Taylor & Francis Not for distributiontandfbis.s3.amazonaws.com/rt-media/pdf/9780415588478/index.pdf · Taylor & Francis Not for distribution steelwork 246, 475 Beany block kerb/drainage

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

Index

Abandoned mine workings 160Abbreviations ixAccess covers and frames, manholes 228, 385,401

Access platforms 123Access roads, provision and placing ofconcrete 425

Access shaftexcavation 304linings - concrete and formwork 305

Access stagingstaging 133towers 133walkways 532

Aftercare and maintenance, planting 496Aggregates 93Aggregates levy 27Agricultural buildings 580Agricultural tractors 124Air conditioning 546Air tools, plant costs 142Airport buildings 579All risks insurance 39All-in labour ratesallowances for skill and conditions 51allowances for weekly bonus 52annual holiday with pay allowance 53bonus allowances 52CiTB levy allowances 55employer's liability allowances 55labour costs 53national insurance allowances 55plant servicing time allowances 55public holidays with pay allowances 55quality assurance policy allowances 55safety policy allowances 55skill and conditions allowances 51subsistence allowances 54travelling allowances 52

Alteration workdense aggregate blockwork 487lightweight aggregate blockwork 488

Alumina cement 66Aluminium

cladding 535external doors 537glazed internal walls 538glazed partitions 538patent glazing 527roof covering 531roof decking 527windows 537

Anchorages, ground anchors 156, 418Ancillary building works 519Angles, steel 105Angles of repose 635Annealed wire 59Annual holiday with pay 55Anti-condensation paint 324Anti-static floor finish 542Antiskid 427Arrows, road markings 439Ashlar masonry, Portland whitbed 318, 489Asphaltextruded channels and kerbs 280floor finishes 541paver 124roof covering 527, 531tanking 330

Bailey bridges 595Balustrading to stairs and walkways 533Bar reinforcementhigh yield steel 196, 286, 473material costs - straight/bent 59mild steel 195, 285, 473stainless steel 196, 472

Basic material prices 58Basic rates of pay 51Beamsconcrete encased steelwork 524formwork (outputs) 603in-situ concrete 524placing of concreteprestressed concrete 191reinforced concrete 190

precast concrete 204, 470steel 104


steelwork 246, 475Beany block kerb/drainage block 80, 288,429

Bearing capacities of soils 636Bench seatsprecast concrete 441steel 441street furniture 441timber 441

Benching to manholes, provision and placing ofconcrete 228, 385, 605

Benefits schemeall-in labour rates 54working rule agreement 51

Bill of quantities, initial appraisal 5Bitumenmacadam 283, 424spray applied 531

Bitumen rolls, waterproofing 118Bituminous screeds, roof coverings 529Bituminous sprayflexible pavements 285road construction 427tack coat 427

Blast cleaning, steelwork 247Blasting boulders, rock removal 184Blindingplacing of mass concrete 187provision and placing of concrete 187

Blockkerbs 80paving 81, 677

Blockworkaverage unit costs 308, 488averarage unit cost 62dense aggregate 62, 316, 487external walls 533internal walls 537lightweight aggregate 313, 488partitions 537paviors 549tables and memoranda 646wall ties 320

Boilers, plant costs 141Bollardsaverage unit costs 549precast concrete 441steel 441

Boltsmiscellaneous 87woodwork 255

Bonds 39Bonus payments 52Bored in-situ reinforced concrete piling 260Bored in-situ reinforced concretepiling 450,453

Box girder main members, steelwork 475Bracings, steelwork 246Breaking outbrickwork 599concrete 599masonry 599pavement 420, 599

Brickworkaverage unit costs 61, 308, 484class A engineering bricks 61, 312, 485class B engineering bricks 313, 486class B engineering bricks 61common bricks 61, 308, 484Dritherm cavity insulation 320Exmet reinforcement 88Expamet reinforcement 88, 320external walls 533facing bricks 61, 310, 486fair facing work 309Hyload damp proof course 320internal walls 537joint filler 320manholes 228, 385movement joints 320partitions 537

Bridge bearingslaminated elastomeric rubber 480mechanical guide 480plain rubber 480testing 481

Bridgeworks 585Build in pipes etc.common brickwork 310dense aggregate blockwork 316engineering brickwork 313facing brickwork 311lightweight aggregate blockwork 316

Builder's work services 548Builder’s works, water mains 548Building paper, roof coverings 528Built-up girders, steelwork 246, 475Bulbs, planting 179, 496Bulkage of materials, tables andmemoranda 634

Bus/coach stations 579Bush hammering, external walls 536

702 Index


Cablingcommunication 448feeder pillars 447joints and terminations 446lighting 446tiles 445trench 445, 448

Canals, dredging 165Capital allowances 11Car parking 549, 579, 592temporary 413

Carbon steel pipes BS 10126, drainage belowground 219

Carpentry and joinery 340Carpet/carpet tile, floor finishes 543Casings to metal sections, placing of reinforcedconcrete 191

Cast ironpipes and fittings 63pipes BS 437 216portable water fittings 63rainwater gutters 336, 530rainwater pipes 336, 530

Catseye road studs, road markings 440Ceiling finishesaccoustic plaster 544Artex 544fire resistant 544paint 543plaster 543plasterboard 544Supalux 544suspended ceilings 544timber boarding 544tongued and grooved 544Tyrolean finish 544woodwool slabs 544

Cementadmixtures 67alumina 66ordinary Portland 66rapid hardening 66sulphate resisting 66

Cement and sand screed, floor finishes 541Cement paint to external walls 536Ceramic tile floor and wall finishes 348, 540Cesspools, Klargester cesspools 97Channelsextruded asphalt 280polymer 90precast concrete 287, 429

steel 105Charges and fees, preliminaries and generalitems 37

Checklist of items, preliminaries and generalitems 32

Chestnut pale, temporary fencing 368Chipboardfloor finishes 541wall finishes 540

CiTB levy allowances, all-in labour rates 55Cladding rails, steelwork 250Claycable ducts 382cable tiles 446channels - manholes 228, 385, 400field drains BS 1196 65, 208grease traps/interceptors 65, 238, 395laying and jointing pipes (outputs) 604perforated drains 209, 382pipes BS EN 295 64, 209tile roof covering 530yard gulley 65, 385

