tariel futkaraZe, iaSa Tandilava, mixeil labaZe lazeTis

t. futkaraZe, i. Tandilava, m. labaZe, lazeTis mkvidr qarTvelTa...

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tariel futkaraZe, iaSa Tandilava, mixeil labaZe

lazeTis mkvidr qarTvelTa (lazTa) enobriv-eTnikuri identobis sakiTxebi

lazebi /Wanebi/ erT-erTi Zveli da Zlieri qarTuli Temia,

romelic odiTganve erT-erT wamyvan rols asrulebda saqarTvelos saxelmwifos istoriaSi. lazTa umetesoba amJamad qarTuli saxelmwifos sazRvrebs gareTaa moqceuli, magram metyvelebiT, istoriiTa da kulturiT isini qarTveli eris ganuyofel nawils Seadgenen. tradiciulad, qarTveli mematianeebi lazeTis mTavar qalaqs

- trapizons - `megrelTa sofels” uwodeben, lazeTs ki egrisis nawilad Tvlian. sakuTari saxelebi: lazia, lazeTi nawarmoebia laz- fuZisgan, romlis qarTuli warmomavlobis mtkiceba rTulia; lazi ixsenieba berZnul wyaroebSi, Sesabamisad, laz- SeiZleba berZnuli warmomavlobisa iyos (sakiTxi Semdgom kvlevas iTxovs). termini „`lazika” pirvelad gvxvdeba Zveli romaeli mematianis, arianes (II s.) naSromSi. lazeTSi mcxovrebi sazogadoebis saxelad qarTul, berZnul

Tu sxva wyaroebSi dasturdeba Wani da sani; rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom lazTa Zveli saxeli iyo sani/Wani, romelic berZnuli wyaroebis gavleniT am mosaxleobaSic ki Canacvlda laziT; aqve aRvniSnavT, rom mTieli lazebi TavianT Tavs Wanebs uwodeben; dRemde Wanebad ixsenieben lazebs TurqeTis avtoqToni qarTvelebi (taoelebi, imerxevlebi, maWaxlelebi). WaneTis istoriuli ruka ase gamoiyureba (Sedgenili p.

ingoroyvas mier):

lazeTis didi nawili eklesiurad qarTuli eklesiis

Semadgeneli nawili iyo: saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis


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mopovebis dros xufaTis cixec (Tanamedrove q. oჶi, rizes aRmosavleTiT) da mTeli `klarjeTisa zRvis piri” vaxtang gorgaslis xelSi iyo. p. ingoroyvas cnobiT, V saukuneSi mcxeTis sakaTalikoso

saydars eqvemdebareboda im droisaTvis axladdaarsebuli tamburis saepiskoposoc (p. ingoroyva 1954:377-380, 441-442). mis mier Sedgenil WaneT-lazeTis rukaze (iqve:272) `tamburi, anu hamamaSeni zRvispirisa” mdebareobs; md. furtunas

SesarTavTan, anu dRevandeli q. artaSenis (Turq. Ardeşen)

adgilas. e.i. mcxeTis sakaTalikosos ierarqi, xufaTis (oჶis) garda, mjdara dRevandel q. artaSenSic. mitropoliti anania jafariZec aRniSnavs, rom „vaxtang

gorgasalis dros sazRvari bizantiasa da saqarTvelos Soris

xufaTze ido (hoჶTan//oჶTan - oჶi qalaqia rizesa da trapizons Soris - m. l.), radganac `bolo klarjeTisa zRvispiri” `saqarTveloSi Semodioda” (a. jafariZe 2009:99). dRes istoriuli WaneTi (lazeTi) nawili Sedis

saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi /xelvaCauris r-ni/ da TurqeTis respublikis arTvinis ilSi Semaval raionebSi - xofis, borCxisa da arhavis ilCeebSi, aseve rizes ilis findiklis, ardeSenis, fazarisa da CamlihemSinis ilCeebSi. WaneTSi toponimiisa da mikrotoponimiis udidesi nawili qarTveluria, Tumca, qarTuli rukebisgan gansxvavebiT, oficialur Turqul rukebze amJamad sruliad gamqralia qarTveluri toponimia. lazeTis mkvidr avtoqTon qarTvelTa did nawili saxelmwifo enis garda flobs lazur kiloebs - xofurs (xofur-Cxalurs), viwur-arqabuls da aTinur-arTaSenuls. istoriul lazeTSi qarTveli mecnierebi da studentebi

bolo dromde ver SevdiodiT. lazeTis soflebis daTvaliereba da aq mecnieruli eqspediciebi amJamindeli TurqeTis xelisuflebis mier ar izRudeba. TurqeTis moqalaqeTa nawils ukve daviwyebuli aqvs

istoriuli dedaena da eTnikuradac Turqad miiCnevs Tavs. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom saqarTveloSi - walkis r-nis ramdenime sofelSi, ukrainaSi (yirimSi) cxovroben marTlmadidebluri aRmsareblobis, Turqulenovani lazebi, romlebsac ”urumebsac” eZaxian. saberZneTSi ki arian trapizonis mxridan wasuli berZnulenovani lazebi, romlebic Tavs berZnuli eTnosis Semadgenel nawilad Tvlian. ùrumebis" Turqulenovan metyvelebaSi didi doziTaa Semonaxuli qarTuli enis


