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SoTa vadaWkoria

sinamdvilis gayalbebisa da Sefasebis XX saukunis 20_ iani wlebis bolSevikuri stili (pasuxad giorgi ciciSvils)

SoTa vadaWkoria

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, pro-fesori SoTa ilias Ze vadaWkoria daiba-da 1951 wlis 20 ivniss lanCxuTis raionissofel WanWaTSi. 1966 wels daamTavra sof.WanWaTis arasruli, xolo 1968 wels sof.akeTis saSualo skola. 1977 wels wa-rCinebiT daamTavra iv.javaxixiSvilis sax-elobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite-tis istoriis fakulteti. 1979 wels muSa-oba daiwyo saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa aka-demiasTan arsebul xalxTa megobribis mu-zeumSi. 2000_ 2006 wlebSi muSaobda imaveakademiasTan arsebul politologiis ins-titutSi wamyvani mecnier_ TanamSromlisTanamdebobaze. 2007 wlidan dRemde iv.ja-vaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTno-

logiis institutis mTavari mecnier_ TanamSromlia. wlebis manZilze deda-qalaqis sxvadasaxva umaRles saswavleblebSi eweoda pedagogiur saqmianobas.1986 wels daicva istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis, xolo, 2002 wels isto-riis mecnierebaTa doqtoris xarisxi. intensiurad ikvlevs qarTuli politi-kuri azrovnebisa da saqarTvelos uaxlesi periodis politikuri istoriisaqtualur sakiTxebs. gamoqveynebuli aqvs 125- ze meti samecniero naSromi.aqedan 25 wigni da broSura, romelTagan 11 monografiaa. 1)erovnuli saxelm-wifoebriobis sakiTxi qarTul poliotikur azrovnebaSi. nakveTi I. (1917_ 1918ww.); 2)erovnuli saxelmwifoebriobis sakiTxi qarTul poliotikur azrovne-baSi. (1921_ 1923 ww.); 3)saqarTvelo_ somxeTis urTierTobis sakiTxi qarTulpolitikur azrovnebaSi 1918_ 1920 ww.); 4)qarTuli social_ demokratia 1917_1921 wlebSi; 5)saqarTvelos politikuri istoriis sakiTxebi. (XX saukune) wi-gni I; 6)ebraelTa sakiTxi da qarTuli sinamdvile (1921_ 1940); 7)saqarTvelospolitikuri istoriis sakiTxebi. (XX saukune) wigni II; 8)kodoris xeobis di-lema da qarTuli sazogadoebriv- politikuri azri (1993- 2014); 9)qarTulieposidan amoziduli legenda (valodia goguaZe); 10)sabWoTa ruseTTansaqarTvelos damarcxebis zogierTi faqtoris dazustebisaTvis (1921 wlisTebervali- marti); 11)osuri sakiTxi da qarTuli sinamdvile (12917- 1925 ww.).hyavs meuRle, ori Svili da SviliSvili.

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ivane javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti

SoTa vadaWkoria

sinamdvilis gayalbebisa da Sefasebis XX saukunis 20_ iani wlebis bolSevikuri stili (pasuxad giorgi ciciSvils)

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UDC (uak) 94(479. 22)+001 . 98 (479. 22) v- 126

broSuraSi motanili dokumenturi masala, mkiTxveli sazo-

gadoebisadmi mxolod simarTlis miwodebas isaxavs miznad.aq dabeWdili dokumentebis gacnobis Semdeg, saRad moazro-vne adamianebma Tavad gansajos: 1)Tu vin, vin iyo! 2)ramde-nad mrTebulia, sabWoTa ruseTis imperiis winaaRmdeg mebrZo-li_ 1921- 1924 wlebis erovnul- gnmaTavisuflebeli moZrao-bisa da ajanyebis momzadebis, misi ganmaxorcielebeli gmi-rebis mimarT, b-n. g.ciciSvilis mier gakeTebuli Sefasebe-bi_ eqstremistebi, avanturistebi, erovnuli saSiSroebisda mravali ubedurebis momtanni da a.S.

broSuras Segnebulad ar davawere redaqtori da recenze-nti. amiT Cemi kolegebi, b-n. g.ciciSvilis mxridan biblioTe-kebSi daxvedrisgan, samsaxurebSi mixtomisagan da satele-fono Seuracyofebisgan gadavarCine.

daibeWda avtoris xarjiT

© `SoTa vadaWkoria~

Tbilisi

2017

ISBN 978-9941-27-122-9

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gmirobis saidumlo imaSi mdgomareobs, rom ar misceT si-kvdilis SiSs Tqveni cxovrebis marTvis saSualeba.jorj bernard Sou

XXI saukunis saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi, ficis gaumtexlobadamcrobad, Ralati da dasmena, saamayod da modad iqca.aseTi gamrudebuli azrovneba momavali TaobebisTvisaadamRupveli.S.v.

Cems mier mkiTxveli sazogadoebisadmi SeTavazebuli polemi-kis gansxvavebuli forma, TvalsaCinoebis mizniTaa gamoyene-buli, rac bn. g.ciciSvilis mxridan mecnierisaTvis Seuferebe-lma qmedebebma ganapiroba. mxedvelobaSi maqvs, misi mosvlaiv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnologiis insti-tutSi da imave institutis direqtorsadmi sayveduri: 1)ratomhqonda Cems wigns institutis grifi da 2)ratom misca S.vada-Wkorias aRniSnuli wignis dabeWdvis ufleba. am SemTxvevaSi,b-n. g.ciciSvilma mecnieruli diskusiis tradiciad qceuliakademiuri formis elementaruli normebi ver daicva. man,ciciSvilebis cnobili sagvareulos warmomadgenelTa tra-diciuli qcevebi miwasTan gaaswora. igi mTel sagvareulo-Si erTaderTia, romelic zemoaRniSnuli saTakilo qmedebebiTgamoirCeva. istoriisa da eTnologiis institutSi mosulma b-n. g.cici-Svilma ganacxada, rom erovnuli biblioTekis xelmZRvane-lobasTan SeTanxmebiT, sakonferencio darbazSi Cemi wignissajarod ganxilva iyo dagegmili. b-n. g.ciciSvilis am ganzra-xulobis Sesaxeb, biblioTekis xelmZRvanelobas SesabamisigancxadebiT (# 179) 2017 wlis 10 aprils mivmarTe da vTxove,rom Cemi nebarTvis gareSe aRniSnuli RonisZiebis Catarebaar daeSva. saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTekismecnierebis, kulturisa da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis departa-mentis direqtorma b.n. e.jgerenaiam, 2017 wlis 18 apriliTdaTariRbuli SetyobinebiT (# 02/221) ase mipasuxa: `moqalaqeSoTa vadaWkorias... rogorc wesi, Cven ar vTxovT wignisganxilvis iniciatorebs avtoris, gamomcemlis an dokumentzesaavtoro uflebis sxva mflobelis nebarTvas konkretuli

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wignis ganxilvisaTvis.~ ai, batonebo, b-n. e.jgerenaiasa dabiblioTekis xelmZRvanelTa `rkiniseburi logika~. Turmenu ityviT, nebismier pirovnebas, Tugind igi wignis avtorisdauZinebeli mteri iyos, erovnul biblioTTekaSi sakonfere-ncio darbazs dauTmoben da Teatraluri Sous Casatarebladxels Seuwyoben. amas akeTeben Cemi protestisa da gafrTxile-bis miuxedavad. imavdroulad, wignis avtoris mizanmimarTuldiskreditacias, `mosawvevis~ saSualebiT sazogadoebaSiwinaswarve ewevian. erovnuli biblioTekis mecnierTa jgufis saxeliT dage-gmili RonisZiebis Sesaxeb dabeWdili mosawvevis~ teqstSi,gansaxilveli wignebis avtorebi, winaswarvea gamyalbeblebadgamocxadebuli. mecnierTa jgufi sazogadoebas amcnobda,rom igi awyobda g.ciciSvilis azris mosmenas mixeil java-xiSvilis politikuri peripetiebis gamyalbebelTa wina-aRmdeg~. imave dokumentis~ meore gverdze CamoTvlili iyoes gamyalbeblebi~: 1)`manana xomeriki, pasuxad mixeil java-xiSvilis gamyalbeblebs (saidumlo arqivebidan). Tbilisi1996.~ 2)`SoTa vadaWkoria, SeiaraRebuli ajanyebis samxedrogegmis dazustebisaTvis. mecnier redaqtori stiven jonsi.© `georgia~. parizi- Tbilisi 2016.~ aRniSnuli ciliswamebisa-Tvis rasac imsaxurebs mosawvevis~ Semdgenlebi, mkiTxvelisa-Tvis advilad misaxvedri unda iyos. miuxedavad amisa, Seve-cdebi, diskusiis akademiur formebs ar gavcde da dokume-ntur masalaze dayrdnobiT, Tavad cilismwameblebs dasabu-Tebuli pasuxi gavce. sazogadoebas vaCveno, Tu vin, vin aris! xazgasmiT minda aRvniSno, rom erovnuli biblioTekis me-cnierTa jgufis mier Sedgenili mosawvevis~ oriode gana-weraSi~, sinamdvilis gamrudeba klasikur donezea ayvanili.mxedvelobaSi maqvs Cems wignTan mimarTebaSi daSvebuli orididi siyalbe: 1)saTauri TviTneburadaa gadakeTebuli. `mo-sawvevSi~ weria: `SeiaraRebuli ajanyebis samxedro gegmis

dazustebisaTvis.~ unda iyos_ `SeiaraRebuli ajanyebis

samxedro gegmis gacemis dazustebisaTvis.~ sityva_

gacemis `mosawvevSi~ Segnebuladaa amoRebuli, raTa wignis

dasaTaurebas arasrulfasovani saxe miscemoda da sazogado-ebaSi Cemdami Tavidanve sawinaaRmdego ganwyoba Seqmniliyo.aRniSnuli qmedeba, g.ciciSvilis mxardamWerebis darbazSi

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mozidvaze iyo gaTvlili; 2)`mosawvevSi~ miTiTebulia: `me-cnier redaqtori stiven jonsi~. aseTi formulireba Ce-

ms mier gamoyenebuli ar aris. wignis meore gverdze vkiTxu-lobT: redkolegia: ... stiven jonsi (redaqtori). roca,sazogadoebisTvis gankuTvnil `mosawvevSi~ Segnebulad amdonis siyalbes sCadian, da am fonze, diskusiis Catarebamdegamyalbeblad winaswar gamogacxadeben, advili warmosadgeniaTu visTan da rasTan unda mqonoda saqme. ubedureba imaSia,rom siyalbiT datvirTuli es qmedeba, `saganmanaTlebloda samecniero tipis RonisZiebebis~ (ix. danarTi. e.jgerenaiaspasuxi Cems werilze) wamosasxamiT SefuTes. meore mxriv, ga-saTvaliswinebeli iyo g.ciciSvilsa da m.xomeriks Sorisadre gamarTuli diskusiebis dros, g.ciciSvilis mxridanmandilosanTan mimarTebaSi aradeqvaturi da mecnierisadmiSeuferebeli damokidebulebebi. analogiuri Tvisebebi ga-moavlina g.ciciSvilma Tsu- Si Seqmnili samecniero komisiismimarTac. mxedvelobaSi maqvs, g.ciciSvilsa da m.xomeriksSoris gamarTul diskusiasTan dakavSirebiT, mtyuan- marTlisgarCevis mizniT, iv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelm-wifo universitetSi Seqmnili samecniero komisiis mier gake-Tebuli daskvna da masze xelmomweri pirovnebebisadmi g.cici-Svilisgan_ mecnierisaTvis Seuferebeli cilismwamebluridamokidebuleba. amis Sesaxeb garkveviTaa miTiTebuli imavekomisiis wevrebis (d.SveliZe, n.javaxiSvili, b.kupataZe) mierakad. r.metrevelis saxelze 2005 wlis 7 martiT daTariRebulgancxadebaSi. `g.ciciSvili... yvelas, vinc ki mis debulebebsusityvod ar iziarebs, utifrad da Seuracmyofeli sityvebiTixseniebs. Cven pasuxis Rirsadac ar CavTvlidiT g.cicisvi-lis braldebas, rom igi mxolod sicrue yofiliyo. misbraldebas Cven ganvixilavT, rogorc ciliswamebas da bin-Zur provokacias. ufro metic, es provokacia imdenad usafu-Zvlo da amazrzenia, rom amis Semdeg Cven veRar ganvixilavTg.ciciSvils mokamaTe mecnierul mxared da sruliad Seu-Zleblad migvaCnia masTan raime saxis oponirebis gagrZe-leba.~ swored aseT adamians dauTmo darbazi TeatraluriSous moyvarulma e.jgerenaiam. Cems mier motanilma zemoaRniSnulma faqtorebma ganapirobab-n. g.cicisvilisa da biblioTekis kulturis ganyofilebis

