific Gravity to Specific Gravity 60/60F
24 Reduction of Volume to 60o F Against Specific Gravity 60/60F
53 Reduction of Observed Density to Density at 15C
54 Reduction of Volume to 15C Against Density at 15C
59 Reduction of Observed Density to Density at 20C
60 Reduction of Volume to 20C Against Density at 20C
In 2004 the API MPMS 11.1 1980 tables were superseded by a new set of tables primarily for the following reasons:
API 11.1:2004 includes the correction for both temperature and pressure in one and the same algorithm
Taken into account the progress in electronics (and for other reasons) the complex truncating and rounding rules were abandoned. Instead the calculation procedures use double-precision
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 6-21
API Petroleum Measurement Tables
floating point math. The input and output values are still rounded in order to obtain consistent results.
The convergence methods for the correction of observed density to base density have been improved.
On-line density measurement by densitometers became common practice, requiring the pressure and temperature correction to be incorporated in one ands the same procedure
The tables are extended in both temperature and density to cover lower temperatures and higher densities.
The previous standard used a significant digit format which resulted in 4 or 5 decimal places depending on whether the observed temperature was above or below the reference temperature. The new standard prescribes 5 decimal places if or both cases.
The IP paper No. 3 tables were added to accommodate conversion to 20C.
Tables for lubricating oils including the implementation procedures are now part of the standard.
Volume correction for pressure The API MPMS 11.1:1980 Tables only cover the correction for temperature. The correction for pressure was published in API MPMS standards 11.2.1 and 11.2.2. The correction for pressure is to the atmospheric pressure or, for products within the lower density range, to the equilibrium vapor pressure. To calculate the equilibrium vapor pressure an Addendum was added to API MPMS 11.2.2. This addendum is also known as GPA TP-15 (1988). In September 2007 the addendum was replaced by a new API standard 11.2.5 and at the same time GPA TP-15 (1988) was updated with a new 2007 revision.
NGL and LPG tables For NGL and LPG products volume correction tables 24E and 23E (at 60 F) were published in GPA TP-25 (1988), so the letter 'E" was used to distinguish the tables from the related API MPMS A, B, C and D tables. GPA TP-25 has been superseded by GPA TP-27 / API MPMS 11.2.4 (2007), which includes tables 53E, 54E, 59E and 60E to convert to 15C and 20C as well. All text from TP-25 is included without technical change, so TP-25 is still viable for conversion to and from 60 F.
Overview of hydrocarbon liquid conversion standards ASTM-IP Petroleum Measurement Tables, Historical Edition, 1952
API MPMS Chapter 11.1 - 1980* (Temperature VCFs for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils): Historical; Published in 14 separate volumes Also known as
API Standard 2540 (API-2540)
ASTM D1250
IP 200
* In 1982 chapters XIII and XIV were published containing tables 5D, 6D, 53D and 54D for
lubricating oils.
6-22 FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall
API MPMS Chapter 11.1 - 2004 (Temperature & Pressure VCFs for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products and Lube Oils)
API MPMS Chapter 11.2.1- 1984 (Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 0-90API): Historical: now incorporated into Chapter 11.1-2004
API MPMS Chapter 11.2.1M- 1984 (Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 638-1074 kg/m3): Historical: now incorporated into Chapter 11.1-2004
API MPMS Chapter 11.2.2 - 1984 (Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 0.350-0.637 Relative Density and 50F to 140F)
API MPMS Chapter 11.2.2M - 1986 (Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 350-637 kg/m3 Density (15C) and 46C to 60C)
API MPMS Chapter 11.2.2A - 1984 (Addendum to Correlation of Vapor Pressure Correction for NGL): Superseded by Chapter 11.2.5
API Publication/GPA TP-25/ASTM Publication (Temperature Correction for the volume of Light Hydrocarbons Tables 24E and 23E: Superseded by API MPMS Chapter 11.2.4
GPA TP-25 was published in 1998 and replaced the 1952 tables 23, 24 for Light Hydrocarbon Liquids and GPA Technical Publication TP-16, which were previously used for volumetric measurement of LPG.
