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Report of Committee on Firesafety Symbols
Lydia A. But terworth, Chairman Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n
Scott O. Corrin, City of Riverside Fire Dept. Rep. NFPA-Fire Service Section
David C. Cox, Fire Safety Displays Co. Morton H. Lerner, Oenkintown, PA Louis Nelson, Louis Nelson Assoc, Inc. Brad Schiffer, Brad Schiffer/Taxis, Inc. C. B. Shippey, Southern California Edison Co. Walter Smittle, I l l , West Virginia State Fire Marshal,
Rep. NFPA T/C Safety to Life Thomas R. Wood, Broward Community College
Rep. Boca Raton Fire Dept.
Staff Liaison: Burton R. Klein
This l i s t represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred.
The Report of the Committee on Firesafety Symbols is presented for adoption.
This Report was prepared by the Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols and proposes for adoption NFPA 170, which consists of amendments to and a redesignation of existing NFPA 171-1986, 172-1986, 174-1986 and 178-1986. A l l are published in Volume 9 of the 1989 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form.
This Report has been submitted to le t ter ballot of the Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols in 5 segments•
Segment No. 1 consists of Public and Committee Proposals on NFPA 171 and has been submitted to le t ter ballot of the Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols, which consists of 9 voting members; of whom 8 voted affirmatively, and 1 negatively (Mr. Wood).
Mr. Wood did not concur with the proposed new symbol For not using elevators in a f i re emergency, cit ing an ANSI document that included a symbol for elevators.
Segment No. 2 conslsts Of Public and Committee Proposals on NFPA 172 and has been submitted to l e t t e r b a l l o t of the Technical Committee on F i resafety Symbols, which consists of 9 vo t ing members; a11 of whom voted a f f i r m a t i v e l y .
Segment No. 3 consists of Public and Committee Proposals on NFPA 174 and has been submitted to l e t t e r b a l l o t of the Technical Committee on F i resafety Symbols, which consists of g vo t ing members~ a l l of whom voted a f f i r m a t i v e l y .
Segment No. 4 consists of Pubiic and Committee Proposals on NFPA 178 and has beeh submitted to l e t t e r b a l l o t of the Technical Committee on Ftresafety Symbols, which consists of 9 vot tng members; a l l of whom voted a f f i r m a t i v e l y .
Segment No. 5 consists of a proposal fo r the adoption of NFPA 170 which is a rev is ion and redesignat lon of NFPA 171, 172, 174 and 178.
Segment No. 5 of th is Report has been submitted to l e t t e r b a l l o t of the Technical Committee on Ftresafety Symbols, which consists of 9 vot ing members; of whom 8 voted a f f i r m a t i v e l y , and 1 voted negat ive ly (Mr. Wood).
Mr. Wood f e l t that combining these documents would cause the ind iv idua l documents to become hidden, and d i f f l c u l t to locate desired symbols."
284
SEGMENT I
(Log #TC-I) 171- I - (Ti t le) : Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols R[COMMENDATI_ ON: I. Revise the t i t l e of the document to read:
"Standard fo___zr Public Firesafety Symbols" (change underlined)
2. Change the t i t l e throughout. SUBSTANTIATION: Editorial. The word "for" was part of the t i t l e shown in the TCR for the 1986 edition of NFPA 171. The word, "for" was inadvertantly omitted from publ ica t ion . COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-2) 171- 2 - (Table of Contents, Appendices): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols I ~ECOMM-ENDATI__~!~_~: Add "Appendix A" to the Table of Contents and renumber the remaining Appendices in the contents and text. SUBSTANTIATION: Editorial. Material has been added [or Appendix A. COMMITTEE A~TION: Accept.
(Log #TC-3) 171- 3 - (Notice): Accept S~B~I~E_~: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Change reference from Appendix A to
I Appen(lix B. SUBSTAN~IA!~Q~: Editorial. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-8) 171- 4 - (1-1, 1-2.1 and 1-2.2) : Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: I. In I - I , delete "of building occupants".
2. In I-2.1, delete "to building occupants". 3. In I-2.2, delete "building occupants". 4. In I - I , change "visual alerting" to " f i re
prevention and visual alerting!', and change "during" to n for". SUBSTANTIATION: For 1 through 3, firesafety symbols in this document are applicable to more than just building occupants.
For 4, firesafety symbols are applicable for both prevention of ignitions and alerting during emergencies. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-4) 171- 5 - (I-2.3, A-I-2.3 (New)): Accept SUBNITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols REcgMMENbATION: Move the last sentence of paragraph
j I-Z.3 L() the Appendix as a new A-I-2.3. SUBS~A~I~PN: The proposed revision moves explanatory material to the Appendix to conform to the NFPA Manual of Style. COMMITTEE AC]ION: Accept.
(Log #TC-S) 171- 6 - (I-2.4, A-I-2.4 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols
i R~Q~MENDATION: Move the last sentence of paragraph I-Z.4 to the Appendix as a new A-I-2.4. SUBSTANTI~Q~: The proposed revision moves explanatory material to the Appendix to conform to the NFPA Manual of Style. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-6) 171- 7 - (I-3, A-I-3 (New)): Accept ~ : Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Move the notes for the definitions of Referent and Symbol to the Appendix as two separate paragraphs. SUBSTANTIATION: The proposed revision moves explanatory material to the Appendix to conform to the NFPA Manual of Style. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #Tc-7) 171- 8 - (I-4.1, A-I-2.3 (New)): Accept il $UBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: I. Delete the f i r s t sentence of I-4.1.
2. Move the second sentence of I-4.1 to.lnew A-I-2.3 as a f i r s t paragraph. Delete the word "hoWever" from the beginning of the sentence.
3. Revise I-4.1 to read: "Orientation for prohlbitation symbols shall not be
altered from this standard." ~UBSTANTIATION: I. The material in the f i rs t sentence of the,present I-4.1 is covered in paragraph I-2.3.
2. The second sentence is explanatory and is moved to the appropriate Appendix paragraph.
3. The orientation requirement should only apply to the prohibition symbols. The other symbols can be turned to point in different directions. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-13) 171- 9 - (Chapter 2, Symbol 5): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Under characteristics change "circular f ie ld" to "square f ie ld" . SUBSTANTIATION: Correct error. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-lO) 171- 10 - (Chapter 2, Symbol 7 (New)): Accept ~ : Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: I. Add new Symbol 7, showing person climbing stairs with f i re behind (similar toex is t lng Symbol 6). Use same wording as under Symbol 6, except add in "Application", after "stairs", the words "(upward egress)".
2. Renumber ex is t i ng Symbol 7 to 8. 3. In ex is t ing 6, add in "App l i ca t ion" , a f t e r
" s t a i r s " , the words "(downward egress)". S~BS_TANTIATION: 1. Need to show Symbol for those s i tua t ions where upward t rave l is necessary fo r egress (e .g . , from s tor ies of bui ld ings below leve l of ex i t discharge).
2. Editorial. 3. Clarify that Symbol 6 is for those situations
where downward travel is necessary for egress. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-11) 171- 11 - (Chapter 2, Symbol 6 and Symbol 7): Accept ~ : Technical Committee on F i resafety Symbols J RECOMMENDATION: Under App l ica t ion , Example, change to read:
"The i d e n t i f i c a t i o n that s ta i rs are to be used in case of f i r e . "
285
SUBSTANTIATION: Symbol as shown does not necessarily apply to elevators. COMM~JTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-12) 171- 12 - (Chapter 2, Symbol 8 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols R ECOMM_ENDAT~: I. Add a new Symbol 8 depicting the prohibition of using elevators in f i re emergencies.
Referent: Do not use elevator in case of f i re. Characteristic: Square f ield; red flame; black
figures; white background; red circle and slash. Application: An instruction to not use elevators in
case of f i re. Example: Posted near elevator call button.
2. Renumber e x i s t i n g Symbol 7 to Symbol g. ~UBSTANTI_~__~!_0N: No symbol ex is ts as fa r as Committee is aware to symbolize th i s hazard. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-9) 171- 13 - (Appendix A, Appendix B): Accept }UBMIJ~T~F~: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RE~O~FI~LTLO_I~: Renumber Appendix A to Appendix B.
Renumber Appendix B to Appendix C. Add a new B-2.1 to read: B-2.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection
Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. NFPA 101-1988, Life Safety Code. Renumber remaining paragraphs.
SUBSTANTIATION: Identify relevant document prepared by Technical Committee on Safety to Life (see new A-I-2.4) [Proposal 171- 6 (Log # TC-5)]. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
SEGMENT I I
(Log #TC-I) 172- I - (Ti t le) : Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Safety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Correct the t i t l e to read:
"Standard for Fire Protection Symbols for Architectural and Engineering Drawings" (change underlined)
Change throughout text. SUBSTANTIATION: Editorial. The word "for" was omitted from the t i t l e . Original intent of the Committee was for document to be a standard. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-2) 172- 2 - (Chapter I, Notice (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Add the following notice prior to Chapter I:
NOTICE: Information on referenced publications can be found in Appendix B.
~LU~STANTIATION: To conform to NFPA Manual of Sty le . COMMITTEE ACTXON: Accept.
(Log # 5) 172- 3 - (Chapter I) : Accept in Principle SUBMITT~R: Scott D. Corrln, Colton, CA RECOMMENDATION: Add section on "Purpose" to read as follows:
"NFPA 172 provides uniformity in the preparation of submittals by standard symbols to be used by designers of appropriate trades, for working drawings of f i re detection, f i re supression, and related systems. Such uniformity shall provide for continuity of plan review and inspection and inspection practices." SUBSTANTIATION: Current NFPA 172 does not contain a purpose statement. Proposed section would clar i fy the purpose of providing standard symbols, so as to develop consistency between trades and authorities having jurisdict ion, that varies greatly even between adjacent jurisdictions. COMMITTEE ACTION; Accept in Principle.
I. In submitter's recommendation: (a) change "submittals" to "documents" (b) change "standard" to "standardizing" (c) delete sentence 2
2. Replace existing I-2 with submitter's recommendation as modified, and t i t l e i t : "Purpose". COMMITTEE STATEMENT: 1.(a) The term "documents" is more inclusive.
1.(b) Grammatical change. l . (c) Sentence 2 would l imi t purpose to plan review
and inspection. 2. Submitter's recommendation more accurately
reflects purpose of document than exist l ,g I-2.
(Log #TC-3) 172- 4 - (I-2.2): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Delete the last sentence:
"NFPA 172 does not . . . indicators." SUBSTANTIATION: Committee intends to provide some supplementary indicators. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log # 6) 172- 5 - (I-2.2): Accept in Principle ~ _ U ~ : Scott D. Corrin, Colton, CA RECOMMENDATION: Change I-2.2 to read:
"Drawings and the symbology therein are normally supplemented by written specifications. When required by a authority having jur isdict ion, effectiveness of
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symbols shall be supplemented by figures, numbers, subscripts,.or le t ter abbreviations. These supplementary indicators may be placed inside of or adjacent to the symbol as seen f i t . A legend of these indicators with their meaning shall accompany each plan on which they are used. SUBSTANTIATION: Current symbology provides for generic description of device type or symbol. In many cases more specific descriptions are required to define a specific type of device. An example would be the need to indicate a distinction between a fixed temperature heat detector and a rate of rise heat detector when located in proximity of a heat source. By allowing an authority to require such supplementary indicators, when necessary, the purpose statement related to consistency in plan review and inspection practices can be achieved. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
Add submitter's recommendation as new Appendix A-I-3 Supplementary Indicators, but reword as follows:
"Effectiveness of symbols can be supplemented by Figures, numbers, subscripts .or letters abbreviations. These supplementary indicators may be placed inside of or adjacent to the symbol as seen f i t . A legend of these indicators, with their meBning, should accompany each set of documents on which they are used." COMMITTEE STATEMENT: I. "Supplementary indicator" is a newly defined term (see Proposal 172-7). Committee believes recommendation explains the purpose of Supplementary Indicators, and thus adds text in Appendix material.
2. Documentprovides guidance to authority having jurisdiction (AH3). I t is the responsibility of authority having jurisdict ion to apply document. Thus reference to AHJ is deleted.
(Log #TC-S) 172- 6 - (I-3 Notes and A-I-3 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RE__COMMENDATION: Move the notes for Referent and Symbol in I-3 to the Appendix as (New) A-I-3.
A-l-3 (New) would read as follows: A-1-3 Referent. A referent may be abstract, such as
a condition, concept, function, relationship, fact or action.