Clear vegetation 161Close boarded permanent fencing 368Closed circuit TV 548Coated chippingsflexible pavements 284road construction 427

Coated corrugated steel culverts, drainagebelow ground 240

Cobble pavingaverage unit costs 549paving 81stonework 290, 434

Coffer dams 595Cold asphaltflexible pavements 284road construction 425

Cold stores 580Cold water installations 545Columnsbases - foundations 520common brickwork 309concrete encased steelwork 524engineering brickwork 313facing brickwork 311in-situ concrete 524lightweight aggregate blockwork 316provision and placing of concrete 190, 469steel 105steelwork 246, 475

Index 703


Commercial buildings 580Communications - motorway 448Compaction, plant costs 122Compaction of fill, filling 411Comparative costs, earth moving 180Comparative costs of equipmentancillary equipment 183earth moving equipment 182excavation equipment 181transportation equipment 181

Compressorsplant costs 125tools 125

Concreteancillaries 192basic material prices 66cable tiles 446common mixes 640concrete floors 526curing periods 645designed mix 66dowels 85, 200drain pipe bedding 243drain pipe haunching 243drain pipe surrounds 243encased columns 524flat roofs 527formwork 192, 471grout base plates 203in-situ beams 524in-situ columns 524in-situ work 186, 468inserts 203internal walls 538joints in concrete 197, 286, 426labour gang rate allowances 467manholes 68material weight 638materials 66mixers 127pavements 285piling 260, 450-451pipe support stools and thrust blocks 245pipes to BS 5911 213, 381pipes to EN 1916 69placing of mass concrete 187placing of reinforced concrete 190post-tensioned prestressing 201precast 204, 470prescribed mix 66, 640provision and placing 468

pumps 128ready mixed 66, 601reinforcement 190, 472retaining walls 584roads and pavings 285, 425roofs 527safety barriers 373skips 128sprayed or brushed waterproofing 332spun channels 400staircases 532stools and thrust blocks 245structural 467surrounds to services 243tanks 580tile roof covering 529vibrators 127walls 187, 468, 534, 538waterstops 200weights 638

Conditions of contract, initial appraisal 4Connections - drains 385Consequential loss insurance 40Constructed cost indices 558Construction joints in concrete 286, 426Consultantsnon time-related charges 45time-related charges 45

Consumable storescutting discs 70plant costs 123

Contract bond 40Contraction joints in concrete 286, 426Contractor design, buried structures 491Contractor?snon time-related charges 44site oncosts 42time-related charges 42

Contractorsnon time-related charges 35plant costs 120preliminaries and general items 32time-related charges 33

Conversion tables and factors 616-617Copingscommon brickwork 309, 485engineering brickwork 313, 485facing brickwork 311, 487precast concrete 318, 488

Copper lead conductors, lightningprotection 446

704 Index


Corner cube road studs, road markings 295,440

Corrosion protection of steelwork 476Corrugated steel, drainage below ground 381Cost and tender price indicesconstructed cost indices 558indices for formula adjustments 557price adjustment indices 554road construction price indices 559

Cost estimate, outline of the tendering andestimating process 7

Covers and frames, manholes 84Crack inducers, miscellaneous 86Cranes, plant costs 128Crash cushion 375Crib wallingapproximate estimates 584basic material prices 72earth retention 72, 111precast concrete 417timber 417

Cubicles 538Cultivation additivescompost 83, 493fertilizer 83, 496granular treatments 83, 493herbicide 83, 493landscaping 177manure 83, 493weedkiller 83, 493

Culverts, basic material prices 71Curtain walling, external walls 535Curved formwork 472Cutting, pavements 285, 427Cutting discs, consumable stores 70Cuttings 405Cycle stands 550

Damp-proofingBituthene 329, 479waterproof render 329

Dams 580Dayworkapplication of dayworks 564insurances 566labour 564materials 564plant 566supplementary charges 565watching and lighting 566welfare facilities 565

insurances 566introduction 561mobilisation 568schedules of daywork 562labour 562materials 563plant 563supplementary charges 563

servicing of plant 567watching and lighting 566welfare facilities 565

Deckingprestressed concrete 205timber 255

Demolitionsbuildings 162, 363walls 162

Demountable partitions, internal partitions 538Dense aggregate blockworkbuild in pipes etc. 316walls 316, 487

Dense bitumen macadamflexible pavements 283road construction 424

Dense tar surfacingflexible pavements 284road construction 425

Dense tarmacadamflexible pavements 284road construction 424

Design and construct variations, outline of thetendering and estimating process 10

Detectorfeeder cables 446loops 440

Dewateringearthworks 184plant costs 138

Diamond crossings 301Diaphragm walling, ground stabilisation 156,466

Disposalbasis of rates 163double handling 171earthworks 167, 407excavated earth 167, 407hazardous waste 511installations 545rock or other hard material 171

Distribution of fuel, daywork 568Ditches, land drainage 239

Index 705


Dock levellers 547Doorsexternal 345, 536frames 345internal 345, 539

Double handlingdisposal 171excavated topsoil 171rock or other hard material 171

Dowelsconcrete 200miscellaneous 85movement joints 483

Drainageabove ground 336allowances 550approximate estimates 593average unit costs 550below ground 206carbon steel pipes BS 10126 219cast iron pipes BS 437 216clay pipes BS 1196 208coated corrugated steel culverts 240concrete bedding 243concrete haunchings 243concrete pipes BS 5911 213, 381concrete pipes BS 5911-6 69concrete stools and thrust blocks 245concrete surrounds 243corrugated steel 381dewatering system 184drainage pipework 208ductile spun iron pipes BS 4772 218excavation in mass concrete 241excavation in reinforced concrete 241excavation in rock 241gullies 238, 395land drainage 239large bore concrete pipes 214manholes 228, 385non-return tidal flap valves 226penstocks 226pipe beddinggranular material 242imported sand 242mass concrete 243

pipe connections 239pipe constants (tables andmemoranda) 691

pipe haunching - mass concrete 243pipe jacking 242

pipework 208pipework protection 242pipework supports 241polymer drain channel 90protection to pipework 241PVC-U fittings 113PVC-U rainwater pipes 337redundant drains or sewers 162, 339renovation of sewers 339Safeticurb channels 287, 429sewer renovation 339soft spots 241, 395subsoil 113supports and protection 241tables and memoranda 691testing kit 71tools 141trench widths (tables and memoranda) 691Ultrarib PVC-U 117, 224valves and penstocks 226vitrified clay BS 65 379vitrified clay BS EN295 209work to redundant drains 162, 396

