Undergrad Thesis Format2012

8/22/2019 Undergrad Thesis Format2012

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UNDERGRADUATE

THESIS FORMAT

By

DR. CRISPINA R. CORPUZ

Full Professor, CBA-BMD



Preparing your Undergraduate

Thesis

Thesis Timeline

• Document Layout

• Document Content andOrganization

• Citation of References

• Preparation of Oral Presentation



Thesis Timeline

Deadline Chapter 1 – June 23, 2012Deadline Revised Ch 1 & Ch 2 – June30, 2012

Deadline Revised Ch 1, ch 2 & ch 3 – July 6Floating of Survey Questionnaires – upto Aug. 17, 2012

Submission of Chapters 1-5 withpreliminaries, references & appendices– Sept. 1Oral defense schedule – up to Sept 29

Revision, editing and hardbound–



Pagination

The entire thesis (every single page)must be paginated in one consecutivenumbering sequence, with the numberprinted on each page.The title page is always considered tobe page 1, and is the only page thatdoes not require that the page numberbe included.Every page must be included in thecountPage number should be placed at theupper right hand corner.



Pagination

Use roman numeral in thepreliminary portion of the paper

Start using consecutive Arabicnumerals on the first page of theIntroduction



Page layout (margin, header,

footer, line spacing)

Top, bottom, and both side marginsmust be at least one inch to allow forbinding and trimming.All information (text headings, notes,and illustrations), excluding pagenumbers, must be within the text area.The thesis text should be double-spaced, although peripheral parts likethe abstract, title page,acknowledgments, table of contents,bibliography and appendices should besingle-spaced.

Indent the first line of each paragraph.



Typeface and Size

The main body of the text, includingappendices, title page and table ofcontents,

Typeface and Size

Arial , Font size 12



Page Length

For undergraduate thesis – minimumof 45 pages excluding preliminaries



Language & Writing Style

The third-person point of view isgenerally used.



Document Formatting

All Undergraduate theses must beformatted in a consistent manner sothat evaluations are based on

content, not presentation. Thefollowing section defines this format.

1. Title page

a. The title page should contain thetitle, the name of the author/s,maximum of three

The degree to be awarded ,

The date submitted



THE

PRELIMINARIES



Title Page

(in a statement form)

Subject

LocalPopulation

Period

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ABOUT THEENROLLMENT PROCEDURES OF DE LASALLE DASMARIÑAS AND DE LA SALLE

MANILA

A Research Proposal Presented to Faculty of theCollege of Business Administration De La Salle

University - Dasmarinas

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for theDegree Bachelor of Science in Business

Administration

Erex de Ocampo John Reynald Rayco

Ramon Soriao

October, 2010

APPROVAL SHEET

ACKNOWLEDGMENT



Approval Sheet

DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY – DASMARINAS

CERTFICATION

This research proposal entitled “Relationship…”, prepared andsubmitted by Erex de Ocampo, John Reynald Rayco and RamonSorias n partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

Bachelor…, has been examined and recommended for oralpresentation

DR. CRISPINA R. CORPUZ Adviser

______________________________________________

APPROVAL

Approved by the PANEL OF EXAMINERS on oral

presentation on (date) with the grade of (__)

_______________________

Chair _________________ _________________

Member Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

Bachelor of Science in Business administration.

DR. CRISPINA R. CORPUZ DR. OSCAR P. LACAP JR.Thesis Coordinator Chair. Business Management Department

Mary Felidora Angelica AmparoDean, CBAA



Acknowledgement

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, the researchers give

thanks God Almighty for the wisdom and the

strength to finish this study:

To the following, grateful acknowledgement

is also expressed:

Dr. CRISPINA R. CORPUZ., their mentor

and adviser for her critical comments and

suggestions to improve their paper.

Their friends at DLSU – Dasmarinas who

continuously inspire them to grow professionally.

Never to forget their families for their loveand understanding.

JR / RS/ED

.



Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARIES

Page

Title Page i

Acknowledgment ii

Table of Contents

iv

List of Tables v

List of Figures

vi

Chapter

1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction 1

Background of the Study 3

Theoretical Framework 4

Conceptual Framework 5

Statement of the Problem

7

Hypotheses of the Study 7

Significance of the Study 8Scope and Delimitation 8

Definition of Terms 9

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND

STUDIES

Foreign Literature

11

Local Literature

13

Foreign Studies

15

Local Studies20

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

27

Population Frame and Description of

Respondents

28

Research Instruments

29

Data Gathering Procedure

29Statistical Treatment of Data

30

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

Letter to Respondents

Questionnaire

Curriculum Vitae



List of Tables

(captions)

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 Response Code 20

2 Perception of the Firm-Respondents

on the Extent of Implementation of

Green Management Practice 26

3 Summary of Assessment of the

Extent/Frequency of Implementation

of Green Management Practices 26



List of Figures(graphs, charts

and other

illustrations)

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 Approaches to Being Green 4

2 Research Paradigm of the Study 5

3 Demographic Profile Distributionof the Firm-Respondent According to

Nature of Business 23

4 Demographic Profile Distribution

of the Firm-Respondent According

to Years of Operation 24

5 Demographic Profile Distribution

of the Firm-Respondent According

to Number of Employees 25



TEXT OF THE THESIS

(composed of the five chapters of the

manuscript using the past tense of the

verb)



Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM ANDITS BACKGROUND



Document Content and layout

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITSBACKGROUND

All caps, center

Introduction. Introduce your

proposed topic briefly in an openingparagraph.

Indicate your objective (What?) andmotivation (Why?).



Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The “Greening” of Management is a new system of management practices thatprovide firms with information about environment. It is the recognition of the close linkbetween an organization‟s decisions and activities and its impact on the naturalenvironment. Green stands for growth, profit and long-term competitive advantage.

Green Management is a management philosophy which encourages respect fornature and contributes to the prosperity of human life and conservation of theenvironment. It is basically an extension of the total quality approach to the area ofenvironmental management.



Introduction

A statement of the goal of the paper:why the study was undertaken, or whythe paper was written.

Sufficient background information toallow the reader to understand thecontext and significance of the question

you are trying to address.In the introduction to your paper,clearly state

a. the problem you wish to explainand




• 1. What is the profile of the cooperativeunion in terms of regional location, dateof registration and number of members

upon registration at CDA?• 2. What is the profile of the primarycooperative members in terms ofcooperative union location, cooperative

affiliation, cooperative classification,years of operation, asset size, andvolume of transaction or profitability?



Introduction

background of the study which will

introduce the statement of the problem.


a. Major Problem (an expanded reiteration

of the title but expressed as problem)

b. Sub-problem (to support the

development of the major problem)

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Statement of the Research

Objectives

1. Determine the difference betweencooperative federations and cooperativeunions in terms of programs andservices offered to members.

2. Recommendsolutions/activities/programs tocooperative unions that will serve asencouragement to member

cooperatives to continue patronizingthe cooperative unions where they arecurrently affiliated.



Conceptual Framework

Input – Process – Output

Cause and Effect RelationshipVariable: a concept that can take ondifferent values or that has two ormore categories

from case to case

I d d t V i bl th



Independent Variable: the

cause

The independent variable influencesor causes the dependent variable

The independent variable causes thedependent variable to change

Sometimes called the predictorvariable.



Dependent Variable: the effect

This is the variable that should bethe effect in the cause-effectrelationship.

Its value depends on the value of theindependent variable.



4

Conceptual Framework

Figure 2

Research Paradigm of the Study

Figure 2 illustrates the Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model employed by the researcher. The systems view wasadapted because decisions and actions taken in by organization will affect others and vice versa. The different green managementpractices namely: legal, market, stakeholder and activist approach were treated as the input variables. This practices defined thedifferent environmental approaches this firms are using with respect to environmental issues. The application of green

management practices were the subject of assessment by the firm-respondents. This application will determine the degree of theirenvironmental sensitivity and how they respond to the environmental preferences of their customers and the demands of theirstakeholders. The processes yielded findings on the current green management practices reflective of improved competitiveadvantage and sustainable growth. Since any recommendations to be made will reflect a future scenario, management shouldconsider the present events hence, feedback is necessary.

Green ManagementGreen Management

Practice of selected

manufacturing firms in

FCIE

Legal Approach

Market ApproachStakeholder Approach

Activist Approach

Assessment of the

Green Management

Application

Improved Competitive

Advantage

Sustainable growth

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT



Hypothesis – tentative conclusions

drawn from the sub-problems; not necessarilyhypothesizing all sub-problems but only those intendedto tested or proven

Significance of the Study- value of the results ofthe study to a specific groups of person

a. Establishing a logical need for it due to inadequaciesof selected past studies.

b. Giving the significance to persons or entities

concerned in the study.