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TanamSromelTa erToblivad dadgmul SouSi (2017 wlis 16maisi) Cemi Segnebulad armonawileobis faqti. rac Seexeba imave `mosawvevs~, mas m.javaxiSvilis sityvebiaqvs wamZRvarebuli: SeiZleba gwamdes rame usabuTod, magramurwmunoba da iWvianoba usabuTod ar SeiZleba.~ am mosawvevisSemqmnelebma, zemoaRniSnul siyalbesTan erTad, sazogadoebi-sTvis iseTi winaswari mimzidveli~ foni Seqmnes, rom TiTqosme, S.vadaWkoriam rac davwere Cems wignSi_ `SeiaraRebuliajanyebis samxedro gegmis gacemis dazustebisaTvis~, usabu-Tod da iWvianobis niadagze damiweria. aRniSnuli tyuilisada ciliswamebis gamo iZulebuli vxdebi, Cemi poziciis dasa-cavad iseTi forma gamoviyeno, romelic dokumentebidan amo-naridebiT iqneba gadatvirTuli da mxolod mcireodenikomentarebi eqneba darTuli. aseTi formiT, saarqivo dokume-ntebidan motanili mSrali faqtebi, egeb b.n. g.cicisvilisada misi msgavsi adamianebisTvis advilad aRsaqmeli gaxdesda maTi mxedvelobis arealSi moeqces. konkretulad, Tu ra sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi maqvs b-n.g.ciciSvilTan diskusia, amis sailustraciod, Sesabamisi mo-kle komentarebiT dokumentebs SevTavazeb mkiTxvel sazoga-doebas da Tavadve gansajos mtyuan- marTali.

m.javaxiSvili asmens iason javaxiSvils da iason kereseliZes.

#1m.javaxiSvilis mier amierkavkasiis sagangebo komisiiskolegiis Tavmjdomarisadmi 1923 wlis 16 marts gagzavnili

werilis meore nawili dasaTaurebulia: `gaZlevT dama-tebiT Cvenebas da ganvmartav~.

m.javaxiSvili wers: `iason javaxovma, roca ukanasknelad

da SemTxveviT Semxvda quCaSi, gakvriT miTxra `paritetulkomitetSi aviRe 300 (Tu 400) lira. minda Colokaevsgauvzavnovoo.~ SesaZlo Secdomis Tavidan asacileblad

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ganvmartav: 1)es Tanxa paritetul komitets SeeZlo gaeRoColokaevisaTvis. 2)iason javaxovs es Tanxa SeeZlo mieRosesxad, oRond paritetul komitets acnoba visTvis da ri-sTvis aris gankuTvnili; 3)Seasrula Tu ara javaxovma Tavisi

ganazraxi, ar vici, radgan amis Semdeg mas ar Sevxvedrivar.~

ix. n.kirTaZe. kaen sad aris Zma Seni?!.. Tb. 1998. gv. 161

Cemi komentari: am SemTxvevaSi, m.javaxiSvilma paritetuli

komitetis SemadgenlobsTan erTad, ias.javaxiSvili da q.Co-loyaSvili daasmina.

#21923 wlis 16 apriliT daTariRebul erT winadaebian CvenebaSi,m.javaxiSvilma iason kereseliZesTan erTad, iason javaxi-Svili meored daasmina.

m.javaxiSvili wers: `iason kereseliZe... mokavSirismovaleobas asrulebda iason javaxovis davalebiT...~

ix. n.kirTaZe. kaen sad aris Zma Seni?!.. Tb. 1998. gv. 168

Cemi komentari: am dokumentis Sedgenidan 33 dReSi, iasonjavaxiSvili, iason kereseliZe da mTeli samxedro centridaapatimres. ix. l.jiqia. 1924 wlis ajanyeba dasavleTsaqarTveloSi. Tb. 2011. gv. 98dasmenis Sedegad, Cekistebis mier samxedro centris xelm-ZRvanelobis da misadmi daqvemdebarebuli oficrebis dapati-mreba (15 kaci), ajanyebis dawyebamde 3 TviT adre ganxorcielda.patimrebi, 1923 wlis 21 maiss dilis 4 saaTsa da 30 wuTzevakis parkis teritoriaze daxvrites. eseni arian: aleqsandresimonis Ze andronikaSvili, varden grigolis Ze wulukiZe,giorgi nikolozis Ze ximSiaSvili, rostom ilias Ze musxe-liSvili, konstantine nikolozis Ze afxazi, nikoloz mixe-ilis Ze zandukeli, simon levanis ze bagration- muxraneli,farnaoz revazis Ze yaralaSvili, iason maTes Ze kereseliZe,ivane grigolis Ze quTaTelaZe, simon (igive nasyida) iagorisZe WiaberaSvili, aleqsandre mixeilis Ze maWavariani, elisbarzaqarias Ze gulisaSvili, levan iraklis Ze klimiaSvili,

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dimitri nikolozis Ze Crdileli. ix. n.kirTaZe. kaen sadaris Zma Seni?!.. Tb. 1998. gv. 78.am CamonaTvalSi 4 generalia, 4 polkovniki, 3 oficeri da

4 samoqalaqo piri. amiT, ajanyebis Stabs, faqtobrivad TavimokveTes da umeTaurod~ datoves. isini mwyobrSi rom yofi-liyvnen, ajanyebis momzadebasa da msvlelobas meti orga-nizeba gaukeTdeboda da erovnul- gamnaTavisuflebeli

brZolis apoTeozi ufro maRal safexurze avidoda.

rusuli sabWoTa imperiis monobis winaaRmdeg SeiaraRebuliajanyebis mosamzadebeli organizaciisaTvis gaweuli saqmi-anobis gamo, b-n. g.ciciSvilma isini eqstremistebad da avantu-

ristebad gamoacxada.

samxedro centris Semadgenlobis srulad dapatimrebisada daxvretis Semdeg, SeiaraRebuli ajanyebis organizaciulixelmZRvaneloba Tavis Tavze noe xomerikma aiRo. amis SesaxebdawvrilebiTaa saubari 1925 wels oficialurad dabeWdilsabraldebo daskvnaSi_ `saqme saqarTvelos antisabWoTapartiebis paritetuli komitetis Sesaxeb (sabraldebodaskvna). am dokumentSi d.oniaSvilisa da sxvaTa CvenebebzedayrdnobiT vkiTxulobT: `xomerikma xeli mohkida muSaobas.swrafad gaaba kavSiri mezoblebTan, gamococxlda muSaoba...TbilisSiac. ramodenime xnis Semdeg moawyo samxedro komi-siac (menSevikebis cekasTan), romelic gamohyo cekas prezidi-umma. es komisia Sesdgeboda ori kacisagan (vaso nodia dagogita faRava). periferiis organizaciis aRsadgenad xomeri-kma Sehqmna egreTwodebuli sasoflo komisia~, romlis Ta-vmjdomareobac miando kanelike qavTaraZes. amasTan erTaderovnul- demokratebidan gaZlierebul samxedro muSaobasawarmoebda winamZRvariSvili, romelic umTavres yuradRebasmozard Taobas aqcevda.~ ix. saqme saqarTvelos antisabWoTapartiebis paritetuli komitetis Sesaxeb (sabraldebodaskvna). Tbilisi. 1925. gv. 22 zemoaRniSnuli faqtebis siswore, harvardidan da levili-dan Camotanil saarqivo masalebSicaa dadasturebuli. amSemTxvevaSi yuradRebas marselis 1924 wlis 12 TebervlisTaTbirze SevaCereb. dokumentidan irkveva, rom am RonisZiebasn.ramiSvili, e.gegeWkori, b.CxikviSvili, er.cercvaZe, b.centeraZeda v.juReli eswreboda. saqarTveloSi gaweuli muSaobis

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Sesaxeb moxseneba, saqarTvelodan Casulma v.nodiam gaakeTa.man xazgasmiT miuTiTa n.xomerikis mier amierkavkasiis masSta-biT ajanyebis mosawyobad gaweul warmatebul aralegarulsaqmianobaze. iqve dasZina, rom misi dapatimrebis Semdeg, aja-nyebis mzadebis organizaciuli procesi daRmavali gziTmimdinareobda. saqmis organizaciulad gamosworebisaTvis,damxmare Zalebis miSveleba aucileblobas warmoadgenda.

ajanyebis mosamzadebeli aqtiuri muSaobisaRmavlobis SeCerebas isaxavda miznad noexomerikis CaSveba da dapatimreba.

1923 wels m.javaxiSvili asmens noe xomeriks.

#3saolqo sasamarTlos ufrosi gamomZiebeli ku-praSvili: `mixeil javaxiSvili ki aCvenebs:xomerikTan xangrZlivi baasis Semdeg me gamovarkvie, rommTeli misi gegma (SeiaraRebuli mzadebisa) damyarebuliiyo antantis aqtiur daxmarebaze. survili mqonda ufrodanamdvilebiT gamego aris Tu ara romelime saxelmwifosmxriT rwmuneba aqtiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb, da amisTvis xo-meriks miveci Sesaferi kiTxva. amaze xomerikma sTqva,_`daxmareba iqneba~ da, rom Tavisi sityvebi daedasturebina,daamata, rom mokle xanSi sazRvargareTidan veliT mauzeris~sistemis aTas revolvers.~ ix. saqme saqarTvelos antisa-bWoTa partiebis paritetuli komitetis Sesaxeb (sabralde-bo daskvna). Tb. 1925. gv. 37.