Drawings, initial appraisal 5Dredgersfloating craft 165trailing suction hopper dredger 165

Dredgingcanals 167dock systems 167general bed lowering 165harbour beds 165industrial lagoons 167lakes 167maintaining shipping channels 165new channels in tidal location 165rivers 167silted dock systems 167

Drilling and blastingin open cut 184in quarry 184in rock 184in trenches 184rock removal 184

Drilling for grout holes, geotechnical and otherspecialis processes 154

Drying, plant costs 141Duct covers, Stelduct 251Ductile spun iron, pipes BS 4772 218Dumpers, plant costs 135Durbar flooring, steelwork 249

706 Index


Dynamic compaction, ground stabilisation 159,416

Earthmovingearth moving equipment 182excavation by backacter 406excavation by hand 183excavation by pneumatic equipment 183excavation equipment 181load material 184transportation equipment 181

preparation of filled surfacesexcavated surfaces 169filled surfaces 174

retaining walls 584retention and stabilisationapproximate estimates 584crib walling 72, 584gabions 72, 584

rods 447supportapproximate estimates 596earthworks 172manholes 228, 386

Earth retention 111Earthworksaverage unit costs 163, 403crib walling 417cuttings 405deposition 407dewatering 184disposal 407excavated material 171

disposal rates 403dredging 165drilling and blasting in rock 184earth moving 181earthwork supports 172excavation 163excavation for cuttings 405excavation for foundations 168excavation for structures 405excavation rates 403excavation to general areas 169filling 407, 412gabions 417general excavation 169geotextiles 175ground anchorages 418horticultural works 177, 493

labour gang rate allowances 163landscaping 177membranes 175, 412support 637tables and memoranda 632treatment of surfaces 170trial pits 419

Edgingsbasic material prices 80precast concrete 287, 429

Electrical services installations 546Electrical supply 696Electrical work road lighting and signs 446Ellis Trief safety kerb, precast concrete 287, 430Emergency lighting 546Employersliability insurance 39non time-related charges 37, 45preliminaries and general items 32time-related charges 36, 45

Enamelled steelinternal walls 538partitions 538

Engineering bricks, manhole 399Entrance matting 543Entrance screens 537EPDM membrane, roof coverings 531Epoxyfloor finishes 542painting of steelwork 247

Erosion control mat, geotextiles 176Erosion protection, geotextiles 176Excavated materialdisposal outputs 598weights (tables and memoranda) 632

Excavated rock, filling 174Excavated surfaces, treatment of surfaces 170Excavated topsoil, double handling 171Excavationaccess shafts 304alternative soil conditions 403backacter 167, 181bulldozer 170cable trench 445, 448completion of formation andsubformation 415

cuttings 405disposal 163, 403dragline 181earthworks 168excavation 163, 403

Index 707


excavation rates 403face shovel 181foundations 168general areas 170ground conditions 163hand 183hard material 397, 406lining watercourses 416manholes 228, 386, 397multi-purpose loader/back hoe 181plant costs 122pneumatic equipment 183road lighting 445tables and memoranda 632tractor loader 171, 181tunnels 304

Excavation gang, labour gang rateallowances 164

Expansion joints and sealing of gaps to bridgedeck 482

Expansion joints in concrete 286, 426Exposed aggregate external walls 536External doors and windows 536External furniture 549External lighting 550External services 550, 593External worksbollards 549brick paviors 549bus stops 550car parking 549cobbles 549drainage allowances 550electric mains 550external furniture 549external lighting 550external services 550fencing 549flag pole/staff 550garages 549gas mains 550granite setts 549guard rails 549paved areas 549planted areas 548precast paviors 549screen walls 550seeded areas 548shrubs 548tables and memoranda 675telephone ducting 550

trees 549vehicle barriers 550york stone paving 549

Externally illuminated signs, traffic signs ongantries 438

Extra cost of reinforcement in slabs 524Extruded asphaltchannels 280kerbs 280

Fabric reinforcementhigh yield steel 196, 473material costs 59

Facing brickwork 310, 486, 533Factories 580Fair facedformwork 193, 471wall finishes 540

Feesconsulting engineers' conditions ofappointment 569

preliminaries and general items 37quantity surveyors' conditions ofappointment 574

Felt roof coverings 531Fencingaverage unit costs 333, 366basic material prices 73environmental barriers 367gates and stiles 335, 368pedestrian guard rails 335, 376safety 335, 373tables and memoranda 684

Fertilizercultivation additives 493landscaping 83

Fidelity guarantee insurance 40Field drains BS 1196, clay 208Field gate permanent fencing 368Filled surfaces, treatment of surfaces 174Fillingcompaction of fill 411earthworks 407embankments 407environmental bunds 407, 409excavated earth 172excavated rock 175french and rubble drains 239imported armour stones 410imported graded fill 409imported granular material 409

708 Index


imported topsoil 172landscaped areas 407, 409shore protection 410structural concrete foundations 405, 409structures 407, 409

Filling abandoned workings, mines 160Filter drains, clay perforated pipes 209, 382Fin drains 383Finance costs, contract investment oncosts andprofit 552

Finishing surfaces, concrete 202Finishingsceiling 543decorations 540floor 541wall 539

Firealarms 548doors 538extinguishers 547ponds/lagoons 580proof partitions 538protection and decoration 540resistant ceiling finishes 544shutters 537staircases 532