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substratuli fena /fonematur struqturaSi e.w. kavkasiuri xSulTa arseboba, mravalricxovani qarTuli leqsika.../. yvela kuTxis lazebs saerTo aqvT eTnografiuli

maxasiaTeblebi, folklori (mag., gadmocemebi Tamar mefis Sesaxeb) da sxv. eTnikur-kulturuli identobis mixedviT, lazTa Soris xuTi

ZiriTadi jgufi SeiZleba gamovyoT: 1. adamianebi, romlebic, ganaTlebisa da informaciis

qonis miuxedavad, ueWvelad Tvlian, rom qarTuli eTnosis ganuyofeli nawilni arian: soflebis sarfis, kvariaTis, gonios, maxos, Warnalis, simoneTis... mkvidri lazebi (saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi); aseve, TurqeTis mkvidri is lazebi, romelTac saTanado informacia aqvT (TurqeTis moqalaqe lazTa Soris amgvarad moazrovne adamianTa ricxvi cotaa). 2. adamianebi, romlebic, Tvlian, rom lazi aris

qarTvelisgan damoukidebeli, magram axlomonaTesave erovneba; isini Tvlian, rom maTi mSobliuri enaa „lazuri. maTi azriT, lazebi da qarTvelebi iseTive axlomonaTesave xalxebia, rogorc magaliTad, rusebi da ukrainelebi, an bulgarelebi da serbebi da a.S. amgvarad azrovnebs TurqeTis moqalaqe lazTa didi nawili. 3. adamianebi, romlebic, Tvlian, rom lazi aris

qarTvelisgan damoukidebeli erovneba; isini Tvlian, rom maTi mSobliuri enaa lazuri, magram lazebi da qarTvelebi ar arian monaTesave erebi; mTel msoflioSi lazebs mxolod da mxolod megrelebi enaTesavebian. anu, isini Tanabrad distancirebulni arian Turqebisganac da qarTvelebisganac (megrelTa gamoklebiT). amgvarad azrovnebs lazTa radikalurad ganwyobili nawili, maT Soris germaniaSi dafuZnebuli organizacia `lazebura". 4. lazuri warmoSobis TurqeTis moqalaqeebi, romlebic

Turquli eTnosis Semadgenel nawilad Tvlian Tavs. amasTan, ara aqvs mniSvneloba imas, floben Tu ara isini romelime lazur kilos: mag., am striqonebis erT-erT avtors 2004 wlis ivlisSi, viwes Temis sof. andravaTSi yofnisas, erT-erTi adgilobrivi lazi, lazurad „umtkicebda, rom lazebi Sua aziidan mosuli Turqebis STamomavlebi arian. 5. lazTa asimilirebuli jgufebi (saxelwodeba pirobiTia):

dResdReobiT cxovroben istoriuli lazeTis (resp. TurqeTis) farglebs gareT - saqarTveloSi (walkis r-nis ramdenime sofelSi), saberZneTSi (gafantulad) da ukrainaSi (yirimSi). maT Soris gamoiyofa ori mTavari jgufi:


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a) urumebi anu berZnul-marTlmadidebluri aRmsareblobis, enobrivad gaTurqebuli lazebi, romlebic Tavs Tvlian berZnebisgan, Turqebisgan da qarTvelebisgan Tanabrad distancirebul eTnikur jgufad, Tumca maT yofiT da materialur kulturaSi, Turqul metyvelebaSi qarTveluri substrati aSkaraa (cxovroben walkis r-nSi da yirimSi); b) `lazoi (mx. r.-Si: lazos)” - berZnul-marTlmadidebluri

aRmsareblobis, enobrivad gaberZnebuli (an gaTurqebuli) lazebi, romlebic Tavs Tvlian berZnuli eTnosis nawilad. maT kulturasa da metyvelebaSi qarTveluri substrati SedarebiT naklebad igrZnoba. lazeTis qarTvelebi, iseve rogorc saerTod, TurqeTis

moqalaqe sxva qarTvelebi, kargad erkvevian osmaleTisa da TurqeTis istoriaSi da TurqeTis saxelmwifos didi patriotebic arian; amave dros, maT sustad ician TavianTi winaprebis istoria, Sesabamisad, naklebi informacia aqvT sakuTari eTnikuri Tu lingvokulturuli identobis Sesaxeb. istoriul qarTul kulturasTan lazeTis qarTvelTa didi

nawilis /TurqeTis saxelmwifoebriv velSi darCenili lazebis/ gaucxoebas sami ZiriTadi mizezi aqvs: - mwiri obieqturi informacia TavianTi warsulis Sesaxeb; - saliteraturo qarTuli enis arcodnisa gamo lazur

kiloebsa da saliteraturo qarTuls Soris gagebinebis mniSvnelovnad gaZneleba (sainteresoa, rom gagebineba gaZnelebulia TviT lazur kiloTa - mag., xofursa da aTinur-arTaSenuls Sorisac); - religiuri msoflaRqma (zogi lazisTvis muslimanoba

