Unit 1Unit 1

Graphing, Metric SystemGraphing, Metric Systemand and

MeasurementMeasurement

How can we look at our data?

Use a graphA graph is a visual display of

information or data

Circle Graphs or Pie ChartsCircle Graphs or Pie Charts

Used to show how a fixed quantity is broken down into parts.

The circle represents the total and the slices represent the parts.

Bar Graphs

Useful for comparing information Useful for comparing information collected by counting.collected by counting.

Line Graphs

Used to show Used to show trends, or how trends, or how data changes data changes over time.over time.

0102030405060708090

100

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

EastWestNorth

Parts of a GraphParts of a GraphTitle:Title: Tells what the graph is about Tells what the graph is aboutIndependent Variable: Independent Variable: The variable The variable

controlled by the experimenter (x-axis)controlled by the experimenter (x-axis)Dependent Variable: Dependent Variable: The variable The variable

affected by the independent variable affected by the independent variable

(y-axis)(y-axis)

Parts of a GraphParts of a GraphScale:Scale: The numbers used on the axis The numbers used on the axis

(should include all data)(should include all data)Legend:Legend: Describes data being graphed Describes data being graphed

Parts of a GraphParts of a GraphTitle

Dependent Variable

IndependentVariable

Scales(Numbers)

Legend

Metric SystemMetric System

Metric SystemMetric System

Bill Nye explains the metric system!

Metric SystemMetric System

The metric system is a standard The metric system is a standard system of measurement.system of measurement.

We use prefixes with base unitsWe use prefixes with base units

Measurement Base Unit Abbreviation

Length meter m

Volume liter L

Mass Gram g

PrefixesPrefixes

kilo hecto deca

BASEUNITS

meterlitergram

deci centi milli

ProblemProblem

We need to measure the size of the We need to measure the size of the room.room.

What is the base unit?What is the base unit?For length, we use meters.For length, we use meters.The room is 10m long.The room is 10m long.

ProblemProblemWhat if we need to measure a longer What if we need to measure a longer

distance, like from home to school?distance, like from home to school?You live approximately 10 miles from You live approximately 10 miles from

schoolschool10 miles = 16100m10 miles = 16100m

That’s a big number. By changing the That’s a big number. By changing the prefix and moving the decimal, we prefix and moving the decimal, we can make it more manageable. can make it more manageable.

16100m = 16.1km16100m = 16.1km

Whiteboard PracticeWhiteboard Practice

Convert 2.53g to kgConvert 2.53g to kgConvert 0.0741L to dLConvert 0.0741L to dLConvert 125.2mm to mConvert 125.2mm to mConvert 561kL to mLConvert 561kL to mLConvert 334.5cg to dagConvert 334.5cg to dagConvert 0.425 hm to dmConvert 0.425 hm to dm

MeasurementMeasurement

Measurement

Metric System - System of Metric System - System of measurement used by scientistsmeasurement used by scientistsAlso known as the International Also known as the International

System of Units, abbreviated SISystem of Units, abbreviated SIBased on the number 10Based on the number 10

Length

Length is the distance between Length is the distance between two pointstwo pointsbase unit is the meter (abbreviated base unit is the meter (abbreviated

m)m)measured with a meter stick or a measured with a meter stick or a

metric rulermetric ruler

Measuring Length

Start the measurement Start the measurement at the 0cm mark on the at the 0cm mark on the ruler or meter stickruler or meter stick

Read the length of the Read the length of the object to the whole object to the whole centimeter, plus 2 centimeter, plus 2 decimal places decimal places (estimate the last one)(estimate the last one)

Measurement Practice

Measure the length of the index cardMeasure the length of the pencilMeasure the length of the paper clipRecord your group’s results on the

board at the front of the room.Measure 5.0mL of water in the

graduated cylinder and show Mrs. A.

