Kartveluri Memkvidreoba XIII Tariel Putkaradze

tariel futkaraZe

I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefosI-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefosI-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefosI-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefosI-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos

dasavleTi nawilidasavleTi nawilidasavleTi nawilidasavleTi nawilidasavleTi nawili

(egrisi, suaneTi; margveTi, argueTi...)(egrisi, suaneTi; margveTi, argueTi...)(egrisi, suaneTi; margveTi, argueTi...)(egrisi, suaneTi; margveTi, argueTi...)(egrisi, suaneTi; margveTi, argueTi...)

lingvokulturuli TvalsazrisiTlingvokulturuli TvalsazrisiTlingvokulturuli TvalsazrisiTlingvokulturuli TvalsazrisiTlingvokulturuli TvalsazrisiT

("qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT)("qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT)("qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT)("qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT)("qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT)

qarTvelTa istoriuli sacxovrisi - kavkasionis strategiuligadasasvlelebisa da evraziuli gzajvaredinebis mqone saqarTvelo- uZvelesi droidan dRemde did geopolitikur moTamaSeTadapirispirebis obieqtia.

II-I aTaswleulebSi gareSe mtrebTan brZolis procesSiqarTveluri tomebis konsolidaciiT ramdenime samefo warmoiqmna.qarTvel mematianeTa cnobiT, Zv.w. IV-III saukuneebisTvis ukvemwignobruli kulturis mqone erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifoarsebobs, romlis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mxarea egrisi1.

Tavdapirvelad qarTvelebs (maT Soris egrisis mkvidrTac)swamdaT erTi RmerTi; Semdeg dakarges ra rwmena, "yovelni qarTvelni"

1 warmodgenil naSromSi ufro vrclad ganvixilavT IV-VI saukuneebissaqarTvelos, amitom aq fragmentulad warmovadgenT qarTvel mematianeTaTvalsazriss qarTlis saxelmwifos dasavleTi nawilis - dasavleT saqarTvelos- saerisTavoebis adgilisa da rolis Sesaxeb ax.w. III saukunemde:qarTlis cxovrebis” mixedviT (1955, gv. 5, 19-20), aleqsandre makedonelispartikis - azonis - samefoSi egrisic/eguric (didi egrisi - dasavleTsaqarTvelo yubanis SesarTavamde) Sedioda. farnavazma berZnebisgan damoukidebelisaxelmwifo (qarTli) Seqmna, romelSic ar Sevida egrisis Crdilo-dasavleTinawili (RaliZgidan yubanamde), romlis mkvidri qarTvelebi nebayofilobiTdarCnen beZnebis imperiis xelqveiTebad. mematianis mier qarTlis saxelmwifosdasavleTi nawili ramdenime saerisTavodaa warmodgenili (gv. 24-25):a. margvi/margveTi - rionis samxreTi mxare mesxeTis mTebamde lixis qedidanSav zRvamdeSav zRvamdeSav zRvamdeSav zRvamdeSav zRvamde (guria, vani-baRdadi-zemo imereTi); b. egrisi (mcire egrisi) dasuaneTi - rionis CrdiloeTi mxare egriswylamde (Tanamedrove RaliZgamde)kavkasionidan Sav zRvamdeSav zRvamdeSav zRvamdeSav zRvamdeSav zRvamde (amJamindeli svaneTi, raWa-leCxumi, wyaltubo-xoni-samtredia, samegrelo, afxazeTi RaliZgamde); g. oZrxis saerisTavo, romlisnawilia aWara (goderZis uReltexilidan - Sav zRvamde); Sav zRvamde); Sav zRvamde); Sav zRvamde); Sav zRvamde); d. klarjeTi -----arsianidan - Sav zRvamde Sav zRvamde Sav zRvamde Sav zRvamde Sav zRvamde (savaraudod, rizemde; Sdr., amave wyaros cnobiT,trapizoni megrelTa sofelia). SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, rom yvela amsaerisTavos hqonda Sav zRvazeSav zRvazeSav zRvazeSav zRvazeSav zRvaze gasasvleli.farnavazidan - asfaguramde qarTlSi mefobdnen farnavazianni (q.c. 1955, gv.59). welTaRricxvaTa mijnaze qarTlis mefe iyo bartomi, romelsac Ze arhyavda; mas araqarTveli ar surda memkvidred, amitom Zed da memkvidredgamoacxada egrisis yvelaze cnobili erisTavis (qujis) SviliSvili - qarTami,romelsac colad misca Tavisi qaliSvili. adre gardacvlili qarTamis Svili- aderki gaxda qarTlis me-10 mefe. “da aman aderki daipyra (gamefda! - t.f.)queyana qarTli da egrisi” (q.c. 1955, gv. 35).qarTlSi “aderkis mefobasa Sina movides aTormetTa wmida mociqulTaganniandria da svimon kananeli afxazeTs da egriss. mun aResrula wmida svimonkananeli qalqsa nikofsiisasa, sazRvarsa berZenTasa... xolo andria moaqcivnamegrelni (gv. 38). iqve warmodgenil CanarTSi mematiane ambobs, rom andriameklesia aaSena qarTlis sofel did aWaraSi; aSkaraa, rom mematianisTvissofeli did aWaraa Sedis egrisSi, egrisis mxare/xevi ki - qarTlis saxelmwifoSi(gv. 39); egrisis/aWaris moqcevis Semdeg andria gadmovida oZrxeSi, kerZodsamcxeSi, sadac monaTla mesxni (gv. 41); Semdeg mociqulma monaTla tao,klarjeTi da svaneTi (gv. 38-42).

"iqmnes msaxur mzisa da mTovarisa da varskulavTa xuTTa, damtkice da ufro saficari maTi iyo saflavi qarTlosisi"2.

saqarTveloSi Semoxiznuli veluri tomebis gavleniT Zv.w.pirveli aTaswleulis Sua periodSi "yovelTa qarTvelTac" "ipyressjuli uborotesi". aleqsandre didis dros qarTvelebi isevdaubrundnen "mzis, mTovarisa da xuTi varskulavis" pativiscemas"da hmsaxurobdnen RmerTsa uxilavsa, dambadebelsa yovelisasa".azom SemoiRo gacisa da gaimis kerpebi; farnavazma ki armazis kerpigamoacxada gacsa da gaimze aRmatebulad; logikuri Cans varaudi,rom armazma daikava xaldis adgili3.

"qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT, qarTlma - qarTvelTa samefom- I-VI saukuneebSic mravali brZola da krizisi gadaitana;paralelurad, xSiri iyo politikuri Tu religiuri orientirebiscvaleba; kerZod, aRsaniSnavia:

• imdroindeli ori didi imperiis - romisa da iranis -dapirispireba erTmaneTTan saqarTvelos gamo;

• berZnebis daxmarebiT qarTvelebis brZola sparselebTan;• sparselebis daxmarebiT qarTvelebis brZola berZnebTan;• sparselebisa da berZnebis daxmarebiT qarTvelebis brZola

Crdiloel barbaros tomebTan• 532 wels sparseTma da bizantiam "saukunis zaviT" gaiyves

saqarTvelo (aRmosavleT saqarTvelo darCa sparseTs). es zavidairRva 542 wels. 562 wels sxva zavi gaformda iransa dabizantias Soris, romliTac isev gaiyves saqarTvelo, kavkasionisgadasasvlelebis gamagreba ki erToblivad dagegmes (bizantia30 000 oqros maneTs uxdida irans kavkasiis ureltexilebisgadasasvlelad). momdevno zaviT (591 w.) daarsda qarTlis saerisTavo;qujis STamomavali aderki megrelebs ganurisxda sjulis datevebis gamo (gv.42); andrias “mSvidobiT gantevebis gamo” mefem Serisxa klarjeTis erisTavic(gv. 42). qarTvel mematianeTa cnobiT, mogvianebiT andriam isev ganamtkicamegrelni da afxazni (gv. 43). savaraudod, swored amitomac “qarTlis cxovrebis”avtorebi sagangebod aRar laparakobs wmida ninos mier dasavleT saqarTvelosmonaTvlaze. aderkma Tavisi samefo Svilebs gaunawila samarTavad; kerZod:bartoms: qalaqi mcxeTa da Sida qarTli, anu mtkvris CrdiloeTi qarTli:“hereTidan vidre Tavamde qarTlisa da egrisisa (oZrxec am mefis sakuTrebaiyo)”; qarTams: qalaqi armazi da mtkvris samxreTi nawili: xunaniTgan vidreTavamde mtkurisa, da klarjeTi yoveli (gv. 43). gayofili qarTli gaaerTianafarsman III (qvelma), romelic ar ar emorCileboda arc romsa da arc sparseTs(imperatorma antonius piusma mas Zegli daugda sicocxleSive, xolo sparselebmamuxanaTurad mowamles da mokles). farsmanis mokvlis Semdeg sparselebmaqarTlis erTi nawilis mefed dasves mirdati, meore nawili ki Tavad daikavesda mis mmarTvelad “dauteves erisTavi armazs” (gv. 53). farsman qvelis Zem -adamma - megrTa, berZenTa da somexTa daxmarebiT daamarcxa sparselebi, gandevnamirdati da isev gaaerTiana qarTli (gv. 53-54).2“qarTlis cxovrebis” am monakveTSi, saerTod, eTnaq “qarTlos” daSifrulixom ar aris RvTaeba qarTi/xaldi/qarTu, anu TeSubiTeSubiTeSubiTeSubiTeSubi? Sdr., erTmaneTs hgavsuZveles xaTur-xuritul velSi arsebuli kerpi “TeSubi” (cis, elva-quxilis,sicocxlis momcemi wvimis RvTaeba) - qorbuda iremze Semjdari mamakaci daurartuelTa Tu kavkasielTa mTavari RvTaeba - xaldi (lomze Semjdari mamakaci).Sdr., mamais kultis xati: lomze Semjdari wmindani. TeSubis msgavsi funqciaaqvs armazsac: “RmerTi - soflis mpyrobeli, mzisa momfeneli, wóimisa momcemelida queynisa naSobTa gamomzrdeli...” (qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, gv. 106).3 xaldis kultisa da sasanuri zoroastrizmis talRis Sesaxeb masalismimoxilvisaTvis ix., z.k.gamsaxurdia, “adreqristianuli qarTlis kulturulimozaika”, tb., 1995, gv. 21-23.

I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili...

bizantia-iranis SeTanxmebiT, pirveli erismTavari gaxda stefanozI - guaramis Svili. am zaviT qarTli isev Suaze gaiyo, magram masmainc stefanozi marTavda (g. alasania, 2008, gv. 81).