A-I-3 Symbol. Ideally, a symbol should be simple, readily understood, having a strong impact and be easily remembered. SUB~TAN~I~O~N: To conform to NFPA Manual of Style by moving explanatory material to the Appendix. COM__MITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log ~TC-4) 172- 7 - (I-3): Accept SUBMITT_ER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Add a new definit ion for Supplementary I,dlcators to read:
"Supplementary Indicators. Figures, numbers, subscripts for le t ter abbreviations used to enhance the effectiveness of symbols." SUBSTAN.TIA_T~O_N; Supplementary Indicators are loosely defined in Section I-2.2. The material has been moved Lo the definitions sections and worded as a definition. COMMITTEE~6CTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-7) 172- 8 - (I-4.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RE~OMMENDA~p_A!_~_0~: In I -4.1:
I. Add a t i t l e for the paragraph to read: "Symbol Shapes" 2. Delete "of the symbols presented in this
standard" from the f i r s t sentence. 3. Delete "and good practices must always be
employed in graphic presentations" from the last sentence.
SUBSTANTIATION: I. The addition of the t i t l e conforms to the NFPA Manual of Style.
2. Deletion of material from the f i r s t sentence removes redundant language.
3. The "good practices" referred to in the deleted portion of the last sentence should be covered by "standards on drawing practice" referred to in the same sentence. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-B) 172- 9 - (I-4.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technlcal Committee on Firesafety Symbols BECOM_~ENDATI_p_~: In sentence 2, change "Scale" to
I "Drawing Scale." SUBSTANTIATION: Clari.fy or ig ina l intent in using tem "scale" in I-4,1. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-6) 172- 10 - ( 1 - 4 . 2 ) : Accept SUBHITTER: Technlcal Committee on Firesafety Symbols R_~MENDATION: 1. In ex is t ing 1-4.2, delete "susceptible to computer drawing techniques."
2. Move 1-4.2 to A-1-2, and renumber accordingly. SUB~_!AN__TI_A_TION: 1. Origlnal intent was for.symbols that could be drawn with a templet.
2. Paragraph I-4.2 is an explanation of purposes of standard, and th is can be moved to Appendix, per NFPA Manual of Style. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-9) 172- 11 - (1-4.3): Accept ~ : Technlcal Committee on Firesafety Symbols
I RECOMMENDATION: Replace the word "must" with "sha l l . " ~_UB~TANTIATION: Ed i t o r i a l . Conform to NFPA Manual of Style. COMMITTEE AqTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-IO) 172- 12 - (1-4.4.1): Accept ~BH~_T~_E: Technical Committee on FiresafetySymbols RECOMMENDATION: Revise the beginning of the second sentence to read:
"Orientat ion of some symbols shall always . . . . " SUBSTANTIATION: To para l le l the wording'contained in 1-4.4.2. [See Proposal 172-13 (Section 1-4.4.2 ] COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #!C-11 172- 13 - (1-4.4.2): Accept , - SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols
i RECOMMENDATION: 1. Change "must" to "sha l l " in sentence 1.
2. Change " w i l l " to "sha l l " in sentence 2. SUBSTANTIATION: Ed i to r i a l . Conform to NFPA Manual of Style. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log # 7) 172- 14 - (2-1.2.1): Accept in Pr inc ip le B~z~!l~R: Scott O. Corrin, Colton, CA
I RECOMMENDATION: Revise as fol lows:
287
INSERT ARTWORK SYMBOLS HERE
R/F Combination - Rate of Rise & Fixed Temperature
R/C Rate Compensation
F Fixed Temperature
R Rate of Rise Only
S~BSTANTIATION: Existing symbol does not specify type of device involved. Added le t te r designator would provide specific ident i f icat ion of device type when involving systems with dif ferent device types required or specified. COM___MITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
Replace existing text under "Comments" for 2-1.2.1 with submitter's recommendation. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Committee accepts recommendation, but because of use of supplementary indicators, places recommendation under heading "Comments."
(Log # 8) 172- IS - (2-1.2.2): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Scott D. Corrin, Colton,'CA RECOMMENDATION:. Revise as follows:
INSERT ARTWORK HERE
P Photoelectric Products of Combustion Detector
l Ionization Products of Combustion Detector
~B~T~TIAT~Qff: Existing symbol does not specify type of device involved. Added le t te r designator would provide specific ident i f icat ion of device type when involving systems with di f ferent device types required or specified. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in 'Principle.
I. In submitter's recommendation, change " l " to " I " . :.w I 2. In existing 2-1.2.2, replace text under
"Comments" with submitter's recommendation as modified by Committee Action I. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: I. To make i t clear that symbol. is le t te r " I " , not number " I " .
2. Because of use of supplementary indicators, ConmHttee places recommendation under heading "Comments."
Mini Horn
SUBSTANTIATION: Existin~ symbol indicates electr ic horn. Many systems provlde individual mini horns, within each unit, to provide suitable audib i l i ty . Added symbol would clearly distinguish between standard electr ic horns and those locations using mini horns. COMHIITEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
Insert submitter's recommendation under "Comments" for 2-2.1.1. ~QMMITTEE STATE M.ENT: Recommendation uses Supplementary Indicator, and this is not a referent symbol.
(Log # 10) 172- 17 - (2 -4 .1) : Accept in P r inc ip le SUBMITTER: Scott D. Corrin, Colton, CA RECOMMENDATION: Add the following symbol to 2-4.1:
F • Fire Alarm Control Panel
SUBSTANTIATION: Existing symbol does not clearly indicate specific attributes of a control panel. Revised symbol wi l l provide specific indication on function of control panel. Specific function is necessary when numerous control panels or systems are involved. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
1. Use 3 let ters: L ~ Fire Alarm Control Panel. 2. Insert submitter'srecommendation, as modified by
Committee Action 1, under "Comments" for 2-4.1. CO~MI~TEE._~_TAT_EEtJ_~!: 1. Use of 3 let ters takes into consideration size constraints and l eg i b i l i t y .
2. Recommendation uses Supplementary Indicator, and thus is not a referent symbol.
(Log # 11) 172- 18 - (2-4.1): Accept in Principle ~ : Scott D. Corrin, Colton, CA RECOMMENDATION: Add the following new symbol to 2-4.1:
Fire Alarm System Annuniciator
~U~STANTIATIQN: New symbol wi l l provide specific ident i f icat ion of the function of an annunciator panel. Specific ident i f icat ion is necessary when numerous control panels or systems are involved. This symbol wi l l distinguish between a system control panel and a separate annunciator, common in many f i re alarm system designs. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
I. Use three letters:~_..S.~ Fire System Annunciator. 2. Insert submitter's recommendation, as modified by
Committee Action I, under "Comments" for 2-4.1. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: I. Use of three letters takes into consideration size constraints and l eg i b i l i t y .
2. Recommendation uses Supplementary Indicator, and thus is not a referent symbol.
(Log # 9) 17Z- 16 - (2-2.1.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Scott D. Corrin, Colton, CA RECOMMENDATION: Add the following new symbol to
(Log # 12) 172- 19 - (2 -4 .1) : Accept in P r lnc ip le ~U~LT_TER: Scott D. Corrin, Colton, CA
I RECOMMENDATION: Add the following new symbol to 2-4.1:
288
Fire, Alarm Transponder or Transmitter
SUBSTAN£IATION: New symbol w i l l provide spec i f ic i den t i f i ca t i on of the function of a control panel. Specific ident i f icat ion is necessary when numerous control'panels or, systems are involved. Many current f i re alarm systems use individual transponders that carry si~pals back to the f i re alarm control panel. This symbol Will allow distinguishment between such pan~Is. CQ~IH~[T~ ACTION: A c c e p ~ L P r i n c i p l e :
. three l e t t e r s : FLFT.B J Fire Alarm Transponder or Tyansmltter.
2." insert submltter's recommendation, as modified by Committee Action I, under "Comments" for 2-4.1. CO_MMITTEE STATEMENT: I. Use of three le t te rs takes ihto consideration size constraints and l e g i b i l i t y .
2. Recommendation uses Supplementary Indicator, and thus is not a referent symbol.
(Log # 13) 172~ 20 - (2~4.1): Accept in Pr ihc ip le SUBHI~E_R: Scott D. Corrin, Colton, CA RECOMMENDATION: Add the following new symbol to 2-4. i :
F ~ " , Fi re AI arm Communl cator
SUBSTANTIATIO_~: New symbol wi1'l provide specific ident i f icat ion of the function of a control panel. Specific ident i f icat ion is. necessary when .numerous cont.rol panels or'systems are involved. Many current f i re alarm control panels do not contain integral communicators or transmitters. Such systems would require a independent means of carrying a signal to a receiving station; COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
I. Use three let ters: FAC Fire Alarm Communlcator. 2. Insert submitter's recommendation, as modified by
Committee Action l , under "Comments" for 2-4.1. ~QMMITTEE STAT[MENTi I. Use o f three let ters takes into consideration size constraints and l eg i b i l i t y .
2 . . Recommendation uses Supplementary Indicator, and thus is not a referent symbol.
(Log # 15) 172- 21 - ( 2 - 4 . 1 ) : Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Scott D. Corrin, Colton, CA RECOMMENDATION: Add the following new symbol to 2-4.1:
Elevator Status and/or Recall Control Panel
~UBSTANTIATIQN: New symb01 w i l l provide specific, ident i f icat ion of the function of an elevatorstatus or recall control panel. Specific ident i f icat ion is necessary when numerous control panels are involved. This symbol wi l l clearly indicate the location where emergency personnel may override automatic elevator operation. COMMITTEE ACTION: Acceptin 'Prlnciple . . . .
I . Use threeletters:IESPJ Elevator Status/Recall. 2. Insert submlt ter 's ommendatlon, as modified by
Committee Action 1, under "Comments" for 2-4.1. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: 1. Use of three le t te rs takes into consideration size constraints and l e g i b i l i t y .
2. Recommendation uses Supplementary Indicator , and thus is not a referent symbol.
(Log #TC-12) 172:.22." (3-7 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Add symbol"for f i re pump test header:
~ e _ ~ ~ Comment s 3-7 Fire Pump I P~ Specify
Test Header ~ Free standing number and • size of
i out lets Wall
SUBSTANTIATION: Symbol for f i r e pump test header is current ly not included in NFPA 172. Such headers are used, and therefore need to be shown symbol ical ly. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log # 4) ]72- 23 - (4-2.2 through 4-2.8) : Accept in Part S VBNITTER: Ray W. D i l lon , S.E.T., The Benham Group RECOMMENDATION: I would propose that the symbols indicated be adopted and/or changed. Adoption would help avoid confusion and add new symbols to the, ex ls t lng standard. I would fur ther propose that these and other symbols defined in NFPA 172 be spec l f l ca l l y referred to in NFPA 13, I ns ta l l a t i on of Sprinkler Systems. In addi t ion, de ta i ls and sketches in NFPA 13 should be revised to include appropriate symbols.
2 8 9
SYMBOLS 1 - 7
i .
Z.
RECOMMENDED
ALARM CHECK VALVE
DRY PIPE VAEVE
3. D DRY PIPE VALVE WITH QUICK OPENING DEVICE
~" ~ / ~ DELUGE VALVE
5. ~<Z) PREACTION VALVE
CURRENTLY IN NFPA 172
<>
NONE
SPRINKLER SYSTEM RISER
~ (~) STANDPIPE RISER
®
NONE
2 9 0
~UBSTANTIATION: Symbols are not standard between NFPA 13, Instal lat ion of Sprinkler Systems, and NFPA 172, Fire Protection Symbols for Architectural and Engineering Drawings. Frequently shop drawings use symbols that appear in neither publication, but were created to avoid confusion with plumbing and piping symbols.
Although testing by NICET (National Inst i tute for Cert i f icat ion in Engineering Technology) includes NFPA 172, practical appllcation often dictates use of symbols not currently identi f ied in this pamphlet. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Part. ' I . Reject
2. Reject 3. Reject 4. Reject 5. Accept in Part Add a new symbol for preactlon valve as follows:
Referent Symbol. Co~ents /'W
I
Preactlon valve , / ~ Specify size and type
!
Insert as new 4-2.9; renumber existing 4-2.9 as new 4-2.10.
6. Reject 7. Accept in Principle Add Submitter recommendation as new 3-1.5, but t i t l e
i t " R i s e r . " C__OMMITTEE STATEMENT: I. Recon~endation looks l lke symbol for f i re extinguisher. I t also is not consistent with industry practice.