èTnikuri" identobis mTavari ganmsazRvrelia). aqve aRvniSnavT: aqauri musulmani qarTvelebisTvis ukve

TiTqmis ucxoa regionSi arsebuli qristianuli Zeglebi (oxvameebi); Tumca ufrosi Taoba xSirad adasturebs, rom isini megrelebis, anu `qristiani lazebis” aSenebulia. Sdr., bolSevikebis batonobis mcire periodSi saqarTvelos

centralur regionebSic ki: guriaSi, imereTSi, qarTlSi... xalxi gauucxovda qristianul eklesiebs. religiuri Tavisuflebis Tema faqizia, amitom ar

vapirebT am mimarTulebiT msjelobis gagrZelebas. sxva konteqsti aqvs ganaTlebisa da informaciis miRebis

Tavisuflebas: obieqturi istoriuli cnobebi yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomi

unda iyos; kerZod, yvela adamians aqvs ufleba, icodes sakuTari eTnikuri, enobrivi Tu erovnuli warsuli. bolo dros, TurqeTis qarTvelebSi ufro meti interesi

Cndeba TavianTi eTnikuri istoriisa da kulturis Sesaxeb.


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amave dros isini, garkveulwilad, distanciurad uyureben realur istorias, vinaidan, xvdebian, rom maTi winaprebis istoria gadajaWvulia qristianobasTan - amJamad maTTvis ucxo religiasTan. gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis Suaxanebidan TurqeTSi

gareSe ZalTa aSkara waqezebiT daiwyo lazebis e.w. `TviTgamorkvevis” procesis marTva, romlis mTavari mizani iyo TviTgamorkvevis mosurne lazebis dezorientireba; isini cdiloben, lazebs Caagonon, rom: lazi ar aris arc Turqi da arc aris qarTveli. maTi aqtiurobiT lazi aqtivistebis erTma nawilma (romelic gamoscemda Jurnals ògni sqani nena" (`Seigne Seni ena") mkveTrad antiqarTuli pozicia daikava, rac gamowveuli iyo rogorc gareSe Zalebis zemoqmedebiT, aseve imiTac, rom Tavad sabWoTa enaTmecnierul skolaSi gabatonebuli iyo mcdari da, rac mTavaria, qarTveli eris enobrivi erTianobis sawinaaRmdego e.w. oTxi qarTveluri enis Teoria. bolo periodSi Tanamedrove turistuli bumiT gamowveuli

urTierTobebis, sainterneto aqtiuri kavSirebisa da sxva faqtorebis gamo yvelasTvis gaizarda obieqturi informaciis miRebis perspeqtiva, Sesabamisad, gaizarda eTnikuri meobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebis raodenobac; Sedegad, lazeTSi mcxovreb avtoqTon qarTvelTa mier sakuTari eTnikuri identobis gaazrebaSi axali etapi iwyeba, Tumca, istoriuli lazeTis `Turqul" nawilSi jerjerobiT mainc didia im individTa procenti, romlebic ver axdenen identificirebas zogadqarTul samwignobro enasTan da kulturasTan. sakiTxis istoriisaTvis aRvniSnavT: lazeTis Sesaxeb informacia didi xnis ganmavlobaSi tabui-

rebuli, gasaidumloebuli da miuwvdomeli iyo; mag., bevrma ar icoda, rom 1908-1915 wlebSi lazeTSi arsebobda qarTuli erovnuli mimarTulebis mqone dajgufebebi, e.w. `komitetebi”, romlebic iaraRiT xelSi ibrZodnen saqarTvelos erTianobisa

da damoukideblobisaTvis (ix.http://www.kvirispalitra.ge/history/10000-qansanerobaq-1915-1920.html?add=1). am `komitetebis” wevrTa umete-sobis vinaoba cnobilia. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos I mso-flio omis dros sazRvargareTis qarTuli saTvistomos mon-domebiT Seqmnili `Tamar mefis legioni” (1915-1917), romlis mebrZolTa 90%-s swored lazebi Seadgendnen. xsenebuli le-gionis wevrebma SemdgomSic ganagrZes brZola imisaTvis, rom lazeTi mTlianad SeerTeboda saqarTvelos pirvel respublikas, TumcaRa 1921 wlis ruseT-TurqeTis antiqarTuli SeTqmulebis