Cemi komentari: g.ciciSvili imas ki ar ambobs rom m.java-

xiSvilma daasmina n.xomeriki da uSiSroebas misi braleulo-bis xelCasaWidi mtkicebuleba miawoda, aramed m.javaxiSvilisgamarTlebas cdilobs da acxadebs: m.javaxiSvili aq konkre-tulad dasmul kiTxvaze iZleva Cvenebas, rac ar niSnavs`dasmenas~, man ar icis ra informacias flobs Zieba. amitom

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sxva gza ara aqvs, Tu ara simarTlis Tqma.~ ix. g.ciciSvili.simarTle 1921- 1923 wlebis erovnuli moZraobisa da mixeiljavaxiSvilis politikuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb. Tb. 2003 w.gv. 243.am Cvenebis micemidan sul male n.xomeriki (1923 wlis

9 noemberi) daapatimres. ix. l.jiqia. 1924 wlis ajanyebadasavleT saqarTveloSi. Tb. 2011. gv. 128. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT zemoaRniSnul sabraldebo da-skvnaSi vkiTxulobT: `paritetuli komitetis intensiurisamxedro mzadeba SeaCera xomerikis dapatimrebam 1923 wlis9 noembers.~ ix. n.kirTaZe. kaen sad aris Zma Seni?!.. gv. 305noe xomerikis dasmenis Sesaxeb 1923 wlis Cvenebidan motanil

amonawerSi arsebuli faqtebi, m.javaxiSvilma, uSiSroebisadmi1925 wels ganmeorebiT micemuli CvenebebiTac daadastura.dokumenturi masaliT irkveva, rom saqarTvelos ssr uzenaessasamarTlos da paritetuli komitetis gamsamarTlebelsasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, m.javaxiSvilma gancxadebiT mima-rTa (1925 wlis 15 ivlisi), raTa misi dakiTxva da Cvenebis Ca-morTmeva riggareSe momxdariyo. `dabejiTebiT gTxovT, TuSesaZlebelia: 1)sxvebze adre me CamomarTvaT Cveneba da2)Cvenebis CamorTmevis Semdeg srulebiT gamanTavisufloT~...ix. l.jiqia. 1924 wlis ajanyebis monawileTa sasamarTloprocesi. dokumentebi da masalebi (1925 wlis ivlisi-agvisto). Tb. 2012. gv. 107. imave dokumentebis mixedviT, m.javaxiSvilis dakiTxva mowmisstatusiT 1925 wlis 18 ivlisis sxdomaze moxda. dakiTxvasaxorcielebda sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare da msajuli_ oku-java. saoqmo Canawerebidan irkveva, rom okujavas win edo

m.javaxiSvilis 1923 wlis dakiTxvis masalebis mesame tomida imave m.javaxiSvilis mier 1923 wels daweril CvenebebSimotanili faqtebis erTxel kidev gadamowmebas axdenda. amisdamadastureblad imave dokumentidan mxolod ramdenimeamonarids SevTavazeb mkiTxvel sazogadoebas:

#41925 wlis 18 ivlisi. m.javaxiSvilis dakiTxvasaxdens msajuli s.okujava:

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`okujava: sagangebo komisiaSi micemul CvenebaSi gaqvTnaTqvami, rom paritetul komitetSi, iq sadac ambobT samxedromuSaobaze, ambobT imas, rom azrTa sxvadasxvaoba iyo.~ ix.l.jiqia. 1924 wlis ajanyebis monawileTa sasamarTlo pro-cesi. dokumentebi da masalebi (1925 wlis ivlisi- agvisto).Tb. 2012. gv. 114 okujava: (kiTxulobs rusulad da Semdeg Targmnis): TqvenswerT, rom menSevikebi Tavis mxriT agzavnidnen masTan (Co-loyaSvilTan S.v.) xalxs da aZlevdnen daxmarebas. bolosgaigeT, rom paritetuli komitetic uwevda daxmarebas fuliT.javaxiSvili: gavige, magram danamdvilebiT... amas ver vityvi,

verc vityodi da mandac sweria `sliSal~. ix. l.jiqia.

iqve. gv. 119. `okujava: aq weria, mesame t[omi], 234 furc[eli], sadacwinaswar CvenebaSi naTqvamia: me winadadeba Sevitane, rommieRoT zomebi am bandis dasaSlelad da ColoyaSvilissazRvargareT gagzavnis Sesaxebo.~... ix. l.jiqia. 1924 wlisajanyebis monawileTa sasamarTlo procesi. dokumentebida masalebi (1925 wlis ivlisi- agvisto). Tb. 2012. gv. 117. 1923 wlis dakiTxvis mesame tomSi 234- e furcliT Cakere-buli m.javaxiSvilis es Cveneba, `amierkavkasiis sagangebokomisiis kontrdazvervis ganyofilebis ufrosis saxelzeadawerili da 1923 wlis 29 martiTaa daTariRebuli. amiT

imis Tqma minda, rom:

1)mesame tomis gverdebis Tanmimdevrobis gaTvaliswineba,

m.javaxiSvilis mier n.xomerikis zemoaRniSnuli dasmenisdokumentis Seqmnis welis da Tvis dasazustebladac gamo-dgeba. miTumetes, n.xomerikis dasmenis dokumenti, imave mesametomSi me- 200 furcliTaa danomrili. ix. `saqme saqarTvelosantisabWoTa partiebis paritetuli komitetis Sesaxeb~ gv.37. e.i. dokumentebis ganlagebis principiT Tuki vixelmZRva-nelebT, xomerikis dasmenis dokumentis (tomi 3. furc. 200)Seqmnis Semdeg unda daweriliyo m.javaxiSvilisgan, q.Colo-yaSvilTan mimarTebaSi 29 martiT daTariRebuli Cveneba,(tomi 3. furc. 234). am or dokuments 34 gverdi acilebs er-TmaneTisgan.

2)rac Seexeba m.javaxiSvilis 1925 wlis 18 ivlisis dakiTxvas

noe xomerikTan mimarTebaSi, dokumentSi vkiTxulobT:

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`okujava: mowme, Tqven CvenebaSi gaqvT naTqvamiaqtiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb? javaxiSvili: daxmarebis,

diax.~ ix. l.jiqia. 1924 wlis ajanyebis monawileTa sasama-rTlo procesi. dokumentebi da masalebi (1925 wlis ivlisi-agvisto). Tb. 2012. gv. 120 am dokuments Tuki bolomde CavikiTxavT, igi n.xomerikTanmimarTebaSi uSiSroebisadmi m.javaxiSvilis mier 1923 welsmicemul CvenebaSi arsebuli braleulobis gansxvavebulistiliT dadasturebas warmoadgens. xazgasmiT unda iTqvas,rom msajul okujavas mxridan 1925 wlis dakiTxvis saoqmoCanawerebis mixedviT, m.javaxiSvilis pasuxSi arsad ar figuri-

rebs formulireba_ aqtiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb. igimxolod, 1923 wels m.javxiSvilis dakiTxvisas gacemul pa-suxSia dafiqsirebuli. ramdenadac am masalebis mesame tomimsajul okujavas win edo, rogorc zemoTac mqonda miTiTe-buli, masSi Cakerebuli Cvenebis (furceli 200) Sinaarsi,okujavamac Seaxsena m.javaxiSvils. vimeoreb, n.xomerikis da-smenis m.javaxiSviliseuli 1923 wlis Cvenebis ganTavsebisadgili _tomi sami da furcli 200, oficialurad dabeWdiliwignis_ antisabWoTa partiebis paritetuli komitetis Sesaxebsabraldebo daskvnis 37- e gverdze Semdegi formiTaa dada-sturebuli. `arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs- vkiTxulobTdokumentSi- agreTve daxvretilis general yaralaSvilisda nacional- demokratebis cekas wevris mixeil javaxiSvi-

lis Cvenebebs (t. 2 b, furc. 449 da t. 3 furc. 200). pi-rvelma, kote andronikaSvilis sityviT aCvena, rom... (t. 2 b.

furc. 449); javaxiSvili mixeili ki aCvenebs: xomeri-

kTan xangrZlivi baasis Semdeg me gamovarkvie, rom (igive te-

qsti rac zemoTac dasawyisSi maqvs motanili S.v.)... (t. 3.furc. 200) ix. saqme saqarTvelos antisabWoTa partiebis

paritetuli komitetis Sesaxeb~ gv. 37. m.javaxiSvilis mier uSiSroebisadmi 1923 wels n.xomerikisSesaxeb micemuli dasmeniTi informaciidan gamomdinare, b-n.g.ciciSvilis gamonaTqvams rom davesesxoT, 1925 wlis daki-Txvis dros, 1923 wlis CvenebaSi arsebuli faqtebisdadasturebis garda, m.javaxiSvils sxva gza marTlac arqonda;

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3)msajuli okujavas mier m.javaxiSvilis dakiTxva, rogorc

zemoTac mqonda miTiTebuli, 1925 wlis 18 ivliss ganxorci-elda. ix. l.jiqia. 1924 wlis ajanyebis monawileTa sasama-rTlo procesi. dokumentebi da masalebi (1925 wlis ivlisi-agvisto). Tb. 2012. gv. 108, xolo, aRmosavleT saqarTvelossaolqo sasamarTlos ufrosi gamomZiebelis kupraSvilismier, saqarTvelos antisabWoTa partiebis paritetuli komite-tis Sesaxeb sabraldebo daskvna, okujavas mxridan m.javaxi-Svilis dakiTxvamde erTi TviT adre, 1925 wlis ivnisSi daiwerada daibeWda. ix. saqme saqarTvelos antisabWoTa partiebisparitetuli komitetis Sesaxeb~ gv. 126. aqedan gamomdinare,mosamarTle kupraSvilis mier am dokumentSi n.xomerikisdasmenis Sesaxeb m.javaxiSvilis Cvenebis 1923 wlidan, 1925wlisTvis gadmotanis gafiqrebac ki, alogikur saxes iRebs. aRniSnul sakiTxze Cemgan gansakuTrebuli yuradRebismiqceva imiT aris ganpirobebuli, rom b-n. g.ciciSvilisgan,m.javaxiSvilis 1923 wlis dakiTxvis teqstis, 1925 welSi gadata-nis manipulirebis mcdelobas, erovnul biblioTekaSi m.xome-rikisa da Cemi wignis gansaxilvelad mowyobili 16 maisissxdomaze qonda adgili. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki m.javaxiSvilis1923 wlis dakiTxvis teqstis, bn. g.ciciSvili werilobiT1925 welSi gadmotanas Seecdaba, simarTlis dasadgenad,dainteresebul mkiTxvels, Cems mier sabraldebo daskvnidan`saqme saqarTvelos antisabWoTa partiebis paritetulikomitetis Sesaxeb~ gv. 37. motanili amonaweris SedarebaSeuZlia l.jiqias mier gamocemul dokumentebSi ganTa-vsebul teqstTan. ix. l.jiqia. 1924 wlis ajanyebis monawi-leTa sasamarTlo procesi. dokumentebi da masalebi (1925wlis ivlisi- agvisto). Tbilisi. 2012. gv.119- 120. aseTigadamowmebiTi proceduris Catarebis Semdeg, winaswari akvi-atebuli ideebiT ardamZimebuli nebismieri adamiani darwmu-ndeba, rom n.xomerikTan mimarTebaSi, m.javaxiSvilis 1923 da1925 wlebis Cvenebebi stilisturad ise gansxvavdeba erTmane-Tisgan, rogorc ca da dedamiwa. mkiTxvelis sayuradRebod vacxadeb, rom igive msajuliokujava, 1923 wlis Cvenebebidan Sesabamis abzacebs ukiTxavsm.javaxiSvils da misgan mTeli rigi sakiTxebis erTxelkidev dazustebas moiTxovs. msajul okujavas mier dasmulSekiTxvabs, m.javaxiSvili, 1923 wlis CvenebebSi arsebuli

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informaciis sisworis damadasturebel pasuxebs aZlevs. ix.l.jiqia. 1924 wlis ajanyebis monawileTa sasamarTloprocesi. dokumentebi da masalebi (1925 wlis ivlisi-agvisto). Tb. 2012. gv. 118- 119 zemoT motanili dokumenturi masalidan gamomdinare, nebi-smieri saRad moazrovne adamiani da maT Soris mec, b-n. g.ci-ciSvilis winaSe konkretulad vsvam kiTxvas: Cems mier do-kumentebidan motanili amonawerebi (# 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), romlebicm.javaxiSvilis Cvenebebs Seicavs, aris Tu ara sabuTebi?da Tu ar aris, maSin ras eZaxiT Tqven sabuTs? ratom atyu-ebT mkiTxvel sazogadoebas? Tuki m.javaxiSvilis CvenebebisabuTad ar migaCniaT, maSin ratom imowmebT analogiurisaxis Cvenebebs Tqvenive wignis TiTqmis yovel meore gverdzemxolod TqvenTvis misaRebi Sexedulebis dasacavad? Tqvenipoziciidan gamomdinare, iZulebuli var viyo ufro mkacrida qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis meSveobiT mkiTxve-ls mivando Tu ra kvalifikacia SeiZleba mieces m.javaxiSvi-lis mxridan uSiSroebisadmi micemul CvenebebSi_ ias.java-xiSvilis, ias.kereseliZis, q.ColoyaSvilis, n.xomerikis...aralegaruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb motanil faqtebs. qarTulienis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi ramde-nime Sesatyvisi cnebaa mocemuli: t. III. Tb. 1953. gv. 515`dambezRebeli~, gv. 544 `damsmeni~; t. V. Tb. 1958. gv. 1007-1008. moRalate~, moRalateoba~, moRalatoba~, moRala-turi~; t. VIII. Tb. 1964. gv. 306 CamSvebi~. aq CamoTvlil Ti-Toeul cnebebs, vrceli ganmartebebi axlavs. Tu romel ma-TganSi Tavsdeba m.javaxiSvilis zemoaRniSnul CvenebebSiiason javaxiSvilis, iason kereseliZis, noe xomerikis, qaqucaColoyaCvilis da sxvaTa saqmianobis Sesaxeb sabWoTa uSi-Sroebisadmi miwodebuli informacia, misi Sesatyvisi formu-lirebis misadageba, obieqtiri mkiTxveliTvis mimindvia. yovelive zemoTqmulis miuxedavad, b-b. g.ciciSvili, noexomerikis augad xseneba_ Cawixvlis orbitaze darCa da sa-zogaroebis winaSe misi damcrobis mizniT, iaraRis SeZenasTandakavSirebiT, noe xomeriks matyuara uwoda: `Cven ki vxedavTrom n.xomerikma amjeradac icrua. cnobili wyaroebiT sazRva-rgareTidan aseTi dapireba da miT umetes aseTi daxmarebaar dasturdeba....~ ix. g.ciciSvili. simarTle 1921- 1923 wlebiserovnuli moZraobisa da mixeil javaxiSvilis politikuri