Sdr., politikuri orientirebis cvlilebebi aisaxebodareligiur mimdinareobebzec:

V saukunis dasawyisSi berZnebis mier cixegojamde teritoriisdapyrobis gamo qarTvelebi did glovaSi arian da acxadeben, romisjebian urwmunobis gamo; marTlac, am dros qarTlSi sparsulireligiuri orientaciaa, xolo gorgasalis mefobis pirvel naxevarSireligiuri orxelisuflebianobaa; ori episkoposia: qristiani damazdeani. Semdeg gorgasalisve karze ori qristianuli mimdinareobaCans dapirispirebuli: samoel episkoposisa da petre kaTalikosisa(petre somexTa ganmanaTleblis, grigolis mowafea; a. jafariZe,1976, gv. 163); Sdr., samoeli akurTxes konstantinepolSi, petreki - antioqiaSi (12 episkoposTan erTad).

506 wels sparseTis iniciativiT da somxeTis organizebiTCatarda dvinis saerTokavkasiuri kreba, sadac somxeTis, saqarTvelosada albaneTis eklesiebma miiRes zenonis henotikoni, romelicSemrigebluri dokumenti iyo diofizitobasa da monofizitobas4

Soris (a. jafariZe, 1976, gv. 379). saqarTvelos 33 episkoposidamam krebas eswreboda 24 qarTveli episkoposi.

VI saukunis dasasrulsa da VII saukunis pirvel naxevarSiramdenime arsebiTi movlena moxda:

1. qarTlSi gaimarjva diofizitobam, romelsac mxars uWerdabizantia (monofizitobas mxars uWerdnen sparselebi);

2. 608 wels qarTvelebi da somxebi ganiyvnen eklesiurad(somxebi monofizitebi gaxdnen);

3. 614 wels sparselebma Tbilisidan gaaZeves qarTliskaTalikosi kirioni; kironma Tavi Seafara egriss, ramdenadac isamave dros iyo egrisis arqiepiskoposi5. amis Semdeg mcire xniTdasavleT saqarTveloSi batonobdnen berZnebi; aRmosavleTSi sparsuliorientaciis qristianobis gabatoneba daiwyo; marTlmadideblobassulze mouswres asurelma mamebma da diofizitobas gaamarjvebines6.maleve, irakli keisarma aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic daamarcxasparselebi da misda uneburad amierkavkasiisken gza gauxsna axaldampyroblebs - arabebs.

qarTvel mematianeTa cnobiT, "yovelTa qarTvelTa" saxelmwifo- istoriuli qarTli -istoriuli qarTli -istoriuli qarTli -istoriuli qarTli -istoriuli qarTli - Zv.w. IV saukunidan ax. w. VI saukunemde

4 monofizitoba warmoiSva aleqsandriaSi V saukunis Sua periodSi (es axalimimdinareba dagmo qalkedonis krebam 451 wels). .5 epistoleTa wigni (z. aleqsiZis redaqciiT), 1968, gv. 197-198.6 Sdr., v. goilaZe, asurel mamaTa samSoblo da saqarTvelo, Tb., 2002, gv. 151-156: asureli mamebi qarTlSi movidnen iovane zedaznelis winamZRolobiTdaaxloebiT 534 wels. “asurel mamaTa mosvla qarTlSi diofizitobis poziciebisgamyarebas emsaxureboda. amitom iqnen miCneulni isini “"ganmanaTleblad qarTlisa”da “ganmwmendelad rjulisa”; amave dros, bizantiis imperator iustinianesada qarTlis mefe farsmanis mxridan es iyo saxelmwifo RonisZieba”.

t. futkaraZe

(da Semdgomac) moicavs dRevandeli saqarTvelos teritorias datao-klarjeTis saxeliT cnobil istoriul samxreT-dasavleTsaqarTvelos (lazeTi rizemde mainc, nigali, SavSeT-imerxevi, eruSeTi,orive tao, speri). ax.w. V saukunemde qarTlis Crdilo-dasavleTiCrdilo-dasavleTiCrdilo-dasavleTiCrdilo-dasavleTiCrdilo-dasavleTisazRvarisazRvarisazRvarisazRvarisazRvari iyo mdinare RaliZga,RaliZga,RaliZga,RaliZga,RaliZga, xolo V saukuneSi vaxtanggorgasalma berZnebisgan legitimurad (colis mziTvis saxiT) miiRoteritoria RaliZgidan klisuramde.

qarTuli saistorio tradicia aseve gveubneba, rom am periodissaqarTveloSi qarTvelebs erTi dedaena hqondaT,qarTvelebs erTi dedaena hqondaT,qarTvelebs erTi dedaena hqondaT,qarTvelebs erTi dedaena hqondaT,qarTvelebs erTi dedaena hqondaT, romelicamave dros iyo qarTlis (istoriuli saqarTvelos) sazRvrebSisaxelmwifo da saeklesio ena.

qarTuli wyaroebis tradiciuli xedvis sapirispirod, XXsaukunis istorikosTa didi nawilis (iv. javaxiSvilis, s. janaSia,g. meliqiSvili, n. lomouris, d. musxeliSvilis da sxvaTa) azriT,uZvelesi droidan vidre XI saukunemde qarTlis qarTlis qarTlis qarTlis qarTlis samefoSi arSedioda amJamindeli dasavleTi saqarTvelo - Zveli egrisiZveli egrisiZveli egrisiZveli egrisiZveli egrisi;Sdr., mag., n. lomouri, 1970,n. lomouri, 1970,n. lomouri, 1970,n. lomouri, 1970,n. lomouri, 1970, gv. 159, 165: "IV saukuneSidasavleT saqarTvelos centralur raionSi mdebare lazTa lazTa lazTa lazTa lazTa(egrisis) samefo (egrisis) samefo (egrisis) samefo (egrisis) samefo (egrisis) samefo Semdgom gaZlierebas aRwevs... egrisis samefosgaZlierebis maCvenebelia, upirveles yovlisa, misi teritoriuligafarToeba... IV saukunis miwurulisTvis dasavleT saqarTvelogaerTianebulia lazebis (egrisis) samefos mier.

zemoT dasaxelebul avtorebs didi Rvawli aqvT gaweuliqarTuli istoriografiisTvis; maTdami didi pativiscemis miuxedavadunda aRvniSno, rom uZvelesi droidan ax.w. VI saukunemde egrisisa egrisisa egrisisa egrisisa egrisisada qarTlis, rogorc ori damoukidebeli samefos da qarTlis, rogorc ori damoukidebeli samefos da qarTlis, rogorc ori damoukidebeli samefos da qarTlis, rogorc ori damoukidebeli samefos da qarTlis, rogorc ori damoukidebeli samefos arsebobisdamadasturebeli arc erTi sarwmuno argumenti ar aris warmodgenili;mag., IV saukunis viTarebis aRwerisas am sakiTxebze sagangebodmomuSave n. lomoursa da d. musxeliSvils ZiriTadad damowmebuliaqvT VI saukunis moRvawis - prokopi kesarielis cnobebi7

(msjelobisaTvis ix. qvemoT). ismis kiTxva:ramdenad logikuria, rom VI saukunis dasawyisSiVI saukunis dasawyisSiVI saukunis dasawyisSiVI saukunis dasawyisSiVI saukunis dasawyisSi

dabadebuli da kavkasiisgan Sors myofi prokopisdabadebuli da kavkasiisgan Sors myofi prokopisdabadebuli da kavkasiisgan Sors myofi prokopisdabadebuli da kavkasiisgan Sors myofi prokopisdabadebuli da kavkasiisgan Sors myofi prokopiswinaaRmdegobrivi cnobebis mixedviTwinaaRmdegobrivi cnobebis mixedviTwinaaRmdegobrivi cnobebis mixedviTwinaaRmdegobrivi cnobebis mixedviTwinaaRmdegobrivi cnobebis mixedviT88888 "davasabuToT" IV saukunissaqarTvelos ambebi? kerZod, quTaisi-noqalaqevis zona gamovacxadoT

7Sdr., berZen avtorebs rig SemTxvevaSi saintereso cnobebi mohyavT, magram arSeiZleba am cnobebis ganzogadeba sxva drosa da situaciaze; mag., V saukunisanonimi avtoris azriT, mdinare fazisi saTaves iRebs armeniisarmeniisarmeniisarmeniisarmeniis mTebidanmTebidanmTebidanmTebidanmTebidan;mis SesarTavTanaa miletelTa elinuri qalaqi fazisi (sadac Tavs iyrian 60enaze molaparake tomebi); amave mdinarezea qalaqi aia, saidanac iyo medea(georgika, t. 2 gv. 4-5). armeniis mTebTan mxolod Woroxis saTaveebis lokalizebaSeiZleba; ramdenad logikuria Woroxis SesarTavTan qalaq fazisis daSveba?8bizantia-sparseTis omebi prokopi kesarielis mier aRwerilia VI saukunisSua periodSi. aqve aRvniSnav, rom erT-erT yvelaze sando istorikosadmiCneulma prokopi kesarielma orgvari istoria dawera: oficialuri - iustinianessaqebari da araoficialuri - iustinianes salanZRavi; Tavad wers, rom Tavisoficialur nawerebSi iustinianes xedva rom ar gaataros, moklavenmoklavenmoklavenmoklavenmoklaven; ix.georgika, II, gv. 40-42.

I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTi nawili

IV saukunis egrisis e.w. samefos centralur regionad? am fonzeramdenad gamarTlebulia IV saukunis saqarTvelos - wmida ninosada mirianis epoqis (!) - Sesaxeb "qarTlis cxovrebis" Tanamimdevrulicnobebis ignorireba (romlebic ZiriTadad TviTmxilvelTa cnobebseyrdnoba)?

sanimuSod gavaanalizoT d. musxeliSvilis erTi citata (2004,gv.100):

"IV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, rodesac konstantine pirvelmaromis imperia oTx prefeqturad gahyo, egrisi, savaraudia,aRmosavleTis prefeqturis - polemonis pontos provinciaSi Sedioda,romelic, Tavis mxriv, pontos diocezispontos diocezispontos diocezispontos diocezispontos diocezis Semadgeneli nawiliiyo".

Sdr., sapirispiro cnobaa qarTul wyaroSisapirispiro cnobaa qarTul wyaroSisapirispiro cnobaa qarTul wyaroSisapirispiro cnobaa qarTul wyaroSisapirispiro cnobaa qarTul wyaroSi ("qarTliscxovreba", 1955, gv. 70): "da mefobda mirian mun qarTls, rans,hereTs, da movakans. da aqunda egrisica vidre egris wylamdeaqunda egrisica vidre egris wylamdeaqunda egrisica vidre egris wylamdeaqunda egrisica vidre egris wylamdeaqunda egrisica vidre egris wylamde(RaliZgamde: oCamCiris CaTvliT - t.f.)".