Z. Same as number one. 3. Same as number one. ~. Addition o f ' l i ne and circle does not enhance
understanding of current symbol in NFPA 172 for deluge valve.
5. Line and c i r c le in submitter 's recommendation is nut necessary since symbol does not need d i f f e ren t i a t i on from standard plumbing symbol.
6. Triangular shape is already used for f i re extinguisher symbol, and would thus cause confusion. In addition, i t is not necessary to di f ferent iate between'standplpe and sprinkler r iser symbols. Drawings Will show differences.
7. Circle with X in middle (:an represent any type of riser. (See 4-2.2 for sprinkler r iser . )
(Log # 2) 172- 24 - (z~-2.6): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Rick R. Schartel, Pennsylvania Power & Light Co. ~F~ZH__H_~ND__~_T_~_~: Revise Dry Pipe Valve Symbol as follows:
S~BSTANTIATION: Current symbol is too similar to a gate valve. Symbol as proposed more closely identi f ies the valve's action with a check valve. Proposed symbol also eliminates potential confusion with that of a post indicator valve. COMMITTEE ACTIOff: Accept in Principle.
I. Revise symbol for 4-2.6 as follows:
Dry-Pipe Valve +
£
2. Revise symbol for 4-2.7 as follows:
q~
Dry-Pipe Valve with Quick Opening Device - Accelerator or Exhauster "¢,
H~O_~UEEE~_._~_T/~MENT: Committee agrees to potent ial problem of current symbol's s i m i l a r i t y to post - ind icator valve. However, submitter 's recommendation would be confusing with current symbol for check valve. Committee's use of f | l l e d in diamond iS consistent with other representation of deluge valve and preaction valve.
(Log #3) 172- 25 - (Chapter 5): Accept in Part SUBMITTER: William P. Garvey, Ashland, HA ~E_CQMM[NDA!~Q_N: Add the fo l lowing symbols to Chapter 5 for Halon 1301 systems:
291
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CU
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29
2
SUBSTANTIATION: The current edition of the referenced standard does not provide any recommended symbols for the components of a Malon 1301 system. Over the years, a set of standard symbols has evolved and is currently in use in our company and throughout our distributor organization. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Part.
I. Use three letters HCP Halon Control Panel; insert under "Comments" for 2-4.1.
2. Accept in Principle. See Committee Action of Proposal 172-17 (Log #10).
3. Accept in Principle. See Committee Action of Proposal 172-17 (Log #10).
4. Accept in Principle. See Committee Action of Proposal 172-17 (Log #10).
5. Insert the following under "Comments" for 2-1.1:
~ Halon
Q ~ Carbon Dioxide
• D Dry Chemical
~ F Foam
[ ~ ] ~ / Wet Chemical
(~. Reject. 7. Accept in Principle. (a) Modify t i t l e of 2-I to read "Signal In i t iat ing
Devices and Switches." (b) Add a new 2-1.1.3:
Abort switch
8. Reject. 9. Reject. 10. Reject;" 11. Reject. 12. Reject. 13. Reject. 14. Reject. 1.5. Reject. 16. Accept. 17. Reject. 18. Accept in Principle. (a) Add submitter's recommendation as an additional
symhol for 2-2.1.4. Under "Coenents", add: "Horn with l ight as one assembly."
(b) For existing 2-2.1.4 symbol, add under "Comments": "Horn with l ight as separate devices."
(c) In existing 2-2.1.4, circle for l ight is to be same as in 2-2.2.1, and moved closer to horn.
19. Reject. 20. Accept. 21. Reject. 22. Accept in Principle.
(a) Create new Chapter 9 "Miscellaneous Symbols." (b) Add new symbol under 9-I for "Agent Storage
Container" as follows:
with following under "Comments": "Specify type of agent and mounting."
23. Reject. 24. Reject. 25. ReJect. 26. Accept in Principle. Insert in new Chapter 9 (as
9-2) the symbol and text of existing 4-I.9. 27. Accept in Principle. (See Committee Action for
item 26.) 28. Accept in Principle. (See Committee Action for
item 26.) 29-41. Reject.
~OMMITTEE STATEMENT: I. Committee adds symbol as a Supplementary Indicator
2-4. Recommendation addressed in Proposals 172-17 /(Log #I0) and 172-18 (Log #I I . )
5. Halon is not the only type needing supplementary indication.
6. Refer to 2- I . I . Symbol is already developed. 7. Abort switch not restricted to halon. Symbol
recommended for abort is already used for control panels. Committee recommendation is used in industry.
8. A distinguishable switch for maintenance is not necessary. Sometimes this function is included in control panel.
9. There are many variations for this type of switch, and a standard symbol is not practical.
lO. Refer to Section 2-4.2. Symbol is already developed. '
I I . Referto Section 2-2.2.1. Symbol for l ight is already developed.
12. This indicator is typical ly found in control and annunciation panels.
13. Refer to 2-2.1.2. Symbol is already developed. 14. Refer to 2-2.1.2. Symbol is already developed. 15. Can use symbol under 2-2.1.1 with supplementary
indicator. 16. This is the same as is currently used. 17. Can use symbol under 2-2.1.4 with supplementary
indicator. 18. Horn with l ight can be either an integral device
or two separate devices. ~ 19. Can use symbol under 2-2.2.1 with supplementary
indicator. 20. This is the same as is currently used. 21. Refer to Section 2-2.1.I. Symbol is already
developed. 22. Committee agree~ with need for symbol for agent
storage container. Submitter's recommendation is best generlc representation.
23. See Committee Action on item 22. Sub-differentiatlon is' not warrented.
24. See Committee Action on item 22. Sub-differentiation is not warrented.
25. See Committee Action on item 22. Sub-differentiation is not warrented.
26. There are more types of nozzles than can be depicted. I t is customary to indicate nozzles using an arrow with note specifying type, ori f ice, size, etc.
27. See Committee Action on item 26. 28. See Committee Action on item 26. 29-41. I. Symbols are already developed. See
Proposals 172-14 (Log #7) and 172-15 (Log #8), respectively.
2. I t is not practical to use broken lines extensively for symbols.
(Log # I) 17Z- 26 - (5-3.2): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Nicola LoStracco, Fenwal Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise halon symbols as follows:
293
SYMBOL
FFT] F-~T]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ]
CED CE] b[E] bE]
bl~].
G [] ® E- G- 4---
DESCRIPTION.
HALON CONTROL PANEL FIRE ALARM PANEL GRAPHIC ANNUNCIATOR DIRECTORY ANNUNCIATOR HALON PULL STATION FIRE ALARM PULL STATION HALON ABORT SWITCH MAINTENANCE SWITCH MAIN RESERVE SWITCH DOOR HOLDER REMOTE ALARM INDICATOR REMOTE TROUBLE INDICATOR HALON ALARM BELL FIRE ALARM BELL HALON ALARM HORN FIRE ALARM HORN HALON HORN/STROBE FIRE ALARM HORN/STROBE DISCHARGE STROBE
WALL MOUNTED SPHERICAL FLOOR MOUNTED SPHERICAL CYLINDRICAL A,S,C
NOZZLE (i80°~ NOZZLE (360 °)
SPIRAL NOZZLE
A,S,C A,S,C
-J~ ® 0 @ @
0 @ ® 0 @
T I ULTRAV~OL_ET DETECTOR DUCT DETECTOR IONIZATION DETECTOR (CEILING) IONIZATION DETECTOR (S.UBFLOOR) IONIZATION DETECTOR (PLENUM) PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR (CEILING) PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR (SUBFLOOR) PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR (PLENUM) THERMAL DETECTOR (CEILING) THERMAL DETECTOR (SUBFLOOR) THERMAL DETECTOR (PLENUM)
294
SUBSTANTIATION: Architectural and engineering drawing symbols for Halogenated Agent Extinguishing Systems are currently inadequate. Halon system drawings are tradit ional ly confusing because they use a wide variety of components and 'are often included with f ire alarm and other system drawings. Standardization would be highly beneficial for this rapidly growing industry. I t is best that the NFPA 172 committee provide standardization before individuals who use Halon diversify to a point of non-agreement. The committee should address thls problem even i f these partlcular symbols are not accepted at this time. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
See Committee Action for Proposal 172-25 (Log #3). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Recommendations are almost identical to those in Proposal 172-25 (Log #3), and are thus considered addressed by Committee Action in that Proposal.
(Log # 14) 172- 27 - (8-1.1): Accept in Principle SUBMIT[ER: Scott D. Corrin, Colton, CA RECOMMENDATION: Revise symbol for 8-1.1
Control Panel for Heating Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Exhaust, Stairwell Pressurization or Similar Equipment.
SUpS TANTLATI_ON: Revised symbol wi l l provide specific identif ication of the function of an mechanical systems control panel. Specific identif ication is necessary when numerous control panels are involved. This symbol wil l clearly indicate the location where emergency personnel may override automatic mechanical systems operation. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
See Committee Action of Proposal 172-17 (Log #10). COHMITTEE STATEMENT: Issue raised is considered addressed in Proposal 172-17 (Log #I0).
Editorial Changes
1. In 4-2.4, under "Comments," change "3-2.6" to "3-2.7".
Re as_on : Incorrect reference
SEGMENT I I I
(Log #TC-I) 174- I - (Ti t le) : Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Correct the t i t l e to read:
"Standard for Fire Protection Symbols for Risk Analysis Diagrams." (change underline) SUBSTANTIA!I.ON: Editorial. The word "for".was omitted from the t i t l e . Original intent of Committee was for document to be a standard. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
I (Log #TC-9)
174-.2 - (I-1.2 and I-3.1): Accept ~UBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECO_MMENDATION: I. In I-1.2, place period after "NFPA 172)", and delete remainder of sentence.
2. In I-3.1, delete "and f~ire department'prefire planning." ~UBSTANTIATION: Standard does not cover this subject. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-2) 174- 3 - (I-3.2): Accept ~UBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Delete last sentence:
"NFPA 174 does not . . . " B ~ T I A T I O N : Committee may need to use supplementary indicators in document. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-3) 174- 4 - (I-3.2 and A-I-3.1 (New)): Accept ~L~MITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols R__ECOMME_NpA_TIQN: I. Move the f i r s t sentence of I-3.2 to the Appendix as a new A-I-3.1.
2. Delete paragraph designation I-3.1 and move the text up under I-3 Application. SUBSTANTIATION: To conform to NPPA Manual of Style and to move explanatory material to the Appendix. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-4) 174- 5 - (I-4 and A-I-4 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Move the notes for Referent and Symbol in I-4 to the Appendix as (New) A-I-4, Referent and A-l-4, Symbol, respectively. SUBSTANTIATION: To conform to NFPA Manual of Style (explanatory material can be placed in Appendix. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-5) 174- 6 - ( l - 4 and A - l - 4 (New)): Accept
' SUBffITTER: Technical Committee on F i resa fe ty Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Add the following definition and corresponding Appendix material to I-4.
Supplementary Indicators. Figures, numbers, subscripts or le t ter abbreviations used to enhance the effectiveness of symbols.
A-l-4 Supplementary Indicators: Supplementary indicators may be placed inside of or adjacent to tile symbol as seen f i t . A legend of these indicators with their respective meaning would accompany each plan on which they are used. SUBSTANTIATION: Supplementary indicators are referred to in Section I-3.2 (old) without a definition. The definit ion proposed is the same used in other symbols documents. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
295
(Log #TC-6) 174- 7 - (I-5.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols BECOMMENDATION: I. Add a t i t l e for the paragraph to read:
"Symbol Shapes" 2. Delete "of the symbols presented in this
standard" from the f i r s t sentence. 3. Delete "and good practices must always be
employed in graphic presentations" from the last sentence. SUBSTANTIATION: I. The addition of the t i t l e conforms to the NFPA Manual of Style.
2. The "good practices" referred to in the deleted portion of the last sentence should be covered by "standards on drawing practice" referred to in the same sentence.
3. Deletion of material from the f i r s t sentence removes redundant language. COHMITTEE ACTION: Accept,
(Log #TC-7) 174- O - (I-5.2): Accept SUB~X~!ER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: I. Delete "susceptible to micrographic drawing techniques."
Z. Move I-5.2, as modified, to Appendix A-I-2. 3. Renumber accordingly.
S~BSTANTIATION: I. Terminology is no longer clear. 2. Material is advisory, and belongs in appendix of
document. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-8) 174- 9 - (2-2): Accept SUBM[TTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Revise 2-2 to read:
"Railroad tracks shall be shown by parallel l ines." SUBSTANTIATION: All other statements throughout standard use"~shall be shown" rather than "are shown." Conform to NFPA Manual of Style. COMUIUEE ACTIO_N: Accept.