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cxovrebis Sesaxeb. Tb. 2003 w. gv. 243 parizis politikuri komisiis sxdomebis saoqmo CanawerebismixedviT, mauzeris sistemis 1000 revorvelis Sesyidva po-loneTSi iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. am informaciaze dayrdnobiT,1923 wlis 24 Tebervals markis fsevdonimiT saqarTvelosemigraciuli mTavrobisadmi gagzavnil weilSi vkiTxulobT:`Tu ...polonelebisgan iaraRis dapireba Sesruldeba, maSinaucileblad unda davkraT.~ imave politikuri komisiis momde-vno sxdomebis stenografiuli angariSebis mixedviT, TiTqmisgadawyvetili sakiTxis bolomde miyvana SeuZlebeli gaxdapoloneTSi garTulebuli politikuri procesebis gamo. qa-rTul emigracias, imedi safrangeTis xelisuflebamac gau-crua. mxedvelobaSi maqvs stambolis samxedro sawyobebSisafrangeTis kuTvnili vrangelis naqoni iaraRis SeZenismcdelobis faqti. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, stambolidan1923 wlis 7 seqtembers k.gvarjalaZis mier saqarTvelos wa-rmomadgenlisadmi parizSi gagzavnil werilSi vkiTxulobT:`dRes CemTan movida frangebis oficeri da SemekiTxa TuwaviRebdiT im iaraRs, romelic CvenTvis inaxeboda aq (stambo-lSi S.v.). es iaraRi... arafrad mosaxmari da gamosadegariaRar aris. Tofebs aklia iseTi nawilebi, romlebic xelaxladunda gakeTdes, Torem maTi Sovna Znelia. es Tofebi rusuliTofebia. tyviis mfrqvevelnic yvela daJanguli da wamxdarniarian. maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleba mxolod... Tu gadavadnobdiT...me TviTon frangebis oficers SevekiTxe da maTi azriT amiaraRis gamoyeneba am saxiT SeuZlebeliao.~ ix. S.vadaWkoria.sabWoTa ruseTTan saqarTvelos damarcxebis zogierTi fa-qtoris dazustebisaTvis (1921 wlis Teberval- marti). Tb.2016 w. gv. 61.

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m.javaxiSvilis zemoaRniSnuli Cvenebebi-sagan gansxvavebiT, ai ra saxis CvenebasaZlevs patimrobaSi myofi n.xomerikiuSiSroebas:

n.xomerikis Cveneba: `braldebuli xomeriki iZleva

Cvenebas, rom mas rogorc ck-s wevrs ar SeeZlo da arSeuZlia Seurigdes imas, rom saqarTvelo okupirebulia,xalxi mCagvrelTa uRlis qveS aris da amitom Tavismovaleobad CaTvala Camosuliyo saqarTveloSi daemuSava moZaladeebis winaaRmdeg. igi, xomeriki, Camovidapiradi surviliT, yovelgvari davalebis gareSe da ve-rasodes Seurigdeba arsebul wyobilebas. amJamad masTavi tyved miaCnia da amitom uars ambobs upasuxoskiTxvebze, romlebic partiuli principebis CarCosscildeba.~ ix. dadgenileba 1924 wlis 30 ivlisi. xelsawers - s rwmunebulis moadgile jalaRonia, -s ufrosi morozi, saq. Ck- s ufrosi kvantaliani. ix. n.ki-rTaZe. kaen sad aris Zma Seni?!.. Tb. 1998. gv. 266

n.xomeriki: `sabWoTa ruseTSi Camovedi im mizniT,rom aralegarulad memuSava arsebuli wyobilebiswinaaRmdeg, wyobilebisa, romelic saqarTveloSi gareZalTa meSveobiT damyarda.~ ix. n.kirTaZe. kaen sad arisZma Seni?!.. gv. 301 vinc siRrmiseulad flobs sabWoTa periodis 20- 30- ianiwlebis saarqivo masalebs da icis am monakveTis istoria(es Tqven ar geswavlebaT), sinamdvilis obieqturad aRqmismqone adamianisTvis advilad misaxvedri unda iyos Tu radRes wahkidebda zemoaRniSnuli sityvebis mTqmel noe xo-meriks uSiSroebis TanamSromlebi. miuxedavad amisa, mas ve-raferi aTqmevines. b-n. giorgi! hqonda Tu ara xva gamosavalinoe xomeriks Tavisi TanamebrZolebi rom ar CauSva da maTdasmenas, Ck- s jurRmulebSi wameba rom amjobina? nuTu esver unda dainaxos saRad moazrovne da tendenciurobisadmizurgSeqceulma mkvlevaerma? is rac noe xomerikma uSiSro-

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ebis TanamSromlebs upasuxa, analogiuri qmedeba m.javaxiSvi-ls rom Caedina, darwmunebuli var, rogorc politikurfiguras da TanamebrZolebis ardamsmens olimpos mwve-rvalze aiyvandiT. 1923 wlis noemberSi roca xomeriki daapatimres, masramdenine werili aRmouCines, romelic sazRvargareT vaxta-ngis saxelze gasagzavnad iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. amis Sesaxeb,ufros gamomZiebel kupraSvils, sabraldebo daskvnaSi erT-erTi werilidan Semdegi amonaweri moaqvs: `Tu mas xelSiCavigdebT (albaT, ajanyebas daviwyebT), da roca ruseTidasZravs jarebs, nuTu maSin poloneTi demonstracias maincar moawyobs. Tu es da sxva amgvari sakiTxebi gamoirkvevoda,ufro kargi iqneboda.~ am faqtze igive kupraSvili Semdegkomentars akeTebs: `am werils miwerili aqvs fransua~,romelic gamoZiebis dros xomerikma Tavis fsevdonimadaRiara. magram xomeriki ganmartavs, rom werilSi mo-yvanili azri ekuTvnis mas da ara paritetul komitetsmTlianad.~ ix. saqme saqarTvelos antisabWoTa partiebisparitetuli komitetis Sesaxeb (sabraldebo daskvna) Tb.1925 w. gv. 36 am SemTxvevaSi, noe xomeriks Tavisi TanamebrZolebis_ pari-tetuli komitetis wevrebis dasmenis saukeTeso Sansi mieca.miuxedavad amisa, sulmdabloba ar gamoiCina, Rirseba Seina-rCuna da werilebis Sinaarsis mTeli pasuxismgebloba TavisTavze aiRo. es aris sinamdvile, romlis danaxva yvela imistorikosisTvisaa savaldebulo, romlebic winaswar amoCeme-buli tendenciuri Sexedulebebisgan Sors dgas.b.n. giorgi, isev gimeorebT: am SemTxvevaSiac qonda

ki n.xomeriks sxva gamosavali? vici, garkveuli mizezebisgamo, gvari xomeriki gezizReba, magram, rogorc istorikossda erovnul- ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis istoriis obi-eqturi mkvlevaris pretenziis mqone pirovnebas, ufleba argaqvs, l.berias uwyebisadmi monur morCilebaze uarismTqmel adamianebs Rirsebis SenarCuneba daukargoT. nuTuar SegeZlo, erTi sityva wamogcdenoda, rom noe xomerikmaTavisi TanamebrZolebi ar daasmina. l.berias uwyebam misganpirovnebebis dasaxelebis CamoTvlis_ dasmenis dokumentiver Seqmna. nuTu Tqven es faqti araferze miganiSnebs?

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pirdapir getyviT, n.xomerikis am gautexlobisadmi xelirom CageWidaT da wina planze wamogewiaT, maSin, noe xome-rikis politikuri figura warmoCndeboda, maRal safexurzeavidoda da m.javaxiSvilis Sesaxeb politikur miTs veRarSeqmnidiT! m.javaxiSvilis rogorc dakvirvebuli da gonieri~,`yvelaze Wkviani da dinji politikosis~ Tqveneuli miTi,n.xomerikis mizanmimarTulad Cawixvlaze da araraobamdedayvanis mcdelobazea agebuli! Tqveni wignis didi nawili,swored am mcdari `hipoTezis~ `mtkicebulebas~ eZRvneba.

kategoriulad moviTxov! momitaneT erTi sa-arqivo dokumenti, sadac, uSiSroebis jurRmu-lebSi nawamebi noe xomeriki, romelime Taname-brZols, arnawamebi mixeil javaxiSvilis msga-vsad asaxelebs_ asmens. (siyalbe ar gabedo. am saki-

TxTan mimarTebaSi Tqvens mier motanil nebismier masalasSesabamis saarqivo fondebSi gadavamowmeb). Segaxseneb, uSi-Sroebis samsaxuris jalaTebs, n.xomerikisgan TanamebrZloTadasmenis dokumenti rom Seeqmna, Tqven pirvel rigSi gamo-aqveynebdi, droSasaviT aafrialebdi da n.xomerikTan mimarTe-baSi Tqvens mowinaaRmdegeebs, saTqmelic araferi eqneboda.me piradad qeds vixri TanamebrZolebis ardamsmeni, arCamSvebida armoRalate politpatimarTa xsovnis winaSe. am SemTxveva-Si, arsebiT mniSvnelobas ar vaniWeb mis titulaturas, gva-rsa da genetikur warmomavlobas. 468 gverdian Tqvens wignSi,n.xomerikis Sesaxeb- Zagebisa da damamcrobeli binZuri epi-Tetebis garda, erT dadebiT abzacs ver amoikiTxavs adamiani.swored aq ikveTeba Tqveni gansakuTrebuli tendenciuroba.aseTi saTuTi problemis kvlevisas, pirvel rigSi unda ga-nxorcieldes dokumenturi masalis klasifikacia. erTmane-

Tisgan gimijnos damsmeni da ardamsmeni. es unda moxdesyovelgvari titulebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. Tuki amformiT mivudgebiT problemis kvlevasa da Sefasebas, isto-riis falsifikacias avicdenT. damsmensa da ardamsmens, Tav-Tavis adgils mivuCenT da Sesaferis Sefasebasac mivcemT,riTac sazogadoebas kalamburi gamonaTqvamebis gareSe vetyv-iT, Tu vin ucodveli da wminda sindidiT wavida sasufevelSi.Tuki amas gavakeTebT, maTi xsovnis winaSe pirnaTelni viqnebiT.