"qarTlis cxovrebas" (da ara d. musxeliSvilis daskvnas)uWers mxars Tanamedrove saberZneTSi Seqmnili "romis imperiisrukac", romlis mixedviT IV saukunis bizantiis imperiis sazRvari,Sesabamisad, saeklesio sazRvaric rizemde (an goniomde) Tu aRwevs;Sdr., polemonis pontos provinciis sazRvrebi (am SemTxveevaSiCrdilo-aRmosavleTi sazRvari goniomde aRwevs)9:

rogorc cnobilia, I-IV msoflio krebebis mixedviT saeklesiosazRvrebi unda emTxveodes saxelmwifos sazRvrebs; Sesabamisad,logikuria daskvna, rom adreul periodSi da Semdegac qarTuliadreul periodSi da Semdegac qarTuliadreul periodSi da Semdegac qarTuliadreul periodSi da Semdegac qarTuliadreul periodSi da Semdegac qarTulieklesiieklesiieklesiieklesiieklesiis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda qarTlis samefoss iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda qarTlis samefoss iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda qarTlis samefoss iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda qarTlis samefoss iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda qarTlis samefossazRvrebSisazRvrebSisazRvrebSisazRvrebSisazRvrebSi10.....

9http://www.google.ge/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pontus.png/250px-Pontus.png&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontus&usg=__d_HNhsaFgLkzZZZQ3Cy9pTmZKeE=&h=200&w=250&sz=64&hl=ka&start=9&tbnid=BUBW7HIU3qH-GM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpontus%2Bpolemoniacus,%2Bmap,%2BIV%26hl%3Dka%26newwindow%3D110 msjelobisaTvis ix., mitropoliti anania jafariZe, 1976; mitropoliti anania jafariZe,2003.

t. futkaraZe

qarTlis sazRvrebis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa somxuriwyaroebi, romlebzec yuradRebas amaxvileben vaxuSti bagrationi,ivane javaxiSvili da mitropoliti anania jafariZe; kerZod, hohannessomexTa kaTalikosis VI saukunis Sua wlebis epistolis mixedviT,tao-klarjeTi qarTlis eklesiis samwysoa, xolo somexTa istorikosisioane kaTalikosis cnobiT, kvirioni, winandeli wesis Tanaxmad,qarTvelTa gugarelTa da megrelTaqarTvelTa gugarelTa da megrelTaqarTvelTa gugarelTa da megrelTaqarTvelTa gugarelTa da megrelTaqarTvelTa gugarelTa da megrelTa arqiepiskoposad iqnaxeldasxmuli11.

sxva ucxuri da qarTuli cnobebis SepirispirebiTi analizisaSualebas iZleva vTqvaT, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi vidreklisuramde (soxumamde) saeklesio da saxelmwifo ena iyo qarTuli12,xolo afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Seqmnis Semdeg (IX s.) klisuradannikofsiamde teritoraze arsebul eklesiebSic qarTulad daiwyowirva-locva13. ufro saintereso isaa, romufro saintereso isaa, romufro saintereso isaa, romufro saintereso isaa, romufro saintereso isaa, rom am gaerTianebisdros mcxeTis eklesiis mier afxazeTis sakaTolikoso samarTavadgadaeca dasavleT saqarTvelos centraluri nawilis eparqiebi(manamde biWvinTeli kaTalikosi iuridiulad akontrolobda mxolodklisurasklisurasklisurasklisurasklisuras CrdiloeT mxares); saeklesio mamaTa am SorsgaTvlilinabijiT faqtobrivad gaqarTulda tradiciuli biWvinTisfaqtobrivad gaqarTulda tradiciuli biWvinTisfaqtobrivad gaqarTulda tradiciuli biWvinTisfaqtobrivad gaqarTulda tradiciuli biWvinTisfaqtobrivad gaqarTulda tradiciuli biWvinTiseklesiac.eklesiac.eklesiac.eklesiac.eklesiac. eklesiis gaerTianebam safuZveli moamzada didisaqarTvelos aRorZinebisTvis.

kidev erTi sayuradRebo faqti:VI-VIII saukuneebSi biWvinTis velSi dasturdeba berZnulenovani

epigrafikuli masala (masalisa da literaturis mimoxilvisaTvisix. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, 1973, gv. 182), xolo quTaisisVII saukunis saydarze - qarTulenovani warwera "gabrieli" (o. lanCava,2007, gv. 151).

dasavleT saqarTvelos mcxovrebTa dedaenis Sesaxeb uTuodsayuradReboa prokopi kesarielis msjelobac quTaisisquTaisisquTaisisquTaisisquTaisis saxelis

11 iv. javaxiSvili, 1979, gv. 340-242; a. jafariZe, 1976, gv. 330, 361.12 Sdr., garkveulwilad Suleduri poziciaa gamoxatuli b. diasamiZis 2001 wlismonografiaSi (2001, gv. 64, 233): "egrisis samefoSi Tavidanve saxelmwifo-sakancelarioena iyo adgilobrivi, zanuri, an misi ganayofi ena - qarTuli. xolo RvTismsaxurebisena V saukunidan mainc iyo qarTuli ena. IV saukunis 20-ian wlebSi, ise rogorcqarTlSi, egrisSic qristianoba saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda. amiT oriveoriveoriveoriveoriveqarTulma saxelmwifomqarTulma saxelmwifomqarTulma saxelmwifomqarTulma saxelmwifomqarTulma saxelmwifom sabolood gamokveTa Tavisi politikuri da religiuriorientacia". 2009 wlis naSromSi "saeklesio enis sakiTxi adreSuasaukuneebis egrisSi"(quTaisuri saubrebi-XII, 2009, gv. 34) ki ufro argumentirebulia Semdegi mosazreba:"egrisSi saxelmwifo da saeklesio-RvTismsaxurebis ena iyo qarTuli""egrisSi saxelmwifo da saeklesio-RvTismsaxurebis ena iyo qarTuli""egrisSi saxelmwifo da saeklesio-RvTismsaxurebis ena iyo qarTuli""egrisSi saxelmwifo da saeklesio-RvTismsaxurebis ena iyo qarTuli""egrisSi saxelmwifo da saeklesio-RvTismsaxurebis ena iyo qarTuli".13 safiqrebelia, rom VII saukunis meore naxevridan IX saukunis bolomde dasavleTsaqarTvelos did nawils eklesiurad konstantinepolis sapatriarqo akontrolebs.IX saukunis dasasruls antioqiis saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebiT, afxazeTisafxazeTisafxazeTisafxazeTisafxazeTissakaTolikososakaTolikososakaTolikososakaTolikososakaTolikoso gamoeyo konstantinepolis sapatriarqos, romelic xatmebrZolobiscodvaSi iyo Cafluli. afxazeTis eklesiam jer ufleba miiRo mcxeTidan waeRomironi, Semdeg ki afxazeTis kaTalikosma nebayofilobiT miiRo umrwmesis (umcrosis)statusi mcxeTis kaTalikosTan SedarebiT (msjelobisa da literaturis mimoxilvisaTvisix.: a. jafariZe, 2003, gv. 60; g, mWedliZe, m. kezevaZe, gv. 31-45). Sdr.: manamdeafxazeTma damoukidebloba moipova bizantiisgan (VIII saukunis miwuruls).


Sesaxeb: bizantiisa da sparseTis mier 532 wels saqarTvelosganawilebis Semdeg bizantiam garkveuli droiT gaafarTova lazikissazRvrebi da mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelo daikava. am periodisquTaisis mosaxleobis enaze prokopi kesarieli wers: lazebma berZnuliena ar ician, amitom amaxinjeben da kotiaionskotiaionskotiaionskotiaionskotiaions quTaTiss/qoTaissquTaTiss/qoTaissquTaTiss/qoTaissquTaTiss/qoTaissquTaTiss/qoTaisseZaxian (georgika, 1965, gv.195). cnobilia, rom megrul-Wanurikiloebis mixedviT quTaisi aris quTeSi.quTeSi.quTeSi.quTeSi.quTeSi. gamomdinare aqedan,prokopis dros "lazTa" - dasavleT saqarTvelos mkvidrTalazTa" - dasavleT saqarTvelos mkvidrTalazTa" - dasavleT saqarTvelos mkvidrTalazTa" - dasavleT saqarTvelos mkvidrTalazTa" - dasavleT saqarTvelos mkvidrTa- istoriuli dedaenac da ZiriTadi saurTierTo-saxelmwifo- istoriuli dedaenac da ZiriTadi saurTierTo-saxelmwifo- istoriuli dedaenac da ZiriTadi saurTierTo-saxelmwifo- istoriuli dedaenac da ZiriTadi saurTierTo-saxelmwifo- istoriuli dedaenac da ZiriTadi saurTierTo-saxelmwifo

enac iyo qarTuli ena enac iyo qarTuli ena enac iyo qarTuli ena enac iyo qarTuli ena enac iyo qarTuli ena (msjelobisaTvis vrclad ix. t. futkaraZe,2005, gv. 298-322). aq kidev erTxel aRvniSnav, rom rogorcqarTuli, aseve ucxouri wyaroebis mixedviT, trapizonidan vidreklisuramde mcxovrebTa ZiriTad nawils Seadgenen megrelebi (anuWanebi Tu lazebi), romelTa sacxovrisis didi nawili xan maTimaTimaTimaTimaTimonawileobiT Seqmnili erovnuli saxelmwifosmonawileobiT Seqmnili erovnuli saxelmwifosmonawileobiT Seqmnili erovnuli saxelmwifosmonawileobiT Seqmnili erovnuli saxelmwifosmonawileobiT Seqmnili erovnuli saxelmwifos - qarTlisnawilia, xanac - dampyroblis mier kontrolirdeba (ZiriTadadbizantielebisgan, zogjer - sparselebisganac).