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Reminders

As the paper unfolds, you shouldintroduce each new section briefly,saying why it is important to youroverall argument.

Most sections should conclude with afew summary remarks and a transitionto the next section.Occasionally, it makes more sense to

put the transition at the beginning ofthe new section.Wherever you put the transitionalsentences, they should take the reader

smoothly to the next topic.



Reminders

Establish a schedule with youradvisor and do it early.

Since your thesis project has adefinite due date, you shouldestablish a schedule for research andwriting, and agree on it with your

advisor.Review this schedule with youradvisor as the due date approaches.



Reminders

Leave plenty of time for faculty toread your drafts and then for you torevise them.

After spending months on researchand writing, you will need time topolish the results.

Nothing will improve your work morethan successive drafts

S d Li it ti f th



Scope and Limitation of the

Study

definition of where and when the studywill be conducted, who thesubjects/respondents will be

Timeline/Period Covered

Location/Area

Other problems encountered whileconducting the study



to include limitations, if any, on coverage, areaof study, stratification and representatives of

sampling. The limitation frank submission of

weaknesses and or shortcomings of the studywhich are not within the control of theresearches.

Definition of Terms –

terms and conceptsto be used in the study

a. Standard Definition

b. Operational Definition

c. Explanation

d. “Spelling out” abbreviation and acronyms

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Chapter 2REVIEW OF RELATED

LITERATURE ANDSTUDIES

(compilation of ideas about thevariables to be investigated)



Literature – gathered from books,

magazines, journals, and publicationsForeign

Local

Studies –

list of findings of previousstudies

Foreign

Local

(Justification of the present study and its bearing

on and relatedness to the reviewed literature

and studies)

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Writing your Review . .

• First give the summary, don‟t copy andpaste if you don‟t want to be charge withplagiarism

• When you summarize make use of terms

like according to, based on, as pointed out,as presented in and then indicate thesurname of the author and the year.

• After giving the summary be sure to explainhow this article, write-up or study is

relevant, related to your study.• You need to indicate the reason why it is

part of your review. . .



Chapter 3

RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY

Ch t 3



Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Short introduction toinform your readersabout the differenttopics included inthis chapter

• Sub-titles:

• Research Design

• Description ofRespondents

• Sampling Technique

• Data GatheringProcedure

• Research

Instruments• Statistical Treatment

of Data



TYPES OF RESEARCHResearch is either:

Basic – seeks to contribute knowledge through thedevelopment of a theory or concept

Ex. Effects of smoke belching on pedestrians

Applied – seeks to provide solutions to problems throughthe development and evaluation of process and policiesthat requires specific courses of action

Ex. Factors that would enhance participation of studentsin extra curricular activities

By purpose or function (descriptive, exploratory,explanatory, correlational, causal, evaluative)

By methods (historical, descriptive, experimental)



ExamplesDescriptive: The Economic Conditions of the Filipinos underthe Leadership of Gloria Arroyo.

Exploratory: Application of Green Marketing

Explanatory: Advantages & Disadvantages of OnlineEnrollment

Correlational: Relationship between Educational Attainmentof Professors and their Teaching Performance

Causal: Impact of Celebrity Endorsement to Sales ofProducts

Evaluative: Assessment of NSTP Classes to Students; theirImpact & Contributions

Analysis of Corporate Governance in Selective CooperativeBanks in the Philippines



Correlational Research Design• A correlation is a relationship between two

variables (or “factors that change”).• These factors can be characteristics, attitudes,

behaviors, or events.• Correlational research attempts to determine if a

relationship exists between the two variables, and thedegree of that relationship.• Correlations are either positive (to +1.0), negative

(to −1.0), or nonexistent (0.0). In a positivecorrelation, the values of the variables increase ordecrease (“co-vary”) together. In a negative

correlation, one variable increases as the otherdecreases. In a nonexistent correlation, norelationship exists between the variables.



Determinants of Correlation

+ correlation: both variableschange in the same direction- correlation: variables change in

opposite directions



Example

• Trying to find out if there is a positivecorrelation between educationalattainment and teaching performanceof professors.

• Trying to find out if there is a positivecorrelation between performanceevaluation and salary of employees.