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Colokaevelobis~ likvidaciis m.javaxiSviliseuli gegma

amierkavkasiis sagangebo komisiis kolegiis Tavmjdomares. 1923 wlis 16 marti#5 mSvidobiani saSualebebiT Colokaevelobis~ likvidaciis

Taobaze Cemi baraTis ganmartebisa da SevsebismizniT mogaxsenebT Semdegs:~ ix. n.kirTaZe. kaen, sad aris

Zma Seni?! Tb. 1998 gv. 138`Colokaevelobis~ likvidacia konkretulad ase warmo-midgenia:~ n.kirTaZe. kaen, sad aris Zma Seni?! Tb. 1998 gv. 138 am dokumentis pirveli nawilis boloSi, Colokaevelobis~salikvidaciod SemuSavebul gegmas, m.javaxiSvili SemdegiformulirebebiT sTavazobs uSiSroebas: ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi_ im SemTxvevaSi Tu xelisufalTamxriv Tanxmoba iqneba_ piradad mogaxsenebT Cemgan Se-moTavazebuli gegmis yvela wvrilmans. axla ki Tavs nebasmivcem Tqveni yuradReba mivapyro or friad mniSvnelovangaremoebas:1)saWiroa viCqaroT am sakiTxis gadawyveta, Torem gazafxu-li modis_ is Cveulebrivi dro, roca yvela mousvenarielementi tyes miscems Tavs an mTebs miaSurebs. zomebiaxlave unda miviRoT, rom Tavidan aviciloT gazafxuli-saTvis mosalodneli Colokaevelobis~ gafarToeba.2)Cemi SemoTavazebuli idea da gegma uaRresad saidumlodunda davicvaT, raTa mowinaaRmdegis banaks dro dasaSualeba ar mivceT miiRos kontrzomebi da Colokaevsada sxvebze ukumimarTulebiT moaxdinos gavlena.

vTxov kolegiis Tavmjdomares, gamomiZaxos amsakiTxze, raTa piradad mivce ganmarteba daSevimuSaoT gegmis wvrilmanebi, Tu, ra Tqmaunda Cemi idea principulad miRebuli iqneba.~ix. n.kirTaZe. kaen, sad aris Zma Seni?! Tb. 1998 gv. 161

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Cemi komentari: m.jvaxiSvilis werilidan motanil am

amonawerebSi kargad Cans, rom yovelgvari muqarisa da Za-ldatanebis gareSe, igi amierkavkasiis sagangebo komisiiskolegiis Tavmjdomares iqeT exveweba, damatebiTi informa-ciis misacemad da wvrilmanebis gaTvaliswinebiT Coloka-evelobis~ srulad salikvidacio gegmis erToblivadSemuSavebis mizniT, masTan Sexvedraze da TanamSromlobazedaTanxmebuliyo. xazgasmiT minda aRvniSno, rom m.javaxiSvi-lis mier gamoyenebuli Colokaevelobis~ cneba, q.ColoyaSvi-lis SeiaraRebul razmTan erTad, mis ideur mxardamWerebsacgulisxmobda. amis dadasturebas, imave dokumentis is nawiliwarmoadgens, sadac `Colokaevelobis~ mavne da saxifaTomovlenad gamocxadebis mxardamWerTa Sesaxebaa saubari.`ueWvelia, am ideas- wers igi- winaaRmdegobas gauwevs saerTomosaxleobis sxvadasxva fenis ficxi xalxi, da kerZod, saqa-rTveloSi moqmed partiaTa saomrad ganwyobili nawilebi.~q.ColoyaSvilis razmis, misi mxardamWeri `ficxi xalxisa~da politikuri partiebis warmomadgenelTa likvidacia undamomxdariyo im gegmis mixedviT, romelsac m.javaxiSvilisTavazobda amierkavkasiis sagangebo komisiis kolegiis Ta-vmjdomares. masTan Sesaxvedrad dawerili zemoaRniSnuliTxovnac, am gegmis warmatebiT ganxorcielebas isaxavda mi-znad. sukis sardafebSi dakiTxul patimarTa Soris daweriliCvenebebis Cems mier saguldadulod Seswavlam daadastura,rom m.javaxiSvili erTaderTi pirovnebaa, romelic piradiiniciativiT werils ugzavnis uSiSroebis maRalCinosans,masTan pirispir Sexvedras moiTxovs da zemoaRniSnuli gegmiserToblivad Sedgenis rogorc iniciatori, maTgan yuradRebismipyrobas cdilobs. rac Seexeba mSvidobiani saSualebebiT`Colokaevelobis~ likvidacias~, ara Tu `yvelaze Wkvian~,aramed saSualo donis politikossac unda scodnoda, romiaraRasxmuli q.ColoyaSvili da misi razmi, sabWoTa xelisu-flebis dauZinebel mtrebad iyo aRqmuli da `mSvidobianigziT Semorigebis~ satyuara saSualebebiT, TiToeul maTgans,gansakuTrebiT q.ColoyaSvils_ umkacresi ganaCeniT dasjida. b-n. giorgi, Tqveni wignis 286- e gverdze werT, rom rom`sabWoTa periodis istoriuli warsulis simarTle imdenadrTuli amosacnobia, rom igi ver itans zedapirul gancxade-bebs da moiTxovs kvalificiur midgomas, xangrZlivi da

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mZime samuSaos Sesrulebas, da araviTar SemTxvevaSi kompila-ciur Cxirkedeleobas da didi braldebis TiTo –orola,isic saeWvo wyaroze dafuZnebas.~ savsebiT marTals brZanebT.magram, am CamonaTvalSi gamogrCaT erTi mniSvnelovanifaqtori_ dokumentisadmi obieqturi da tendenciuroba-daZleuli midgoma. rogor fiqrobT: 1)m.javaxiSvilis Cvene-

bidan zemoT motanili amonawerebi (# 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) saeWvowyaros warmoadgens? 2)sabraldebo daskvnaSi n.xomerikisCvenebidan damowmebuli amonawerbi esec saeWvo wyaroa? amori pirovnebis Cvenebebis SedarebiTi analizi, yovelgvaritendenciurobisgan gantvirTul adamians ra daskvnas ga-akeTebinebs? ratom ggoniaT, rom didi mwerali, adamianuriTvisebebis unaklo matarebeli, didi politikosi, mimdinarepolitikuri procesebis yvelaze ukeT Semfasebeli da alRosamRebi unda iyos? aseTi winaswari akviatebuli Sexedulebaganapirobebs tendenciurobas da simarTlis mrude sarkeSidanaxvas.

1924 wlis ajanyebis gmirebi eqstremist-

avanturistebi?!...

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis moZule qarTvelibolSevikebi, 1924 wlis agvistos ajanyebis damarcxebisSemdeg gakeTebul Semajamebel moxsenebebSi, momxdarfaqts Semdegi saxis kvalifikacias aZlevda:

1)g.k..orjonikiZe. `menSevikebis avanturisSesaxeb~ (sityva warmoTqmuli Tbilisis sabWos

sxdomaze 1924 wlis 5 seqtemberi) t.1. Tb. 1957 w. gv. 437-453

2)m.kaxiani. `avanturam gaanadgura menSevikuripartia~. gv. 30`avantura da inteligencia~. gv. 30;`avantura da saqarTvelos glexoba~. gv. 32;

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`menSevikebis avantura iyo ubralo banditu-ri gamosvla~ gv. 37 ix. m.kaxiani. menSevikebi samuSa-

oze. Tb. 1924 w.

3)m.cxakaia. l.RoRoberiZe. `menSavikuri avantu-riT pirdapir Seejaxa erTmaneTs ori saqarTve-lo~ ix. gaz. komunisti~ 1924. #204

`menSevikebisa da Tavadebis sazizRari avantu-ris likvidaciis Sesaxeb~ ix. saqarTvelos saxalxo

komisarTa sabWosagan. gaz. komunisti~ 1924 w. #201

`menSevikebis avantura WiaTura- saCxereSi~ ix.

gaz. `komunisti~ 1924. #202

Cemi komentari: jer kidev arajanyebuli da ajanyebis

samzadisSi myofi adamianebis saqmianobis g.ciciSviliseuliSefasebebi, romlis Sesaxebac qvemoT meqneba saubari, bolSe-vikebis zemoaRniSnul Sefasebebze ufro radikaluria. TukibolSevikebi, ajanyebis Sefasebas mTlianobaSi axdenda damas avanturis diagnozs asvamda, maTgan gansxvavebiT, b-n.g.ciciSvili cdilobs, SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebiT~ win ga-uswros XX saukunis 20- iani wlebis bolSevikebs. igi axa-li braldebebiT damZimebuli da safexurebrivad aRmamsvle-li damamcirebeli titulaturiT `amkobs~ ajanyebisTvismosamzadebeli pirobebis Tavgadadebulad mzrunvel poli-tikur da samxedro moRvaweebs. arcerT maTgans ar indobsda avanturistebad, + eqstremistebad, + erovnuli saSiSro-ebis Zalad + mravali ubedurebis momtanad acxadebs. ix.g.ciciSvili. simarTle 1921- 1923 wlebis erovnuli moZraobisada mixeil javaxiSvilis politikuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb.Tb. 2003 w.

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g.ciciSviliseuli Sefasebebi:

`antisabWoTa eqstremistul- avanturistuli brZolisyofil organizatorebis, Semdgom emigranti avtorebis mo-gonebebSi 1921- 1923 wlebis antisabWoTa erovnuli moZraobagagebuli iyo ise, TiTqos misTvis damaxasiaTebeli mTavariniSani iyo 1922 wlis antisabWoTa ajanyebis organizeba da1923 wlis dasawyisSi ajanyebis organizebisaTvis mudmivipraqtikuli mecadineoba.~ g.ciciSvili. gv. 21

`k.afxazis, rogorc eqstremistuli mimdinareobisxelmZrvanelis Sesaxeb zemoT nawilobriv ukve visaubreT.~g.ciciSvili. gv.156 `antisabWoTa erovnuli moZraobis sawyis etapze aRmoCnda

ori ZiriTadi mimdinareoba: pirveli, SedarebiT mkafioeqstremistuli ganwyobilebisa, romelsac mxars uWersgenerali k.afxazi, agreTve erovnul- demokratiuli

partiis garkveuli nawili...~ g.ciciSvili. gv.157

`eqstremisti erovnul- demokratebis da samxedroebis

jgufs... saTaveSi edga k.afxazi. 1922 wlis zafxulis

dasawyisis mdgomareobis mixedviT, eqstremistebis amjgufis meTauri k.afxazi, erovnul- demokratebis ck-

is wevris S.amirejibis Tanaxmad....~ g.ciciSvili. gv.157

`erovnul- demokratiul partiaSi d.vaCnaZe da k.afxaziam dros, rogorc saTanado wyaroebiT dasturdeba, eqstre-mistul poziciaze daganan. maTi es pozicia ewinaaRmdegeba...saerTod `damkomis~ da `samxedro centris~ pozicias.g.ciciSvili. gv. 199

`is ki naRdad irkveva, rom eqstremisti_ avanturi-stebis erTi nawili, Tundac d.vaCnaZis saxiT, angariSs

ar uwevda antisabWoTa brZolis erTiani centris~ da aja-nyebis udroo ganxorcielebis azrs. rogorc Cans, iyo sxva

damatebiTi motivebi, romlebic eqstremistebs avanturi-sken ubiZgenda...~ g.ciciSvili. gv. 200

erovnul- demokrati samxedroebis binebSi imarTeboda ko-nspiraciuli TaTbirebi. aqtiur monawileebs Soris naxsenebi

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arian: d.vaCnaZe, S.falavandiSvili, m.laSqaraSvili, r.musxeli-Svili, iv.narikelaZe, al.andronikaSvili, iliko maxaraZe,g.winamZRvariSvili, m.iSxneli, s. bagration- muxraneli da

mravali sxvani. Cans, maTi ideuri sulisCamdgmelik.afxazi iyo. aq ixileboda momavali ajanyebis organizaci-

uli sakiTxebi, isaxeboda gegmebi, xorcieldeboda konkretuliamocanebi. magram am samzadisSi CarTuli iyo antisabWoTa

brZolis erTi, separatistuli, eqstremistul- avantu-ristuli nawili, romlebsac mxardamWerebi moepoveboda

metnaklebad TiTqmis yvela politikur partiaSi...~g.ciciSvili. gv. 180 cnobili eqstremistis, avanturistuli taqtikis avto-ri mxardamWeris S.amirejibisTvis ajanyeba aris protes-tis `sajaro erovnuli...~ g.ciciSvili. gv. 176 `ai aq aris mTavari `samxedro centris~ da erovnul- de-mokratebis samxedro centris~ SeuTanxmeblobis saTave,anu avanturis dasawyisi~. g.ciciSvili. gv. 177