Zv.w. IV da ax. w. VII saukuneebis dasavleT saqarTvelosenobrivi situaciis daxasiaTebis TvalsazrisiT arsebiTi cvlilebaxdeba me-19 saukunis 60-iani wlebidan; kerZod, am periodidanrusul samecniero wreebSirusul samecniero wreebSirusul samecniero wreebSirusul samecniero wreebSirusul samecniero wreebSi Cndeba da mizanmimarTulad aqtiurdebamosazreba, romlis mixedviTac dasavleT saqarTvelos mkvidrniTiTqosda mravali saukunea saubroben qarTulisgan gansxvavebul(qarTulis monaTesave) or Tu oTx sxva damoukidebel enaze14;kerZod: lazebi - lazurad, megrelebi - megrulad, svanebi -svanurad, argveTelebi (zemo imerlebi) - margulad15. msoflioSifarTod vrceldeba am mosazrebis safuZvelze Seqmnili lingvisturi

14 mag., T.T.T.T.T. gamyreliZisagamyreliZisagamyreliZisagamyreliZisagamyreliZisa da v.v.v.v.v. ivanovisivanovisivanovisivanovisivanovis azriT (1984, gv. 880-881), saerToqarTveluriarsebobda daaxloebiT 5 000 wlis win, romelsac svanuri ena 4 000, xolo kolxuriena 3000 wlis win gamoeyo. istoriul xanaSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mkvidriqarTulenovani mosaxleobis mier dasavleT saqarTvelos kolxurenovani mosaxleobiseqspansiis Semdeg Suaze ixliCebian kolxebi da yalibdeba kidev ori ena: megruli dalazuri... bunebaSi ar arsebobs 4000-wliani ena. garda amisa, raime faqtiT Tulogikuri argumentiT ar sabuTdeba qarTveli eris amgvari enobriv-eTnikuri istoria.arada, msgavsma mosazrebebma sabWoTa periodSi safuZveli daudo e.w.e.w.e.w.e.w.e.w. qarTizaciisqarTizaciisqarTizaciisqarTizaciisqarTizaciisTeoriasTeoriasTeoriasTeoriasTeorias. Cveni azriT, ufro logikuri da argumentirebulia mosazreba, romqarTvelTa saerTo dedaenis (qarTulis/qarTveluris) ZiriTadi kuTxuri saxesxvaobebi(svanuri, zanuri, mesxuri, fxovuri Tu sxva qarTveluri kiloebi da ara - "enebi")yalibdeba ax. w. pirvel aTaswleulSi (vrclad ix., t. futkaraZe, 2005; T. gvancelaZe,2006).15. margulismargulismargulismargulismargulis Sesaxeb msjelobisaTvis ix.: ak. SaniZe, 1981: marguli metyveleba "Zveladufro ena unda yofiliyo" (gv.443). 2005 wels gamoqveynebul naSromSi "qarTvelebi"(gv. 192-193) warmovadgineT argumentebi, rom imereTSi qarTulis garda qarTvelTasxva ena ar unda arsebuliyo. Sdr., g. mWedliZis msjeloba: "t. futkaraZe iwunebs n.berZeniSvilis gamoTqmas "qarTi - tomiylapia", rac qarTizacias niSnavda. magram abara iyo is procesi, rasac Sedegad imereT-guriisa da hereTis mosaxleobis miersakuTar enaze metyvelebis dakargva da mxolod qarTulze gadasvlasakuTar enaze metyvelebis dakargva da mxolod qarTulze gadasvlasakuTar enaze metyvelebis dakargva da mxolod qarTulze gadasvlasakuTar enaze metyvelebis dakargva da mxolod qarTulze gadasvlasakuTar enaze metyvelebis dakargva da mxolod qarTulze gadasvlamohyvamohyvamohyvamohyvamohyva" (2008, gv. 62); iqve g. mWedliZe saTanado argumentebis gareSe mainc Tvlis,rom aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eTnikuri nakadisgan dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTizaciaqarTizaciaqarTizaciaqarTizaciaqarTizaciadadasturebuli faqtia (gv. 62-63).

t. futkaraZe

rukebic; aq warmovadgenT prof. i. gipertis erT-erT rukas (TITUSDidactica: Language Map Caucasus: Netscape version)16:

1993-2003 wlebSi Seqmnili am rukis mixedviT, TiTqosdaqarTulenovani sivrce ar iyos: Sida qarTli, samegrelo, afxazeTi,tao-klarjeTi, lazeTi...

qarTveluri enobrivi samyaros amgvari xedvis Sesaxeb CemiTvalsazrisi da argumentebi gamoqveynebulia17; aq kidev erTxelaRvniSnav:

qarTuli saistorio tradiciis, qarTveli sazogado moRvaweebisudidesi nawilisa da Tanamedrove enaTmecnierTa nawilis azriT,qarTvelebs erTi dedaena gvaqvsqarTvelebs erTi dedaena gvaqvsqarTvelebs erTi dedaena gvaqvsqarTvelebs erTi dedaena gvaqvsqarTvelebs erTi dedaena gvaqvs. ramdenime qarTveluri enisTeoria sarwmuno istoriul faqtebsa da damajerebel lingvisturargumentebs ar efuZneba; Sesabamisad, odiTganve dasavleT saqarTveloqarTuli enis (qarTvelTa erovnuli enis) gavrcelebis arealia.

ufro vrclad SevexebiT egrisisaegrisisaegrisisaegrisisaegrisisa (dasavleT saqarTvelos)da qarTlis samefoebis damoukideblad arsebobis sakiTxs.

egrisis damoukideblobis Sesaxeb Tvalsazrisi SeqmniliaqarTvel mematianeTa informaciebis ignorirebiTqarTvel mematianeTa informaciebis ignorirebiTqarTvel mematianeTa informaciebis ignorirebiTqarTvel mematianeTa informaciebis ignorirebiTqarTvel mematianeTa informaciebis ignorirebiT da qarTlisdapyrobis mosurne berZnebis Tu romis imperiis moxeleTa saeWvo(Tu obieqturi) cnobebis adaadekvaturi ganzogadebiTadaadekvaturi ganzogadebiTadaadekvaturi ganzogadebiTadaadekvaturi ganzogadebiTadaadekvaturi ganzogadebiT (ix.qvemoT)18.

16 http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/didact/karten/kauk/kaukasn.htm am da sxva msgavsi rukebiskritikisaTvis ix. t. futkaraZe, 2008; t. futkaraZe, 2009.17 ix. t. futkaraZe, 2005; t. futkaraZe, 2007; t. futkaraZe, 2009...18 berZen mweralTa cnobebis saeWvoobis Sesaxeb s. yauxCiSvilis mosazreba ix. georgika,II, gv. 97-110. ix., agreTve, g. grigolia, 1994, sadac kvalificirebuli msjelobaaberZnuli wyaroebis winaaRmdegobebisa da mdinare fazis-Woroxis Sesaxeb.


sabWoTa istoriografiis mizani ar iyo, mravalricxovaniqarTuli Tu sxvaenovani wyaroebiT dabalansebuliyo berZnul-romauli winaaRmdegobrivi cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb19; Sesabamisad,evropis istoriis amsaxvel Taanamedrove rukebzec (http://www.euratlas.com/summary.htm) saqarTvelos dasavleTi da aRmosavleTinawilebi XIII saukunemde erTmaneTisgan damoukidebel samefoebadaawarmodgenili; Sdr., mag.:

1. evropa I saukuneSi: am rukaze damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebiakolxeTikolxeTikolxeTikolxeTikolxeTi da iberiaiberiaiberiaiberiaiberia (http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/1/index.html):

2. evropa III saukuneSi (http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/300/index.html); rac ar unda daujerebeli iyos, aq damoukidebelisaxelmwifoebia: lazika, kolxeTi da iberia (am da sxva SemTxvevebSimovitanT evropis rukis mxolod samxreT-aRmosavleT nawils):

19 calkeuli qarTveli istorikosebis winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, ruseTis imperiamXIX-XX saukuneebSi SeZlo Seeqmna qarTveli erisa da saqarTvelos danawevrebisfsevdomecnieruli "safuZvlebi" ("gaTiSe da ibatone"). am mxriv dResac yvelazemets akeTeben sazRvargareTidan dafinansebuli politizebuli mecnierebi.

t. futkaraZe

3. evropa IV saukuneSi (http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/400/index.html); aq ukve lazikalazikalazikalazikalazika da iberiaaiberiaaiberiaaiberiaaiberiaa damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebi:

4. evropa V saukuneSi (http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/500/index.html); aqac lazikalazikalazikalazikalazika da iberiaaiberiaaiberiaaiberiaaiberiaa damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebi:


5. evropis XI-XII saukuneebis ruka (http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/1000/index.html), sadac damoukidebel saxelmwifoebadwarmodgenilia didi afxazeTiafxazeTiafxazeTiafxazeTiafxazeTi da patara saqarTvelo saqarTvelo saqarTvelo saqarTvelo saqarTvelo (georgia);

safiqrebelia, rom XI-XII saukuneebis rukebze I-X saukuneebisrukebis qoronim iberia-s Secvla qoronim georgia-Ti SemTxveviTiSemTxveviTiSemTxveviTiSemTxveviTiSemTxveviTiar arisar arisar arisar arisar aris. politizebul mecnierTa erTi nawili dRes cdilobsdaajeros msoflio, rom istoriulad afxazeTi sxvaa, saqarTveloki sxva; rom afxazeTi ar iyo qarTulenovani saxelmwifo (amgvaripaTosiTaa Seqmnili es rukac). sinamdvileSi yvela adrindeliucxouri Tu qarTuli wyaros mixedviT, X-XII saukuneebis afxazeTiqarTvelebis mier Seqmnili qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli qarTulenovanisaxelmwifoa; Sdr., mag.:

uxtanesi uxtanesi uxtanesi uxtanesi uxtanesi (VI s. somexi istorikosi): Savi zRvis pirascxovroben vracebi (qarTvelebi); maT qveyanas afxazeTi hqvia;

xakanixakanixakanixakanixakani (me-12 saukunis Turqulenovani poeti): "am saxeanTebulixuWuWTmiani qalisTvis afxazeTis mcxovrebi gavxdi da qarTuladdaviwye laparaki" da sxv.20

aqve aRvniSnav, rom bolo periodSi saqarTveloSi gamoqveynebulirukebis umravlesobaSic I-VI saukuneebSi saqarTvelos dasavleTida aRmosavleTi nawilebi damatebiTi argumentaciis gareSedamoukidebel samefoebadaa warmodgenili (zogan piriqiT, sazRvrebiuargumentod aris gazrdili); Sdr., mag., m. sanaZe, T. beraZe, k.Tofuria (saqarTvelos istoriuli atlasi, 2003, ruka 8 (qarTulisaxelmwifoebi I-II saukuneebSi):

20 vrclad ix. afxazeTi, Tb., 2008 (qarTuli da rusuli gamocemebi).

t. futkaraZe

dasanani is ufroa, rom "qarTlis cxovrebis" axal gamocemebSi"qarTlis cxovrebis" avtorTa (mematianeTa) cnobebis sapirispiroSinaarsis rukebia CarTuli. mag., axlaxan akad. r. metrevelisredaqtorobiT gamocemul "qarTlis cxovrebis" rusul variantSicaris ruka, romelzec I-IV saukuneebis saqarTvelo daSlilad -qarTlisa da egrisis (/lazikis) or samefod - aris warmodgenilida maT Soris sazRvrad CaTvlilia lixis qedi (r. metreveli,2008, gv. 104-105)21; arada, qarTvel mematianeTa mixedviT, amarada, qarTvel mematianeTa mixedviT, amarada, qarTvel mematianeTa mixedviT, amarada, qarTvel mematianeTa mixedviT, amarada, qarTvel mematianeTa mixedviT, amdros egrisi qarTlis samefos organuli nawilia.dros egrisi qarTlis samefos organuli nawilia.dros egrisi qarTlis samefos organuli nawilia.dros egrisi qarTlis samefos organuli nawilia.dros egrisi qarTlis samefos organuli nawilia.

21 Sdr.: qarTvel mkvlevarTa erTi nawili (d. musxeliSvili, T. beraZe, m. sanaZe...)

samarTlianad Tvlis, rom saqarTvelo erTiani iyo vaxtang gorgaslis dros; Tumca,

maTi azriT, vaxtangma SemoierTa egrisi. sinamdvileSi vaxtangma ukan daibruna

berZnebisgan dapyrobili teritoria cixe-gojidan RaliZgamde da Semoimata qarTuli

miwa-wyali RaliZgidan klisuramde.


naTelia, rom am rukis safuZvelia ara "qarTlis cxovrebis"xedva, aramed naklebargumentirebuli Tvalsazrisi egrisisa daqarTlis damoukidebeli samefoebis arsebobis Sesaxeb22.