API MPMS Chapter 11.2.4 - 2007 / GPA TP-27 / ASTM Publication (Temperature Correction for the Volume of NGL and LPG Tables 23E, 24E, 53E, 54E, 59E, 60E): Supersedes GPA TP-25
API MPMS Chapter 11.2.5 - 2007 / GPA TP-15 / ASTM Publication (A Simplified Vapor Pressure Correlation for Commercial NGLs): Supersedes Addendum to Chapter 11.2.2 (11.2.2A)
IP No. 3 - 1988 (Energy Institute (formerly Institute of Petroleum), Petroleum Measurement Paper No 3 Computer Implementation Procedures for Correcting Densities and Volumes to 20 C. Superseded by IP No.3 - 1997
IP No. 3 - 1997 (Energy Institute (formerly Institute of Petroleum), Petroleum Measurement Paper No 3 Computer Implementation Procedures for Correcting Densities and Volumes to 20 C. Supersedes IP No.3 - 1988
ISO 91-1 - 1982 Petroleum measurement tables Part 1: Tables based on reference temperatures of 15 C and 60 F. Superseded by ISO 91-1 1992.
ISO 91-1 - 1992 Petroleum measurement tables Part 1: Tables based on reference temperatures of 15 C and 60 F. Supersedes ISO 91-1 1982.
ISO 91-2 - 1991 Petroleum measurement tables Part 2: Tables based on reference temperatures of 20 C
OIML R 63 - 1994 Petroleum measurement tables
Overview of the functions The following table lists the volume conversion functions for hydrocarbon liquids as provided by the Flow-X series of flow computer.
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 6-23
API Petroleum Measurement Tables
Function Temperature correction
Pressure correction Input Output
Crude Oils, Refined Products and Lubricating Oils (API MPMS 11.1:1980 / API-2540) API_Table5 (1980) API 11.1:1980 Tables
5A, 5B and 5D API 11.2.1:1984
API (T, P)
API (60F, Pe)
API_Table6 (1980) API 11.1:1980 Tables 6A, 6B and 6D
API 11.2.1:1984
API (60F, Pe)
API (T, P)
API_Table23 (1980) API 11.1:1980 Tables 23A and 23B
API 11.2.1:1984
RD (T, P) RD (60F, Pe)
API_Table24 (1980) API 11.1:1980 Tables 24A and 24B
API 11.2.1:1984
RD (60F, Pe) RD (T, P)
API_Table53 (1980) API 11.1:1980 Tables 53A, 53B and 53D
API 11.2.1M:1984
Density (T, P) Density (15C, Pe)
API_Table54 (1980) API 11.1:1980 Tables 54A, 54B and 54D
API 11.2.1M:1984
Density (15C, Pe) Density (T, P)
Crude Oils, Refined Products and Lubricating Oils (API MPMS 11.1:2004) API_Table5 (2004) API 11.1:2004 API 11.1:2004 API (T, P) API (60F, 0
psig)
API_Table6 (2004) API 11.1:2004 API 11.1:2004 API (60F, 0 psig) API (T, P)
API_Table23 (2004) API 11.1:2004 API 11.1:2004 RD (T, P) RD (60F, 0 psig)
API_Table24 (2004) API 11.1:2004 API 11.1:2004 RD (60F, 0 psig) RD (T, P)
API_Table53 (2004) API 11.1:2004 API 11.1:2004 Density (T, P) Density (15C, 0 bar(g))
API_Table54 (2004) API 11.1:2004 API 11.1:2004 Density (15C, 0 bar(g)) Density (T, P)
API_Table59 (2004) API 11.1:2004 API 11.1:2004 Density (T, P) Density (20C, 0 bar(g))
API_Table60 (2004) API 11.1:2004 API 11.1:2004 Density (20C, 0 bar(g)) Density (T, P)
API_Table6C (2004) API 11.1:2004 Not applicable Thermal expansion coefficient at 60F
Ctl
NGL and LPG (API 11.2.4) API_Table23E API 11.2.4: 2007
Table 23E API 11.2.2:1986 GPA TP-15:1988 GPA TP-15:2007
RD (T, P) RD (60F, Pe)
API_Table24E API 11.2.4: 2007 Table 24E
API 11.2.2:1986 GPA TP-15
RD (60F, Pe)
RD (T, P)
API_Table53E API 11.2.4: 2007 Table 53E
API 11.2.2:1986 GPA TP-15
Density (T, P)
Density (15C, Pe)
API_Table54E API 11.2.4: 2007 API 11.2.2:1986 Density (15C, Pe) Density (T, P)
