ISSN : 2349-1264(RRJoT)Jan - April 2014

Ÿ Endosulfan-Induced Hepatotoxicity and its Amelioration by Administration of Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Strictus) Seed Extract in Rats.

Ÿ Levels of Environmental Pollutants and Urinary Levels of Environmental Pollutants and Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene among Foundry Workers.

Ÿ Production, Characterization and Toxicological Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Flavolipid Biosurfactant.

Ÿ Cyto-toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on A Bacterial Population Isolated From Lakewater.

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Research & Reviews

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Dr Selvaraj Milton prabuDepartment of zoology,Annamalai

university., India.

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STM JOURNALS

1. Endosulfan-Induced Hepatotoxicity and its Amelioration by Administration of Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Strictus) Seed Extract in Rats Naorem Chanu Sumedha, Achiraman S., Rajaganesh K., Milton Prabu S. 1

2. Levels of Environmental Pollutants and Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene among Foundry Workers V. Dhananjayan, B. Ravichandran, R. Nithya, M. Palanivel, K. Kalaiselvi 8

3. Production, Characterization and Toxicological Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Flavolipid BiosurfactantK N Lokesh, Channarayappa, R V Karadi, Bindu Sadanandan 16

4. Cyto-toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on A Bacterial Population Isolated From LakewaterSurabhi, Deepak Kumar, Chandraprabha M.N., Amitava Mukherjee 22

ContentsResearch & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology

RRJoT (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology ISSN: 2349-1264

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Endosulfan-Induced Hepatotoxicity and its Amelioration

by Administration of Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Strictus)

Seed Extract in Rats

Naorem Chanu Sumedha1, Achiraman S.

2, Rajaganesh K.

1, Milton Prabu S.

1* 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar,

Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bharathidasan University,

Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirappall, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract Endosulfan is an important hepatotoxic agent that generates free oxygen radicals in liver

and the incidence of toxic injury to the liver tissue in relation to its widespread has been

reported. Bamboo is rich in phenolic components which possess various bioactivities and

bamboo seed extract was found to have antioxidative properties. Hence, the present study

has been designed to assess the protective role of bamboo seed extract against endosulfan induced hepatotoxicity in rat as the endosulfan can persistent to environment

where its attributes lead to bioconcentration and biomagnification in certain food chains. For experiments male albino rats weighing 170–190 g were randomly selected and

divided into four groups consisting of six rats in each group. The hepatotoxic effects of

oral administration of endosulfan (15 mg/kg B.W) and hepato-protective effect of co-administration of bamboo seed extract (90 mg/kg B.W) with endosulfan daily for 10 days,

were investigated in rats using serum hepatic marker enzymes, liver protein profile and

histopathological study. The activities of serum hepatic marker enzymes (aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) in endosulfan treated

rats increased significantly (p≤ 0.05) when compared to the control rats, indicating hepatic damage and it is supported by the missing protein band and microscopic

examination of liver tissue where severe damage are exhibited. However, co-

administration of bamboo seed extract with endosulfan significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) the activities of these enzymes when compared to the endosulfan treated rat, showing its

hepatoprotective activity supported by the histopathological studies where the liver tissue

is demonstrated with normal sinusoid(s) clearly visible between plates of uniform hepatocytes. The protective effect of bamboo seed extract on the liver was evidenced by

altering all the changes induced by endosulfan.

Keywords: Endosulfan, bamboo seed extract, hepatotoxicity, serum marker enzymes

RRJoT (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology ISSN: 2349-1264

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Levels of Environmental Pollutants and Urinary

1-Hydroxypyrene among Foundry Workers

V. Dhananjayan1*, B. Ravichandran

1, R. Nithya

2, M. Palanivel

2, K. Kalaiselvi

2

1Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR,

Kannamangala PO, Devenahalli TK, Bangalore, India 2Department of Environmental Science, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India

Abstract Environmental and biological monitoring was conducted to measure the Total Suspended

Particulate Matter (TSPM), SO2, NOx and 1-OHP among foundry workers. Among the

various sampling locations melting (2466 μg/m3) and fettling (2951 μg/m

3) recorded

higher concentration of TSPM. The concentration of NOx and SO2 ranged between 288–