Sdr.: damowmebuli rukebisgan radikalurad gansxvavdeba vaxuStibatoniSvilis 1735 wels daxatuli "qarTlis, anu saqarTvelos,iberiis georgiannis" rukebi (vaxuSti bagrationi, saqarTvelosatlasi, Tb., 1997, gv. 2, 23-25), mitropolit anania jafariZis1996 wels, xolo manana SeyilaZis mier 2004 wels Seqmnilirukebi, romlebic asaxaven "qarTlis cxovrebis" xedvas (ramdenimeaspeqti aqac dasazustebelia). gTavazobT mitropolit ananiajafariZisa da manana SeyilaZis rukebs:

mitropoliti ananias ruka (dabeWdilia 1996 wels gamoqveynebulwignSi "saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria", Sigayda):

m. SeyilaZe ("saqarTvelos istoriuli atlasi, Tb., 2004, gv.5; IV-VI saukuneebis qarTli (aq erTiani saqarTvelos samefoSidausabuTebladaa Setanili klisura-biWvinTis mxarec da akliateritoria goniodan aTinamde):

22 wesiT, "qarTlis cxovrebis" teqstSi CarTuli unda iyos am istoriuli Zeglis

mixedviT Seqmnili ruka.

t. futkaraZe

miuxedavad "qarTlis cxovrebis" mravalsaukunovani tradiciisa,Tanamedrove (XXI saukunis) qarTvel istorikosTa umravlesobacratomRac brmad iziarebs mosazrebas saukuneebis manZilze egrisisaegrisisaegrisisaegrisisaegrisisada qarTlisqarTlisqarTlisqarTlisqarTlis samefoebis sxvadasxvaobebis Sesaxeb23. araiSviaTad,mcdari daskvnebis safuZvelia gaumarTlebeli terminologiurigaumarTlebeli terminologiurigaumarTlebeli terminologiurigaumarTlebeli terminologiurigaumarTlebeli terminologiuriaRrevebiaRrevebiaRrevebiaRrevebiaRrevebi; mag., me-20 saukuneSi ratomRac sinonimebad gamocxadda,erTi mxriv, terminebi: "kolxeTi", "lazika", "egrisi", meore mxrivki: "qarTli", "iberia"; Tanac, sxvadasxva politikur-saxelmwifoebrivisivrcis aRmniSvnel am terminTagan upiratesoba mieniWa berZnul-romaul gaazrebebs; Sdr.:

"qarTlis cxovrebiseuli" qoronimi qarTliqarTliqarTliqarTliqarTli aRmosavleTsaqarTvelos garda moicavs: egriss, margveTs, taos, klarjeTs,afxazeTs; berZnuli warmoSobis qoronimi iberiaiberiaiberiaiberiaiberia ki, strabonismixedviT, mxolod aRmosavleTi saqarTveloa. Sdr., zog evropulwyaroSi iberia sruliad saqarTvelosac gulisxmobs (masalisanalizisaTvis vrclad ix.: a. jafariZe, 1996, gv. 86-92; t. futkaraZe,2005, gv. 93-96, 103-108, 186-200).

aucilebelia politikuri koniunqturis gaTvaliswineba: Sdr.,mag., dRes, 2009 wels, SeuZlebelia sinonimebad gamovacxadoTruseTis politikuri elitisgan gamoyenebuli termini gruziagruziagruziagruziagruzia daamerikelebisa Tu qarTvelebisgan gamoyenebuli terminebi: georgiageorgiageorgiageorgiageorgiada saqarTvelosaqarTvelosaqarTvelosaqarTvelosaqarTvelo: rusebi "gruziaSi" aRar moiazreben afxazeTs.

ori terminis sinonimad miCnevaori terminis sinonimad miCnevaori terminis sinonimad miCnevaori terminis sinonimad miCnevaori terminis sinonimad miCneva mxolod im SemTxvevaSiaSesaZlebeli, Tuki mocemuli sityvaformebiT (aRmniSvneliT) erTida igive obieqti (aRsaniSni) aris aRniSnuli. mocemul SemTxvevaSisafuZveli ara gvaqvs sinonimebad gamovacxadoT terminebi: egrisiegrisiegrisiegrisiegrisida lazika, lazika, lazika, lazika, lazika, ramdenadac maTi semantikuri plani sxvadasxvaa; Sdr.:

- ucxouri warmoSobis sityvaforma lazikalazikalazikalazikalazika aRniSnavsbizantiisgan dapyrobil teritorias (qarTvelTa sacxovriss,romelsac bizantiis imperiis morCili moxele marTavs).

23kerZod, ruseTis imperiis zewolisgan Tavisufali zogi qarTveli mecnieric ufroendoba winaaRmdegobriv imperiul cnobebs (vidre "qarTlis cxovrebis" avtorebs)da brmad iziarebs mosazrebas saukuneebis manZilze egrisisa da qarTlis damoukidebladarsebobis Sesaxeb; ix., mag., g. grigolia, 1994; egrisis damoukideblobis samtkicebladdResac iwereba sadoqtoro naSromebi; ix,. mag., doqtorant merab WumburiZissadisertacio naSromi: "egrisis samefos Tavdacvis sistema (ax. w. I-IIIegrisis samefos Tavdacvis sistema (ax. w. I-IIIegrisis samefos Tavdacvis sistema (ax. w. I-IIIegrisis samefos Tavdacvis sistema (ax. w. I-IIIegrisis samefos Tavdacvis sistema (ax. w. I-IIIsaukuneebSi)",saukuneebSi)",saukuneebSi)",saukuneebSi)",saukuneebSi)", quTaisi, 2009.


- samwignobro qarTulis yalibiT warmoqmnili sityvaformaegrisi egrisi egrisi egrisi egrisi aRniSnavs qarTlis mefis "sauxuceso teritorias" - samefogvaris uxucesis pirad sakuTrebas.

warmodgenili terminologiuri Ziebisas CvenTvis mTavariakiTxva: dasavleT saqarTvelos centraluri nawili (bedia-dasavleT saqarTvelos centraluri nawili (bedia-dasavleT saqarTvelos centraluri nawili (bedia-dasavleT saqarTvelos centraluri nawili (bedia-dasavleT saqarTvelos centraluri nawili (bedia-noqalaqevi-quTaisi) IV-VI saukuneebSi visi samflobelonoqalaqevi-quTaisi) IV-VI saukuneebSi visi samflobelonoqalaqevi-quTaisi) IV-VI saukuneebSi visi samflobelonoqalaqevi-quTaisi) IV-VI saukuneebSi visi samflobelonoqalaqevi-quTaisi) IV-VI saukuneebSi visi samflobeloiyo? iyo? iyo? iyo? iyo? meti sicxadisTvis, erTmaneTs SevupirispireT I-VI saukuneebisSesaxeb arsebuli qarTuli da ucxouri cnobebi Tu bolo periodismecnierTa argumentebi. warmodgenil naSromSi gavaanalizebT IV-Vsaukuneebis Sesaxeb arsebul masalas:

"qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT, farsman qvelis SviliSvilis(farsman adamis Zis) Svili amazaspi Tavdapirvelad qarTliswarmatebuli mefe iyo (savaraudod, 230-265 ww.); igi farsmanqvelis msgavsad sruliad qarTls marTavda, magram mogvianebiT mandaiwyo "mesisxleoba", ris gamoc "moiZules igi erman qarTlisman",kerZod, amazasps ganudgnen "erisTavni dasavleTisani xuTni: orniorniorniorniornierisTavni egrisisanierisTavni egrisisanierisTavni egrisisanierisTavni egrisisanierisTavni egrisisani, erTi oZrxisa, erTi klarjeTisa da erTiwundisa24" (gv. 57). aSkaraa, rom egrisis or saerisTavoSi nagulisxmeviamcire egrisimcire egrisimcire egrisimcire egrisimcire egrisi da margveTi.margveTi.margveTi.margveTi.margveTi.

bolo farnavazianis - asfaguris - Crdilo kavkasiaSi (osebTanyofnisas) sikvdilis Semdeg (q.c. gv. 62) qarTlis erisTavebmadampyroblad mosul sparseTis mefes - qasres sTxoves, qarTlismefed misi Svili daesva. marTlac, Svidi wlis mirian qasres Ze(xosroiani) gaxda qarTlis mefe. "da Seiyuares igi yovelTa qarTvelTaumetes yovelTa mefeTasa. da mefobda esreT mirian mcxeTiT gaRmarTqarTls, somxiTs, rans, hereTs, movakans da egrs/egrs/egrs/egrs/egrs/egriss/egris" (gv. 65).

Sdr., iqve: "qarTlis cxovrebis" avtorTa rwmunebiT, mirianisZmam bartamma - sparseTis mefem - mirians mefoba ar dauTmo(mxevalis naSobi xaro). uxucesTa sasamarTlom mefed bartamidatova, magram qarTlis mefe mirians samarTavad gadasca axaliteritoriebi: "jazireTi (mesopotamia - t.f.), Samis (/siriis) naxevari,adarbadagani. da ese yoveli qarTls, somxiTs, rans, hereTs damovakans zeda mourTes" (gv. 67) - am SemTxvevaSi ukve egrisiegrisiegrisiegrisiegrisiqarTlSia nagulisxmeviqarTlSia nagulisxmeviqarTlSia nagulisxmeviqarTlSia nagulisxmeviqarTlSia nagulisxmevi.

Sdr., agreTve, iqve (gv. 70) mematiane gviambobs, rom konstantinedidma daamarcxa sparseTisa da saqarTvelos gaerTianebuli jari,ris Semdegac miriansmiriansmiriansmiriansmirians CamoarTva samxreTis miwebi da somxiTismefes gadasca; kerZod: "ganuCina sazRvari miriansa da TrdatsesreT: romelTa queyanaTa mdinareni dian samxreTiT da mierTvianraxsa, ese queyanani Trdatis kerZad dayarna; da romlisa queyanisa

24. wundis saerisTavo (javaxeTi, kola, artaani) erTaderTia e.w. dasavleTisdasavleTisdasavleTisdasavleTisdasavleTissaerisTavoebssaerisTavoebssaerisTavoebssaerisTavoebssaerisTavoebs Soris, romlis sazRvrebi Sav zRvamde ar midis. "qarTlis dasavleTinawilis erisTavebi" ("sami erisTavi dasavleTi qarTlisa") daCis mefobis dasawyisSicmoixsenieba (q.c.,1955, gv. 204).

t. futkaraZe

mdinareni CrdiloT dian da mierTvian mtkuarsa, ese mirianiskerZad dayarna... da mefobda mirianmefobda mirianmefobda mirianmefobda mirianmefobda mirian qarTls, rans, hereTs damovakans. da aqunda egrisica vidre egris wylamdeaqunda egrisica vidre egris wylamdeaqunda egrisica vidre egris wylamdeaqunda egrisica vidre egris wylamdeaqunda egrisica vidre egris wylamde".

mirianis mefobisas qarTlis samefoSi qarTlis samefoSi qarTlis samefoSi qarTlis samefoSi qarTlis samefoSi saxelmwifo religiadgamocxadda qristianoba. ramdenadac ramdenadac ramdenadac ramdenadac ramdenadac mirianis samefoSi Sediodaegrisic (RaliZgamde), logikuria davaskvnaT: egrisSic, logikuria davaskvnaT: egrisSic, logikuria davaskvnaT: egrisSic, logikuria davaskvnaT: egrisSic, logikuria davaskvnaT: egrisSic, sadacqristianuli Temebi arsebobda mociqulTa droidan, qristianobaqristianobaqristianobaqristianobaqristianobasaxelmwifo religiad saxelmwifo religiad saxelmwifo religiad saxelmwifo religiad saxelmwifo religiad iqca swored mirianis dros25.

"qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT, ara mxolod mirianis winamefeebi, aramed momdevnonic flobdnen egrissegrissegrissegrissegriss.

mefeebic: arCil Trdatis Ze, mirdat arCilisZe da vaxtanggorgasali.

aSkaraa, "qarTlis cxovrebis" dawvrilebiTi da Tanamimdevrulicnobebis mixedviT, gorgasalamdec, gorgasalis drosac da Semdegac(V-VI saukuneebSi) egris-margveTi iuridiuladac daegris-margveTi iuridiuladac daegris-margveTi iuridiuladac daegris-margveTi iuridiuladac daegris-margveTi iuridiuladac dafaqtobrivadacfaqtobrivadacfaqtobrivadacfaqtobrivadacfaqtobrivadac romis imperiis gareTaa; egris-margveTi qarTlisnawilia da arsebiT rols asrulebs qarTlis istoriaSi26. amdros qarTli, Sesabamisad, misi dasavluri saerisTavoebic ufroiranis gavlenis velSia. am mosazrebas amyarebs IV saukunis romisimperiis sazRvrebis amsaxveli akademiuri rukac (romelic SeqmniliainglisSi)27:

25. "qarTlis cxovrebis" am pozicias vrceli msjelobiTa da logikuri argumentebiTamyarebs mitropoliti anania jafariZe (1996, gv. 127-144).26. Sesabamisad, mxolod gaugebrobas efuZneba zogi mkvlevris mier "qarTlocentrizmis"dabraleba "qarTlis cxovrebis" avtorebisadmi.27. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Roman_empire_395.jpg


Sdr., sapirispiro daskvnas akeTebs n. lomouri wignSi "egrisissamefos istoria" (Tb., 1968, gv. 75), sadac igi wers, rom egrisisegrisisegrisisegrisisegrisis

samefo romis vasalia.samefo romis vasalia.samefo romis vasalia.samefo romis vasalia.samefo romis vasalia.SevniSnavT, rom IV saukunisIV saukunisIV saukunisIV saukunisIV saukunis "egrisis samefos istoriis"

aRsadgenad (Tu Sesaqmnelad) n. lomouris mier moyvanili metadfragmentuli berZnuli cnobebi an VI saukunisVI saukunisVI saukunisVI saukunisVI saukunis viTarebas asaxavs,an avsebs (ar ewinaaRmdegeba!) "qarTlis cxovrebaSi" warmodgenilTvalsazriss; mag., V saukunis istorikosis priske panionelispriske panionelispriske panionelispriske panionelispriske panioneliscnobebi lazikis mefis - gubazis - ajanyebis Sesaxeb TanxmobaSimova juanSeris (zogadad, "qarTlis cxovrebis") TvalsazrisTan,Tuki davuSvebT, rom gubazi basilevsia bizantiis miergubazi basilevsia bizantiis miergubazi basilevsia bizantiis miergubazi basilevsia bizantiis miergubazi basilevsia bizantiis mierkontrolirebad teritoraze kontrolirebad teritoraze kontrolirebad teritoraze kontrolirebad teritoraze kontrolirebad teritoraze (RaliZgidan biWvinTamde) da aramTlianad Sida egrisSi. Sdr., qarTveli mematianis cnobiT, gorgasaliTavdapirvelad am miwasac ipyrobs da Semdeg ki ukan ubrunebsbizantias.

Sdr., "qarTlis cxovrebis" informacia gorgasalis epoqisqarTlis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb (1955, gv. 145-146):

"maSin viTar iqmna vaxtang wlisa aTis, gardamovides ovsnispani uricxvni, motyuenes qarTli TaviTgan mtkurisaT vidrexunanamde, da moaoxrnes velni, aramed cixe-qalaqni daurCes, Tvinierkaspisa. xolo kaspi qalaqi Semusres da tyue yvnes da wariyvanesdai vaxtangisi miranduxt, sami wlis qali. romel daurCeswarutyvevnelad xevni qarTlisanixevni qarTlisanixevni qarTlisanixevni qarTlisanixevni qarTlisani: kaxeTi da klarjeTi da egrisi,Cavles ranisa da movakanisa, wartyunes igica da ganvles karidarubandisa, rameTu TviT gza sces darubandelTa, da SevidesovseTs gasmarjvebulni".

konteqstis mixedviT, qarTlis samefos sami xevi gadaurCadarbevas: kaxeTi, klarjeTi da egrisikaxeTi, klarjeTi da egrisikaxeTi, klarjeTi da egrisikaxeTi, klarjeTi da egrisikaxeTi, klarjeTi da egrisi; amgvar gagebas adasturebssxva epizodic: "xolo aman daCi mefeman iwyo Senebad qarTlisa,rameTu mooxrebul iyvnes yovelni xevni qarTlisaniyovelni xevni qarTlisaniyovelni xevni qarTlisaniyovelni xevni qarTlisaniyovelni xevni qarTlisani, TvinierkaxeTisa da klarjeTisa da egrisisaegrisisaegrisisaegrisisaegrisisa. da ganasrula zRudeniTbilisisani, da viTa ebrZana vaxtangs, igi Seqmna saxlad sameufod"(qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, gv. 205)28.

e.i. yvela am epizodiT Cans, rom e.w. Znelbedobis Jamsac kilixidan egriswylamde egrisisegriswylamde egrisisegriswylamde egrisisegriswylamde egrisisegriswylamde egrisis teritoria qarTlis samefosnawilia. xolo saqarTvelos momZlavrebis Semdeg qarTlSi moiazreba

28 osTgan qarTlis darbevis epizodi gansxvavebulad esmiT sxva mkvlevrebs; mag.,mitropolit anania jafariZis azriT, am dros qarTlis samefo dayofili iyo oTxxevad: 1. xevi qarTlisa (mtkvris saTavidan xunanamde), 2. xevi kaxeTisa, 3. xeviklarjeTisa, 4. xevi egrisisa (a. jafariZe, 1996, gv. 237); Sdr. r. metrevelis redaqtorobiTganxorcielebuli rusuli Targmani (2008, gv. 78, 5-8). vaxtang gorgasalis gardacvalebisSemdeg daCi uSualod marTavda qarTlis yvela xevs (maT Soris egriss), dasavleTsaqarTvelos sami saerisTavos garda: berZeni colisgan SeZenil Svilebs - mirdatsada leons, rogorc erisTavebs, vaxtangma samarTavad misca wunda, klarjeTi da oZrxe(q.c. 1955, gv. 204-205); maT xvdaT wilad dedis mziTevSi moyolili miwa-wyalic(RaliZgidan(RaliZgidan(RaliZgidan(RaliZgidan(RaliZgidan klisuramde);klisuramde);klisuramde);klisuramde);klisuramde); leonis gardacvalebis Semdeg swored es teritoriagaucvala daCim mirdats (samagierod misca teritoria faravnidan mtkvaramde).

t. futkaraZe

egrosis wili mxaris (didi egrisis) Crdilo-dasavleTi nawilis -afxazeTis - naxevaric (RaliZgidan klisuramde), romelic gorgasalmacolis mziTvad kanonierad miiRo29.

Sdr.: VII-VIII saukuneebSic - stefanozis, mirisa da arCilis(705-745) mefobis xanaSi - klarjeT-guria-egris-argueTi isevqarTlis nawilia; ix., mag.: miris anderZimiris anderZimiris anderZimiris anderZimiris anderZi (sadac saxeldebaqarTlis samefos mxareebi):

qarTlis "naxevari Sen da naxevari maT (qaliSvilebsa dasiZeebs - t.f.). xolo sauxucesod romel mqonda, momicemia Senda,da gqondes sauxucesod: egrisi, suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi,egrisi, suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi,egrisi, suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi,egrisi, suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi,egrisi, suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi,guriaguriaguriaguriaguria. xolo klarjeTi da Sua mTiuleTi miec asulTa CemTa, raTamun Sina iyvnen JamTa amaT borotTa..." aqvea qarTlis mxareebis(faqtobrivi saerisTavoebis) CamonaTvali:

1. klarjeTi, javaxeTi;2. TrialeTi, taSiri, aboci;3. da 4. zena sofeli, romeli arc qarTli (romelic gaiyo

or saerisTavod);5. kotmaniTgan qurdisxevamde;6. juari, xereki, yoveli mTiuleTi, manglisis xevi, Tbilisi;7. afxazeTi - didi egrisis nawili klisuridan yubanis

SesarTavamde (Zveli egrisis es nawilic arCilisadmi leonismorCilebis gamo qarTlis nawilad iqca): "daemkvidra arCil egrissegrissegrissegrissegrissvidre Sorapnamdevidre Sorapnamdevidre Sorapnamdevidre Sorapnamdevidre Sorapnamde" (qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, gv. 243-244).

maSasadame, qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT, VII saukuneSic daVIII saukunis pirvel naxevarSic iuridiulad qarTlis mefis kuTvnilimiwa-wylis centraluri nawilis - egrisis sazRvrebia: Crdilo-dasavleTiT - klisura/RaliZga, dasavleTiT - Savi zRva, samxreTiT- klarjeTi, aRmosavleTiT - Sorapani. "qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT,romis imperiaSi kanonierad Sedioda egrosis wilis mxaris Crdilo-dasavleTi nawili (klisuridan yubanis SesarTavamde), romelsacberZnebi Zvel lazikas uwodeben. swored aq ijda berZeni moxeleTu adgilobrivi vasali (mag., gorgasalisdroindeli gubazi).

mogvianebiT, lazika samxreT-dasavleTi egrisicaa, romelicqarTul wyaroebSic WaneTad da xaldiad iwodeba (rizes mxare). amTvalsazrisiT metad faseulia m. xorenacis cnoba keisar takitesmkvlelobis Sesaxeb: "takitusi Tavisianebma mokles pontoelTaWaneTSi, ese igi xaldeTSi" (movses xorenaci, 1984, gv. 162, 277);Sdr. s. yauxCiSvilis Targmani: "takite moklul iqna pontos


29 am miwis istoriaze Tvalis gadevneba merec SeiZleba: vaxtang gorgasalis gardacvalebisSemdeg daCi uSualod marTavda qarTlis yvela xevs (maT Soris egriss) dasavleTsaqarTvelos sami saerisTavos garda: berZeni colisgan SeZenil Svilebs - mirdatsada leons, rogorc erisTavebs, vaxtangma samarTavad misca wunda, klarjeTi da oZrxe(q.c. 1955, gv. 204-205); maT xvdaT wilad dedis mziTevSi moyolili miwa-wyalic(RaliZgadan(RaliZgadan(RaliZgadan(RaliZgadan(RaliZgadan klisuramde);klisuramde);klisuramde);klisuramde);klisuramde); leonis gardacvalebis Semdeg swored es teritoriagaucvala daCim mirdats (samagierod misca teritoria faravnidan mtkvaramde).

provincia WaniukSi, ese igi xaltikSi (georgika, 1936, gv. 262,SeniSvna). Wanikes qveyanas pontoSi moiazrebs ioane malalac (491-578): "imave takites mefobis dros moxda omi pontoSi da TviTmefe gaemarTa iq saomrad da is moklul iqna pontos erT qveyanaSiWanikeSi..." (georgika, 1936, gv. 262).