(Log # 2) 174- 10 - (Chapter 3): Reject SUB MXT!ER: Oaryl J. Oie, Fair Oaks, CA RECOMMENDATION: Add the following symbols for:
I. Areas where large amounts of hazardous materials are stored. C~
2. Knox box (High Security) ~ [-~
Knox box (Low Security) [3 G
SUBSTANTIATION: I as of about a year and one-half ago acquired the duties of doing the pre-fire plans for our f i re d is t r i c t (Florin Fire Protection Distr ict . ) In the research that I did for this project i t became evident to me that a few more symbols should be added for easy visual identif ication. What we fe l t needed to be identified was the areas where Hazardous Material were being stored or a hazardous f i re condition existed and where Knox Box type locks are installed. To solve these problems I studied the symbols now available on template form. What I came up with was the symbol for evergreen trees and shrubs from Berol RapiDesign R-715 LANDSCAPE template. We use this symbol to designate areas where large amounts of Hazardous Materials are stored, High Voltage, overhead hazards, or where any other unusual hazards exist for the f irefighter. The other symbol is just a simple box with an R or G next to i t . This designates a Knox Box of either high or low security. Both of these symbols have worked well for our department and as you can see are readily recognized on a pre-fire plan. I would l ike to submit these symbols to you for adoption by the NFPA. CO.M_MI_ITE~TI__Q~!: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: I. Reference to hazardous materials has been added to new Appendix E of NFPA 178, Standard for Fire Fighting Operations and Prefire Planning Symbols.
2. The term "Knox Box" is a registered trademark.
(Log # I) 174- 11 - (3-6.6 (New)): Reject SUBMIUER: Scott D. Corrin, Colton, CA RECOMMENDATION: Add the following new symbol:
Hazardous Materials Location (NFPA 704 Designation to be Included)
S UB__STA.NTI__A_T~O_~: This new symbol would specify on pre-plan drawings, or similar submittals, the location within a structure, where hazardous materials are stored or used. The symbol would indicate general locations only. Identif ication of the severity of the hazard would be by providing the NFPA 704 designators within the referent as necessary. COMMITTEE ACTIO__FF: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Symbol is not used for risk analysis drawings. Information on "704" diamond has been added to new Appendix E of NFPA 178, Standard for Fighting Operations and Preflre Planning Symbols.
296
SEGMENT IV
(Log #TC-I) 178- 1 - (T i t le) : Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATIOn: Revise t i t l e to read: "Standard ~ Fire Fighting Operations Symbols"
(change underl lned) SUDSTANTIATION: To a l low placement of th is standard in Codes and Standards'Volumes of the National Fire Code~."Or ig ina l i n ten t of Committee was for'document to be a standard. ~OMMITTEE'ACTION: Accept.
0 I
178- 2 - (I-2.1): Accept in Principle (Log #I) I ~UBMI!~ER: Scott D. Corrin, Colton, CA I RE~O~ME~P~_IJ~: Add to the ex i s t l ng tex t :
I-2.1 The purpose of this standard is to provide U. l f o m f i r e f i gh t i ng symbols to ease communication when~yer symbology is employed t o p r o v i d e informat ion to f i re . f igh ters 'and other emerqency responders. (Addi t ion underl ined) .SUBSTANTIATION: Fire service pre-plan, lnformat lon in some Occupancies may invo l ve responders from other agencies. Inclusion of oEher responders in development a n d o r i e n t a t i o n of pre-plan content w i l l assist in communication.during emergency situations. C~MMITTEE ACTION:, Accept in Pri'nciple. I
I. Accept submitter's recommendation. I 2.' In existing I~I, add at end of sentence "and other emergency responders."" ~p_MM!TTEE STATEMENT: 2." For consistency with change in ~-2.1L "
"i
(Log #TC-6) 178- 3 - (I-2.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical ConmHttee on Firesafety Symbols
I RECQM~ENDATIQ_N:. Change "ease"to "improve". SUBSTANTIATION: Improve grammar. COM__MIT~EEA_AC~!_0N: Accept.
(Log #TC-2) 178- 4 - (I-2.3 and A-I-2.3 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols
i RECpMMENDATION: Move the second sentence of I-2.3 to a new Appendix.A-l-2.3Z SUBSTANTIATION: .To conform to the NFPA Manual of Style by'moving explanatory material to the Appendix. COMMITTEE AT~J_~_O_~: Accept.
(Log #TC-3) 178- 5 - (I-3 and A-1-3 (New)): Accept SUBM~JE~: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols
I ECOMMENDATI__O_N: 1. Delete numbering for each word
• Z. Move the notes following the definitions for Symhol and Referent to the Appendix to read as follows:
A-1-3 Symbol. Ideally, a symbol should be simple, should be readily understood, should have a strong impact, and should be easily remembered.
A-I-3 Referent. A symbolized concept may include a condition, a function, an intended action, a fact, or a relationship. SUBSTANTIATION: To conform to NFPA Manual of Style. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-4) 178- 6 - (I-4.1 and A-I-4.1 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: I. Revise I-4.1 to read:
"I-4.1 Symbol shapes. Basic fundamental shapes are the primary emphasis of this standard."
2. Insert in Appendix A the following: '!A-I-4.1 Changes in line thickness, scale, or details
are not recommended." SUBSTANTIATION: To conform to NFPA Manual of Style. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(keg #TC-5) 178- 7 - (I-4.4 (New)): Accept ~ E R : Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Move the last sentence of I-4.1 to a new I-4.4 to read: "1-4.4 Symbol Orientation. Symbol orientation shall
not be altered from the standard." SUBSTANTIATION: To conform to NFPA Manual of Style. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #TC-7) 178- 8 - (Chapter 2, Symbol 7 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Firesafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Add new Symbol 7 For Gas Valve ShutoFF.
Renumber existing symbols 7 through 10 as 8 through 11, respectively. SUBSTANTIATION: Firefighters look to shutoff u t i l i t i es as necessary. A symbol for gas line shutoffs is thus created for inclusion in this document. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.
(Log #2)
178- 9 - (Appendix E (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Thomas R. Wood, Boca Raton Fire Dept. RECOMMENDATION: The following symbols are recommended for use by f i re service personnel in the development of sketches and diagrams for pre-fire planning:
"x
297
Appendix E PRE-FIRE PLANNING SYHBOLS
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
S.
5.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11 . -
1 2 . ,
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
lg .
20,
21.
22.
© 23.
24.
25.
26,
27.
V1 28.
29.
30,
31.
32.
Access Features m Assessment Features & U t i l i t ~ ~hUtuifs Access Features
Fire Department Access Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . / F ~
Ftre Department Key Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L ~ Specific Variations:
"Knox" Key Box ....... ......................
"Hudson" Key Box ..................................... Assessment Features
Fire Alarm Annunciator Panel ......................... L~
Fire Alarm Reset Panel ............................... L~
Fire Alarm Communications Panel ...................... L~
Smoke Control & Pressurization Panel ................. X
Sprinkler System Water Flow Bell {Water Gong) .... Utility Shutoffs
Electric Shutoff ..................................... L~k
Gas Shutoff . .~ . . . . . . . . . . " / / ~ Specific Variations: /~
L P Gas Shutoff ......................................
Natural Gas Shutoff .................................. L~I
Flre Alarm Detection Equipment
Duct Detector ........... " .............................
Heat Oetector~ ....................................... <~)>
Smoke Detector... ....................................
Flow Switch {Water) ..................................
Pull Station .........................................
Tamper Switch ........................................
Halon System .........................................
Dry Chemical System ..................................
C02 System ...... .....................................
Water Flow Control Valves
Post Indicator Valve .................................
Riser Valve {O.S.& Y.) ...............................
Sprinkler Zone Valve ................................. @
Hose Cabinet and/or Connection .......................
Wall Hydrant/Test Header ............................. ~)
Equipment Rooms
Alr Conditioning Equipment Room ...................... [] (AHUs - Air Handling Units)
Elevator Equipment Room .............................. ~-~
Emergency Generator Room ............................. ['E['E['E['E['E['E[E~
Fire Pump Room ....................................... FF~
Telephone Equipment Room ............................. ~-~
2 9 8
SUBSTANTI~_!~O__~N: There is a nee~ for a standard set of eas i ly remembered and easy to reproduce symbols fu r pre-f ire planning sketches and diagrams. With the use of different shape templates and a le t ter ing guide the "ELECTRICAL SHUT OFF '' can be pin-pointed and represented with a tr iangle with an "E" inside.
A detailed report, has been submitted to the NFPA, includinga study of what I found to be currently available.
Where'fire incidents involve several f i re departments, a standard set of symbols could eliminate a lo t .o f confusion.. CO_MMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.
I. Add Submitter's Recommend~Ltion as new Appendix E. 2 . Change t i t l e of NFPA 178 by addlng "and Pre-fire
Planning Symbols" at end of existing t i t l e . 3. Modify Submitter's Recommended Symbols as the
following: (a). Delete symbols 3 and 4. (b) In symbol 7, change t i t l e to 'IFire Alarm Voice
Communication Panel". (c) In symbol 9, delete "(water gong)" /~k,,. (d) Add new symbol 11 "Domestic Water Shutoff
Renumber accordingly. " (el In symbol 18, add "Manual" before "Pull
Station".
(f) Add new symbol 2Z "Wet Chemical System ".
(g) Add new symbol 23 "Foam'System @ " . (11). In symbol 24, delete "(O.S.&Y)". • ( i ) In symbol 26, change "and/or" to "or".
( j ) Change symbol 27 to "Wall Hydrant" ~ "
(k) Add new symbol 28 "Test Header 0 "
(1) Add new symbol 29 "Inspector's Test
Connection (~) ".
(m) Add new symbol 33 "Boiler" Room [ ] i i
(n) Add new symbol 34 "Electrical/Transformer
Room [ ] '" • @
(o) Add new symbol 28 "Fire Hydrant ", new
symbol 29 "Fire Dept. Connection ~_DC~ " and new
symbol 30 "Drafting Site , I
4. Add following explanatory information at beginning of Submitter's Recommendation:
"These symbols are provided to assist f i re suppression personnel that havethe responsibil i ty of preparing pre-f i re plan sketches or diagrams.
The symbols can be reproduced with the use of templates and let ter ing guides. The shapes were chosen for the following reasons:
- Triangle symbols can point at a specific location or direction.
- Diamond symbols ident i fy a specific location by touching a wall.
- Circle symbols are used for al l piping system apendatures, such as valves, since most pipes are round.
- Square symbols are used for a l l room designations as they represent most rooms having four sides.
The choice of let ter ing within the shapes Was chosen for their ease of recall , ( i . e . , SD -Smoke Detector)
~FPA 704 ident i f icat ion of materials may be used to ident i fy the location of hazardous materials within tile
structure ( i . e . , ~ ) . ' .
Other features to complete the pre-f i re plan sketch may be used from those provided in NFPA 174 (e.gL, NFPA 174, Symbol 8-6.1 for Smoke Barrier ).".
~OM~I!T__E_F._~T___AJ_~M~N~: I. Committee agrees with need for pre-f i re planning symbols. Placement in Appendix. is f i r s t step in standardizing on symbols to be used.
Z. Change in t i t l e of NFPA 178 i s ' to reflect additional material on dif ferent but related subject.
3.(a) "Knox" and "Hudson" are trademark names. (b) Clar i f icat ion. . (C) There are other types of Outside water flow
bells. (d) Fire Departments sometimes have to shut off
domestic water supply. (e) Continuity with NFPA 72 series documents. (f) To recognize this system. (g) To recognize this system. (h) There are other types of r iser Valve. ( i ) To conform to NFPA Style Manual. ( j ) Separate entries are necessary. (k) Separate entries are necessary. (I) Symbol is necessary for inspection .purpose and
auxi l lary flushing. (m) This room is considered hazardous. (n) This room is considered hazardous. (o) Necessary items in pre-f l re planning.