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gamo, maTma Tavganwirulma brZolam sasurveli Sedegi ver ga-moiRo. vfiqrobT, lazTa enobriv-eTnikur identobaze saubrisas,

aucilebelia, mimovixiloT 1915-1930 wlebSi lazeTSi mimdinare movlenebi, raTa cxadi gaxdes, Tu rogori iyo im droisaTvis am kuTxis mkvidr qarTvelTa erovnuli xedva. lazTa umravlesoba maSin ibrZoda imisaTvis, rom yofiliyvnen qarTuli saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi; roca es brZola 1921 wels damarcxebiT dasrulda, cocxlad darCenil mebrZolTa umravlesobam Tavi mainc saqarTvelos (oRond ukve `gawiTlebuls”)Seafara, magram aq im dros yvelaferi rusebis xelT iyo da rusebi ki arafriT iyvnen Turqebze ukeTesni _ komunisturma xelisuflebam 1927-1952 wlebSi, yofili osmaleTis qveSevrdomi lazebi (romelTa didi umravlesobac, rogorc iTqva, Tavis droze lazeTSi moqmedi qarTuli erovnuli mimarTulebis mqone organizaciebis wevri iyo), an TurqeTis xelisuflebas gadasca, an cimbirsa Tu Sua aziaSi gadaasaxla. yvelaferi ki imiT daiwyo, rom 1914 wels, germaniaSi

Seqmnili `saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetis” sruluflebiani warmomadgeneli leo kereseliZe berlinidan stambolSi Cavida da iq saidumlo molaparakebebi gamarTa sulTnis karTan. imave wels, rodesac osmaleTi omSi oficialurad Caeba germaniisa da avstria-ungreTis mxareze, am qveynis mTavarsardlis movaleobis Semsrulebelma, samxedro ministrma enver faSam gamosca sagangebo firmani, romlis Tanaxmadac osmaleTis armiaSi unda Seqmniliyo qarTuli qvedanayofi, `Tamar mefis legioni” (enver faSas es firmani dRes TurqeTis saxelmwifo samxedro arqivSi inaxeba). `saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetisa” da osmaleTis

umaRlesi sardlobis SeTanxmebiT, brZolaSi qarTuli legioni Tavisi almiT ebmeboda - es iyo wiTel-Savi alami. legions sakuTari formac hqonda da ordenic, romelzec gamosaxuli iyo Tamar mefe, qarTuli warweriT: `qarTuli legioni 1915”.

Tamar mefis ordeni, 1915 w.


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qarTuli qvedanayofis Seqmnis paralelurad, osmaleTis

teritoriaze ganlagda aseve `saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetis” filialebi. maTgan erTi - lazeTis patara qalaq viweSi (dRevandeli saxelia findikli), romelsac daerqva `saqarTvelos damoukideblobis lazeTis komiteti”. imdroindel osmaleTSi, rogorc wesi, lazistanis sanjayis

mosaxleebs regularul jarSi ar iwvevdnen, Tumca omianobis dros iqaurebi valdebulni iyvnen, sakuTari SeiaraRebiT da cxenebiT gamosuliyvnen sulTnis dasacavad. lazebis saxalxo laSqars osmaleTis xelisufleba ZiriTad Semtev Zalad, an dapyrobil regionebSi sadamsjelo razmebad iyenebda. qarTuli legionis Seqmnis Semdeg lazebis umetesoba

moxalised Caewera mis SemadgenlobaSi. amiT maT ufleba miecaT, TavianT mxareSi darCeniliyvnen, radganac, enver-faSas firmanis Tanaxmad, qarTuli legioni mxolod kavkasiis frontze unda gamoeyenebinaT. amdenad, viweSi Seqmnili `komiteti” swored meomrad gamosadegi xalxis SemokrebiT iyo dainteresebuli. komitetis wevrebis movaleobas Seadgenda aseve ruseTidan gamoqceul qarTvelTa, an qarTvel samxedro tyveTa erTad Sekreba da legionSi Caricxva.

viwes `damoukideblobis komitetis wevrebi”, 1914 w.

viweSi `damoukideblobis komitets” xelmZRvanelobda vinme

beso Wyonia - 1907 wels guriidan lazeTSi gamoqceuli yofili firali, xelobiT mWedeli. mas lazebi ùsta besos”, anu òstat besos” eZaxdnen. beso WyoniasTan erTad, am


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komitets osmaleTis moqalaqe ori lazic - mesud feilevanoRli da hafiz bibinoRli edga saTaveSi.

mesud feilevanoRli

komitets lazistanis sanjayis yvela dasaxlebul punqtSi

hyavda Tavisi warmomadgenlebi: xofaSi - Sefik-aRa klarjioRli, arqabSi - mustafa TibukoRli, arTaSenSi - jelal gurjioRli da sxvani. sxvaTa Soris, eseni yvelani adre cnobili firalebi iyvnen da, rom ara `damoukideblobis komiteti”, osmaleTis Jandarmeria maT devnas Tavs ar daanebebda (ix.: m. labaZe, 2010).

sur.4: `qarTuli legioni” trapizonSi, 1915 wlis dasawyisi


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sur. 5: `qarTuli legionis” wevrebi q. samsunSi, 1915 w.