6-24 FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall
Function Temperature correction
Pressure correction Input Output
Table 53E GPA TP-15
API_Table59E API 11.2.4: 2007 Table 59E
API 11.2.2M:1986 GPA TP-15
Density (T, P)
Density (20C, Pe)
API_Table60E API 11.2.4: 2007 Table 60E
API 11.2.2M:1986 GPA TP-15
Density (20C, Pe) Density (T, P)
Hydrometer Correction The API MPMS 11.1 1980 Standard (API-2540) assumes that the API gravity or relative density is observed with a glass hydrometer. Therefore a correction may be applied for the change of volume of the glass hydrometer with temperature. The hydrometer correction applies for tables 5A, 5B, 23A, 23B, 53A and 53B. The 2004 standard does not include a correction for a glass hydrometer.
API-2540 Input Data Limits API MPMS 11.1:1980 (API 2540) is based on published data that lie within the so-called 'Data' range. The other table values were obtained from extrapolation and lie within the 'Extrapolated' range. It is recommended not to use API-2540 outside the 'Data' and 'Extrapolated' ranges. For the lubricating oil tables no difference is made between data that is table values that are based on published data and table values that are determined by extrapolation.
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 6-25
API Petroleum Measurement Tables
Range API Gravity [API]
Relative Density [-]
Density [kg/m3]
Temperature [F]
Temperature [C]
Data Range 0 .. 40 40 .. 50 50 .. 55
1.0760 .. 0.8250 0.8250 .. 0.7795 0.7795 .. 0.7585
1075.0 .. 824.0 824.0 .. 778.5 778.5 .. 758.0
0 .. 250 0 .. 200 0 .. 150
-18..120 -18..90 -18..60
Extrapolated Range 0 .. 40 40 .. 50 50 .. 55 55 .. 100
1.0760 .. 0.8250 0.8250 .. 0.7795 0.7795 .. 0.7585 0.7585 .. 0.6110
1075.0 .. 824.0 824.0 .. 778.5 778.5 .. 758.0 758.0 .. 610.5
250 .. 300 200 .. 250 150 .. 200 0 .. 200
120..150 90..125 60..95 -18..95
Applies for: Table 5A Table 6A
Table 23A Table 24A Table 5A Table 6A Table 23A Table 24A
Table 5A Table 6A Table 23A Table 24A
Range API Gravity [API]
Relative Density [-]
Density [kg/m3]
Temperature [F]
Temperature [C]
Data Range 0 .. 40 40 .. 50 50 .. 85
1.0760 .. 0.8250 0.8250 .. 0.7795 0.7795 .. 0.6535
1075.0 .. 824.0 824.0 .. 778.5 778.5 .. 653.0
0 .. 250 0 .. 200 0 .. 150
-18..120 -18..90 -18..60
Extrapolated Range 0 .. 40 40 .. 50 50 .. 85
1.0760 .. 0.8250 0.8250 .. 0.7795 0.7795 .. 0.6535
1075.0 .. 824.0 824.0 .. 778.5 778.5 .. 653.0
250 .. 300 200 .. 250 150 .. 200
120..150 90..125 60..95
Applies for: Table 5B Table 6B
Table 23B Table 24B Table 5B Table 6B Table 23B Table 24B
Table 53B Table 54B
Range API Gravity [API]
Relative Density [-]
Density [kg/m3]
Temperature [F]
Temperature [C]
Data Range -10..45 0.8..1.165 800..1164 0 .. 300 -20..+150
Applies for: Table 5D Table 6D
Table 23D* Table 24D*
Table 53D Table 54D
Table 5D Table 6D Table 23D* Table 24D*
Table 53D Table 54D
* Values derived from Table 5D/6D
API-2540 - Rounding and truncating rules For each table API Standard 2540 specifies an explicit 'Calculation Procedure' that includes the rounding and truncating of all the input, intermediate and output values. The 'Calculation Procedure' is considered to be the standard rather than the table values or a set of equations. The function provides the option to either apply the full API rounding and truncating requirements or to perform the calculation procedure without any rounding and truncating being applied.