• Higher education is correlated w/

higher income.• Lack of social integration & suicide• Stress, Patriarchy, Isolation & Abuse



Population Frame &Description of the

Respondents

a. Settingb. Respondents

c. Sampling Procedure

Description of the Instruments Used

Their relation to the sub-problem or hypothesis

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Population Frame and Description of Respondents

The data and information in this study were obtained from the keyinformants of the selected manufacturing firms in FCIE in Langkaan,Dasmarinas, Cavite. From the total population of fifty four (54) majorlocators, the researcher drew a total of twenty one (21) respondents as asample.

Out of the twenty one (21) firm-respondents, fifteen (15) respondedpositively by returning the questionnaires duly accomplished. Initially,the plan was to cover thetwenty one (21) firm-respondent, unfortunately

only fifteen (15) are willing to answer thequestionnaire. This responselevel meant a turnout of seventy one percent (71%) whichwas eighty sixpercent (86%) accurate, the margin of error at fourteen percent (14%)which was good enough. The error was calculated based on the actual (N)and the returned questionnaire (n).



Sampling Technique

Probability Sampling

– Random, Multi-Stage, Area Sampling,Cluster Sampling

Non-Probability Sampling

–Convenience

–Purposive

–Quota– - Judgment

25



25

Sampling Technique

Since the topic was very specialized, the researcher opted to use the judgmentsampling.

Judgment sampling was implemented to select the companies to study, and toselect therespondents from each company. The managers was selected sincethey have experience and extensive knowledge regarding the matter.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were taken from selected manufacturing firms inFCIE. The total number of sample respondents, were computed using theSloven formula:

Nn = -----------

1 + Newhere:

n = sample sizeN = population sizee = desired margin of error (0.05)



Data Gathering Procedure

Indicate Sources of Data

Primary - gathered throughinterviews, surveys, experiment etc.

Secondary sources of data – datafrom books, journals, magazines,company reports, newsletter etc.

Procedures followed to gather all thedata including places visited.



Research Instrument

• Preparation of Survey Questionnaires• Indicate the different parts of the survey i.e. first part

about the demographic profile of the respondents;second part – questions to measure the problemsencountered by the company; and third part -

questions to find out if there is a positive or negativecorrelation between two or more variables identifiedin the study

• Inform the reader about the validation of the survey.• Copy of the survey should be included in the

appendices

• While the actual survey should be submitted to thethesis professor



Statistical Treatment of Data

Indicate the formula of thechosen/appropriate statistical tool inthis study.

a. Percentage. The percentage was used todetermine the demographic profile of the firmrespondent in terms of natureof business, yearsof operation and number of employees



Percentage

This is a descriptive statistical term which showsthe relationship between two sizes, or therelationship of a part of its whole. Theformula is:

f *% = --------------- 100

n

Where: % = percentage distributionf = frequency distribution

n = number of respondents

37



37

b. Mean. This tool was used to determine if there issignificant difference in the assessment of green managementpractices when they are grouped according to demographicprofile. A mean is a measure of central tendency used todescribe the average value of the response to each questionand was adopted using this formula:

(Responses per item) * (Scale Value)

„x = --------------------------------------------------Number of respondents (n)

Where: „x = mean

n = number of responses per question

38



38

c. Weighted Mean. The weighted mean was interpretedusing a 5-point Likert Scale. The concept of the numerical

boundary were as follows:Table 1

Response Code

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Unit Weight Numerical Scores Verbal Interpretation

-----------------------------------------------------------------1 0.00 - 1.50 Never

2 1.51 - 2.50 Seldom

3 2.51 - 3.50 Sometimes

4 3.51 – 4.50 Often5 4.51 – 5.00 Always

-----------------------------------------------------------------



Chapter 4PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF

DATA

R it ti f th Obj ti /P bl



Reiteration of the Objectives/Problems

Presentation of Data

Analysis (of the data)

Interpretation (of the data) / Implications

of the Data



Short intro to inform the readerabout the different topics included in

this chapterIndicate the first problem before thepresentation of data gathered

Use either the table or figure formatto present the data

After each table or figure is your

interpretation of the data



Table Format

• If possible, print the table on one page.

• If the table is too large and must bebroken up to fit onto two or more

pages, write “(table continues)” in thebottom right corner of each page, and“(continued)” in the upper left corner ofthe next page.

• Print the entire table heading again oneach page, numbering individualcolumns if necessary.