I msoflio omis dasrulebis Semdgom, rodesac saqarTvelos

pirveli respublika Seiqmna, lazeTSi `qarTuli legionis” yofilma wevrebma aqtiurad iwyes brZola saqarTvelos respublikasTan SesaerTeblad; 1920 wels, rodesac baTumis olqi (romelSic Sedioda lazeTis nawili sarfidan limanamde) sabolood SemouerTda saqarTvelos, xofaSi, arqabSi, viwesa da aTina-arTaSenSi patriotTa erTma nawilma, mamud qvaxuloRlis meTaurobiT, xelisufleba xelSi Caigdo da scada mierTeboda saqarTvelos, Tumca maSindeli saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobis zewoliT, oficialurma tfilisma ver gabeda lazeTis mTlianad SemoerTeba (ix. m. labaZe 2010). 1921 wlis Teberval-martSi ki lazeTi TiTqmis mTlianad,

TurqeTis respublikis kontrolqveS aRmoCnda. saqarTvelosTan SeerTebis mosurne patriotebis didi nawili brZolebSi ganadgurda, mcire nawili ki iatakqveSeTSi gadavida, mere ki ukve `gawiTlebul” saqarTvelos ssr-Si gamoiqca. bolSevikebi maT Tavidan xelgaSlilad Seegebnen, TavSesafaric misces, magram amavdroulad, saidumlod SeuTanxmdnen TurqeTs, rom devnilebs saqarTvelos ssr-Si ar gaaCerebdnen. osmaleTis yofili qveSevrdomebis saqarTvelodan gasaxleba

sabWoTa xelisuflebam pirvelad 20-iani wlebis SuaxanebSi scada _ maSin, TurqeTis mesveurebTan saidumlo SeTanxmebiT, qarTul portebSi Semovida Turquli xomaldebi. oficialurad ise gamocxadda, TiTqosda maT `samSobloSi"


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unda gadaeyvanaT yofili osmaleTis imperiis is qveSevrdomebi, visac amis survili eqneboda, magram sinamdvileSi Turqul xomaldebze Cekistebma xalxi ZaliT arekes. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom pirvel rigSi, ase moeqcnen imaT, vinc 1915-1920 wlebSi `saqarTvelos damoukideblobis lazeTis komitetis” wevri iyo da, Tavis droze, saqarTvelos damoukideblobisTvis iaraRiT xelSi ibrZoda. `damoukideblobis komitetis” yofili wevrebis mcire

nawilma sarwmuno wyaroebidan Seityo, rasac upirebdnen maT da, rogorc SeeZlo, Tavs uSvela: zRvispireTs moscilda da saqarTvelos Sida kuTxeebSi gadaixvewa, saxeli da gvaric Seicvala da warsulis gadaviwyebac ki scada. TumcaRa, sabWoTa moqalaqeobis armqone lazTa umetesobam CaTrevas mainc Cayola amjobina da TurqeTSi wasvlaze daTanxmda. sxvaTa Soris, imasac vityviT, rom aTaTurqi am xalxs rusebze samarTlianad moeqca _ misi brZanebiT, deportirebulebis warsuli sagangebod gamoiZies da, vinc raime kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebaSi SemCneuli ar aRmoCnda, Turquli pasporti uproblemod misces. raRa Tqma unda, Turqebis mxriv es garkveuli diplomatiuri svla iyo _ aTaTurqi Sors ixedeboda da sabWoTa kavSiridan deportirebulTa gulis mogebiT, qarTvel muslimanTa Soris, gavlenis mopovebas fiqrobda. mogvianebiT (1927 w) stalinma sxva politika airCia: man

osmaleTis yofil qveSevrdomebs TurqeTSi gadasvla saerTod aukrZala; metic _ gamkacrda kontroli sabWoTa kavSir-TurqeTis sazRvris saqarTvelos monakveTze. sabWoTa kavSirSi darCenil osmaleTis yvela yofil qveSevrdoms dauriges sabWoTa pasporti, oCamCireSi ki sagangebod Seiqmna kolmeurneoba `mWiTa lazistani” (`wiTeli lazeTi”), romelSic am xalxis umetesoba gaaerTianes. is lazebi, romlebic sabWoTa xelisuflebam `xalxis

mtrebis” siaSi Seiyvana, amaod cdilobdnen samarTali rusul-komunisturi xelisuflebis pirobebSic epovaT; sanimuSod, mokled warmovadgenT ramdenime lazis istorias: osman alis Ze demuroRli TurqeTSi dabadebuli lazi iyo,

igi dedasTan da meuRlesTan erTad 1922 wels gadmovida TurqeTidan saqarTveloSi da ojaxTan erTad sofel mirvaTSi dasaxlda. Tumca mas sul ramdenime welSi apatimreben, mxolod imitom, rom TurqeTidan mama orjer estumra. osman demuroRlis dakiTxvis oqmSi vkitxulobT: `me saqarTveloSi sacxovreblad dedasTan da colTan

erTad 1922 wels gadmovedi. Cemi mSoblebi erTmaneTs rom gaeyarnen, gaWirvebul mdgomareobaSi aRmovCndiT da amitomac gadavwyviteT sabWoTa kavSirSi gadmosvla. sazRvari ise


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gadmovlaxeT, aravis araferi ukiTxavs. osman diasamiZesTan davsaxldiT sofel mirvaTSi, romelmac miwa momca dasamuSaveblad”. osman alis Ze demuroRli 1938 wels daapatimres da aTi

wliT gadasaxleba miusajes (saqarTvelos Sss arqivi, (I), fondi #6, saqme #3809-07, furc. 10). aTi wliT gadaasaxles aseve, karamustafaoRli xusein omaris