352 μg/m3 and 3.11-10.97μg/m

3, respectively. Among the various heavy metals analysed,

the concentration of zinc and nickel was the maximum. Although the environmental

monitoring study shows rarely higher values, many of the sampling was less than the

recommended limits. Biological monitoring was conducted to measure the urinary 1- Hydroxypyrene and know the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon especially

pyrene. The concentration of 1-OHP ranged from 0.01 to 0.21 μg/ml of urine. The results obtained in the foundries showed that the workers are exposed to particulate matter and

other pollutants including polycyclic aromatic compounds. This study highlights the risk

factor and other occupational related health issues and possibilities of health risk in the long run.

Keywords: Foundry workers, heavy metals, urinary biomarkers, 1-Hydroxypyrene

RRJoT (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology ISSN: 2349-1264

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Production, Characterization and Toxicological

Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Flavolipid Biosurfactant

K N Lokesh1*, Channarayappa

1, R V Karadi

2, Bindu Sadanandan

1

1M.S.Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

2K.L.E.S’s University College of Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka, India

Abstract At present majority of surfactants are chemically synthesized. Nevertheless, in recent

years, much attention has been directed towards biosurfactants due to their broad range of functional properties, there are cheaper as they can be produced from alternative

sources. They have applications in the fields, such as: oil recovery process, as an additive in food processing industry, pharmaceuticals preparations, energy saving

technologies etc. As they are being microbial derivatives, it is relatively biocompatible

and lesser toxic than chemically synthesized counterparts. In the present investigation the microbial synthesis of Biosurfactants using Flavobacterium sp. MTCC249 was

performed. The optimized medium, i.e., modified mineral salt medium was used for

production of microbial surfactants by replacing standard carbon sources with alternative carbon sources like sugar molasses, zatropa seed oil, pongamia seed oil,

castor oil, waste frying oil and used motor oil. Non-conventional nitrogen sources like effluents obtained from milk diary, paper industry and leather processing industry were

used for the production. The lab scale production was carried out in lab scale fermentor

(Sartorious B-Lite model) under the controlled conditions of pH, temp and agitation. The recovery of microbial surfactant was performed by organic solvent method (Chloroform:

methanol). The physicochemical properties of Biosurfactant were assessed by using

various methods viz. HLB value (hydrophilic-liphophilic-balance), surface tension, CMC

(Critical Micelle Concentration). The produced Biosurfactants was subjected for

toxicological evaluation. The flavolipid Biosurfactant has shown potent antibiotic activity especially against Gram negative bacteria’s. In order to assess its compatibility with

respect to biological subjects, Pharmaco-toxicological studies are carried out. The oral

and dermal toxicity studies were conducted as per OECD guidelines using Whister albino rats. Flavolipid Biosurfactants does not exhibit any dermal or oral toxicity on pre-

clinical model that established its safety criteria for biological evaluation.

Keywords: Flavolipid biosurfactants, modified mineral salt media, flavobacterium

MTCC 2495

RRJoT (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology ISSN: 2349-1264

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Cyto-toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on A Bacterial

Population Isolated From Lakewater

Surabhi2, Deepak Kumar

1, Chandraprabha M.N.

2*, Amitava Mukherjee

1

1Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, India

2 Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India

Abstract Due to the increased industrial and consumer applications, there is growing concern

regarding the possible risk associated with their environmental exposure. Silver nanoparticles are considered to be toxic both to environment and human beings after a

permissible limit. The aim of the present study was to explore the difference in toxicity mechanism of Silver nanoparticles (NPs) at low concentrations (≤1 μg/mL), in a lake-

water bacterial consortia containing Bacillus marisflavi and Bacillus thuringenesis. The

cytotoxicity of the NPs was studied by performing several biochemical assays for the assessment of membrane permeability, cell viability, oxidative stress and secretion of

exo-polysaccharides. It was found that there was generation of ROS when the silver

nanoparticles interacted with the bacteria, which may have resulted in the decrease in cell viability.

Keywords: Silver NPs- silver nanoparticles, cytotoxicity, ROS, oxidative stress