Fittingskitchen fittings 544office furniture 545shelving 545signs 545

Fix only equipment, motorwaycommunications 448

Fixing reinforcement outputs 602Flagspaving 81tables and memoranda 681

Flat roofsconcrete 527precast concrete 527timber 527

Flexible constructionroads and paving 283, 422tables and memoranda 680

Flexible pavementsbitumen macadam 284bituminous spray 285coated chippings 284cold asphalt 284dense bitumen macadam 283dense tar surfacing 284

dense tarmacadam 284rolled asphalt 284slurry sealing 284

Floor finishesaccess/computer 543acrylic polymer 542Altro safety 542anti-static 542asphalt 541carpet/carpet tile 543cement and sand screed 541ceramic tile 542chipboard 541composition block 542computer/access 543entrance matting 543epoxy 542flexible sheet 350granolithic 542latex levelling screed 541latex non-slip 541polyester resin 542polymer 542power floating 541quarry tile 542rubber tile 541skirtings 542softwood 541surface hardener 541Synthanite 542tile 542vinyl sheet 542vinyl tile 542

Flooringopen grid 251plate 250

Fog warning - motorway communication 449Foot bridges 585Footpaths 592Footways 432Formulae, tables and memoranda 627Formworkclass F1 finish 471class F2 finish 472class F3 finish 472curved 472definitions 199, 471extra for smooth finish 525extra for wrought finish 527extra smooth finish 194fair finish 193, 471

Index 709


Hyrib permanent - supply 87labour gang rate allowances 198, 467materials 98multipliers 603number of uses 471outputs 603plant costs 143rough finish 192, 471stripping times 644tunnel access shaft lining 305tunnel lining 305

Foundationscolumn bases 521, 583pile caps 522, 583piled 523raft 523strip footings 522, 583trench fill 520, 583

Frame and upper floors 524Frame to roof 526French and rubble drains, filling 239Fuel consumption, plant costs 123Fuel distribution, daywork 568Furniture and fittings, average unit costs 544

Gabionsapproximate estimates 584average unit costs 417basic material prices 72

Galvanized steel roof decking 527Galvanizing steelwork 247, 476Garages 579Gas installationconnection charge 547installation 547

Generators, plant costs 128Geotechnical and other specialis processesdrilling for grout holes 154grout holes 154grout injection 154

Geotechnical Investigationbasic prices 74Instrumental observations 74Laboratory tests 74Rotary drilled boreholes 74Samples 74

Geotextile, basic material prices 75Geotextiles, applications costs 175, 412Glassfibre insulation, roof 529Glazed walling, external walls 535Glazing, average unit costs 347

Graded, imported granular material 409Granite chippings, roof coverings 531Granite setts 81, 290, 434, 549Granolithicfloor finishes 542skirtings 542

Granular material, subbases 283, 423Granular treatments, cultivation additives 83,175, 493

Grass cutting 683Grass sowinggrass seed 178horticultural works 178, 493hydraulic mulch grass seed 178, 494laying imported turf 178, 494tables and memoranda 682

Gratings and frames, gullies 76Grease interceptors, clay 238, 395Grease traps, gullies 65Greenheart 99, 253, 266Grit blastingplant costs 141steelwork 477

Ground anchoragesearthworks 418ground stabilisation 156

Ground investigationrotary drilled boreholes 151trial holes 150

Ground stabilisationabandoned mine workings 160average unit costs 157diaphragm walling 156dynamic compaction 159, 416ground anchorages 156grout holes 160vibroreplacement 158

Ground water lowering 418Groutbase plates 203holes - ground stabilisation 160redundant drains 396

Grout holes, geotechnical and other specialisprocesses 154

Grout injection, geotechnical and other specialisprocesses 154

Guard rails 335, 377, 549Gulliesapproximate estimates 593basic material prices 76clay 238, 395

710 Index


gratings and frames 76grease traps 65precast concrete 238, 397road gullies 65yard gullies 65

Gutters, average unit costs 530

Handrailspedestrian guard railing 376stairs 533steelwork 249

Harbour bed control, dredging locations 167Hardcore, road subbases 283, 424Hardwoodboarding 255external doors 536internal door frames 539stain 327timber 99windows 536

Head office overheads, oncosts andprofit 552

Heating installation 546Hedges, planting 180, 367, 494Herbaceous and ground cover plants,planting 495

Herbicide, cultivation additives 493Hoistsaverage unit costs 548plant costs 130

Holding down bolts, steelwork 246Hollow section steel 107Holorib permanent formwork 526Horticultural worksaverage unit costs 177, 493cultivation additivescompost 493fertilizer 493granular 493herbicide 493manure 493peat 493weedkiller 493

earthworks 177, 493grass sowing 178grassing 493land drains 239landscaping 178laying turf 178plant support netting 179, 495planters 494

plantingaftercare and maintenance 496bulbs 496hedges 494herbaceous/ground cover 495shrubs 495trees 494weed killer 496

preparation of surfaces 493shrub stakes 495tables and memoranda 682tree guards 494tree stakes 494tree supports 494weed control 496

Hose, reels 547Hot and cold water installations 545Hydraulic mulch grass seed, grass sowing 178,494

Importedfill materialclay 93graded 409rock 410selected fill 410selected graded 409well graded 409

graded fill, filling 409granular materialfilling 173, 409graded 173, 409imported rock 173imported topsoil 173selected 173

Imported armour stones, filling 410Industrial buildings 580Infrastructure 593Instrumental observations, GeotechnicalInvestigation 74

Insulationboards 344, 528quilts 343, 528

Insurances 39Interceptorsbasic material prices 97clay 238

Intergrated ceilings 544Internally illuminated signs, traffic signs ongantries 292, 438

Ironmongery 346

Index 711


Jointing clayware pipes, outputs 604Jointsconcrete 198, 286, 426construction 286, 426contraction 286, 427expansion 286, 426, 482fillersExpoboard 78Expocrete 78Expoflex 78Hydrocell 78Thioflex 78

longitudinal 286, 426movement joint sealers 482

Joists, steel 106

Kerbsbeany block type 80block kerbs 80extruded asphalt 430precast concrete 80, 287, 429quadrants 287, 429safety kerbs 80tables and memoranda 675