4. Information is necessary to explain use of symbols that are used for other purposes in other NFPA documents.
299
NFPA 170
SEGMENT V
170- 1 - (New Standard)): Accept ~BMLF1ER: Technical Committee on F i resafety Symbols RECOMMENDATION: Adopt NFPA 170, Standard for F i resafety Symbols, as described below, and withdraw NFPA 171, 172, 174, 178. SUBSTANTIATION: Combining present ind iv idua l documents under j u r i s d i c t i o n of Technlcal Committee on F i resafety Symbols into a unified document w i l l eliminate duplication, andprovlde a complete reference on f iresafety and related symbols in one document. COMMIT!E_E 4 T~ON: Accept.
Staf f L iaison note to reviewers of Proposed NFPA 170-1991, Standard for. F i resafe ty Symbols: The new ducument be low ' i sopen for publ lc comment on st ructure only. I t ' r e f l e c t s the e d i t o r i a l combining of NFPA 171~1986, NFPA 172~1986 ; NFPA 174-1986 and NFPA 178-1986. Please note that none of the proposed technlcal changes recommended in the Technical Co~iEtee Reports fo~ NFPA 171, 172, 174, and 178 have been incorporated in to NFPA 170 since those proposed change~ have not been f i na l i zed i . e . t h e y a r e open fo r publ ic comment. [Se e proposed changes on pages immediately before th is proposal . ] Public Comments 'on NFPA 170 can cover the subject of combining i t s e l f , and/o r how combinlng should be modif ied from that being' proposed. In submitt ing a Public comment, , reference to 'Proposal No. 170-1 should be included on the Comment Form. '
NFPA 170
Standard on Firesafety Symbols (Combining NFPA 171, 172, 174, 178)
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - General 1-1 Scope I-Z Purpose 1-3 Units
Chapter 2 - De f i n i t i on 2-1 NFPA De f in i t i ons 2-2 De f in i t i ons of Terms Used in th is Standard
Chapter 3 - Publlc Firesafety Symbols (Chapters I and 2 of NFPA 171)
Chapter 4 - Fire Protection Symbols for Architectural & Engineering Drawings
Chapters I to 8 of NFPA 172)
Chapter 5 - Fire Protection Symbols for Risk Analysis Diagrams
(Chapters I to 6 of NFPA 174)
Chapter 6 : Fire Fighting Operational Symbols (Chapters I and 2 of NFPA 178)
Chapter 7 - Referenced Publications 7-I NFPA Publications 7-2 Other Publications
Appendix A - Explanatory Notes (Asterisked (*) paragraphs)
Appendix B - Referenced Publications (Informatory) D-1 NFPA Publicatiohs D-2 Other Publicatiohs
BL2.1 (For Chapter 3) B-2.2 (For Chapter 4) B-2.3 (For Chapter 5) B-2.4 (For Chaptek 6)
Appendix C - Addl t lonal Explanatory Informat ion on Chapters 3 to 6.
C-1 (Not used)
C-2 (Not used)
C-3 Informat ion on Chapter 3 C-3.1 Symbol Testing (Appendix B of NFPA 171)
J C-4 Informat ion on Chapter 4
C-4.1 Symbol Select ion Procedure (Appendix B of NFPA 172) C-d.2 Discussion of Basic Symbols (Appendix C of NFPA 172)
C-5 Informat ion on Chapter 5 C-5.1 Use of Color Coding (Appendix C of NFPA 174) C-5.2 International System (SI) Metric Conversions (Appendix D of NFPA 174) C-S.3 Symbol Select ion Procedure (Appendix E of NFPA 174) C-5.4 Discussion of Symbol Shapes & Sizes (Appendix F NFPA 174)
C-6 Informat ion on Chapter 6 C-6.1 Symbol Testtn~ (Appendix B of NFPA 178) C-6.2 Symbol Select ion Procedure (Appendix C of NFPA 178) C-6.3 Discussion of Symbol Shapes & Sizes (Appendix D of NFPA 178)
NFPA 170
Standard on F!resafety Symbols
1991 Edition
NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or le t te r designating a paragraph indicates explanatory material on that paragraph in Appendix A.
Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 7 and Appendix"B.
Chapter I General
1-1 Scope. The scope of th is standard consists of the scopes included at the beginning of Chapters 3 through 6.
!-2 Purpose. The purpose of th is standard is to bring in to one document a l l the standards under the Ju r i sd i c t i on of the F i resafety Symbols Committee.
1-3 Units. Metr ic uni ts of measurement used in th is standard a r e i n accordance with the In te rna t iona l System of Units (S i ) . One un i t ( l i t e r ) , outside of but recognized by SI, is commonly used i n ' i n t e rna t l ona ] f l re . protect !on. For conversion fac tors , see Appendix C~5~2~
Chapter 2 De f in i t i ons
2-1 O f f i c i a l NFPA De f in i t i ons .
Approved. Acceptable to the "au tho r i t y having j u r i s d i c t i o n . .'
NOTE: The National Fire Protect ion Associat ion does not approve, inspect or c e r t i f y any i n s t a l l a t i o n s , procedures, equipment, or mater ia ls nor does i t ' approve or evaluate tes t ing labora to r ies . In determining the accep tab i l i t y of i n s t a l l a t l o n s or procedures,' equipment or mater ia ls , the au tho r i t y h a v l n g j u r l s d l c t i o n may
b a s e acceptance on compliance with NFPA or other appropr iate standards., In the absence of such standards, said au tho r l t y may require evidence of proper i n s t a l l a t i o n , procedure or use. The au tho r i t y having Jd r l sd i c t l on may also re fer to the l i s t i n g s or labe l ing p~actlces of an organizat ion concerned with. product evaluat ions, which is in a pos i t ion to determ!ne compliance with appr0pr late standards for the current producti0n of l l s t ed items. '
3 0 . 0
Authority Having Jurisdiction. The "authority having jur isdict ion" is the organization, off ice or individual responsible for "approving"~quipment, an instal lat ion or a procedure.
NOTE: The phrase "authority having jur isdict ion" is used in NFPA documents in a broad manner since jur isdict ions and "approval" agencies vary as do their responsibi l i t ies. Where public safety is primary, the "authority having jur isdict ion" may be a federal, state, local or other regional department or individual such as a f i re chief, f i re marshal, chief of a f i re prevention bureau, labor department, health department, building o f f i c ia l , electr ical inspector, or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or other insurance company representative may be the "authority having jur isd ic t ion;" In many circumstances the property owner or his designated agent assumes the role of the "authority having jur isdict ion"; at government instal lat ions, the commanding of f icer or departmental o f f ic ia l may be the "authority having jur isd ic t ion."
Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol or other identifying mark of an organization acceptable to the "authority having jur isdict ion" and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials and by whose labeling tile manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.
Listed. Equipment or materials included in a l i s t published by an organization acceptable to the "authority having jur isdict ion" and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of l isted equlpme.nt or materials and whose l is t ing slates either that the equipment or material meets appropriate standards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner.
NOTE: The means for identifying l isted equipment may vary for each organization concerned with product evaluation, some of which do not recognize equipment as l isted unless i t is also labeled. The "authorityhaving jur isdict ion" should u t i l i ze the system employed by the l i s t ing organization to identify a l isted product.
Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.
Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.
Standard. A Document containing only mandatory prnvisinns using the word "sha11" to indicate requirements. Explanatory material may be included only ill the form of "f ine print" notes, in footnotes, or in all appendix.
2-2 Definitions of Terms Used in the Standard. (See ~-I.3, 4-1.3, 5-1.4, 6- I .3.)
Chapter 3 Public Firesafety Symbols
3-I Introductlon.
3-I.1 Scope. This chapter provides referents and symhols for visual ly alert ing building occupants during f i re and related l i f e safety emergencies.
NFPA 170
3-1.2 Purpose. L
3-I .Z. I The purpose of this chapter is to provide uniform f iresafety symbols to improve communication wherever signs and symbols are employed to provide f iresafety information to building occupants.
3-1.2.2 This chapter provides uniformity in the selection of symbols designed to assist building occupants in locating exits, f iresafety alert ing equipment, and safe areas.
3-1.2.3 The fundamental imagery for symbols, as well as their, background color and shape, is designated in this standard. In practice, symbols may be combined with other symbols or devices such as words and lighted panels to provide optimal visual alert ing.
3-1.2.4 Thi.s chapter does not specify viewing distance, size, or optimal combinations of symbols, words, or other presentations. The reader is referred to other standards, such as those prepared by the NFPA Committee on Safety to Life and the ANSI Z535 Committee on Safety Signs and Colors, for such information.
3-1.3 Definitions.
• Referent. An object or concept (message) represented by a symbol.
NOTE: A symbolized concept may include a condition, a function, an intended action, a fact, or a relationship.
Symbol. A graphic representation of a referent or message.
NOTE: Ideally, a symbol should be graphically simple, should be readily understood, should have a strong impact, and should be easily remembered.
3-I.4 Symbol Presentation.
3-I.4.1 Basic fundamental symbol imagery is the primary emphasis of this standard. However, changes in l lne thickness, scale, or details are not recommended. Likewise, symbol orientation shall not be altered from this standard.
3-1.4.2 The symbol background shape shall be square.
Exception: For proh ib i t ion symbols a c i rc le and diagonal slash (at 45 ° from upper l e f t to lower r ight) shall be used.
Example:
3-1.4.3 Symbol Color. The symbol color shall meet the requirements of ANSI 253.1-197g, Safety Color Code for Harking Physical Hazards.
301
NFPA 170
3-2 Public Firesafety Symbols
SYMBOL NUMBER
Symbol
Referent
Characteristics
Application*
Emergenc~ Exit
Square Field; Background Green; Door Opening White; Image in Green or Black
The ident i f ica- tion and loca- tion of an emer- gency exi t .
Example: The location of exi t for use in a f i r e emergency.
* Use is not restricted to the examples cited.
Emergency Exit Route
Square Field; Background Green; Door Opening White; Image in Green or Black
The ident i f ica- tion and loca- tion of a route to be used in an emergency.
Example: The direction to a f i r e exi t .
302
• . N F P A 1 7 0
SYMBOL NUMBER
Symbol
3 4
Referent Handicapped Handicapped Emergency Exit Emergency Exit
Route
Characteristics Square Field; Square Field; Background Background Green; Door Green; Door Opening White; Opening White; Image in Green Image in Green or Black or Black
Application* The identif ica- The identif ica- tion of an emer- tion of a route ~ency exit that that leads to an Is accessible to emergency exit handicapped tha t i s access ib le users, as to handicapped spec i f i ed by users. ANSI A l l 7 . 1 .
Example: The l o c a t i o n o f a f i r e e x i t tha t i t access ib le to handicapped u s e r s .
* Use i's not res t r i . c ted to the examples c i t ed .
Example: The l o c a t i o n o f the route toward . a ' f i r e e x i t t ha t i s access lb le to handicapped users.
3 0 3
NFPA 170
SYMBOL NURSER
Symbol
• 5 6 7
Referent
Charac te r i s t i cs
App l l ca t l on "
Not and Ex i t Use Sta i rs in NO SHOKING Case of F i re
C i rcu la r F ie ld ; Square F ie ld ; C i r cu la r F ie ld ; Red C i rc le and Red Flame; Red C i rc le and Slash; Black [m- Black Figure; Slash; Black Im- age; White Nhlte Back- age; White Background ground Background
The i d e n t l f l c a - An i ns t ruc t i on The i d e n t i f i c a - t i on of doors to the user to t l on of areas in that do NOT use s ta i r s in which smoking lead to an e x i t . case of f i r e . is p roh ib i t ed .
Example: Example: Example: The loca t ion of The i d e n t i f i c a - I d e n t i f i c a t i o n of an i n t e r i o r door t i on of e levators areas, such as such as one that should those fo r f lam-
. leading to a NOT be used in mable l i q u i d c lose t , i n t e r i o r case of f i r e . storage, where courtyard, or smoking could basement, lead to f i r e or
exp los ion.
* Use is not r e s t r i c t e d to the examples c i ted .
304
Chapter 4 Fire Protection Symbols for Archi tectura l and Engineer!ng Drawings 1
4-1 Introduct ion.
4-1.1 Scope.
4-1.1.1 This chapter presents f i r e protect ion symbols for the a rch i tec tu ra l , engineering, and a l l i ed design f i e lds . ' .
4-1.1.2 Devices inf requent ly used in a given set of drawings are not standardized by th is document. TheY , usually are accompanied by narrat ive descr ipt ion, e l ther on the drawing or in spec i f ica t ions.
4-1.2 Field of Appl icat ion.
4-1.2.1 The symbols presented in th is chapter are inLended to aid those wishing to apply standardized f i r e protect ioh symbols on drawings for deslgn, construction, and renovation processes.
