Graphing and Motion

IPC Spring 2015

Graphing and Motion 1. A graph is a

display of data. When presented in a graph, information may be easier to read and easier to understand. Graphs can also be used to make predictions.Title should be in the form of a question with the Y variable mentioned first.

Graphing and Motion 2. Dependent variable

The result of the way an experiment is conducted.

Always plotted on the Y axis Independent variable The

one that the experimenter deliberately changes throughout the experiment.

Always plotted on the X axis

Graphing and Motion• Line- Appropriate when

scatter data points could possibly exist between the plotted data points.

• Multi-line - Appropriate when comparing two or more sets of data, both of which are appropriate data for line graphs, and both of which can make use of the same sets of axes.

Graphing and MotionBar - Appropriate when

no possible data points that exists between the plotted data points.

Pie - Appropriate when dividing a whole into its parts. Each part of the pie graph represents a proportional percentage of the 100 % whole.

Graphing and Motion 4. Analyze and interpret data from a graph One

purpose of graphing the data is to have a visual representation of what happened in an experiment.

A downward sloping line -the dependent variable decreases as the independent variable increases.An inverse relationship exists between the variables.

An upward sloping line- the dependent variable increases as the independent variable increases.A direct relationship exists between the variables.

A parallel line The dependent variable does not change as the independent variable increases.

Graphing and Motion 5. Motion is the change in the position of an object as

compared with a reference point. Frame of reference is a coordinate system (map) in which the position of an

object is measured.

6. The speed of an object is the distance the object travels in a given amount of time. Velocity is speed in a given direction.

7. To calculate the speed of an object, use the formula:

v=_d_ t v= velocity or speed (m/s) d = distance (m) t = time (s)

Graphing and Motion 8. Distance vs. Displacement

Distance is the length an object or person has travel. Displacement is the distance and direction of an

object or person’s change in position.

Graphing and Motion 9. Constant speed is speed that

does not change. Average speed is defined as

the total distance divided by total time. _

v = total distance

total time

Graphing and Motion 10. Acceleration is a change in the velocity of an object

over time. Acceleration can be positive or negative. Negative

acceleration is also called deceleration.

 To calculate the acceleration of an object, use the formula: a = v/t or

a = vf - vi

t The symbol reads "delta," which means "the change in."

acceleration= final velocity - initial velocity

time.

Graphing and Motion 11. On a distance - time graph,

No motion is represented by a flat, horizontal line.

Constant speed is shown by a straight, sloping line.

Different speeds can be illustrated by having lines that create different slopes. The greater the speed, the greater the slope of the line.

Acceleration is shown with an upward curving line. The slope is increasing, which means that the speed is increasing.

Graphing and Motion 12.Define momentum and solve problems using the

momentum formula.Momentum - property of a moving object because of its mass and velocitygreater mass = more momentumgreater velocity = more momentum

 p = mvp = momentum (kgm/s)m = mass (kg)v = velocity (m/s)13. State the Law of Conservation of Momentum. The total amount of momentum of a group of objects does not change. Example:The momentum of one cue ball is transferred and remains constant as it spreads throughout the other pool balls on the table.

Graphing and Motion 14. Circular Motion and Projectile Motion

Circular motion is motion is in a circular path. Because there is a constant change in direction, the object or person is experiencing centripetal acceleration.

Objects or People that are in motion experience both horizontal and vertical motion. Gravity causes the vertical force toward the center of the earth. This is why objects that are thrown travel in a curved path.