Laboratory tests, Geotechnical Investigation 74Labour costsall-in labour rates 54average working week 54bonus payments 54non-productive overtime 54resources 54subsistence allowances 54travelling allowances 54working hours 54

Laddersaverage unit costs 532scaffolding 94

Land drainageapproximate estimates 595average unit costs 239culverts 240ditches 239filter drains 382fin drains 383french and rubble drains 239horticultural works 493narrow filter drains 384PVC-U perforated pipes 221

Land reclamation, dredging 165Land remediation

background 503cost considerations 511definition 501guidance notes 500initial study 505land remediation techniques 508landfill tax 514

Landfill tax 514Landscape paving 81Landscaping, cultivation additives 177Lay-bys 590Lifting gear, plant costs 130Lifting traffic barrier, steel 441Light duty pavementsasphalt/ bitumen macadam 289brick paviors 290, 435cobble paving 290, 434concrete base 289Ennstone Johnston Golden gravel 433Ennstone Johnstone Golden gravel 289granite setts 290, 435gravel 289, 433gravel base 289hardcore base 289precast concrete paving 290, 433sand base 289

Lightingprecast concrete bracket arms 443precast concrete columns 443road lighting cable 446road lighting cable jointing 446road lighting cable terminations 446

Lightning protectionaverage unit costs 548copper lead conductors 447earth rods 447

Lightweight aggregate blocks 62, 314, 487Lightweight screeds 529Lines, road markings 439Linings to tunnels, precast concrete 305Loading loose material by hand, outputs 600Locating buried cablescommunications 448road lighting and traffic signs 445

Loss of money insurance 40

Mains electrical work 546Maintaining shipping channels, dredginglocations 166

Management appraisal, outline of the tenderingand estimating process 9

712 Index


Manhole, detailed rates 397Manholescivil engineering works - unit costs 228highways works - unit costs 386

Marker posts, traffic signs 441Masonryashlar masonry 318, 489civil engineering works - unit costs 308painting 325rubble walling 319, 489tables and memoranda 646

Mechanical services installations 546Membrane, waterproofing 118Membranesgeotextiles 175, 412roof coverings 531

Metalroof decking 527staircases 532stud partitions and doors 537

Metalworkmiscellaneous 475structural 246

Method related charges, preliminaries andgeneral items 32

Method statement and programme, outline ofthe tendering and estimating process 6

Mild steel, bar reinforcement 195, 286, 473Mines, filling abandoned workings 160Mortar mixes, tables and memoranda 647Mortuaries 580Motorway communications 448Mould oil 86Movement jointsdowels 483expansion joints 482joint sealers 482waterstops 482

Multipliers for formwork, outputs 603

Nails 100Narrow filter drains, land drainage 384National insurance allowances, all-in labourrates 55

New channels in tidal location, dredginglocations 165

Noise barriersnoise reflective barriers 367sound absorptive barriers 367

Non time-related chargesconsultant's site requirements 37, 45

contractor's site oncosts 35, 44employer's site requirements 37, 45preliminaries and general items 32

Non-productive overtime, labour costs 54Non-return tidal flap valves, drainage belowground 226

Obtaining prices, outline of the tendering andestimating process 5

Offloading materials, daywork 564Oncosts and profit 552Open grid flooring, steelwork 215Ordinary Portland cement 66Outline of estimating and tender process 3Outputsbeam formwork 603breaking out by handbrickwork 599concrete 599pavements 599sandstone 599

clayware pipes - laying and jointing 604concrete - placing 601disposal of excavated material 598fixing reinforcement 602formwork, multipliers 603manholes - precast concrete 605material loading by hand 600placing concrete 601precast concrete manholes 605purpose and content of book 1ready mix concrete - placing 601reinforcement - fixing 602slab formwork 603wall formwork 603

Overheads, head office 552

Paintinganti-condensation 324average unit costs 321, 540bituminous 327emulsion 89, 324, 540flame retardant paint 541gloss 89, 322, 540hardwood stain 327masonry 325material costs 89plastic compound 540polyurethane varnish 326preservative (wood) 327primer 321

Index 713


sprayed mineral fibre 541sprayed vermiculite cement 541steelwork protection 247, 476

Parapetsaluminium 375steel 374

Parklands 594Patent glazing 527Paved areas, average unit costs 549Pavement, concrete 285Pavementsbreaking up 420, 599cutting 427flexiblebitumen macadam 284, 424bituminous spray 285, 425coated chippings 284, 427cold asphalt 284, 425dense bitumen macadam 283, 424dense tar surfacing 284, 425dense tarmacadam 284, 424flexible construction 283, 424rolled asphalt 284, 425slurry sealing 284, 427tack coat 285, 427

highway works 424kerbs 287, 429perforation 420rigidbar reinforcement 285concrete 285construction 285fabric reinforcement 285joints in concrete 287polyethylene sheet 286

scarify surface 285, 427surface planing 427tables and memoranda 675

Pavingaverage unit costs 289, 421basic material costs 81spread rates / coverage (tables andmemoranda) 680

Pavingslabour gang rate 280plant rate 282

Paviors, brickwork 290, 435, 549Pedestrian crossings, guard rails 376Penstocks, drainage below ground 226Perforated drains 209, 221Perforating pavements 420

Permanent erection of steelwork 246Permanent fencingclose boarded 368field gate 368plastic coated chain mesh 368post and rail 368steel gate 368timber stile 369

Permeable membrane, geotextiles 175, 412Petrol interceptors 97Pierscommon brickwork 309engineering brickwork 313facing brickwork 311lightweight aggregate blockwork 316