Ze, romelic TurqeTidan saqarTveloSi 1921 wels gadmovida da oCamCireSi ojaxTan erTad dasaxlda. Tumca manamde, 1920 wels, osmaleTis armiis StabSi (anu `qarTul legionSi” _ bunebrivia, komunistebis SiSiT, amas CvenebaSi ver miuTiTebda) is mwerlad msaxurobda, rac saboloo jamSi, 1938 wels misi dapatimrebisa da gadasaxlebis sababi gaxda (saqarTvelos Sss arqivi, (I), fondi #6, saqme #37301-07, furc. 17). kidev erTi lazis _ zia ibrahimoRlis dapatimrebis

oficialuri mizezi is iyo, rom sabWoTa kavSirSi dasaxlebis Semdeg, igi TurqeTSi imyofeboda ojaxis wevrebis mosanaxuleblad da ramdenimejer stumrobda TurqeTis sakonsulos. `qarTuli legionis” yofili wevri zia ibrahimoRli (ix. z. batiaSvili, 2008: 123) saqarTvelos teritoriaze 1922 wels gadmovida da baTumSi cxovrobda, aqve daojaxda da kolmeurneobaSi muSaobda. `sabWoTa kavSirSi gadavwyvite wamosvla, radgan Zalian didi

siRaribeSi miwevda cxovreba. mamis gardacvalebis Semdeg invalidi deda da mcirewlovani da-Zma damrCa. me gadmovedi sabWoTa kavSirSi da daviwye muSaoba. SeveCvie aqaur situacias da ojaxs movekide. TurqeTze fiqriTac ki aRar mifiqria” _ aRniSnavda Tavis dakiTxvis oqmSi zia ibrahimoRli (saqarTvelos Sss arqivi, (I), fondi #6, saqme #3809-07, furc. 8). im droisaTvis, osmaleTis yofil qveSevrdom lazTa saqmeebi

cnobil afxaz revolucioners da partiul moRvawes _ nestor lakobas ebara, romelic lavrenti berias dauZinebeli mteri iyo. lakoba afxazeTidan aZevebda yvelas, vinc qarTulad azrovnebda da, aqedan gamomdinare, afxazuri separatizmisaTvis xelis SeSla SeeZlo. bunebrivia, im lazebsac, romlebic uwin qarTuli erovnuli mimarTulebis organizaciaTa wevrebi iyvnen, lakoba mtrebad Tvlida. 1935-1937 wlebSi lavrenti beriam nestor lakoba farul

omSi sastikad daamarcxa _ afxazi lideri, romelic separatistuli ganwyobiT imTaviTve gamoirCeoda, xelisuflebas CamoaSores, daapatimres da daxvrites. ra Tqma unda, TiTqmis yvela saqme, rasac lakoba kurirebda, Sewyda.


218

1949 wlis 12 marts, sabWoTa kavSiris Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma, sergei kruglovma xeli moawera sagangebo brZanebas, romlis Tanaxmadac yofili osmaleTis imperiis yvela qveSevrdomi berZnebi, Turqebi, iranelebi, daSnakebi, romelsac sabWoTa moqalaqeoba an ar hqonda, an 1921 wlidan hqonda miRebuli, cimbirsa da Sua aziaSi gasaxlebas eqvemdebareboda; am brZanebaSi miTiTebuli ar iyvnen lazebi, magram isinic gaasaxles. dauzustebeli informaciiT, saqarTvelos ssr-dan gasaxlebas

daeqvemdebara sul 10 aTasamde kaci. gasaxlebis ZiriTadi mizezi iyo braldeba `sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi mtrulad ganwyobil saxelmwifoTa mxardaWera da SefarviT jaSuSoba”.

gadasaxlebulebi cimbirSi

niSandoblivia: gasaxlebulTa umravlesobas Seadgendnen afxazeTSi mcxovrebi proqarTuli orientaciis lazebi. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom es xalxi dokumentebSi aRnusxes, rogorc `Turqebi” an `muslimanebi” (afxazeTis lazebi warmatebiT ewinaaRmdegebodnen afxazur separatizmsac). lazebis qarTuli identobis dasaviwyeblad sriozuli

nabijebi idgmeboda TurqeTSic, sadac sxva gza iqna arCeuli: niWier lazebs samxedro xaziT awinaurebdnen da xelisuflebis ertgulebis fasad did samoRvaweo asparezss aZlevdnen... dRes arsebiTi aRar aris saxelmwifo sazRvrebis Tema;

ufro aqtualuria, rom mocemulma sazogadoebam icodes Tavisi realuri istoria. saerTaSoriso samecniero Tu sainformacio velSi Sejerebuli obieqturi kvlevebis Sedegebis xelmisawvdomoba yvela sazogadoebas Seuwyobs xels, realizeba mouxdinos Tavis uflebas, icodes sakuTari enobriv-eTnikuri warsuli. amave dros, obieqturi kvlevebis Sedegebis misawvdomoba gazrdis xalxebs Soris urTierTpativiscemas da, rac, Cveni azriT, aranakleb arsebiTia, yoveli