`n.xomerikis eqstremistul- avanturistulimimdinareobis mxardaWera, an partiis legalizacia-

erovnuli moZraobis dakvirvebulma, goniermawarmomadgenlebma (m.javaxiSvili, k.misabliSvilida sxv.) qveynis saerTaSoriso da saSinao mdgomareobidan

da, maSasadame SeiaraRebuli ajanyebis damRu-pveli perspeqtivebis Semecnebidan gamomdi-nare, jer kidev samxedro centris~ dapatimrebamde, mxari

dauWires eqstremistul- avanturistul moZraobaze uarisTqmas da partiuli organizaciis legalizacias.~ g.cici-Svili. gv. 373- 374

Cemi komentari: XX saukunis saqarTvelos politikur

sivrces, m.javaxiSvilisa da k.misablisvilis saxiT, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobaSi Turme, mxolod ori dakvi-rvebuli da gonieri politikuri figura yolia. danarCenebi,politikuri da samxedro SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebiT ugunurni,uWkuoni da nulovan sfexuramde dasuli yofilan, radganar iziarebdnen m.javaxiSvil_ k.misabliSvilis mxridan SeTa-

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vazebul da sabWoTa xelisuflebisTvis misaReb gegmebs:a)SeiaraRebuli ajanyebis armowyobas da dampyrobeli qveynis

warmomadgenlebTan TanamSromlobas; b)partiis legaliza-cias da Sesabamisi samTavrobo uwyebis kontrolis qveS mo-qcevas. rac Seexeba opoziciuri partiis sabWoTa pirobebSilegalizaciis SesaZleblobas, amis TvalsaCinoebis saukeTesonimuSs, memarcxene socialist- federalistTa partiis 1921-1923 wlebis legaluri saqmianobis istoria warmoadgens.mxedvelobaSi maqvs, sabWoTa xelisuflebidan am partiisyoveli nabijis gakontroleba, partiis, rogorc politikurioganizaciis TiTqmis araraobamde dayvana da sabWoTa xelisu-flebisTvis misaRebi `prokrustes sarecelze~ danarcxeba.swored aseTi afsurdis winaaRmdegi iyo, erovnul- ganmaTa-visuflebeli moZraobis politikuri da samxedro eli-taruli warmomadgenloba. maT kargad qondaT gacnobiere-buli, rom sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobism.javaxiSvil- k.misabliSvilis gegma, erovnul- ganmaTavi-suflebeli moZraobis politikur kapitulacias, arsebulisaokupacio xelisuflebasTan Sezrda- Sexorcebas da qa-rTvelTa cnobierebaSi Cakiruli Tavisuflebaze ocnebissamudamod amoSanTvas niSnavda.

saqarTvelos kompartiis cekas samdivnos 1930 wlis 11 agvistos daxurul sxdomaze l.berias moxsenebidan_ amonaweri.

(saqme exeba erovnul- demokratiuli partiis warmomadgene-lis mier SeiaraRebuli ajanyebis v.juReli- al.zaqariaZissamxedro gegmis uSiSroebisadmi fostiT gadagzavnas).

`xSiraT iyo SemTxveva, rom erTi partia, mag. nacional- demo-kratebi cnobas gvaZlevda meore partiis zogierTi pirebisSesaxeb maTi Tavidan moSorebis mizniT. Tqven iciT, romajanyebis dros nacional- demokratebs surdaT moZraobismeTauroba da hegemonis xelSi aReba, amitom isini ebrZodnen

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menSevikebs... jer iyo da movida cnoba, maTi komitetis wevriswinamZRvariSvilis Sesaxeb, romelic iyo yvelaze aqtiuridamcveli menSevikebTan gulwrfeli TanamSromlobis. SemdegundodaT ra menSevikuri samxedro Zalebis daqsaqsva, CvenmiviReT cnoba menSevikebis samxedro xelmZRvaneli nodiasSesaxeb da isic SevipyariT. maTi saSualebiT CavigdeT Cvenv.juRelic xelSi da miviReT agreTve fostiT ajanyebispirveli gegma, romliTac gavstexeT juReli da isavalaparakeT.~ (scssa. 2117. saq. 295)

Cemi komentari. l.berias moxsenebaSi motanili faqtebi

simarTled unda miviCnioT, radgan: 1)zemoaRniSnuli TaTbiridaxurul formatSi mimdinareobda, saagitacio- propagandi-stul datvirTvas ar atarebda da ganvlili periodis umniSv-nelovanesi faqtebis_ TaTbiris monawileebisadmi informa-ciis saxiT miwodebas isaxavda miznad; 2)es moxseneba, SeiaraRe-buli ajanyebidan 6 wlis Semdeg gakeTda. igi gamarjvebulisabWoTa xelisuflebis uSiSroebis uwyebis 1921_ 1930 wlebissaqmianobis Sejamebas da samomavlo gegmebis srulyofasiTvaliswinebda; 3)l.berias aRniSnuli moxseneba, antisabWoTapolitikuri partiebis diskreditaciaze rom yofiliyo ga-Tvlili, TaTbiris masalebTan erTad gasajarovdeboda dafarTo sazogadoebisTvisac xelmisawvdomi gaxdebda.

b-n. g.ciciSvils, minda Sevaxseno, rom qveynisTvismravali ubedurebis momtanebad, damRupveli pe-rspeqtivebis Semmecneblebad is adamianebi iqcnen,vinc ajanyebis xelmZRvaneli birTvi_ moazro-vne Tavebi~ CauSva, sabWoTa xelisuflebas 1923wlis 21 maiss maTi daxvretis SesaZleblobamisca da rac mTavaria, ajanyebis samxedro gegmauSiSroebas fostiT gadaugzavna da ajanyebisdawyebamde 15 dRiT adre, umniSvnelovanesistrategiuli obieqtebis winaswri gamagrebisaucileblobaze mianiSna..

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g.ciciSvilis mxardamWerebo, iciTO vin iyo konstantine afxazi?..

1917- 1920 wlebis politikuri procesebi da konstantine afxazi

b-n, giorgi, Tqvens mier erovnul- demokratebis ck da kerZodmisi prezidiumis `yvelaze Wkvian da dinj politikosad~gamocxadebuli (g.cic. gv. 241) m.javaxiSvili ar Cana saqarTve-los pirveli erovnuli yrilobis (1917 wlis 19- 24 noemberi)muSaobaSi. igi erovnuli yrilobis mier arCeuli 10 seqciidanarcerTis xelmZRvanelad ar aris dasaxelebuli.

seqciebi: 1)erovnul- politikuri sakiTxis seqcia_ Ta-

vmjdomare iv.gobeCia; 2)saerobo reformis seqcia_ Tavmjdo-mare m.maCabeli; 3)jaris nacionalizaciis seqcia_ Tavmjdo-mare i.gedevaniSvili; 4)skola da universitetis seqcia- Ta-vmjdomare iv.javaxiSvili; 5)administraciis seqcia_ Ta-vmjdomare gr.giorgaZe; 6)iusticiis seqcia_ TavmjdomareS.mesxiSvili; 7)safinanso seqcia_ Tavmjdomare n.nikolaZe;8)sasursaTo seqcia_ Tavmjdomare il.qarcivaZe; 9)Tavadazna-urTa qonebis seqcia_ Tavmjdomare ak.Cxenkeli; 10)janmrTe-lobis seqcia_ dimitri javxiSvili. erovnuli yrilobis muSaobis procesSi, gansakuTrebuliadgili erovnul- politikur seqcias mieniWa. masSi yrilobismonawile 4 politikuri partiis warmomadgenlebi iyo gaerTi-anebuli. erovnul- demokratebidan: g.gvazava, gr.veSapeli,vas.wereTeli, S.amirejibi, t.tabiZe, l.jafariZe, d.gurami-Svili, ir.amirejibi. erovnul- demokratebis yvelaze Wkvianda dinj politikur figurad Tqvens mier gamocxadebulim.javaxiSvili aqac ar Cana. am seqcias saqarTvelos orienta-ciis sakiTxi unda gadaewtvita da masSi yvela is politikurifigura iyo warmodgenili, romlebic Tavisi politikuriazrovnebiT gamoirCeodnen. Tqvens mier eqstremistad da avanturistad gamocxade-

bulma konstantine afxazma, am goliaTma qarTvelma,

didma sazogado da politikurma moRvawem, sworad Seafasamimdinare politikuri procesebi da erovnuli saxelmwifos

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aRsadgeni safexuris mosamzadeblad myar fundaments CauyarasafuZveli. misi piradi iniciativiT da pasuxismgeblobiTmomzadda Tbilisis guberniis TavadaznaurTa qonebis qarTve-lTa erovnul sakuTrebad gamocxadebis samarTlebrivi baza.aseTi saxis dokumentebiT dasabuTebuli moxsenebiT warsdgaigi saqarTvelos erovnuli yrilobis 1917 wlis 21 noembrissxdomaze. k.afxazis moxseneba daedo safuZvlad Tbilisisguberniis TavadaznaurTa qonebis (oqros kursiT 60 milioni),qarTveli eris sakuTrebad gamocxadebas. rac Seexeba quTa-isis guberniis TavadaznaurTa qonebas, d.niJaraZem analogiuriprocedura ganaxorciela da mis movla- patronobaze pasuxi-smgebloba saqarTvelos erovnul sabWos daakisra. Tbilisisada quTaisis guberniebis qarTvel TavadaznaurTa qonebadaedo safuZvlad saqarTvelos erovnuli fondis~ Seqmnas.am fondSi ganTavsebuli qonebis safasurs daefuZnasaqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos funqcionireba, saqarTvelosdamoukideblobis gamocxadeba, qarTuli erovnuli fulismoWra (1919 weli) da erovnuli saxelmwifos mSenebloba.saqarTvelos pirveli respublikis sakanonmdeblo aqtebiiyo is saZirkveli, romelzedac daSenda 70 wliani erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebli moZraoba da am saqmeSi lomis wiliTqvens mier eqstremistad da avanturistad gamocxadebulkonstantine afxazs miuZrvis. dawvrilebiT ixileT g.saiTiZe.swamda samSoblos aRorZineba (konstantine afxazi) Tb.1997 w. erovnul- demokratebma, Tavisi partiis `dakvirvebuli~,`gonieri,~ `yvelaze Wkviani da dinji~ politikosim.javaxiSvili, erovnuli sabWos SemadgenlobaSiac ar Seiyvanada saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqtze xelmowerisSesaZlebloba ar Seuqmna. metic, igi damfuZnebeli krebissaarCevno siaSi 42- e adgilze iqna dasaxelebuli. m.javaxi-Svilis politikuri naazrevi ar figurirebs saqarTvelospirveli respublikis saxelmwifoebrivi aRmSeneblobis yve-laze mniSvnelovan problemebTan mimarTebaSi: agrarulisakiTxi, erovnul umciresobaTa uflebebis sakiTxi, saqarTve-los teritoriuli sazRvrebis sakiTxi, saqarTvelos admini-straciul erTeulebad gadamijvnis sakiTxi, ganaTlebis sa-kiTxi da a.S. es imas niSnavs, rom qarTveli erisTvis sasico-cxlo mniSvnelobis monakveTSi (1918- 1921 wlis Tebervali,