4 - i .Z .2 Drawings and the symbology therein normally are supplemented by wr i t ten spec i f ica t ions. The effectiveness of the symbols may be enhanced by th e use of,supplementary f igures, numbers, subscripts, or l e t t e r abbreviat ions. These supplementary indicators may be placed inside of or adjacent to the symbol as seen f i t . A legend of these indicators wi th the i r ' meaning would accompany each plan on which theyare used. Thls chapter does not attempt to standardlze on supplementary ind icators .
4-1.3 Def in i t ions.
Symbol. A graphic representation of a referent .
NOTE: Idea l l y , a symbol should be simple, readi ly understood, have strong impact, and eastl ~ be remembered.
Referent. An object represented by a graphic symbol.
NOTE: A referent may be abstract such as a cpndi t ion, concept, funct ion, relat ionship~ fact , oc act ion.
4- | .4 Symbol Presentation.
4-1.4.1 Basic fundamental shapes of the symbols presented in th is standard are the primary emphasis of t i l ls standard~ Scale, l ine thickness, e t c . , ' a r e the subject of standards on drawing pract ice, and good practices must always be employed in graphlc presentations:
4-1.4.2 The symbols in th is chapter are intended to be simple, t ransferrable by use of templates, susceptible to computer graphics drawing techniques', and l im i ted to those referents that are used repe t i t i ve l y in a set of drawings. "
1 This chapter on arch i tectura l /engineer ing symbols draws heavi ly on the symbols already developed by various societ ies, agencies, and i n d u s t r y .
NFPA 170
4-1.4.3 Symbol Scale. Scale of the symbol is important in that the symbols must a l l be used in the same re la t i ve size on any one d~awlng.
4-1.4.4 Symbol Or ientat ion.
4-1.4.'4.1 Orientat ion of most symbols can be changed. These symbols must always be or iented to the wal ls, piping, e lec t r l ca l l lnes, e tc . , to which they are attached. (See Example i . )
Example 1 :
4-1~4.4.2 Orientat ion of some symbols must not be changed. These symbols w i l l be indicated with a dagger ( t ) in the standard. (See Example 2.)
Exemple 2:
J I Q
4-1.4.5 Screened Lines. Screened l ines on the standard are not to be considered part of the symbol, but are used to represent the piping, wi r ing, or mounting surface associated with. the symbol.
b
305
NFPA 170
4-2 Fire Alarm and Emergency Communication Symbols
Referent (Synonym) Symbol
4-2.1 Signal I n l t i - atlng Devices.
4-2.1.1 Manual Stations r ' - ] (Call Point) i i
4-2.1.1.1 Manual Alarm Box (Pull Sta- t ion and Pull Box)
4-2.1.1.2 Telephone Sta- t ion (Telephone r ~ Call Polnt)
4-2.1.2 Automatic De- . tect ion and
Supervisory 0 Devices
4~2.1.2.1t Heat Detector (Thermal Detec- (~) tor)
4-2.1.2.27 Smoke Detector (~)
(a ) . Smoke Detector fl - r~-- f in Duct
4-2.1.2.3 Gas Detector 0
4-2.1.2.4t Flame Detector (Flicker Detec- tor) ( ~
4-2.1.2.5 Flow Detector/ X Switch $-- ~V'- '$
4-2.1.2.6t Pressure Oetec- ~__~___./__ tor/Switch etc.
4-2.1.2.7t Level Detector/ Switch t--Jl~---t
4-2.1.2.8 Tamper Detector/ i . ~ . Switch t - --$
4-2.1.2.9 Valve with Tamper Detector/Swltch t . . . . ~ ] t
4-2.2 A ler t ing De- vices.
4-2.2.1 Audible Type ' (Sounder)
4-2.2.1.1 Speaker/Horn [ ~ (E lect r ic Horn)
4-2.2.1.2 Bell (Gong)
4-2.2.1.3 Water Motor Alarm (Water ...~... Motor Gong) t . ,
" , l
4-2.2.1.4 Horn with Light , ' , (Horn with Strobe) [ ~
4-2.2.2 Visual Type
4-2.2.2.1 Light (Lamp, Signal Light, Indicator Lamp, l~o~ Strobe)
4-2.2.2.2 I l luminated Exi t F~] Sign
t Symbol or ientat ion must not be changed.
306
Comments
General
General
Includes f ixed tem- perature, rate com- pensation, and rate- o f - r lse detectors
Includes photoelectr lc and ionizat ion- type detectors
Includes u l t r av i o l e t , infrared and v i s ib le radiat idn type detec- tors
!
Alternate term: Pres- ure swltchTalr, water,
Alternate tem: Tamper switch
Shield optional
4-2.2.2.3
4-2,3
4-2.3.1
4-2.3.2
4-2.3.3
4-2.4
4-2.4.1
4-2.4.2
4-3 Water suPpl~'
4-3.1
4-3.1.1
4-3.1.2
4-3.1.3
4-3.1.4
4-3.2
4-3.2.1
4-3.2.2
4-3.2.3
4-3.2.4
4-3.2.5
4-3.2.6
4-3.2.7
Referep{ (Svnmlvm)
I l luminated Exi t iSign with Direc- t ion Arrow
Emergency I1- lumlnatlon Symbols.
Eme rgen c V Light, Battery Powered, one
Emergency , Light, Battery Powered, two lamps
Emergency Light, Battery Powered,.three lamps
Control ,and Su- pervisory Oe- vices.
Control Panel
Door Holder
and Dis t r ibu t ion Symbols
Referent (Synonym)"
Hains, Pipe.
Public Hater Hain
Private Hater Main.
waterHain Under Bui ld ing ..
Suction Maln
Valves.'(See aiso Section 4-2.)
Post Indicator and.Valve
Key-Operated Valve
OS'&'Y Valve (Outside Screw and Yoke, Ris- ing Stem)
Indicating Butterfl, y Valve
Nonindicating Valve (Honrislng- Stem Valve)
Valve In Pi t
Check Valve valve size
symbol Comments
F'l ?
symbol
z ~
C?mments
Indicate plpe size
Indicate pipe size
Indicate ;~ipe stze
Indicate pipe size
. . . . .
$ .... N .... $ '
In~i cate va;ve size
Indicate valve slze
Indicate valve size
Indicate valve slze
Indicate
NFPA 170
307
NFPA 170
4-3 .3
4-3 .3 .1
4-3.3.2
4-3.3.3
4-3.3.4
4-3.3.5
4-3.4
4-3.4.1
4-3.4.2
4-3.4.3
Referent (Synonym)
Hydrants.
Private Hydrant, One Hose Outlet
Public Hydrant, Two Hose Outlets
Public Hydrant, Two Hose Outlets and Pumper Connec- t l on
Wall Hydrant, Two Hose Outlets
Private Housed Hydrant, two Hose Outlets
,J
Fi re Depart- ment Connec- tions (Siamese).
T~o;-WaY Fi re Department Con- nection (Siamese Connection)
Free Standing Fi re Department Connection (Sia- mese Connectio6)
One-way Fi re Department Connec- tion
4-3.5 Stored Water.
4-3.5.] Water Tower or Tank Above-ground Horizontal
Symbol
, i T
I
i T
Comments
indicate size*"
lhdicate size**
Indicate size*"
Indicate size**
Indicate size**
%f
÷
Specify type, size, and angle
Sidewalk or pi t type, specify size
Speclfytype, size, thread, and angle
C]D Indicate type, construction, size, and height via notations
4-3.5.2 Waker Tower or @ Indicate type, Tank Above-ground construction, Vertical size, and
height via notations
4-3.5.3t Pressure Tank
%
4-3.6 Thrust Block
Indicate type, con£ structlon, size, and height via notations
** symbol elements may be Uti l ized in any combination to f i t the type of hydrant. t Symbol orientation must not be changed.
308
NFPA 170
4-4 Automatic Sprinkler System Symbols
Referent (Svnonvm)
4-4.1 Sprlnklers.
4-4.1".1 SprinkleP, General
4-4.1.2 Upright Spr inkler
4-4.1.3 Pendent Sprinkler
4-4.1.4 Upright Sprinkler, Nippled Up
4-4.1.5 Pendent Sprinkler, on Drop Nipple
4-4.1.6 Sprinkler, With Guard
4-4.1.7 Sidewall .Sprinkler
4-4.1.8 Outside Sprinkler
4-4.1.9 Special Spray Nozzle
4-4.2 Piping, Valves, Control De- vices, Hangers, (See also Section 4-3.)
4-4.2.1 Spr inkler Piping and Branch Line
4-4.2.2 Spr inkler Riser
4-4.2.3
4-4.2.3.1
4-4.2.4
4-4.2.5
4-4.2.6 4-4.2.7
Valve (General)
Angle V~Llve (Angle Hose Valve)
Check Vz~lve (General)
Alarm Check Valve
Dry-Pipe Valve
Dry-Pipe Valve wi th Quick Opening Device - Accelerator or Exhauster.
Deluge Valve
Symbol Conanents
I - - -O--- t t - - -O--- I
to--e---$
t---@---$
I---0---4 t - - -~o--$
t.....~.....t
t..--~----t
Note 1
Note 1
Notes l ,Z
Note1
Notes 1,2
Note 1
Note 1
Open spr ink ler (window or cornice). Specify type, o r i f i c e , size.
Specify type, o r i f i c e , size, other required data. (Shown here.on pipe).
to...N-----4 !
Indicate pipe size
T
T
4-4.2.8 Specify size and type
Should not be confused with foam system symbol when shown only on spr ink ler plans
See also Sec- t ion 4-3.2
Indicate size, type, and other required data
See also 4-3.2.7
NOTE 1: Temperature rat ing of spr ink ler and other character is t ics may be shown via legends when'a l im i ted number of an indiv idual type of spr ink ler is cal led for by the design.
NOTE 2: Can notate "OP" on drawing and/or in speci f icat ions when dry pendent spr ink lers are employed.
309
NFPA 170
4-4.2.9
Referent (Synonym) Symb01
Pipe Hanger t .... -~- t
4-4.3 A1arm/Super- vlsory Devices. (See 4-2.1.)
4-5 Special Hazard Extinguishing System Symbols I
Referent (Synonym) Symbol
4-5.1 Water-based Systems.
4-5.1.1 Wet (Charged) System.
(a) Automatically 0 Actuated
(b) Manually Actu- ated ~']
4-5.1.2 Dry System.
(a) Automatically 0 Actuated
(b) Manually Actu- ro l ated
4-5.1.3 Foam System.
(a) Automatically Actuated ~ )
(b) Mahually Actu- ated []
Commgn~
This symbol is a diagonal stroke imposed on the pipe that i t supports
Comments
4-5.2 Dry Chemical Systems.
4-5.2.1 For Liquid, Gas, and Elec- t r ica l Type Fires
(a) Automatically O " Actuated
(b) Manually Actu- ated FO1
4-5.2.2 For Fires of All Types (Except Metals).
(a) Automatlcally O Actuated
(b) Manually Ac- tuated ~ ]
4-5.3 Systems Ut i l iz- ing a Gaseous Medium.
4-5.3.1 Carbon Dioxide System.
(a) Automatically Actuated
(b) Manually Ac- tuated [ ~
1 These symbols are intended for use in identifying the type of system installed to protect an area within a buildlng.
310
Referent (Svnonvm) Symbol
4-5.3.2 Halon System.
(a) Automatically Actuated
(b) Manually Ac- r ~ tuated
4-5.4 Supplementary Sym- bols.
4-5.4.1 Fully Sprinklered G Space.
4-5.4.2 Partially Sprinklered ( ' ~ Space.
4 - 5 . 4 . 3 Nonsprinklered Space. N ~
4-6 Portable Fire Extinguisher Symbols
Ref~ren~ (Synonym) SYmbol
4-6.1 Basic Symbol
4-6.2 Water Extin- J#~ gulsher.
4-6.3 Foam Extin- gulsher. A
4-6.4 Dry Chemical Extinguishers.
4-6.4.1 For Fires of Liq- A uid, Gas, Elec- trlcal Types
4-6.4.2 For Fires of All Types, Except A Metals
4-6.5 CO 2 Ext~n- A gulshers.
4-6.6 Halon Extin- guishers.
4-7 Fire Fighting Equipment Symbols
Referent (Synonym) SYmbol
4-7.1 Fire f'ighting. Equipment - 1 ~ General Symbol.
..<" 4-7.2 CO 2 Reel Station.
m
4-7.3 Dry Chemical Reel Station.
i
4-7.4 Foam Reel Sta- / ~ tion.