Sdr., prokopi kesarieli dabejiTebiT wers, rom misi mizaniakolxeTis Sesaxeb wina Taobis istorikosebis areuli cnobebisdalageba da zustad gadmocema, Wanebisa da lazebis Sesaxeb; amgancxadebis miuxedavd, misi cnobebi mainc winaaRmdegobrivia; kerZod,igi erT konteqstSi laparakobs or fazisze, rac bevri gaugebrobissaTaved iqca; Sdr., mag: "mdinare boasi gamodis sadRac WaneTissazRvrebis maxloblad armenielTa adgilebSi... is karga manZilzemarjvniv mimdinareobs. Txelia da araviTar siZneles ar warmoadgensaravisTvis fonze gasasvlelad vidre im adgilamde, sadac marjvniviberTa sazRvrebi aris, xolo pirispir kavkasiis mTa Tavdeba. aqbevri sxva tomi cxovrobs, maT Soris alanebic da abazebic... masSemdeg rac es mdinare miaRwevs im adgilas, sadac kavkasiisa daiberiis sazRvrebia... nacvlad boasisa, amierodan fazisad wodebuli,ganagrZobs mdinarebas (gv. 100). garkveulia, rom armenielTa sazRvridanWoroxi iwyeba. magram Woroxis Sua welSi, sadac marjvena mxaresiberiaa, abazebi da alanebi arasodes cxovrobdnen.

Sdr.: "armeniis adgilebidan pers-armeniaSi rom midixar, marjvnivaris tavri, mimavali iberiaSi da iq mosaxle xalxebamde, xolomarcxniv metad daqanebuli, did manZilze gaWimuli gza aris daaRmarTulia metad cicabo da mudam nisliTa da TovliT dafarulimTebi, saidanac gamodis mdinare fazisi da midis kolxeTis qveynisaken.aq mosaxleobs Wanebis tomi, Tavidanve barbarosebi, romelnicaravis qveSevrdomebi ar arian, wina xanebSi sanebad wodebuli,irgvliv mosaxle romaelebis mZarcvelni" (georgika, 1965, gv.53)

Sdr., agreTve, iqve: "ponto iwyeba bizantionidan da mTavrdebakolxebis/lazebis qveyanasTan; lazTa qveyana aris iq, sadac evqsinisponto mTavrdeba da kavkasiidan momdinare fasisi pontos erTvisnaxevarmTvara napiris SuaSi" (gv. 121-128)30.

lazebis qveyana rionis CrdiloeTi Tu aris, es cnobauaxlovdeba qarTveli mematianeebis cnobas, romlis mixedviTacegrisis Crdilo-dasavleTi nawili (RaliZgis CrdiloeTi) darCaberZenTa sakuTrebaSi (rionsa da RaliZgas Soris manZili CvenTvisaaarsebiTi da saintereso, Torem ramdenime aTasi kilometris

30aqve sainteresoa agaTia sqolastikosis (VI s.) cnobac: "am dros WanTa tomi gaxdasazrunavi. Wanebi cxovroben evqsinis pontos samxreTiT q. trapezuntis qvemoT;Tumca es Wanebi ZveliTganve romaelebTan dazavebulni da maTi qveSevrdomni iyvnen,magram maSin maTi erTi nawili winandel mSvidobian wesebs icavda... umetesi maTganiki Seqmnili mdgomareobiT sargeblobda da yaCaRobas misdevda... Tavs esxmoda armeniasac...amitom maT winaaRmdeg igzavneba Teodore, maTive Tvistomi" (georgika, 1936, gv.181-182).

t. futkaraZe

moSorebiT, imperiis centrSi mjdomi da kavkasiis armcodneprokopisTvis es ramdenime aTeuli kilometri (baTumidan/foTidanoCamCiremde) bevrs arafers niSnavda31; ramdenadac fasisi iyocnobili mdinare da sazRvradac es daasaxela.

prokofis am cnobebis mixedviT gaugebaria, mainc romelifazisidan iwyeba lazikes sazRvari. garda amisa, prokopis droindeligubazi berZnebis daxmarebiT raRac periodSi dasavleT saqarTvelosTu akontrolebda, es sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom gorgasalisTanamedrove gubazic amave sivrces flobda. wyaroTa SejerebiT,ufro logikuri Cans, rom mirianisa da gorgasalis epoqebSilazikad miviCnioT teritoria RaliZgis CrdiloeTiT. yovelSemTxvevaSi, 200 wlis winandel viTarebas naklebad unda asaxavdesprokopis winaaRmdegobrivi cnobebi.

Sdr., agaTangelosi (IV s.): "wminda grioli... zog [mRvdels]gzavnida iberTa qveyanaSi, zogs lazTa qveyanaSi" (aq lazeTSi ukveWaneTi igulisxmeba)32.

Sdr., Tamaris istorikosi: 1204 wels Tamarma berZenTa mefeswaarTva: lazia, trapizoni, limoni, samisoni, sinopi, kerasundi,kitiora, amastria, araklia... (qarTlis cxovreba, 1959, gv.141-142).aqve aRsaniSnavia isic, rom qarTvel mefeebs dasavleT saqarTveloscentraluri nawili da tao-klarjeTi arasodes ucvniaT bizantiis

SemadgenlobaSi, xolo Tu davesesxebiT pavle ingoroyvas, arclazeTi/lazia - TurqeTis SemadgenlobaSi (p.ingoroyva, 2003, gv.40).

maSasadame, winaaRmdegobrivi ucxouri wyaroebi ar qmnis myarsafuZvels, rom uZvelesi periodidan moyolebuli vidre ax.w. Xsaukunemde dasavleT saqarTvelodasavleT saqarTvelodasavleT saqarTvelodasavleT saqarTvelodasavleT saqarTvelo qarTlis samefosgandamoukideblad arsebul e.w. kolxeT-egris-lazikis samefodgamovacxadoT; qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT ki istoriul periodSiZveli/didi egrisi (simbolurad, egrosis wili egrisi) or nawiladaawarmosadgeni (amgvar mosazrebas mxars uWers ucxouri wyaroebic)33:

• lazika:lazika:lazika:lazika:lazika: bizantiis imperiis gavlenis veli (RaliZgisCrdiloeTi da rizedan trapizonamde miwa-wyali);

33. Sdr., did egrisSi moiazreba: Sida egrisiSida egrisiSida egrisiSida egrisiSida egrisi (/saegro/odiSi), argueTiargueTiargueTiargueTiargueTi (guriac aqigulisxmeba; Sdr., 1080 wels "dResa ivanobisasa asisforni da klarjeTi zRvis piramdis,SavSeTi, aWara, samcxe, qarTli, argueTi, samoqalaqo da Wyondidi aRivso TurqiTa" -q.c. 1955, gv. 319), suaneTi suaneTi suaneTi suaneTi suaneTi (es termini zogjer faravs egriss; ix. gv.27: "egrisisvaneTia"; Sdr., quji - egris-svaneTis erisTavi), samoqalaqo, afxazeTisamoqalaqo, afxazeTisamoqalaqo, afxazeTisamoqalaqo, afxazeTisamoqalaqo, afxazeTi ("qveyanaegriswyalsa da klisuras Sua"), afSileTi, TakueriafSileTi, TakueriafSileTi, TakueriafSileTi, TakueriafSileTi, Takueri (leCxumi), Wyondidi, nigali (aqmegrni cxovroben - gv.377), klarjeTiklarjeTiklarjeTiklarjeTiklarjeTi da sxv. Sdr., "somxuri geografiis" (gv.92-93)mixedviT, kolxeTikolxeTikolxeTikolxeTikolxeTi (dasavleT saqarTvelos gagebiT), Seicavs oTx qveyanas: manrili,manrili,manrili,manrili,manrili,egrevika, lazivi egrevika, lazivi egrevika, lazivi egrevika, lazivi egrevika, lazivi da WaneTi WaneTi WaneTi WaneTi WaneTi (xaldebis qveyana).


31 arada, qarTveli erisTvis swored es sivrcea arsebiTi.32 arabuli TargmanSi iberiis nacvlad aris misist ad Georgian, xolo lazikis nacvladarasworad weria ad regionem Abchazorum (georgika, 1961, gv. 71); unda iyos lazika, anWaneTi, an xaldia.