Temperature

Temperature is a measurement of Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something ishow hot or cold something isUnit is Unit is ººCCWater freezes at 0Water freezes at 0ººCCWater boils at 100Water boils at 100ººCCThe celsius scale is divided into 100 The celsius scale is divided into 100

equal divisionsequal divisionsRead thermometers to the nearest Read thermometers to the nearest

degree or half degreedegree or half degree

Volume

Volume is the Volume is the amount of space amount of space occupied by an occupied by an objectobjectbase unit is the base unit is the

liter (abbreviated liter (abbreviated L)L)

Measuring Volume

Volumes of many solid objects may Volumes of many solid objects may be calculated by measuring the be calculated by measuring the length, width, and height of the length, width, and height of the object, then multiplying the numbers object, then multiplying the numbers together:together:

V = L x W x HV = L x W x H

Calculating Volume

V = L x W x HV = L x W x H

V = 4cm x 3cm x 12 cm = 144 V = 4cm x 3cm x 12 cm = 144 cmcm33

Measuring Volume Liquid volumes should be measured with a Liquid volumes should be measured with a

graduated cylindergraduated cylinder (in mL) (in mL)When reading a graduated cylinder, look at When reading a graduated cylinder, look at

the graduated cylinder at eye levelthe graduated cylinder at eye levelRead the bottomRead the bottom

of the of the meniscusmeniscus, ,

the curve of the the curve of the

liquid on the cylinderliquid on the cylinderRead to the nearest unitRead to the nearest unit

or half unitor half unit

Measuring Volume • Volumes of Volumes of irregular irregular solid objects solid objects

may be determined by the may be determined by the displacement methoddisplacement method• Put some water in a graduated cylinder Put some water in a graduated cylinder

and record the volumeand record the volume• Add the object to the graduated cylinderAdd the object to the graduated cylinder• Record the new volumeRecord the new volume• The difference between the new volume The difference between the new volume

and the original volume is the volume of and the original volume is the volume of the objectthe object

Mass

• Mass is the amount of matter in Mass is the amount of matter in an objectan object• standard unit is the kilogram standard unit is the kilogram

(abbreviated kg)(abbreviated kg)• Our balances measure mass in Our balances measure mass in

grams (g)grams (g)

Measuring Mass

• Measure the mass of a solid using Measure the mass of a solid using a balancea balance• Our balances are digital Our balances are digital • Use a weigh “boat” to hold the solid Use a weigh “boat” to hold the solid

on the pan of the balanceon the pan of the balance

Measuring Mass • Digital balanceDigital balance

• Make sure the balance reads 0.0gMake sure the balance reads 0.0g• If not, press the “Zero”buttonIf not, press the “Zero”button• Measure the mass of the boat and Measure the mass of the boat and

record itrecord it• Add the solid to the boatAdd the solid to the boat• Measure the mass of the boat and the Measure the mass of the boat and the

solidsolid• To find the mass of the solid, subtract To find the mass of the solid, subtract

the mass of the boat from the mass of the mass of the boat from the mass of the boat and the solidthe boat and the solid

Measuring Mass

• Measure the mass of a liquid using a Measure the mass of a liquid using a balance and a graduated cylinder balance and a graduated cylinder (GC)(GC)• First mass the empty GCFirst mass the empty GC• Add the liquid to the GCAdd the liquid to the GC• Mass the liquid and the GC togetherMass the liquid and the GC together• To get the mass of the liquid, take the To get the mass of the liquid, take the

mass of the liquid and GC and subtract mass of the liquid and GC and subtract the mass of the GC.the mass of the GC.

Measurement Lab

• 9 Stations9 Stations• Work in assigned groupsWork in assigned groups• Rotate through the stations in order, Rotate through the stations in order,

going to station 1 after you finish going to station 1 after you finish station 9station 9

• Be sure to clean up each station and Be sure to clean up each station and put everything back the way you put everything back the way you found it before moving to the next onefound it before moving to the next one

Density

• Density is the mass per unit Density is the mass per unit volume of a materialvolume of a material

• Density may be used to identify a Density may be used to identify a materialmaterial

Density

• Density is calculated using this Density is calculated using this formulaformula• Density = Density = massmass

volumevolume• Units are usually g/cmUnits are usually g/cm33

• This formula is on your This formula is on your reference reference tabletable