4-7.5 Hose Station, i
Dry Standpipe.
4-7.6 Hose Station, Charged Standpipe.
4-7.7 Monitor Nozzle, Dry.
4-7.8 Monitor Nozzle, Charged. - ~
Comment#
Comments
Comments
Generally for use wl thother symbols to represent specific devices
NFPA 170
311
NFPA 170
4-8 Smoke/Pressurization Control
Referent (Synonym)
4-8.1 Purge Controls.
4-8.1.1 Control Panel
4-8.1.2 Manual Control
4-8.2 Fans.
4-8.2.1 General
4-8.2.2 Duct
4-8.2.3 Roof
4-8.2.4 Wall
4-8.3 Dampers.
4-8.3.1 Fire
4-8.3.2 Smoke
4-8.3.3 Fire/Smoke
4-8.3.d
4-8.4
Barometric
Pressurized Stairwell.
4-8.5 Venti lation Openings.
Symbol
ti-
T
Comments
Arrow direction as required.
Orient as required for base or head injection
Orient as required for intake or exhaust
4-8.6 Smoke/Fire Barriers.
4-8.6.1 Smoke Barrier
4-8.6.2 Fire Rated Wall
4-8.6.3 Combination Fire and Smoke Barrier
Chapter 5 Fire Protectlon'Symbols f o r Risk Analysis Diagrams
5-I Introduction.
5-1.1 Scope.
5-1.I.1 This chapter presents f i re protection symbols for diagrams employed in f i re risk and loss analysis.
5-I.1.Z This chapter is not intended for the preparation of architectural and engineering drawings (see Chapter 4) or for emergency planning diagrams covered (or to be covered) by other NFPA standards.
5-1.1.3 Devices infrequently used in diagrams are not standardized by this document. They usually are accompanied by narrative description, either on the drawing or in specifications.
5-1.2 Purpose. The purpose of the chapter is to provide for uniform f i re protection symbols to ease communication wherever symbology is employed in f i re risk or loss analysis.
5-1.3 Application.
5-1.3.1 The symbols presented in th is chapter are intended fo r use in f i r e r isk analysis diagrams, inc luding those that may be employed in f i r e protect ion consul t ing, f i r e insurance underwr i t ing, and f i r e department p re f i r e planning, or in f i r e loss analysis.
5-1.3.2 The ef fect iveness of the symbols in th is chapter may be enhanced by the use of supplementary f igures, subscripts, numbers, or l e t t e r abbreviat ions. Chapter 5 does not attempt to standardize these supplementary indicators.
5-1.4 Definitions.
Referent. An object represented by a graphic symbol.
NOTE: A referent may be abstract, such as a condi t ion, concept, function, relationship, fact, or action.
Symbol. A graphic representation of a referent•
NOTE: Ideally, a symbol should be simple, be readily understood, have strong impact, and be easily remembered.
312
NFPA 170
5-1:5 ,Symbol Presentation. , , - , Y .
5-'I.5.1 ~ Basic fundamental shapes 0f.the symbols presented in this standard are'the, primery emphesis of this standard~ Scale; l lne thickness, etc., ere subjects of standards of drawing practice, and good practices must always be employed in graphic presentations.
5-I.5~2 The symbols in this chapEer are intended to be simple, transferable by.use of'templates, susceptlble to microgrephic drawing techdiques~ end limited to those referents that are used repetitively in e set of drawings.
5~I.5.3 Screehed Lines~ Screened lines in the chapter are not to be cohsidered part of the symbol, but are used to represent the piping, wiring, or mounting surface associated with the symbol.
5-1.5.4 Cross-Sectionel View. A cross-sectional view u[ buildings may be shown..(SEE. Section 5-3.5.)
5-2 Symbols for Site Features
5-2.1 Buildings.
(a) The exterior walls of buildings shall be outlined in single thickness lines i f other than fire-rated and double thickness lines i f fire-rete~.
(b) The perimeter of cehopies, loading docks, and other open walled structures shztll be shown by broken l ines.
Exemples: /
. . . . . I I ~ HED
Examples: /
5-2-5 Fences.
5-2.5. i Fences shail be shown by l ines with "x 's" every inch (25 mm).
5-2.5.2 Gates shall be shown.
Example of fence With gatei
5-2.6 Property Lines. The notation given below shall indicate property lines.
5-2.7 Fire Department Access. The symbol for f i re department access shall be~
5-2.2 Railroad Tracks. parallel lines.
Example:
Railroad tracks are shown by
R.I.R.R.
5-2.3 Streets. property lines.
Exemple:
Streets shall be shown, usually at
F 10 12-14
DOWNING STREET
5-2.4 Bodies of Water. Rivers, lakes, etc. , Shall be odtl lned.
5-2.8 Other Site Features. For other f i r e protection s i te features, see Sectloh 5-4.
5-3 Symbols for Bul]ding Constr~ction
5-3.1 Types o f .Bu i ld ing Construction~ Types of construction shell be shown nerre t ive ly .
NOTE: See NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Bui lding Construction.
Example:
I FiRE I RESiSTiVE WOOD " coNsT. FRAME CONST. - ~TYPE I I (TYPE V)
5:3.2" Helght~. Height shell be shown to indtcete number of stor ies ebove ground, number of stories below ground, end height from grede to eeves. (See Figure A-5-3.2.)
5-3.3" Walls end Perepets.
5-3.3.1 Walls (see f igure A-3-3).
313
NFPA 170
5-3.3 . i .1
5-3.3.1.Z
5-3.3.1.3
Referent (SvnQnym)
Fire-rated walls, extending the fu l l height of the building
Walls, other than f i re-rated, ex- tending the fu l l height of the building
Walls, par t i - tions, not ex- tending the fu l l height of the bui ld ing (a) Fire-rated (story noted) (b) Other than f i re-rated
Symbol
2nd
5-3.3.2 Parapets. The symbol for parapets ut i l izes one cross for each 6 in. (150 mm) that the parapet extends above the roof. The cross is drawn through an extension of the wall l ine for the parapeted wall (in plan view). See examples in Figure A-5.3.3.
5-3.4 Floor Openings, Wall Openings, Roof Openings, and Their Protection.
Comments
Indicate construction
Construction and story may be indicated.
Referent (Synonym) Symbol
5-3.4.1 Opening in Wall
5-3.4.2 Rated Fire Door in Wall (Less than 3 hours) ~ - -
5-3.4.3 Fire Door in Wall (3-hour rated)
5-3.4.4 Elevator in Combustible L~J Shaft
5-3.4.5 Elevator in Non- combustible Shaft L_~
5-3.4.6 Open Hoistway ~E~I-- 7
5-3.4.7 Escalator
5-3.4.8 Stairs in Com- ~ i bustible Shaft L
5-3.4.g Stairs in Fire- rated Shaft
5-3.4.10 Stairs in Open itl hhll l l
Shaft i ' - - - - I 5-3.4.11 Skyl i ght LSLi
5-3.5" Special Symbols for Cross Sections. (See Figure A-5-3.5.)
5-3.5.1 The fo l lowing symbols shall indicate features of cross sections. I t is recognized that descr ip t ive notes often are required.
Con~ent~
Indicate f loors where found
Indicate f loors where found
Indicate f loors where found
314
5-3.5;2 Roof, Floor Assemblies
Referent (Svnonvm) Symbol
5-3.5.2.1 Fire-reslstlve Floor or Roof
5-3.5.2.2 Wood 3oisted l l t l l t , i~ ,~ i Floor or Roof
5-3.5.2.3 Other Floors or (Stl. 'deck on stl. Roofs joists)
5-3.5.2.4 F loor /Ce i l l ng or Roof /Cei l ing Assembly
5=3.5~2.5 Floor on ~lll~Ul~ll]=--Itl~ Ground
5-3.5.2.6 Truss Roof / / . ;~ . ~
5-3.5.3 Walls, Parti- tions
5-3.5.3.1 Fire-rated Wall
Comments
Note construction
Details indicated, as necessary.
NFPA 1 7 0
5-3.5.3.2 Frame Partition
5-3.5.3.3 Wall with Opening
5-3.6 Miscellaneous Features. A number of features related to f i re protection, which do not fal l under Sections 5-3.1 through 5-3.5, are given below.
Referent (Synonym) Symbol_
5-3.6.1 Boiler I
5-3.6.2 Chimney ( ~
5-3.6.3 Fire Escape
5-3.6.4 Tank, Above Ground
5-3.6.4.1 Hor izontal
5-3.6.4.2 Vertical 0
5-3.6.5 Tank, Below i~--'~ Ground ' . _ v
5-4 Symbols for Water Supply and Distribution
Referent (Synonym) Symbol
5-4.1 Mains, Pipe.
5-4.1.I Public ~ater Main
5-4.1.2 Private Water Main
5-4.1.3 Water Main Under Building . . . . . . .
5-4.1.4 Suction Main
Comments
May describe, in- cluding height and construction
Indicate contents
Indicate contents
Indicate contents
Comments
Indicate pipe s ize, material
Indicate pipe size, material
Indicate pipe size, material
Indicate pipe size, material
5-4.2 Valves. (See also Section 5-5.1.)
5-4.2.1 Post Indicator ./ t f and Valve
5-4.2.2 Key-ope rated mm
Valve . f - T -.!"
Indicate valve size
Indicate valve size
3 1 5 '
NFPA 170
5-4.2.3
5-4.2.4
5-4.2.5
5-4.2.6
5~.3
5-4.3.1
5~.3.2
5-4.3.3
5~.3.4
5-4.3.5
5-4.4
5-4.4.1
5-4.4.2
5~.5
5-4.5.1
5-4.5.2
5-4.6
5-4.7
5-4.7.1
Referent (Synonym)
OS & Y Valve (Outside Screw and Yoke, Ris- ing Stem)
Nonindicating Valve (Non- rising-Stem Valve)
Valve in Pit (OS & Y Shown)
Check Valve
Hydrants.
Prlvate Hydrant, One Hose Outlet
Public Hydrant, Two Hose Out- lets
Public Hydrant, Two Hose Out- lets and Pumper Connection
Wall Hydrant, Two Hose Outlets
Private Housed Hydrant, Two Hose Outlets
Fire Depart- merit Connec- Lions.
Two-way Fire Department Connection (Siamese Con- nect ion
Freestanding Fire Department Connection (Siamese Con- nect ion)
Water Tower or Tank, Above Ground.
Horizontal
Vertical
Meter.
Fire Pump.
Fire Pump With Drives
Symbol
f4"M-£
x
C~9
® s,®,-
~gmments
Indicate valve size
Indicate vaive size
Indicate valve size
Arrow indlcates d i rec t i on of f low
Indicate size
Indicate size
Ind icate size
Ihdlcate size
Indlcate size
Specify size and angle
Sidewalk o r p l t type, speci fy size
Indicate type, con- s t ruc t ion , and size v ia • ,otat tons. Symbol o r i en ta t i on shal l not be changed.
Indicate type
I TM
316
5-5 Symbols for Sprinkler Systems
5-5.1 Piping, Valves, Control Devices.
Referent (Svnonwn)
5-5.1.1 Sprinkler Riser
5-5.1.2 Check Valve
Symbol
® / -b , l~f
5-5.1.3 Alarm Check Valve ,k
5-5.1.4 Dry Pipe Valve
5-5.1.5 Dry Pipe Valve ~ l~ With Quick Opening Device (Accelerator or Exhauster)
5-5.1.6 Deluge Valve (A~
Y 5-5.2 A1 arm/Super-
visory Devices.
5-5.2.1 Flow Detector/ _ ~ Switch (Flow " f - v --~ Alarm)
5-5.2.2 Pressure Detec- - tor/Switch l ----R---~
5-5.2.3 Water Motor Alarm (Water Motor Gong)
5-5.2.4 Electric Alarm Bell (Electric Alarm Gong)
5-6 Symbols for Extinguishing Systems I
Referent (Synonym)
5-6.1 Water-based Systems.
5-6.1.1 Wet (Charged) System (a) Automa- t i c a l l y Actuated
' (by Manually Actuated
5-6.1.2 Dry System (a) Automa- t i c a l l y Actuated (by Manually Actuated
5-6.1.3 Foam System (a) Automa- t ical ly Actuated (by Manually. Actuated
5-6.2 Dry Chemical Systems.