219

sazogadoebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki avtoqToni eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis, Seqmnis obieqturi TviTaRqmisa da enobriv-eTnikuri meobis gadarCenis myar safuZvels.

damowmebuli literatura:

z. batiaSvili, 2008 - z. batiaSvili, qarTvelebi osmaluri periodis trapizonSi, Tb., 2008; p. ingoroyva, 1954 - p.ingoroyva, giorgi merCule, Tb., 1954. m. labaZe 2010 - http://www.kvirispalitra.ge/history/11962‐ansaneroba‐

1915‐1920.html; t. futkaraZe, 2005 - t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi, nawili I, Tb., 2005; s. yauxCiSvili, 1976 - berZeni mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelosSesaxeb, I, Tb., 1947; iv. javaxiSvili, 1967 - iv. javaxiSvili TxzulebaTa Tormettomeuli, tomi I, Tb., 1967; a.jafariZe, 2009 - mitropoliti anania jafariZe, konstantinopolis sapatriarqos lazikis eparqia,

Jurn.`sveticxoveli”, 2009, #1;

О. Гаркавець, 1999 - Олександр Гаркавець, Уруми Надазов’я, Алма-ата, 1999. Tariel Putkaradze, Iasha Tandilava, Mikheil Labadze

Linguistic-ethnic Identity Issues of Lazeti Georgian Inhabitants

Lazians /Chanians/ is one of the oldest Georgian communities playing the leading role in the Georgian history science the ancient times. Despite the fact that at present the majority of Lazians live beyond the Georgian borders, they represent an inseparable part of our country with their speech, history and culture.

Large part of Lazeti belonged to Georgian church: when the Georgian church was granted autocephaly, the Khupati Castle (present day Ofi, in the east of Rize) and the whole ‘coast of Klarjeti’ was under the rule of the king Vakhtang Gorgasali.

Nowadays, a part of historical Chaneti (Lazeti) is situated within the Georgian territory /Khelvachauri region/ and Artvini regions belong to the Republic of Turkey including Hopa, Borçka and Arhavi ils (provinces). Also, some Rize provinces: Fındıklı, Ardeşen, Pazar and Çamlıhemşin ils. The


majority of Chanian toponyms and micro-toponyms are Georgian. However, unlike Georgian maps, Georgian toponyms are totally vanished from the official Turkish maps. The majority of Lazeti indigenous Georgian inhabitants possess Lazian dialects apart from their state language. These dialects are: Khopian (Khopian-Chkhalian), Vitsur-Arkabian and Atinian-Artashenian.

There can be named five major groups of Lazians according to their ethno-cultural identity:

1. People who regard themselves as inseparable part of Georgian ethnicity despite their education and lack of information. These are the citizens of Georgia, inhabitants of the following villages: Sarpi, Kvariati, Gonio, Makho, Charnali. Simoneti and the inhabitants of Turkey who have appropriate information (the number of such thinkers among Lazians who are citizens of Turkey is quite few).

2. People who regard Lazian nationality as separate and different from Georgian nationality. They think that their native language is Lazian. They believe that Lazians and Georgians are kindred nations like, for instance, Russians and Ukrainians or Bulgarians and Serbians, etc.’

3. People who regard Lazian as independent from Georgian ethnicity. They think that their native language is Lazian but Lazians and Georgians are not kindred nations; Only Megrelians are kindred with Lazians. Thus, they are at equal distance from Turks as well as from Georgians (with exception of Megrelians). This is the viewpoint of radically disposed Lazians including ‘Lazebura’ – an organization founded in Germany.

4. The citizens of Turkey with Lazian origins who regard themselves as a part of Turkish nationality regardless the fact whether they know or not any Lazian dialects. For instance: In 2004, during his visit in Vitse community, the village of Andravati, the author of these lines witnessed how one local of Lazeti claimed that Lazians are the descendants of the Turks coming from the Middle Asia.

5. Assimilated groups of Lazians (the title is conditional): nowadays they live beyond the borders of historical Lazeti (the Republic of Turkey) – in Georgia (several villages of Tsalka region), in Greece (dispersed) and in Ukraine (the Crimea). There can be distinguished two major groups:

a) Urums i.e. Greek-orthodox Lazian who became linguistically Turkish and who place themselves at equal distance from Greeks, Turks and Georgians. However, Georgian substrate in evident in their everyday lives and material culture, Turkish speech (they live in Tsalka region and the Crimea).

b) Lazoi (‘Lazos’ in literature) –Greek-orthodox Lazians who became Greeks (or Turks) and regard themselves as a part of Greek ethnicity. The Georgian substrate is less evident in their culture and speech.

Recently there has been revealed more interest of Turkish Georgians in their ethnic history and culture. At the same time, real history is viewed from a distance by these people as they realize the interconnection of the history of their ancestors and the Christianity –the religion they are not aware of at present.