Pil tests, piling 278Pilingaverage unit costs 260, 450, 523bored in-situ reinforced concrete 260, 450,453

concrete injected piles (flight augered) 451,454

driven cast-in-place reinf concrete 263, 451,455

driven timber piles 265interlocking steel sheet 77, 269, 451pile tets 278piling ancillaries 273plant 450preformed concrete 264, 452proof loading 461segmental casing method 263, 451, 454steel tubular piles 459steel universal bearing piles 77, 267, 451,456

temporary steel casing 263U section 464Z section 463

Pipeaverage unit costs 207bedding and surroundsimported granular material 242-243imported sand 242, 244mass concrete 243-244

carbon steel BS 10126 219cast iron BS 437 216clay 209connections 239ductile spun iron BS 4772 218fittingscast iron 63

714 Index


clayware 64Hepworth 65steel 103

jacking 242porous precast concrete BS 5911 213precast concrete BS 5911 213PVC-U 221supports and protection 242

Piped building servicesequipment 353pipework 353sanitary appliances 354

Placing concretemass concreteblinding 187ground beams 187other concrete forms 189walls 187

outputs 601prestressed concretebeams 190suspended slabs 191

reinforced concretecasings to metal sections 191columns and piers 190ground beams 190suspended slabs 190walls 190

Plant costsaccess platforms 123access staging 133access towers 133agricultural 124air tools 142asphalt pavers 124boilers 142cleaners 125compaction 125compressor tools 125compressors 125concrete mixers 127concrete pumps 128concrete skips 128concrete vibrators 127consumables 123contractor owned plant 120cranes 128dewatering 138drain tools 141drying 141dumpers 135

excavators 129formwork equipment 143fuel consumption 123generators 128grit blasting 141heating 141hoists 130landscaping tools 142lifting gear 130lighting 140miscellaneous 139owning costs 120piling plant 131portable buildings 143power floats 127power tools 141pumps 138road construction 124road form 139road safety 139rollers 132scaffolding 132shot blasting 141stone splitters 141storage tanks 142sweepers 125tippers 135tractors 133transformers 140transport 135trench sheets 137utilisation factors 121water supply 142welding sets 140

Plant resource costs 120Plasterceiling finish 543wall finish 540

Plasterboardceiling finish 544wall finish 539

Plasterboard facedinternal wall finish 539partitions 537

Plastic coated chain mesh, permanentfencing 368

Plastic waterstops 78Plate flooring, steelwork 250Playgrounds 595Plywoodboarding - roof covering 529

Index 715


floor finishes 342soffit 342wall finishes 342, 540

Polyethylene sheet, waterproof and protectivelayers 286, 413, 426

Polymer, channels and fittings 90Polypropylene, geotextile sheet 175, 412Polythene sheet, waterproof and protectivelayers 329

Polyurethanelacquer decoration 541spray - roof covering 531varnish - painting 326

Portable buildings, plant costs 144Portal frames, steelwork 246Portland whitbedashlar masonry 318, 489copings 318, 489corbels 318, 489keystones 318, 489

Post and rail fencing, permanent fencing 368Post office buildings 580Post-tensioned prestressing 201Powerfloated floor finishes 541floats 127tools 141

Precast concretebeams 204, 470beany block kerb/drainage block 288, 430bench seats 441bollards 441cable tiles 445channels 287, 429copings 205crib walling 72, 417deckings 205drop kerbs 287, 429edgings 287, 429Ellis Trief safety kerb 287, 430flat roofs - average unit costs 527gullies 238, 397kerb quadrants 287, 429kerbs 80, 287, 429large bore pipes 214lighting bracket arms 443lighting columns 443linings to tunnels 305manhole rings 68, 231, 388, 398manholes 231, 388, 605paving blocks 290, 434

paving flags 290, 434pipes 213porous pipes BS 5911 213prestressed pretensioned beams 204rectangular culverts 71road gulley 238, 397road lighting columns 443Safeticurb channels 287, 429slabs 205sleepers 299

Preformed segmental linings, tunnels 306Preliminaries and general items 31, 147, 361Preparation of surfaces, prior tolandscaping 177, 493

Pressure grouting 307Prestressed concretedecking 205post-tensioned 201pretensioned beams 204, 470

Price adjustment 556Pricing the tender, outline of the tendering andestimating process 8

Professional indemnity insurance, preliminariesand general items 39

Profit and oncosts 552Programme of Activities, worked example 41Protectionboard 332coatings 476pipework 242steelwork 476

Provision and placing of concreteaccess shaft linings 305bases 468bases to manholes 228, 386benching to manholes 228, 385blinding 228, 386, 468manholes 228, 386, 398slabs 285surrounds to manholes 228, 386suspended slabs 468suspended slabs to manholes 228, 386tunnel linings 305walls 468

Public liability insurance 39Pumps, plant costs 138Purlins, steelwork 246Purpose and content of book 1PVC-Udrain fittings 113drain pipes 113

716 Index


drainage above ground 337drainage below ground 221gutters 530marker tape 446perforated pipes 221pipes 221rainwater pipes 530subsoil drainage 117Ultrarib pipes 224waterstops 78

Quantities check, outline of the tendering andestimating process 7

Quarries, drilling and blasting rock 184Quarry productsbasic material prices 93dot class material 93

Quays 580

Rail trackaverage unit costs 297Decauville track 302foundations 298permanent way 297possession costs 297standard gauge tracklaying 301supplying 299

sundries 301tables and memoranda 697taking up 298

Railway stations 579Rainwater goodsgutters 336, 530pipes 336, 530

Raise level of lid, water stop tap boxes 396Rebates and chasescommon brickwork 309engineering brickwork 313facing brickwork 311

Reconstituted stone walls 317, 488Red tinted sand asphalt, waterproofingstructures 479

Redundant drainsgrout drains and sewers 396seal chambers 396seal road gullies 396

Reflectorised, traffic signs 291Reinforced concreteexternal walls 534floors 526

internal walls 538staircases 532

Reinforcementaccessories 85basic material prices 59fabric 59, 197, 286, 425, 474fixing (outputs) 602high yield steel bars 196, 473labour gang allowances 198mild steel bars 195, 473stainless steel bars 196, 473tables and memoranda 642tying wire 60weights 642

Reinstatement of pavements 397Removalpipework and services 364road markings 295, 440services 162