6-26 FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall
For tables 6A, 6B, 24A, 24B and 54A and 54B the standard makes a distinction between computational and table values for the calculated VCF. The table values are always rounded to 4 decimal places, Whereas the computational values has 4 decimal places when the VFC >=1 and 5 decimal places when the VCF < 1. When API rounding is enabled the convergence limit is set to the limit value as specified in the standard. When the API rounding is disabled the convergence limit is set to 0.00001 kg/m3 to obtain highest precision.
API-11.1:2004 Limits
Range Density
Temperature
Pressure
Crude Oil 610.6..1163.5 kg/m3 @ 60F 100..-10 API @ 60F 0.61120..1.16464 RD @ 60F 611.16..1163.79 kg/m3 @ 15C 606.12..1161.15 kg/m3 @ 20C
-58..302 F -50..150 C
0..1500 psig 0..103.4 bar(g)
Refined products 610.6..1163.5 kg/m3 @ 60F 100..-10 API @ 60F 0.61120..1.16464 RD @ 60F 611.16..1163.86 kg/m3 @ 15C 606.12..1160.62 kg/m3 @ 20C
-58..302 F -50..150 C
0..1500 psig 0..103.4 bar(g)
Refined Products 800.9..1163.5 kg/m3 @ 60F 45..-10 API @ 60F 0.80168..1.1646 RD @ 60F 801.25..1163.85 kg/m3 @ 15C 798.11..1160.71 kg/m3 @ 20C
-58..302 F -50..150 C
0..1500 psig 0..103.4 bar(g)
API tables in US customary units For the tables in US customary units the following input ranges and constants apply (both for the 1980 and the 2004 tables):
Product API
Table
API Gravity
[F]
Relative Density
[-]
K0 K1 K2
Crude oil A 0 .. 100 0.6110 .. 1.0760 341.0957 0.0 0.0
Gasoline B 52 .. 85 0.6530 .. 0.7710 192.4571 0.2438 0.0
Transition area B 48 .. 52 0.7710 .. 0.7890 1489.0670 0.0 -
0.0018
6840
Jet fuels B 37 .. 48 0.7890 .. 0.8400 330.3010 0.0 0.0
Fuel oils B 0 .. 37 0.8400 .. 1.0760 103.8720 0.2701 0.0
Lubricating oils D -10 .. +45 0.8001 .. 1.1652 0.0 0.3487
8
0.0
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 6-27
API Petroleum Measurement Tables
API tables in metric units For the tables in metric units the following input ranges and constants apply (both for the 1980 and the 2004 tables):
Product API Table Density [kg/m3] K0 K1 K2
Crude oil A 611 .. 1075 613.9723 0.0 0.0
Gasoline B 653 .. 770 346.4228 0.4388 0.0
Transition area B 770 .. 788 2680.3206 0.0 -
0.00336312
Jet fuels B 788 .. 839 594.5418 0.0 0.0
Fuel oils B 839 .. 1075 186.9696 0.4862 0.0
Lubricating oils D 800 .. 1164 0.0 0.6278 0.0
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 7-1
Calculations - AGA10
Chapter 7 - Calculations
AGA10
Description The calculation calculates the speed of sound of a gas at the specified conditions of temperature and pressure using the formulae presented in the American Gas Association Report No 10, with the inputs and outputs in metric units..