29

1028 dRe), m.javaxiSvilis politikuri aqtivoba ar SeiniSneba.saqarTvelos okupaciis Semdeg, tungusis meteoritiviTzecidan Camofrinda m.javaxiSvilis, rogorc `dakvirvebuli~,`gonieri,~ `yvelaze Wkviani da dinji politikosoba?~saqarTvelos gasabWoeba da uSiSroebisadmi micemuli Cvene-bebi iyo saWiro misi politikosobis gamosavlenad? misimxridan uSiSroebisadmi micemuli zemoaRniSnuli Cvenebebisavtori, SeiZleba ki CaiTvalos `yvelaze Wkvian da dinjpolitikosad~_ n.xomerikis Cvenebebis fonze? am kTxvebzepasuxi sazogadoebisadmi mimindvia. yovelive zemoTqmulidan

gamomdinare ismeba kiTxva: visi dakveTa SeasruleTb.n. giorgi! an vis sWirdeba m.javaxiSvilis didipolitikosobis Sesaxeb miTi? saqarTvelos pirveli

respublikis fundamentis Semqmnels, saqarTveloze uzomodSeyvarebul da qarTvelTa saficar pirovnebas kostantineafxazs, Tqven eqstremistad da avanturistad acxadebT, radgansaqarTvelos deokupaciis sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi, kostantineafxazisa da mixeil javaxiSvilis Sexedulebebi erTmaneTsar daemTxva. konstantine afxazi qarTveli eris istoriaSi eqstremistida avanturisti ki ara, didi sazogado da politikurifiguraa, iseve rogorc qarTuli kulturis istoriaSi mixeiljavaxiSvili didi mwerali. rogorc konstantine afxazsar sWirdeba da arc SeSvenis mwerlis titulis miwebeba, isemixeil javaxiSvilsac ar sWirdeba da arc SeSvenis xelovnu-rad gamogonili politikosis titulis kiserze Camokonwi-aleba. amiT Tqven b-n. giorgi, did mwerals SeuracyofasayenebT, daTvur samsaxurs~ uwevT da amcrobT. xels uwyobTyvela im dokumenturi masalis gamomzeurebas da analizs,romelic nebsiT Tu uneblied m.javaxiSvilis adamianurcdomilebas_ TanamebrZolTa CaSvebas adasturebs.

TanamebrZloTa arCamSvebi noe xomeriki -avanturisti da ubedurebis momtani?

g.ciciSvili: saqarTvelos imdroindel situaciaSi n.xome-rikis da v.mgalobliSvilis mizani ar Seesabameboda realur

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SesaZleblobebs da SeeZlo didi ubedurebis motana. magramn.xomerikis Camosvlidan erT garkveul periodSi mis mecadine-obas jer kidev ar qonda avanturizmisa da erovnuli saSi-Sroebis Zala. amitom iyo, rom m.javaxiSvili da misi Tanamo-azre_ TanamebrZolebi jerjerobiT mxolod ganze iwevenda frTxiloben. xolo roca ukve mkafiod gamovlinda n.xo-merikis mcdeloba da misi mZime Sedegebi, memarjvenefederalistebic da erovnul- demokratebis erTi nawilic,maT Soris k.misabliSvili da m.javaxiSvilic,.... principuladupirispirdebian mas, agreTve mis mier gadabirebuli~ ero-vnul- demokratebis taqtikas.~ g.ciciSvili. gv. 185- 186g.ciciSvili: `n.xomerikis taqtika~ da moqmedeba mravaliubedurebis momtani gaxda~. g.ciciSvili. gv. 188

Cemi komentari: b-n giorgi, Tqveni mtkicebiT~, ramdenadac

n.xomerikis saqmianoba avanturizmsa~ da erovnuli saSiSro-ebis Zalas,~ ubedurebis motanas~ emsaxureboda da Seusaba-mobaSi modioda sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan Caxutebis~ m.java-xiSviliseul poziciasTan, ismeba kiTxva: politikuri sarbi-elidan Camocilebis mizniT xom ar moxda m.javaxiSvilismxridan n.xomerikis Segnebulad dasmena? sakiTxis aseTiformiT dayeneba, Tqvens wignSi m.javaxiSvil- n.xomerikTanmimarTebaSi motanili msjelobebidan da n.xomerikisadmiwayenebuli braldebebidan gamomdinare logikur kategori-

aSi jdeba.

g.ciciSvili: `m.jvaxiSvili `samxedro komisiaSi~ edp- sck- ma imitom waradgina, rom igi, ise rogorc `samxedrocentris~ brZeni specialistebi, yovelTvis winaaRmdegi iyoajanyebis praqtikuli organizebisa. e.i. amiT edp- is ck- ma

n.xomeriks imTaviTve Seuqmna avanturistuli moqmede-bis damuxruWebis meqanizmi.~ ciciSvili. gv. 242

Cemi komentari: 1)b-n. giorgi, n.xomerikis avanturistuli

moqmedebis damuxruWebis meqanizmis~ erT- erT saxeobas, uSi-SroebaSi m.javaxiSvilis mxridan misi dasmena (ix. dokumenti# 3) xom ar warmoadgenda? 2)Tuki `samxedro centris brZenispecialistebi~ ajanyebis momzadebis winaaRmdegni iyvnen,maSin ra saWiro iyo `samxedro centris~ saerTod arseboba.ratom daSlilad ar gamoacxades igi, an ra undodaT iseT`centrSi~, romelic mudamJams uSiSroebis TvalTvalis, misi

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wevrebis yoveli nabijis aRnusxvis, moqmedebisa da adamiane-bTan urTierTobis miyuradebis obieqts warmoadgenda?nuTu im `brZenma specialistebma~ ver gaacnobiera, rom erTmSvenier dRes, am antisabWoTa aralegarul organoSi saqmiano-bas, uSiSroeba gauxsenebda da maTTan erTad, yvela im adamiane-bs moTxovda pasuxs, romlebTanac mis wevrebs urTierTobaakavSirebda?g.ciciSvili: n.xomerikma 1923 wlis martamde, vidre zomieriradikalebi erovnul moZraobaSi dominirebul mdgomareobasqmnidnen, arsebiTad veraferi gaakeTa... man asazrdova mxolodeqstremistebis avanturistuli miswrafebebi.~ g.ciciSvili.gv. 244

Cemi komentari: Tuki n.xomerikma marTlac asazrdova

`eqstremizmis da avanturizmis~ miswrafebebi, rogorc TqvenswignSia warmodgenili b-n. giorgi, maSin igi uaRresad gavleni-ani figura da didi organizatori yofila. umniSvnelo po-litikans, SeiaraRebuli ajanyebis samzadisSi Cabmuli qar-TvelTa rCeuli politikuri da samxedro gigantebi siaxlo-esac ar gaikarebda. mis yovel sityvasa da moqmedebas araTu masazrdoebel wyarod, aramed sasacilod gaxdida. Tukiamas ver akeTebdnen da angariSs uwevdnen n.xomerikis Sexe-dulebebs da pragmatuli xasiaTis gadawyvetilebebs, es imasniSnavs, rom igi arc ise xelwamosakrav da gawuruli Cvarisdoneze myof politikur figurad aRiqmeboda, rogori saxis`portretiTac~ warudgineT mkiTxvel sazogadoebas.

eqstremist- avanturizmis, mravali ubedu-rebis momtani taqtikidn da damRupveliperspeqtivebis Semecnebidan _ saukunovani brZolis apoTeozamde!

1924 wlis agvistos erovnuli ajanyebis 90- e wlisTavisadmimiZRvnili samecniero konferenciis (2014 wlis 15- 16 oqtombe-ri) masalebSi dabeWdil publikaciaSi_ `saxelmwifo politi-

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kuri sammarTvelo (`Ceka~) qarTuli antisabWoTa brZolisada 1924 wlis ajanyebis mesveurTa winaaRmdeg~ b-n. g.ciciSvi-li Tavisi statiis teqsts ase iwyebs:g.ciciSvili: qarTveli xalxis 1924 wlis ajanyebam naTlad

warmoaCina Cveni eris yvela socialuri fenisa da politi-kuri mrwamsis mqone partiul- sazogadoebrivi gaerTianebiswarmomadgenelTa saerTo azriT nakarnaxevi samSoblos damo-ukideblobisa da socialuri problemebis mogvarebis miza-ndasaxuloba. ajanyebis mzadebisa da ganxorcielebis dros

masobrivad daRvrilma sisxlma msofliosuCvena saqarTvelos antiimperiuli, saukunovanibrZolis apoTeozi. man Cvens ers moupova saerTaSorisoTanagrZnoba da aRiareba. meore internacionalis liderebisgamoTqmiT, maT droSas aqamde Tu damoukideblobisTvis

mebrZoli poloneTis saxeli ewera, axla igi saqarTvelossaxeliT damSvenda... 1924 wlis ajanyebis liderTa da monawileTaZalisxmevam SaravandediT Semkuli furceliSesZina Cvens istorias da gaaZliera erispatriotuli suliskveTeba.~ ix. 1924 wlis agvistos

erovnuli ajanyebis 90- e wlisTavi~. parizi- Tbilisi.2016. gv.76

Cemi komentari: Cemo mkiTxvelo, ar minda davijero, ma-

gram faqtia, rom es Sefaseba b-n. giorgi ciciSvils ekuTvnis.pirovnebas, romelmac 1924 wlis agvistos ajanyebis moma-mzadebeli da misi ganmaxorcielebeli gmirebi eqstremi-stebad, avanturistebad, erovnuli ubedurebis momtanitaqtikis gamtareblebad da damRupveli perspeqtivebis(momavlis gegmebi) Semqmnelebad gamoacxada. raodensasixaruloa, rom am faqtidan (2003 weli) 11 wlis gasvlisSemdeg man gansacvifrebeli metamorfoza ganicada da 1924wlis ajanyebis gmirebis Rvawls, obieqturi Sefaseba misca.aq sakamaTo da sadao araferia. miuxedavad amisa, b-n. g.cici-Svils SekiTxviT minda mivmarTo: okupanti qveynis xeli-suflebasTan TanamSromlobis m.javaxiSviliseuli

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`wawolis~ kursi, gaxdeboda Tu ara `saqarTvelos anti-imperiuli, saukunovani brZolis apoTeozi?~, an`SaravandediT Semkul furcels SesZenda Cvensistorias?~ Tu es gakeTda, im adamianTa damsaxurebaa, visacTqven, b-n. giorgi, eqstremistebad, avanturistebad, mravaliubedurebis taqtikis gamtareblebad, damRupveli perspeqti-vebis Semqmnelebad moixseniebT. sakiTxavia, rodis ambobTsimarTles: 2003 wels gamoqveynebul naSromSi Tu, 2016 welsdbeWdil publikaciaSi? b-n. giorgi, simon bagration- muxranelma, 1923 wlis 21maiss daxvretis win TanamebrZolebs mimarTa: ratom tiriT,vaJkacebi ara xarT, Tqven xom iciT, ratomac vkvdebiT, memxolod is madardebs samSoblosTvis veraferi rom vergavakeTeT, magram Cvens ukan rCeba xalxi, romelic CvensgasakeTebels gaakeTebs da Cvenc imqveynad gavigebT, rocasaqarTvelo iqneba Tavisufali. gaumarjos TavisufalsaqarTvelos!~ es didebuli pirovneba, saqarTvelos TavisuflebasTanerTad imasac gaigebda, rom 1)okupant saxelmwifosTan urTi-erTobisa da TanamSromlobis m.javaxiSviliseuli wawo-lis~ kursis gamfetiSebelma istorikosma g.ciciSvilma,XXI saukunis dasawyisSi, misi TanamebrZolebi, 1922- 1924wlebis erovnul- ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis gmirebi

eqstremistebad, avanturistebad, qveynisTvis mra-vali ubedurebis da damRupveli perspeqtivebismomtanad rom gamoacxada. gansakuTrebuli cinizmi ima-

Siac gamovlinda, roca sabWoTa xelisuflebisgan vakisparkSi daxvretil mamuliSvilTa sapativcemulod gamarTulRonisZiebaze (2017 wlis 20 maisi), misma organizatorebma,am gmirebis zemoaRniSnuli epiTetebiT Semamkobeli b-n.giorgi ciciSvili rom miiwvia. am faqtiT, maT wminda saxe-lebs erTxel kidev miayenes Seuracyofa. b-n. giorgi, Tqvens mier eqstremist_ avanturistad Seracxu-lma didima konstantine afxazma daxvretis win ganacxada:`me vkvdebi sixaruliT, radgan Rirsi gavxdi saqarTvelossamsxverploze zvarakad mitanisa. Cemi sikvdili gamarjvebasmoutans saqarTvelos.~