The issues concerning state borders are no longer essential at present. It is more important to raise the awareness of the society about their real history. The accessibility to objective researches conducted in the international scientific and informational fields will enable the societies to use their right to know more about their own linguistic-ethnic past. Besides, the accessibility to the objective researches will encourage the respect of all the societies towards each other which, in our opinion, is very important for every society, particularly for the indigenous ethnic minorities. This will create firm basis for the survival of objective self-identification and linguistic-ethnic identity.

danarTi: nacionaluri politikis damaxinjeba pativcemulo amxanago redaqtoro! gana vinme daeWvdeba imaSi, rom lazebi qarTvelTa tomisani

arian da maTi ena da anbani qarTulia! es xom udavo WeSmaritebaa, razedac uZvelesi drois ucxo

tomebis mweralTa da qarTvel swavlulTa garda evropis uaxloesi drois swavlulnic mogviTxroben (orientalisti diubua de monpere, lenormani, langloo, maspero da sxv.). isini pirdapir acxadeben, rom lazebi qarTuli tomisa arian da maTi ena da anbani qarTulia. amasve amtkicebs brokhauzi da misi ènciklopediuri leqsikoni", sadac lazebi qarTvel tomebad arian aRiarebulni. mTeli lazistani anu WaneTi imyofeba TurqeTis

teritoriaze, mxolod baTumidan 18 kilometris manZilze - zRvis pirad mdebare sofeli sarfis naxevaria sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze. am soflis dawyebiT skolaSi mimdinare saswavlo wels

SemoiRes pirvel or klasSi lazur enaze swavleba. es Zalian kargi saqmea. magram saqme imaSia, rom lazebs Tavisi, qarTuli anbanis

magivrad daubeWdes laTinuri anbaniT dawerili saxelmZRvanelo viwur-arqabulis kilokavisa, vinme isqender WitaSis mier Sedgenili, rac lazur enaze swavlebas didad aZnelebs da xelovnurad abrkolebs. am "saxelmZRvaneloSi" uamravi asoebi, rogoricaa w, W, Z, y

da sxva, isqender WitaSs TviTonve dauxatavs da daudgenia, rom imas daerqvas w, amas - W, amas - y, amas - Z da a.S. ra saWiroa yvelaferi es, roca lazebs Tavisi, qarTuli

anbani aqvT? vsvam kiTxvas - ra saWiroa lazuri sityvebis axlandeli,

Turquli laTinizebuli anbaniT wera, miT umetes, roca Semdeg klasebSi swavla mimdinareobs qarTul anbaniT, qarTul enaze? visTvisaa es saWiro?


roca ase saRad, leninur-stalinurad daayena sakiTxi sarfis skolis gamgem, is samuSaodan moxsnes. akademikosma niko marma lazuri wignebi qarTuli anbaniT

dawera, radganac es aris qarTvel tomTa anbanio. ai, amas amtkicebda skolis gamgec! sabWoTa kavSiris uamravma erebma TavianTi nacionaluri

kulturis ganviTarebisTvis SemoiRes laTinuri anbani. es mizanSewonilia im erebisaTvis, magaliTad TurqebisTvis, TaTrebisaTvis, romlebic Zveli anbanis Seswavlas sam-oTx weliwads undebodnen. me piradad, Zveli Turquli anbaniT wera-kiTxvis Seswavlas

mTeli sami weliwadi movandome. am xalxebs laTinuri anbanis SemoReba aramarto uadvilebs

wera-kiTxvis male Seswavlas, aramed didad aadvilebs sityvebis sworad gamoTqmasac. magram lazebze es ar iTqmis. Turquli laTinizebuli

anbani maT xelovnurad uZnelebs lazuri enis Seswavlas. maT ufro advili anbani aqvT, maTi kulturis, maTi enis gamomxatveli, e.i. qarTuli anbani. sulTanis osmaleTis barbarosebi, romlebmac lazebisaTvis

lazuri ena uarhyves da lazebs sakuTari ena, qarTuli wera-kiTxva SeaZules, unergavdnen maT maxinj Sexedulebas, rom isini Turqebi arian da maTi anbanic arabulia da ara qarTuli. CvenTvis naTelia, Tu raSi gamoixateboda maTi Savrazmuli mizani. amave mosazrebebiT moqmedebs albaT, lazur skolebSi

laTinuri, e.i. axlandeli Turquli anbanis SemoRebis avtori, isqender WitaSi. sof. sarfis skolaSi pirvel or wels lazur enaze

swavlebisaTvis laTinuri anbanis SemoRebis sakiTxis garkvevaSi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis saenaTmecniero kaTedram aqtiuri monawileoba unda miiRos, radgan mas moepoveba am sakiTxis sworad gadaWris utyuari sabuTebi. saWiroa, saTanado organoebma Sesaferi zomebi miiRon

leninur-stalinuri nacionaluri politikis dammaxinjebelTa winaaRmdeg. lazi axmed TanToRli saq. industriuli institutis studenti. (werili gadmobeWdilia gazeT `komunistis" 1937 wlis 28

ivlisis nomridan)

Documents

tariel futkaraZe, iaSa Tandilava, mixeil labaZe lazeTis