Compliance AGA Report No. 10 - Speed of Sound in Natural Gas and Other Related Hydrocarbon Gases, January 2003
Input Data Limits The AGA-10 calculation has defined uncertainty bounds for gas mixtures that lie within the 'Normal range'. Also an 'Expanded range' of gas mixtures is defined for which the AGA-10 calculation has a higher uncertainty. Using the AGA-10 calculation for gas mixtures that lie outside the 'Expanded range' is not recommended. The AGA-10 standard specifies the same limits as the AGA-8 standard. Refer to the fxAGA8 calculation for details on the actual limit values used by this calculation to set output Range.
Inputs
Inputs Remark EU Pressure Observed pressure
bar(a) psia
Temperature Observed temperature
C F
Composition Standard composition as defined in section 'Standard gas composition.
mol/mol
neo-Pentane mode Determines what to do when component neo-Pentane is larger than zero 1: Add to i-Pentane 2: Add to n-Pentane 3: Neglect
-
7-2 FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall
Outputs
Outputs Remark EU
Status 0: Normal 1: Input argument out of range 2: Calculation error 3: No convergence 4: Mole fractions do not add up to 1.0 +- 0.0001
Speed of sound m/s ft/s
Range 0: In Normal Range All inputs are within the 'Normal Range'
1: In Extended Range One or more inputs within the 'Extended Range, but none of the inputs outside the Extended rang (outputs values have higher uncertainty)
2: Out of Range One or more inputs outside the 'Extended Range' (using the AGA8 calculation is not recommended in this case)
Calculations Calculations are as documented in the standard.
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 7-3
Calculations - AGA10ex
AGA10ex
The extended AGA 10 function provides an extensive set of gas properties at the specified conditions of temperature and pressure using the formulae presented in the American Gas Association Report No 10.
Compliance AGA Report No. 10 - Speed of Sound in Natural Gas and Other Related Hydrocarbon Gases, January 2003
Input Data Limits The AGA-10 calculation has defined uncertainty bounds for gas mixtures that lie within the 'Normal range'. Also an 'Expanded range' of gas mixtures is defined for which the AGA-10 calculation has a higher uncertainty. Using the AGA-10 calculation for gas mixtures that lie outside the 'Expanded range' is not recommended. The AGA-10 standard specifies the same limits as the AGA-8 standard. Refer to the fxAGA8 function for details on the actual limit values used by this function to set output Range.
Function inputs and outputs
Function inputs Remark EU
Name Optional tag name, tag description and tag group
Pressure Observed pressure bar(a)
Temperature Observed temperature C
Composition Standard composition as defined in section 'Standard gas composition.
mol/mol
neo-Pentane mode Determines what to do when component neo-Pentane is larger than zero 1: Add to i-Pentane 2: Add to n-Pentane 3: Neglect
-
Function outputs Remark EU
Status 0: Normal 1: Input argument out of range 2: Calculation error 3: No convergence 4: Mole fractions do not add up to 1.0 +- 0.0001
Molecular weight kg/kmol
Molar density at base conditions mol/m3
Molar density at flowing conditions mol/m3
Mass density at base conditions kg/m3
Mass density at flowing conditions kg/m3
Ideal gas relative density -
Real gas relative density -
Velocity of sound m/s
Compressibility at base conditions -
7-4 FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall
Compressibility at flowing conditions -
Supercompressibility -
Ideal gas specific enthalpy kJ/kg
Real gas specific enthalpy kJ/kg
Real gas specific entropy kJ/kg/K
Ideal gas isobaric heat capacity kJ/kg/K
Real gas isobaric heat capacity kJ/kg/K
Real gas isochoric heat capacity kJ/kg/K
Ideal gas isobaric heat capacity kJ/kmol/K
Real gas isobaric heat capacity kJ/kmol/K
Real gas isochoric heat capacity kJ/kmol/K
Ratio of specific heats -
Isentropic exponent -
Critical flow factor -
Ideal gas specific enthalpy kJ/kmol
Real gas specific enthalpy kJ/kmol
Isentropic perfect gas critical flow factor -
Isentropic real gas critical flow factor -
Range 0: In Normal Range All inputs are within the 'Normal Range'
1: In Extended Range One or more inputs within the 'Extended Range, but none of the inputs outside the Extended rang (outputs values have higher uncertainty)
2: Out of Range One or more inputs outside the 'Extended Range' (using the AGA10 calculation is not recommended in this case)
Calculations Calculations are as documented in the standard.