Render, wall finishes 536, 540Reservoirs 580Resourcesbasic material prices 58labour costs 51plant 120

Retaining walls, approximate estimates 584Risk/opportunity, oncosts and profit 552Roadapproximate estimates 586average unit costs 283bridgeworks 585constructionbitumen macadam 284, 424bituminous spray 285, 427coated chippings 284, 427cold asphalt 284, 425concrete 285, 425dense bitumen macadam 283, 424dense tar surfacing 284, 425dense tarmacadam 284, 424rolled asphalt 284, 425slurry sealing 284, 427

forms 139lightingapproximate estimates 591cable feeder pillars 447concrete cable tiles 446excavating cable trench 445excavation in hard materials 445lighting cable 446lighting cable joints 446

Index 717


lighting cable terminations 446pea gravel filling 446precast concrete bracket arms 443precast concrete columns 443PVC-U marker tape 446re-erect lighting column 444re-erect steel bracket arms 444sand cable bed and cover 446steel bracket arms 443steel columns 444trenches and cabling 446

Road cleaners 125Road markings 439

Roadslabour gang rate 280plant rate 281

Rockbolts 307gabions 337approximate estimates 584

imported fill material 93, 173, 410other than harddisposal 171double handling 174

preparation of filled surfaces 174preparation of surfaces 174removalblasting boulders 184drilling and blasting in open cut 184drilling and blasting in quarry 184drilling and blasting in trench 184drilling rock 184

treatment of filled surfaces 175Rolled asphalt, flexible pavements 284, 425Roller shutter doors 536Rollers, plant costs 132Roofcladdingnon asbestos 527steel profiled 527

concrete 527covering 531aluminium 527, 531asphalt 527bituminous screeds 529boarding 530building paper 528butyl rubber membrane 531clay tiles 530concrete tiles 530epdm membrane 531

felt 526-527, 531glassfibre insulation 529granite chippings 531grp tiles 531high performance felts 531insulation boards 528insulation quilt 528isocrete 'K' screeds 529lightweight screeds 529limestone ballast 528limestone chippings 531membranes 513non asbestos cladding 527plywood boarding 530polystyrene insulation 529polyureth529ane insulation 529polyurethane spray 531reconstructed stone slates 530screeds 529slates 530solar reflective paint 531steel cladding 527timber boarding 530torch on felt 531vapour barrier 528woodfibre insulation 528woodwool slabs 529

deckingaluminium 527galvanized steel 527woodwool 527

lights 528timber construction 527

Rotary drilled boreholesGeotechnical Investigation 74ground investigation 151

Rubble walling, masonry 319, 489Runways, concrete 425

Safeticurb channels, precast concrete 287, 429Safety barrierstensioned beam safety fence 372untensioned beam safety fence 372wire rope safety fence 373

Samples, Geotechnical Investigation 74Sandblasting of steelwork 477cable bed and cover 446drainage below ground 157

Sanitary and disposal installations 545Sanitary fittings

718 Index


fittings 545installation 545

Scaffolding 94, 132, 596Scarify surface, pavements 285, 427Seal chamberschambers 396road gullies 396

Sealing of gaps 482Segmental arches, facing brickwork 311, 487Selected fill, imported fill material 93, 174, 409Septic tanks 97Service ductsclay cable ducts 382reinstatement of pavements 397

Services installations 546Servicing of plant, daywork 567Sewer renovationaverage unit costs 339drainage below ground 338preparation 338renovation 339stabilisation 338

Sheet steel piling 77, 269, 451, 463Shot blastingexternal walls 536plant costs 141steelwork 477

Shrinkage of materials 634Shutters and grilles 537Signs 436Site clearance 161, 363Site visit, outline of the tendering and estimatingprocess 6

Slabformwork (outputs) 603provision and placing of concrete 187, 285, 468

Slate roof coverings 530Sleepersprecast concrete 299timber 299

Slopes and angles 635Slurry sealingflexible pavements 284road construction 427

Soft spots 414drainage below ground 241manholes 395

Softwood, Formwork 98Soilsubsoil 82topsoil 82

Soil and waste pipework 545Soundabsorptive barriers 367reduction quilt under slab 524, 526

Spacing of holes in steel, tables andmemoranda 674

Specification, initial appraisal 5Speed conversions 618Sports pitches 594Sprinkler installation 548Staging, scaffolding 94Stainless Steelbar reinforcement 196, 472entrance screens 537threaded rod 87tying wire 60

Staircasesaverage unit costs 532handrails 533treads and riser finishings 533

Stairways, steelwork 249Standard signsinternally illuminated 438prime costs 437reflectorised 437

Standby generators 546Steelaccess staircases 532angle constants (tables andmemoranda) 661

angles 105beam constants (tables and memoranda) 657beams 104bearing piles 451, 456bearing piles (tables and memoranda) 663bench seats 441bollards 441bracket arms for road lighting 444channels 105channels (tables and memoranda) 660claddingexternal walls 535roof coverings 527

coach screws 258coated corrugated culverts 240column constants (tables andmemoranda) 659

columns 105columns for road lighting 444culverts 71external doors 536

Index 719


flitch plates 258frames to internal doors 538gates 368hollow section 107, 664internal walls 538joists 106joists (tables and memoranda) 660lifting traffic barrier 441nails 100parapets 374pipes and fittings 103roof decking 527section tables (tables and memoranda) 657shear plate connections 258spikes 255straps 257structural 104structural tees (tables and memoranda) 662support arches 307timber connections 258transport charges 110trussed pitched roofs 527tubular piles 459windows 536

Steelworkanchorages 246beams 246, 475blast cleaning 247box girder main members 475bracings 246built-up girders 475cladding rails 246columns 246concrete encased beams 524concrete encased columns 524Durbar flooring 249epoxy painting 247for structures 475frames 475galvanizing 247, 477grit blasting 477handrails 249holding down bolts 246landings 249miscellaneous framing 249open grid flooring 251permanent erection 246plate flooring 250plate girder main members 475portal frames 246priming 247

protective coatings 89protective system 476, 498purlins 246rail track 298rolled section main members 475sand/shot blasting 477site bolts 246stairways 249step irons 399step irons in manholes 84, 228, 386surface preparation 498towers 246trestles 246trial erection 246trusses 246