Example of Table Format

• Table 1• Gender Profile of the Respondents• __________________________________• Gender Frequency %

• __________________________________

• ___________________________________• Interpretations follow



Example of Figure Format

Figure 1 Sales for the FourQuarters



Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF

FINDINGS,

CONCLUSIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONS

Chapter 5



SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

• Short introduction to inform your readerabout the different topics included in thischapter

• Indicate your sub-problem before the

presentation of summary of findings andconclusions.

• Your findings, conclusions andrecommendations should be synchronize,

meaning, if you have 5 findings, you alsoneed 5 conclusions and recommendations.

• Use number format for this chapter.

Summary (brief “abstract” of the entire



Summary (brief abstract of the entire

study, from Chapter II to III, optional)

Summary of Findings (to dovetail with thesub-problems)

Conclusions (on the basis of the summary

of findings)

Recommendations (if possible, on the

basis of the conclusion, and someadditional and significant

recommendations which have also

bearing on the study)



BIBLIOGRAPHY

and APPENDICES

Bibliography

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Bibliography

a comprehensive list, not forgetting to include

documentation used in the text of the study-all

others, listed are expected to have been read by

the researcher.

Appendices

to be included in full test clarify points brought

out in the test for more details

a. Cover Letter

b. Questionnaire c. Curriculum Vitae (would, among other things,

reveal the capacity of the researcher to conduct

the study)


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Citations for Print Sources

• Book• Author(s)/Editor(s)• Year, in parentheses• Book Title

• Series Title andvolume• Total pages• Publisher• Location (city and

state/country)

• Article in Book• Author(s)• Year, in parentheses• Article Title

• Book Title• Edition• Editor(s)• Page(s) of article in

book

• Publisher• Location (city and

state/country)



Example

Kotler, P. (1994). Marketingmanagement (8th ed.). EnglewoodCliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

McDougall, I., and T. M. Harrison(Eds.) (1999), Geochronology and

Thermochronology by the 40Ar/39ArMethod, 2nd ed., 269 pp., OxfordUniversity Press, New York.



Citation for journals

• Article in Journal• Author(s)• Year, in parentheses• Article Title

• Journal Title• Volume Number initalics

• Page(s)

• Article in Journal withdigital

• citation references• Author(s)• Year, in parentheses• Article Title• Journal Title• Volume Number in

italics

• Issue Number inparentheses• Page(s) or Citation

Number



Example

• Prašnikar, J., Cirman, A., & Domadenik,P. (2001). Investment activities ofSlovenian companies in the countries offormer Yugoslavia. Economic and

Business Review, 3(2), 137 –154.

• Budetta, G., and D. Carbone (1998),Temporal variations in gravity at Mt.

Etna (Italy) associated with the 1989and 1991 eruptions, Bulletin ofVolcanology , 59, 311-326.

Sources



Sources

After citing internet address, includeinformation about the author of the

article, and date of retrieval.

M Kariera – Zaposlitveni portal [Mcareer – Employment portal].

Retrieved May 15, 2009, fromhttp://www.mercator.si/kariera

<http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_docelectric.html>.



Appendices

Consist of the following:• − Questionnaires used

• − Computer data-processing printouts

• - letter to respondent/s• −Adviser‟s acceptance form

• -Title approval sheet

• -certification from EnglishEditor/statistician

• Other materials



Adviser’s Acceptance Form •

• (Name of Professor)

•

• Hereby accepts the proponents:

• _________________________________

• _________________________________

• _________________________________

•

• as thesis advisees for their study;

• •

• ____________________________

• (Title of Study)

•

•

•

•

• for the school year 2011-2012

• • Conforme: ___________________________

• Date: _____________________

•

Note: this form should be part of appendices



TITLE APPROVAL SHEET

• This thesis hereto entitled• “The title of the

research project” •

Prepared and submitted by <Put names of proponents> in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree ofBachelor of Science in Business Administration Major inBusiness Operations and Management is recommended foracceptance and approval..

• • <Name of Adviser>

• ADVISER•

• Name of Professor• Thesis Professor

• • Note: this form should be part of your appendices• •



Certification from the Editor

• • Dear Dr. _________:• • This is to certify that the research paper entitled,• Title of Research

• ____________________________________________________ _____________ of

• ______________________________________________• Name of Researcher/s• • has been edited by the undersigned.

• • Respectfully yours,

_____________________________________Printed Name & Signature of English Editor



Thank You for Listening!