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 7-5
Calculations - AGA-3
AGA-3
Description The calculation calculates the mass flow rate for Orifice pressure differential flow devices according to the AGA-3 standard with the input and output values in US Customary units. AGA-3 covers orifice meters with flange taps and pipe taps.
Compliance AGA Report No. 3 - Orifice Metering Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure
differential devices, 1991
API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 14 Natural Gas Fluids Measurement, Section 3 - Concentric Square-edged Orifice Meters 1990.
Inputs
Inputs Remark EU
Differential Pressure Differential pressure over the primary flow device measured at the up- and downstream pressure tappings, which need to be in the positions as specified in the standard
inH2O @ 60F
Pressure Down- or upstream pressure value of the fluid at metering conditions
psia
Temperature Down- or upstream temperature of the fluid at metering conditions
F
Density Down or upstream density of the fluid at metering conditions
lbm/ft3
Dynamic Viscosity Dynamic viscosity of the fluid
lbm/ft.s
Isentropic Exponent Also referred to as (kappa). For an ideal gas this coefficient is equal to the ratio of the specific heat capacity at constant pressure to the specific heat at constant volume. This ratio is commonly used when the real value is unknown.
-
Pipe Diameter Internal diameter of the pipe at reference temperature
inches
Pipe Expansion factor The thermal expansion coefficient of the pipe material
1/F
Pipe Reference temperature
The reference temperature that corresponds to the 'Pipe diameter' input value
F
Orifice Diameter Orifice diameter at reference temperature
inches
Orifice Expansion factor The thermal expansion coefficient of the orifice material Typical values are:
1/F
7-6 FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall
Inputs Remark EU
Orifice Reference Temperature
The reference temperature that corresponds to the 'Orifice diameter' input value
F
Pressure Location 1: Upstream tapping Input 'Pressure' represents the pressure at the upstream pressure tapping (p1). Since the absolute pressure is usually measured at the upstream tapping this is the most common setting.
2: Downstream tapping Input 'Pressure' represents the pressure at the downstream tapping (p2).
-
Temperature Location 1: Upstream tapping Input 'Temperature' represents the upstream temperature (t1).
2: Downstream tapping Input 'Temperature represents the temperature at the downstream tapping (t2).
3: Recovered pressure Input 'Temperature' represents the downstream temperature at a location Where the pressure has fully recovered (t3). Since temperature measurement is usually downstream of the flow device this is the most common setting.
-
Temperature Correction 1: Use (1-)/
Isentropic expansion using (1-)/ as the temperature referral exponent
2: Use temperature exponent Isentropic expansion using input 'Temperature Exponent' as the temperature referral exponent [-]
-
Temperature Exponent To correct the temperature from down- to upstream
conditions (or vice versa) the formula (-1)/ (isentropic expansion) will be used when the input value is set to 0, else the input value will be used. For more details refer to section 'Temperature correction'.
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 7-7
Calculations - AGA-3
Inputs Remark EU
Density Location This parameter specifies if and how the density should be corrected from downstream to upstream conditions. 1: Upstream tapping
Input 'Density' represents the density at the
upstream pressure tapping (1). 2: Downstream tapping
Input 'Density' represents the density at the
downstream tapping (2). 3: Recovered pressure
Input 'Density' represents the density downstream at a location Where the pressure has fully recovered
(3).
-
Density Exponent. This factor is used when density correction is enabled. The
formula 1/ will be used when the input value is set to 0, else the input value will be used. For more details refer to section calculation 'ISO5167- Orifice' 'Density correction'.
-
Fluid The type of fluid being measured 1: Gas 2: Liquid For liquid the expansion factor is set to 1, i.e. the fluid is considered to be incompressible.
-
Drain hole When input is > 0 then an additional correction on the orifice diameter will be applied to account for the drain hole, as explained further on.
in
Fpwl Local Gravitational Correction Factor for Deadweight Calibrators used to calibrate differential and static pressure Instruments. Directly applied on the calculated mass flow rate within each iteration.