Step irons 84, 228, 386Stoneexternal walls 535roof covering 530splitters 141

Stoneworkcobble paving 434dry rubble 489granite setts 290, 435reconstituted stone 317, 488rubble walling 319, 489

Stoppers, site equipment 70Storage tanks, plant costs 142Street furnitureapproximate estimates 591bench seats 441bollards 441lifting traffic barrier 441

Stress graded softwood components,woodwork 254

Structural concrete 467average unit costs 186formwork 192in-situ work 186post-tensioned 201precast concrete 204prestressing 201reinforcement 195sundries 192

Subbasesconcrete 424granular material 283, 423hardcore 283, 424pavements 283, 424roads and paving 283, 422wet mix macadam 283, 424

720 Index


Submission of tender, outline of the tenderingand estimating process 9

Subsistence allowancesall-in labour rates 54labour costs 54working rule agreement 53

Subsoildrainage 117soil 82

Substations 580Support and stabilisation of tunnels 307Surface areas of steelwork, tables andmemoranda 657

Surface treatment, pavements 427Surfacing, tables and memoranda 678Surrounds to manholes, provision and placing ofconcrete 228, 386

Suspended slabsaverage unit costs 526concrete waffle 527manholes 386placing of prestressed concrete 191placing of reinforced concrete 191provision and placing of concrete 468

Sweepers, plant costs 125

Tables and memoranda 615Tack coat, bituminous spray 427Tanking, asphalt 330Tanks, covered and uncovered 250Telephone buildingsbuildings 580ducting 550installation 548

Temporaryfencing 368road signs 70works 37, 45, 595

Tender summary, oncosts and profit 554Tensar 75Tensioned beam safety barriers 372Terminal blocks, motorway communications 449Thermal insulation under slabs 524, 527Thermoplastic screed, road markings 293Third party allowances, all-in labour rates 54Threaded rods 87Timberbasic material prices 98bench seats 441boarding roof covering 528chipboard flooring 525

conversion tables 652crib walling 417external doors 536fencing 368floor finishes 541gates and stiles 368roofs 526sleepers 299staircases 532stud partitions 537weights 652windows 536

Time-related chargesconsultant's site requirements 37, 45contractor's site oncosts 33, 42employer's site requirements 37, 45

Tippers, plant costs 135Topsoilpreparation of filled surfaces 175soil 82, 174, 415trimming of filled surfaces 174

Tractors, plant costs 133Traffic signal installations, 296Traffic signals, average unit costs 440Traffic signs and road markingsaverage unit costs 436cones 70electrical work 444marker posts 441signs on gantries, illuminated signs 438special signs 438standard illuminated signs 438standard reflectorised signs 437standard signs 437traffic signals 440

Transformers 140Transport capacities of vehiclescomparative costs of equipment 168tables and memoranda 634

Transport charges, structural steelwork 110Travelling allowanceslabour costs 52, 54working rule agreement 52

Treatmentcompaction of fill 411earthworks 175excavated surfacestrimming earth 170trimming rock 170trimming topsoil 170

Treatment tanks 580

Index 721


Treesaverage unit costs 548guards 179, 494planting 179, 494removal 161stakes 179, 494stump removal 161supports 179, 494tables and memoranda 682

Trench, sheeting 137Trenches and cabling, road lighting 445Trestles, steelwork 246Trial holes, ground investigation 150Trimmingearth 174edges of pavements 285, 427rock 174topsoil 174

Trussed roofssteel 527timber 526

Trusses, steelwork 246Tubular guard railing, pedestrian guardrailing 377

Tunnelsaverage unit costs 304excavation 304in-situ concrete linings 305preformed segmental linings 306support and stabilisation 307

Turflaying imported turf 178, 494supply 82

Turnouts 301Tying wireannealed 60reinforcement 60stainless steel 60

Underpasses 591Untensioned beam safety barrier 335, 372Useful addresses for further information 607Useful formulae 627Utilisation factors, plant costs 121

Value Added Tax 19Valves and penstocks 226Vapour barrier 343, 528Varnish, polyurethane 326Vehicle control barriers 550Vehicle insurance 39

Ventilation installation 546Verynyl strip, road markings 295Vibroreplacement ground stabilisation 158Visqueen, waterproofing 118Void formers 102Voids in materials 635

Walkways 532Wallpaper 540Warehouses 580Waste pipework 545Waterbowsers and storage tanks 142installation 545main 550

Waterproofing 118average unit costs 328, 478pea gravel protective layer 332polythene sheet 329protection board 332sand protective layer 332screed 332sprayed/ brushed 332

Waterstopsbasic material prices 78concrete 200movement joints 482

Wave walls 580WC cubicles 538Weedkiller 493Weights of materialsaggregates 639bar reinforcement 642concrete materials 638drainage 691excavated materials 632fabric reinforcement 643masonry 646metalwork 656paving and surfacing 678ratios of steel reinforcement/mü ofconcrete 643

reinforcement in various buildingelements 644

structural metalwork 656timber 652

Weirs 580Welding sets 140Welfare facilities, daywork 565Wet mix macadam, road subbases 283, 424Widths of drain trenches 691

722 Index


Windows and external doors 344, 536Wire gauges 644Wire rope safety fence safety barriers 335, 373Wooden post and wire temporary fencing 368Woodfibre insulation roof covering 528Woodwool roof deckingaverage unit costs 527ceiling finish 544roof coverings 529

Working hours, labour costs 54Working rule agreement

annual holiday with pay 53basic rates of pay 51bonus payments 52plus rates for conditions 51plus rates for skill 51subsistence allowances 53travelling allowances 52working hours 52

York stone paving 549

Index 723

Documents

Taylor & Francis Not for distributiontandfbis.s3.amazonaws.com/rt-media/pdf/9780415588478/index.pdf · Taylor & Francis Not for distribution steelwork 246, 475 Beany block kerb/drainage