• qarTlis samefos saerisTaoebiqarTlis samefos saerisTaoebiqarTlis samefos saerisTaoebiqarTlis samefos saerisTaoebiqarTlis samefos saerisTaoebi: egrisi (dasavleTsaqarTvelos centraluri nawili: rionis marjvena mxare klisuramdeda kavkasionidan zRvamde); klarjeTi (samxreT-dasavleTi saqarTvelozRvamde), oZrxis nawili - aWara (arsianidan zRvamde) da margveTi(rionis marcxena mxare klarjeTamde da lixidan zRvamde).

vfiqrobT:1. "saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebSi", saxelmZRvaneloebsa

Tu enciklopediur cnobarebSi saqarTvelos istoriis "mTavarsaqarTvelos istoriis "mTavarsaqarTvelos istoriis "mTavarsaqarTvelos istoriis "mTavarsaqarTvelos istoriis "mTavarkalapotad" ar unda iyos warmodgenili politizebulikalapotad" ar unda iyos warmodgenili politizebulikalapotad" ar unda iyos warmodgenili politizebulikalapotad" ar unda iyos warmodgenili politizebulikalapotad" ar unda iyos warmodgenili politizebuliTvalsazrisiTvalsazrisiTvalsazrisiTvalsazrisiTvalsazrisi, rom, TiTqos, uZvelesi droidan VII saukunemdecal-calke arsebobda egrisisa da qarTlis samefoebi, romelTacqarTulisganqarTulisganqarTulisganqarTulisganqarTulisgan gansxvavebuli hqondaT saxelmwifo Tu saeklesioena, avtoqToni mosaxleobis dedaena, zogadad, kultura;

2. "qarTlis cxovrebis" safuZvelze droulad, axleburad dapolitizebis gareSe unda daiweros qarTveli erisa daqarTveli erisa daqarTveli erisa daqarTveli erisa daqarTveli erisa dasaqarTvelossaqarTvelossaqarTvelossaqarTvelossaqarTvelos akademiuri istoria; bunebrivia, igi unda dazustdes/Seivsos sxvaenovani sarwmuno cnobebiTa da lingvistur-eTnologiur-kulturologiuri Tu arqeolo-giur-anTropologiuri Tanamedrovekvlevebis SedegebiT.

saqarTvelos istoriis orgvari xedva ar aris gamonaklisimovlena msoflios masStabiT. rogorc wesi, mocemuli xalxis (Tusaxelmwifos) istoria ramdenimegvarad iwereba: saxelmwifos liderisnebis mixedviT (ix., mag., prokopi kesarielis ormagi standarti);mocemuli saxelmwifos interesebis Sesabamisad; mocemuli saxelmwifosmezoblis Tu dampyroblis interesebis Sesabamisad; iSviaTad,akademiurad. radikaluri subieqturobiT gaazrebuli istoria mudamiqneba mRvrie wyalimRvrie wyalimRvrie wyalimRvrie wyalimRvrie wyali seriozuli konfliqtebis provocirebisaTvis.

globaluri sainformacio qselis mqone Tanamedrove msoflioSiufro iolia, daiweros ama Tu im regionis/saxelmwifos dabalansebulida maqsimalurad obieqturi istoria, romelic stabilurobis erT-erT berketad unda iqces. vfiqrob, dRes ukve SesaZlebelia kavkasiurisaxelmwifoebis akademiuri wreebis iseTi erToblivi komisiebiserToblivi komisiebiserToblivi komisiebiserToblivi komisiebiserToblivi komisiebisamoqmedeba, romlebic istoriul wyaroTa da dokumentTa SejerebiTSeqmnian regionis enobrivi, eTnokulturuli da politikuri istoriisS e s a x e b a k ad e m iur s a m ec n i ero g a mo k vle v e b s a Tua k ad e m iur s a m ec n i ero g a mo k vle v e b s a Tua k ad e m iur s a m ec n i ero g a mo k vle v e b s a Tua k ad e m iur s a m ec n i ero g a mo k vle v e b s a Tua k ad e m iur s a m ec n i ero g a mo k vle v e b s a TusaxelmZRvaneloebs.saxelmZRvaneloebs.saxelmZRvaneloebs.saxelmZRvaneloebs.saxelmZRvaneloebs.

paralelurad, ramdenadac Tanamedrove msoflioSi saqarTvelosSesaxeb gabatonebulia ZiriTadad imperiuli an mezoblebis "aTvlissistemebidan" danaxuli istoriografiuli xedvebi, aucilebelia,saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier akademiurad ganisazRvrosqarTvelologiis prioritetebiqarTvelologiis prioritetebiqarTvelologiis prioritetebiqarTvelologiis prioritetebiqarTvelologiis prioritetebi3434343434 da seriozulad dafinansdesdepolitizebuli (arasabWouri) qarTvelologiuri kvlevebisa Tu

34. jer-jerobiT kritikas ver uZlebs rusTavelis (qarTvelologiis) fondis mierSerCeuli prioritetebi; rogorc wesi, jerjerobiT am fondisgan finansdebaaraaqtualuri an sxva fondebisgan ukve dafinansebuli proeqtebi (!); araiSviaTad,

xeli esev ewyoba qarTveli eris danawevrebis mastimulirebel proeqtebsac.

t. futkaraZe

akademiuri istoriuli rukebis Seqmna. aseTi samecniero produqciadroulad unda ganTavsdes saerTaSoriso qselSi.

aseve, ramdenadac gamoqveynebul rukaTa umravlesoba an imperiul"xedvas" asaxavs, meore ukiduresobas warmoadgens, saswrafod undadamzaddes saqarTvelos istoriuli realobis adekvaturi rukebi;isini droulad unda miewodos akademiur samecniero wreebsa dasaerTaSoriso eqspertebs. unda Seiqmnas agreTve Zveli qarTvelimematianeebis cnobebis Sesabamisi istoriuli rukebic; mag., "qarTliscxovrebis" mixedviT, Zv.w. IV da ax. w. VI saukuneebis saqarTvelos(qarTlis) ruka daaxloebiT ase unda gamoiyurebodes:

damowmebuli literatura

T. gamyreliZe, v. ivanovi, 1984 - Ò.Ãàìêðåëèäçå, Â.Èâà í î â ,Èíäîåâðîïåéñêèé ÿçûê è èíäîåâðîïåéöû, Òá., 1984

georgika, t. 2 gv - georgika (bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebisaqarTvelos Sesaxeb), Tb., 1961, (georgika, 1965,

T. gvancelaZe, 2006 - T. gvancelaZe, enisa da dialeqtissakiTxi qarTvelologiaSi, Tb., 2006;

g. grigolia, 1994 - g. grigolia, egris-lazikis samefossaistorio geografiis problemebi, Tb., 1994

b.diasamiZe, 2001 - b.diasamiZe, qristianoba dasavleTsaqarTveloSi, baTumi, 2001

n. lomouri, 1968 - n. lomouri, egrisis samefos istoria(warmoqmnidan ax.w. V saukunemde), Tb., 1968

n. lomouri, 1970 - saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. II(dasavleT saqarTvelo [egrisi] IV-V saukuneebSi; n. lomouri), Tb., 1970

o. lanCava, 2007 - o. lanCava, quTaisis arqeologia, quTaisi, 2007r. metreveli, 2008 - qarTlis cxovreba (r. metrevelis

redaqciiT), Tb., 2008


d. musxeliSvili, 2004 - d. musxeliSvili, saqarTvelo IV-VIIIsaukuneebSi (politikuri istoria da eTnikur-socialuri vitareba),meore gamocema, Tb., 2004

g, mWedliZe, m. kezevaZe, 2008 - g, mWedliZe, m. kezevaZe, quTais-gaenaTis eparqia, quTaisi, 2008

m. sanaZe, T. beraZe, k. Tofuria, 2003 - m. sanaZe, T. beraZe, k.Tofuria, saqarTvelos istoriuli atlasi, 2003

t.futkaraZe, 2005 - t.futkaraZe, qarTvelebi, nawili I,qristianobamdeli epoqa, quTaisi, 2005;

t.futkaraZe, 2006 - t.futkaraZe, saTave da perspeqtiva qarTulisamwignobro enisa", Tb., 2006;

t. futkaraZe, 2008 - . t. futkaraZe, qarTvelTa dedaena dadialeqtebi, quTaisi, 2008,

t. futkaraZe, 2009 - evropuli qartia regionuli anumciresobis enebis Sesaxeb da saqarTveloSi enobrivi politikisdagegmvis sakiTxi, kavkasiologiuri seria, V, Tb., 2009

qarTlis cxovreba, 1955 - qarTlis cxovreba (simon yauxCiSvilisredaaciiT), Tb., 1955

ak. SaniZe, 1981 - ak. SaniZe, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t. II, Tb., 1981.jafariZe, 2003 - saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi, Tb., 2003mitropoliti anania jafariZe 1996 - mitropoliti anania

jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t-I-IV, Tb.,1996-2003:

m. SeyilaZe, 2004 - m. SeyilaZe, saqarTvelos istoriuliatlasi, Tb., 2004.

TARIEL PUTKARADZE

THE WEST PART OF THE KARTLI KINGDOM(EGRISI, SUANETI; MARGUETI, ARGUETI..) OF A.D. I-VI IN TERMSOF LINGUO-CULTURAL SITUATION (ACCORDING TO GEORGIAN

CHRONICLES )

The controversial ancient Greek and Byzantine sources do not provide strongevidences to declare the so-called Kolkhis-Egris-Lazika, from the first millennia beforeour ear to A.D. 10th century, as an independent kingdom from the Kartli kingdom.According to the Georgian historical records, as well as to some foreign sources, inthe historical period ancient Egrisi can be presented in two parts:

• Lazika: the realm under Byzantium Empire influence from the Ghalidzgariver north to Trabzon territories.

• Karli Kingdom principalities: Egrisi, (central part of the west Georgia:The right bank side of the Rioni river to Klisuri and from the Caucasus range to theBlack sea.); Klarjeti (South-western Georgia to the sea), Odzrakhi part – Achara

t. futkaraZe

(from Arsiani mountains to the sea) and Margveti (Left bank side of the Rioni riverto Klarjeti and from Likhi to the sea).

Considering the reality the suggestion is that “Studies of the History of Georgia”,text books, and encyclopedia articles should not take as their main channel thepoliticized viewpoints of some foreign authors who aspire to prove that as if beforethe 7th century Egrisi and Kartli kingdoms existed separately from one another and asif they had different culture from that of the Georgian, one with different formal andreligious languages for autochthonic population. I see it fit that the official history ofGeorgia be written according to the Georgian Chronicles, and the historical episodesand gaps be filled with the trustworthy foreign sources as well as with modernresearches of linguo-ethnologic and culturologic nature and with results ofarchaeological and anthropological studies.

The so-called double history is quite a common phenomenon in the world andit cannot be an exception for Georgia. As rule the history of a country and peoplehave several variants biased according to the interests of some rulers (e.g. Procopiusdouble standards); or according to the interests of a given state, or according toneighboring countries or occupants; and rarely, with truth and academism. The historyunderstood with radical subjectivism will always remain a “troubled water” for theprovocation of serious conflicts.

In the modern world of the global informational technology it is much easierto write balanced and as objective as the science allows the a history of the part ofthe world or a state which can be used as one of the levers for stability. I hopenowadays it is possible to organize joint panels of the academic circles of the statesof the Caucasian region who through the collation of historical sources and documentswill create academic works, textbooks about the lingual, ethno-cultural, and politicalhistory of the region.

As long as in the modern world the dominated historiography views aboutGeorgia’s history is biased from the imperial interests and from the standpoints ofthe neighboring countries it is necessary that Georgian government take responsibilityfor the academic determination of the Katrvelology priorities and provide reasonablefinances for the depoliticized (non-Soviet) Kartvelology researches and for drawingup academic historical maps. This sort of scientific production should be providedfor the easy access in the world wide web. At the same time international scientificcircles and experts should be given historical maps drawn according to early Georgianhistorians, e.g. approximately of the kind which is drawn on the basis of theGeorgian Chronicles, that shows Georgia (Kartli) in the A.D. I-V centuries.


Documents

Kartveluri Memkvidreoba XIII Tariel Putkaradze