-
Outputs
Outputs Remark EU
Status 0: Normal 1: Input argument out of range 2: Calculation error 3: No convergence
Mass flow rate The calculated mass flow rate
klbm/hr
7-8 FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall
Outputs Remark EU
Beta ratio Orifice to pipe diameter ratio at upstream temperature
-
Orifice diameter At the upstream temperature
inches
Pipe diameter At the upstream temperature inches
Upstream pressure Pressure at upstream tapping (p1)
psia
Pressure at downstream tapping
Pressure at downstream tapping (p2) psia
Recovered downstream pressure
Fully recovered downstream pressure (p3) psia
Upstream temperature Temperature at upstream tapping (t1)
F
Temperature at downstream tapping
Temperature at downstream tapping (t2) F
Downstream Temperature 'Fully recovered' downstream temperature (t3)
F
Upstream density Density at upstream tapping (1)
lbm/ft3
Density at downstream tapping Pressure at downstream tapping (2)
lbm/ft3
Downstream density 'Fully recovered' downstream density (3)
lbm/ft3
Reynolds number The pipe Reynolds number, i.e. the Reynolds number upstream of the orifice and not the one within the device throat itself)
-
Discharge coefficient -
Expansion Factor -
Velocity of Approach -
Pressure out of range 0: Pressure is in valid range 1: Pressure is out of valid range
-
Reynolds out of range 0: Reynolds number is in valid range 1: Reynolds number is out of valid range
-
Diameter out of range 0: Device and pipe diameter and Beta ratio in valid range 1: Device diameter, pipe diameter and/or Beta ratio out of valid range
-
Calculations The calculations are in accordance with the standard.
Pressure correction The relation between the pressure at the upstream tapping p1 and the pressure at the
downstream tapping (p2) is as following:
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 7-9
Calculations - AGA-3
100012
unitsKppp
The relation between the pressure at the upstream tapping and the downstream tapping is as following:
LOSSppp 13
unitsLOSS
Kpp
2
2
1
1
411
E
EC
Where: p1 Pressure at upstream tapping psia p2 Pressure at downstream tapping psia p3 Fully recovered downstream pressure psia
p Differential pressure inH20 @ 60F
pLOSS Pressure loss over the meter psi C Discharge coefficient as calculated by the standard - Flow coefficient - Diameter ratio at the upstream pressure and temperature - E Velocity of approach factor - Kunits Unit conversion factor to convert a value expressed in 'inH2O @60F' to the
corresponding expressed in 'psi' (conversion as specified in section 'Unit Types') -
Temperature correction When input 'Temperature correction' is set to 1, then an isentropic expansion based on the
isentropic coefficient is applied:
67.45967.459
1
1
221
p
ptt
67.45967.459
1
1
3
31
p
ptt
7-10 FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall
When input 'Temperature correction' is set to 2, then an isentropic expansion based on input 'Temperature exponent' is applied:
67.45967.4591
221
TEK
p
ptt
67.45967.4591
331
TEK
p
ptt
Where: t1 Upstream temperature F t2 Temperature at the downstream tapping F t3 Temperature at the fully recovered downstream pressure F p1 Upstream pressure psia p2 Pressure at the downstream tapping psia p3 Fully recovered downstream pressure psia
Isentropic exponent - KTE Temperature exponent -
Density correction When input 'Density exponent' = 0, then the following isentropic corrections are applied
(depending on the type of Density Correction)
1
2
121
p
p
1
3
131
p
p
Else the value of input 'Density Exponent' is used
DEK
p
p
2
121
DEK
p
p
3
131
Where:
1 Upstream density lbm/ft3
2 Density at the downstream tapping lbm/ft3
3 Density at the fully recovered downstream pressure lbm/ft3
p1 Upstream pressure psia p2 Pressure at the downstream tapping psia p3 Fully recovered downstream pressure psia
Isentropic exponent - KDE Density exponent -
FFllooww--Xppeerrtt UUsseerr MMaannuuaall 7-11
Calculations - AGA-5
AGA-5
Description The AGA 5 standard defi