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konstantine afxazis, simon bagration- muxranelisa damisi msgavsi, samSoblosTvis gmirulad TavSewiruli adamiane-bis SemarTebam, mTeli 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi asazrdova anti-imperiuli, qarTvelTa erovnul- ganmaTavisuflebeli mo-Zraoba. maTma sulTa yivilma unda gamoafxizlos dRevande-li axalgazrdobis is nawili, romelic `taS- fandurasaa~ayolili. ufros TaobasTan erTad, eris gadarCenis droSaRirseulad ataros, Cvens saTayvanebel samSobloze mizanmima-rTulad ganxorcielebuli masonTa da msoflio moqalaqe-obis motrfiale kosmopolitTa Semotevebi moigerios. amasmivaRwevT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki a)monobis uRlisdamsxvrevisTvis mebrZoli, megobarTa arCamSvebi da ardamsmeniadamianebis saxelsa da xsovnas gaufrTxildebiT; b)samSo-blos Tavisuflebaze uzomod Seyvarebul da sabWoTa uSiSr-oebisgan nawameb am goliaT gmirebs, Tqvens mier moxmobiliumsgavso sityvaTa leqsikis (eqstremisti, avanturisti, ero-vnuli ubedurebis momtani, mravali ubedurebis taqtikisgamtarebeli...) titulaturiT ar SeuracvyofT!.. istoriuli procesebis mrude sarkeSi danaxvidan gamomdi-nare, mixeil javaxiSvilis `dinji da yvelaze Wkviani~politikuri figuris xelovnurad Seqmnis motivaciiT, Tqvenb-n. giorgi, XX saukunis 20- iani wlebis sabWoTa imperiismonobis uRlis dasamsxvrevad mebrZoli qarTuli sazogado-ebriv- politikuri azris mesaWeni, saqarTvelos damoukide-blobis misaRwevad pragmatuli RonisZiebebis gamtareblebigawireT. m.javaxiSvilis `wawolis politikis~ argamziare-blebi da dampyroblebTan TanamSromlobaze arwamsvleliqarTuli politikuri da samxedro elitaruli intelige-

nciis warmomadgenlebi, erTi xelis mosmiT_ eqstremiste-bad, avanturistebad, qveynisTvis ubedurebismomtani politikuri kursis gamtareblebad- e.i.faqtobriv `damnaSaveebad~ gamoacxadeT. amqmedebiT, 1922- 1924 wlebis erovnul- ganma-Tavisuflebeli moZraobis usaflao gmirebiswminda saxelebs sulSi CaafurTxeT.Turme nu ityviT, dampyrobel jalaTTan `wawola~ da

monobis uRlis tareba, TanamebrZolTa saqmianobis Sesasxeb

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mtrisadmi informaciis miwodeba, politikosis siWkvianisganmsazRvreli yofila. g.ciciSviliseuli am samarcxvino`debulebis~ gamarTlebis mcdelobas da dampyrobelTanTanamSromlobis m.javaxiSviliseuli Sexedulebis argamzi-arebelTa, qarTuli sazogadoebriv- politikuri da samxe-dro elitaruli inteligenciis udidesi nawilis, qarTvelieris saamayo gmirebis Zagebas, augad xsenebas emsaxurebamisi sqeltaniani (468 gverdi) naSromi. g.ciciSvilsa da misfanebs aviwydebaT~, rom antisabWour, erovnul- ganmaTavisu-flebel moZraobaSi qarTvelTa modgmis umetesoba, mterTanarwawolisa da ar TanamSromlobis politikis mimdevarniiyvnen. am faqtis siswores, gasabWoebuli saqarTvelos xeli-suflebis umaRlesi eSelonebis warmomadgenlebic aRiare-bdnen. amis dadasturebas, 1924 wlis Semodgomaze, b.lominaZismier m.kaxianisadmi gagzavnili piradi werili warmoadgens.am dokumentSi vkiTxulobT: `es ajanyeba ar yofila mxolodmenSevikebis plus aznaurebisa da Tavadebis gamosvla. masTiTqmis mTeli inteligencia TanaugrZnobda. inteligenciismniSvnelovani nawili (soflis maswavlebeli) masSi uSu-alod monawileobda, xolo zogierT mazraSi menSevikebTan,aznaurebTan, oficrebTan, mRvdlebTan, vaWrebTan da intelige-nciasTan erTad ajanyebaSi glexobac monawileobda.~ ix.Jurn. `saqarTvelos komunisti~ 1989 w. # 3. gv. 42. Tu sadme saxalxo xasiaTi hqonda ajanyebas, es iyo guriaSida amas Tavisi axsnac aqvs. kote andronikaSvilma aRniSnafilipe maxaraZis moxsenebidan, rom marTlac guriaSiajanyebas hqonda masiuri xasiaTi.~ ix. sazogadoebrivi bra-lmdebelis s.qavTaraZis sityva paritetuli komitetis we-vrTa 1925 wlis 29 ivlisis sasamarTlo sxdomaze. gaz.`komunisti~ 1925. 4 agvisto.

1924 wlis qarTvelTa antimperiuli gamosvlebi imdenadmasStabur xasiaTs atarebda, rom man i.stalinic kiSeaSfoTa. ai ras ambobda igi:`is rac saqarTveloSi moxda, SeiZleba mTel ruseTSi

ganmeordes, Tu Zirfesvianad ar SevcvliT midgomasglexobisadmi...~ i.stalini. partiis morigi amocanebisSesaxeb soflad. (sityva sasoflo ujredTa mdivnebis

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Tatbirze rkp (b) centralur komitetTan 1924 w. 22 oqtombers.t. 6. gv. 352guriis ajanyeba maCvenebelia brZolis axali principisa

mTel sabWoTa qveyanaSi...~ i.stalini. partiis amocanebisSesaxeb. sityva rkp (b) centraluri komitetis plenumze 1924wlis 26 oqtomberi. t. 6. gv. 361

Cemi komentari: g.ciciSviliseuli logikiT romvimsjeloT, zemoT CamoTvlili socialuri fenebismesveurni, romlebmac dampyroblebTan TanmSromlobism.javaxiSviliseuli kursi ar gaiziara da qarTvelieris umravlesobas warmoadgenda, yvela gonebaClungiyofila. b-n. g.ciciSvils unda Sevaxseno, rom am adamianebma,mterTan TanamSromlobis lacics~, erovnuli Tavisuflebismosapoveblad dampyroblisadmi xmalSemarTuli dapirispi-reba da brZolis velze cxra Zma xerxeuliZis msgavsad

gmirulad sikvdili amjobina. CaSvebebi da dasmenebirom ara, maTi brZolis Sedegi, ufro maRalsafexuriani

apoTeozis momtani iqneboda qarTveli erisaTvis.

Cems mier zemoT motanili utyuari dokumentebisSemdeg, b-n. g.ciciSvils da mis mxardamWerebsrogorc moesurvebaT ise ilaparakon da weron.pirze boqloms veravis davadeb da qaRaldicaitans.

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pasuxi unda gaeces Semdeg kiTxvebs:

1)keTili inebeT da daamtkiceT, rom Cems mier dokumentebidanzemoT motanili amonawerebi (# 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) siyalbea. an, igididma mweralma mixeil javaxiSvilma ki ara, galaqtikidanCamofrenilma m.javaxiSvilis viRac oreulma dawera. mxolodamis Semdeg moixsneba Cemi pretenziebi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSiunda aRiaroT is, rac sinamdviles Seesabameba. 2)maCveneT Tundac erTi saarqivo dokumenti, sadac noe xome-riki dakiTxvis dros Tavis TanamebrZols asaxelebs, asmens.(siyalbe ar Caidino. radgan Tqvens mier warmodgenil aseTdokuments safuZvlianad gadavamowmeb arqivis Sesabamis fo-ndebSi); 3)daamtkiceT, rom didi konstantine afxazi eqstremisti daavanturisti iyo. 4)Tuki 1924 wlis ajanyebis mosamzadebeli safexurisSemqmnelebi da ajanyebis ganmaxorcieleblebi_ eqstremistebi,avanturistebi, mravali ubedurebis taqtikis gamtareblebida erovnuli saSiSroebis momtanni, iyvnen, rogorc 2003wels dabeWdil naSromSi amtkicebT~, am fonze, rogor undaaRiqvas mkiTxvelma 2016 wels dabeWdil Tqvenive naSromSiarsebuli debulebebi: 1)`1924 wlis ajanyebis liderTa damonawileTa Zalisxmevam SaravandediT Semkuli furceliSesZina Cvens istorias da gaaZliera eris patriotulisuliskveTeba.~2)`ajanyebis mzadebisa da ganxorcielebis dros masobrivaddaRvrilma sisxlma msoflios uCvena saqarTvelos anti-imperiuli, saukunovani brZolis apoTeozi~... am SemTxvevaSi, mkiTxvel sazogadoebas logikis zogadikursis codnac ver uSvelis. arada, zemoaRniSnul kiTxvebzepasuxis gacema, nebismieri adamianis interesebSi Sedis. dasa-buTebuli pasuxis vergacemis SemTxvevaSi, sazogadoebis wi-naSe unda aRiaroT: a)1924 wlis ajanyebis gmirebis Sefaseba-sTan mimarTebaSi Secdoma dauSviT; b)TanamebrZolTa CamSve-bis da arCamSvebis klasifikacia ver moaxdineT da ardamsme-nTa mimarT (n.xomeriki...), erTi dadebiTi sityva ar wamogcda.aseTi damokidebulebiT upativcemuloba gamoiCineT im po-litikuri patimrebisadmi, romlebsac uSiSroebam, TanamebrZo-

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lebidan vercerTi pirovneba rom ver daasaxelebina.

P.S.

2017 wlis 16 maiss, saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnulibiblioTekis sakonferencio darbazSi (pirveli sarTuli)gaimarTa g.ciciSvilis mier momzadebuli Teatraluri Sou.igi m.javaxiSvilis politikuri peripetiebis gamyalbeble-bis~ manana xomerikisa da SoTa vadaWkorias wignebis ganxi-lvas~ mieZRvna. 15 kacian sxdomas, b-n. valeri vaSakiZe Tavmjdo-mareobda. m.xomerikma, sxdomis msvlelobis procesSi, samglo-viaro Savi aSiebiT Semkuli gvirgvini miarTva g.ciciSvils,romelzedac gakeTebuli iyo warwera: `viziareb Tqvensmwuxarebas s.kirovis mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebiT!~ imavdro-ulad, g.ciciSvilis mier adre gamocemuli wignebis qsero-aslebis is gverdebi daariga, sadac s.kirovis mkvlelobasTanmimarTebaSi, g.ciciSvilis mxridan udidesi aRSfoTeba damwuxareba iyo gaoTqmuli.

2017 wlis ivnisi

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Shot VadachkoriaFalsification of Reality and the Bolshevik Style of

Evaluation of the 1920s(Reply to Giorgi Tsitsishvili)

Reziume On the basis of the documentary materials the names of traitors who

betrayed the group of the leaders of the 1924 uprising is ascertained inthe article. It also is stated that Giorgi Tsitsishvili was mistaken whenhe announced the uprising as risky undertaking and named the leadersof the uprising as adventurers, extremists, bringing national danger andhardship. The given evaluation is a discredit of the national heroes whofought against the Russian Soviet Empire in 1921-1924. This evaluationcan not be shared by historians who have national views.

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SoTa ilias Ze vadaWkoria

sinamdvilis gayalbebisa da Sefasebis

XX saukunis 20_ iani wlebis bolSevikuri stili (pasuxad giorgi ciciSvils)

Tbilisi

2017

saaRricxvo- sagamomcemlo Tabaxi 3 sabeWdi qaRaldi 60 X 84 1/16