~-6.2.1 For Liquid-, Gas-, and Elec- trical-type Fires (a) Automa- t ical ly Actuated (by Manually Actuated
1 These symbols are intended fo r use in i den t i f y i ng the type of i ns ta l l ed system pro tec t ing an area w i th in a bu i ld ing .
Symbol
® gg
© []
® []
0 []
qomments
i
Arrow indicates d i rec t ion of f low
Specify size
Specify size
Specify size and type
Speclfy size and type
Specify size
Specify type - water, low a i r , high a i r , etc.
Shield opt ional
Comments
317
NFPA 170
Referent (Synonym) Symbol
5-6.2.2 For Fires of All Types, Except Metals. (a) Automa- t ical ly Actuated ( ~ (b) Manually Actuated ~ ]
5-6.3 Systems Ut i l iz- ing a Gaseous Agent.
5 - 6 . 3 . 1 ~ Carbon Dioxide System. (a) Automa- ( ~ t ical ly Actuated (b) Manually Actuated ~ ]
5-6.3.2 Halon System. (a) Automa- t i c a l l y Actuated
• (b) Manually Actuated
5-6.4 Supplementary Symbols.
5-6.4.1 Fully Sprin- ( ~ klered Space
5-6.4.2 Partially Sprin- klered Space ( ~
5-6.4.3 Nonsprinkleredspace
Comments
Chapter 6 Symbols for Fire Fight ing Operations
6-1 In t roduct ion.
6-1.1 Scope. This chapter presents standard referents and symbols for v i s u a l l y a l e r t i n g f i r e f igh te rs during f i r e and re la ted emergencies.
6-1.2 Purpose.
6-1.2.1 The purpose of th is chapter is to provide uniform f i r e f i gh t i ng symbols to ease co~un lca t lon whenever symbology is employed to provide informat ion to f i r e f i gh te rs .
6-1.2.2 This chapter provides un i fo rmi ty in the select ion of symbols intended to ass is t the f i r e f i gh te r in locat ing u t i l i t i e s and f i r e f i gh t i ng equipment.
6-1.2.3 Fundamental shapes of symbols as well as background color and shape are designated in th is chapter. In prac t ice , symbols may be combined with other devices, such as words and l igh ted panels, to provide optimal a l e r t i ng . This chapter does not specify viewing distance, size, or optimal combinations of symbols, words, and other presentations..
G-1.3 DefiniLio,s.
6-1.3.1 Symbol. A graphic representation of a referent.
NOTE: Ideally, a symbol should be simple, should he readily understood, should have strong impact, and should be remembered easily.
6-1.3.2 Referent. An object or concept represented by a symbol.
NOTE: A symbolized concept may include a condi t ion, a funct ion, an intended act ion, a fact , or a re la t i onsh ip .
6-1.4 Symbol Presentat ion.
6-1.4.1 Basic fundamental symbol shapes are the ~ rtmary emphasis of th is standard. However, changes in
ine thickness, scale, or de ta i l s are not recommended. Likewise, symbol o r i en ta t i on shal l not be a l tered from the standard.
6-1.4.2 Symbol Background.
5-1.4.2.1 The background shal l be square.
6-1.4.2.2 The background co]or shal l be red or blue as designated and shal l meet the requirements of American National Standards I n s t i t u t e Standard Z53.1-]g7g for safety red and safety blue.
6-1.4.3 Symbol Color.
6-1.4.3.1 The symbol co lor shal l be safety white and shal l meet the requirements of ANSI Z53.1-1979 for safety white.
318
G-2 Standard Symbols for Fire Fighting Operations
NFPA 170
SYMBOL NUMBER I
Symbol
Referent
Characteristics
Appl icat ion*
@ A
Fire Department Automatic Sprlnkler Connection
Square Field; Background red S~mbol white
The i den t i f i ca - t ion and loca- t ion of a f i r e department automatic ~ ' spr lnkler connection.
Examples: The locat ion of automatic spr ink ler connections on bui ldlngs. The locat ion of free-standing automatic spr ln- k ler connections.
* Use is not res t r ic ted to the examples ci ted.
Fire Department Standpipe Connec- t i o n
Square Field; Background red Symbol white
The i den t i f i ca - t ion and loca- t ion of a f i r e department stand- pipe connection.
Examples: The locat lon of standpipe connections on bui ldings and structures such as bridges, overpasses or elevated highways The locat lon of f ree- standing stanpipe connec- connections.
319
NFPA 170
SYMBOL NUMBER
Symbol
Referent
Characteristics
Application *
¢) II,l @k
Fire Department Fire Hydrant Combined Auto- matic Sprin- k ler /Standplpe Connection
Square F ie ld ; Square F ie ld; Background red Background red Symbol white Symbol white
The i d e n l i f i c a - The i d e n t i f i c a - t ion and loca- l i on and loca- t ion of a f i r e t lon of a f i r e department combined hydrant. automatic sp r i nk l e r / standpipe connection.
Examples: Examples: The locat ion of The locat ion of combined sp r i nk l e r / a f i r e hydrant standpipe or s im i la r water connections on supply. bu i ld ings. NOTE; The symbol Free-standlng may be of part icular combined sprinkler/ use where vehicles or standpipe connection snowfall frequently locations, obscure hydrant locations. •
* Use is not res t r i c ted to the examples c i ted .
320
NFPA 170
SYMBOL NUMBER
Symbol
Referent
Characteristics
Application ~
Automatic Sprinkler Control Valve
Square f ield Background red Symbol white
The identif ication and location of auto- matic sprinkler con- trol valves.
Examples: The location of control valves for automatic sprin- systems. On doors of rooms containing control valves.
E l e c t r i c Panel or E l e c t r i c Shu t -o f f
Square f i e l d Background blue Symbol white
The identif ication and location of an electrical panel or other electric shut- off device.
Example: The location of electric panels or other electric con- trol devices which may be located in basements or mechanical rooms.
Use is not r e s t r i c t e d to the examples c i t ed .
321
NFPA 170
SYMBOL NUMBER
Symbol
Referent
Characteristics
Application*
iloeOt-
Fire Fighting Hose or Standpipe Outlet
Square f ie ld Background red Symbol white
Location of f i re f ighting hose or a standpipe outlet.
Examples: The location of in ter io r f i re f ight- ing hose stations and standpipe outlets in buildings. The location on bridges or elevated highways.
" Use is not restricted to the examples cited.
Fire Extinguisher
Square f ie ld Background red Symbol white
Location of f i re extinguisher.
Example: The location of a f i re extinguisher in buildings and exter ior locations.
322
NFPA 170
SYMBOL NUMBER 9
Symbol
10
. ' • . , . .
Referent Directional Arrow
Characteristics Square f ie ld Background (red or blue) to correspond to accompanying sign.
Symbol white
Application* Direction to the lo- cation of f i re f ight - ing equipment or u t i l i t y . Must always be used in conjunc- tion with, and adja- cent to another symbol indicating the particular equip- ment or u t i l i t y .
Use is not restricted to the examples cited.
Diagonal Directional Arrow
Square f ie ld Background (red or blue) to correspond to,accompanying sign.
Symbol white
Direction to the lo- cation of f i re f ight - ing equipment or u t i l i t y . Must always be used in conjunc- tion with, and adja- cent to another symbolindicating the part icular equip- ment or u t i l i t y .
323
NFPA 170
Chapter 7 Referenced Publ lca t ions
The fo l low ing documents or por t ions thereof are referenced w i th in t h i s standard and shal l be considered par t of the requirements of t h i s document. The ed i t i on indicated fo r each re ference is the current ed i t i on as of the date of the NFPA issuance of th i s document.
7-1 NFPA Pub l i ca t ions . Nat ional F i re Protect ion Associat ion, 1Bat terymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, quincy, HA 02269-9101.
NFPA 220-1985, Standard on Types of Bu i ld ing Construct ion.
7-2 Other Pub l l ca t lons .
7-2.1 ANSI Pub l l ca t ions . American Nat ional Standards i n s t l t u t e , 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.
ANSI Z53,1-1979, Safety Color Code fo r Marking Physical Hazards.
ANSI Al17.1-1980, Spec i f i ca t ions fo r Making Bui ld ings and F a c i l i t i e s Accessib le to and Usable by Phys ica l l y Handicapped People.
Appendi F A Explanatory Informat lon
This Appendix is not a par t of the requirements of th i s NFPA document, but is included fo r in format ion purposes only .
A-5-1.5.1 Diagram Preparat ion and Contents. Where appropr ia te , d!agrams inc lude, but are not l im i t ed to , the fo l l ow ing :
(a) T i t l e block i nd i ca t i ng :
1. Name of company or organ iza t ion
Z. Person making drawing and date of drawing
3. Name and l oca t i on of f a c i l i t y invo lved.
(b) "North" d i r e c t i o n arrow proper ly or iented to the pos i t i on of bu i ld lngs shown.
(c) Scale of d i a ~ r a m , i f used, or "not to sca le . " Scale may be given with a bar measurement i f reduct ion copies are to be made.
Mfg.
2. 26 ft. Br.
10 ft. 6 i... ]1.12ft.,,,
6 in . "
2. 30 f t . ~ 26 ft. Br,
12 in.
.6
¢ 0o
8 Parking
)
0 0 ¢
M A I N 5 T
N
I J=
>1
12 in.
_>
| -= c
3 40" B 20'
E L ~ROUNg.J
G
A Three Stories, No Basement, 40 fit to Eaves.
B One Story with Basement, 20 ft to Eaves.
C One-Equals-Two Stor!es, No Basement, 24 ft to Eaves.
D One Story Open Porch or Shed.
E One Story Addition.
F Thirteen Stories with Basement.
G Underground Structure.
( l l ¢ l l # l l CODyt i l fh~ mal lda l o f h t ~ t w ¢ l $e~ i¢~ Office with i ~ pemmican. C~k l i l~ to I n s u ~ . ° Senlicel OffiCe 1.975.)
Figure A-5-3.2 Bu i ld ing Height Symbols Example.
l
1 4 ~ ONLy
Exterior fire-rated wall without parapet =,, " , Fire wall with 18-in. (450.ram) parapet
Fire-rated wall, not on all floors
Fire-rated division Wall, all floors, no parapet
Partition other than fire-rated
:;: Exterior wall with 24-in. (600-rnrn) parapet
Figure A-5-3.3.1 Examples of Symbols fo r Walls and Parapets.
Figure A-S-1.5.1 Diagram to Exempli fy the Use of Risk Analys is Symbols
324
COmbustible
Fi re Ra i~ l t i ~ l R ~ I
Joistmd Roof
. C~mpesil io* P%oM ~1~ l " ~ f I O . Wood Skeat~
~ Fire Raistive or St~l Joi~tad Floor ~,~ ~i~ (Staid Joistad Fleer Ir~licatad by Note )
Plank Fleer on Timber or ' S in ! S ~ p ) r -
Noncoml~stlble o~ Heavy Timber "Floor with ceiling ri)t directly mm~d to bonito of ioistL
Shuthld Floor lind Wills
Johztad Fk3or ,-,--,,',',-" ......... "'"
Wood Joined FIG<~ with ceding • . z : l m . J : . . . , H m J . , . d i m c t l y I t l [m:hed Io bottom ot I | I | I I | I I I I I I | I I I I I I I I I | I IUU
not d i ~ t | y i t u w ~ m d m b o t t o m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . ~]
of jOiSts. L
Qroum I Ill---~lel*'~ Ill ---- ~1~ I ~ l l~ . i~ l l~ l l l~ I J= , = = _ - - - -
- ~ ' T " ' F i re L. Nonstandard Doorl R. Standard
Unlxotactad Opening in wall
m a t f l , e e , ~ v . m e a ~ . r s l ~ meuW I # . ~ eeme
Figure A-5-.3.5 Examples of Symbols and Notat ions Used fo r
Fire Risk Analaysis (:ross Section.
Appendix B Referenced Publications
The following documents or portions thereof are referenced within this standard for informational purposes only and'thus are not considered part of the requirements of this document. The edition indicated for each reference is the current edition as of the date of the NFPA issuance of this document•
B-I NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, I Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.
NFPA 101-1988, Life Safety Code
B-2 Other Publications•
B-2.3 (For Chapter 3) (from former NFPA 171)
NFPA 170
B-2.3.1 ANSI Pub l lca t ions . American Nat ional Standards I n s t i t u t e , 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.
ANSI Z35• l - lg72, Spec i f i ca t ions fo r Accident Prevention Signs.
ANSI Z35.4-1973, Spec i f i ca t ions fo r Informat ional Signs Complementary to ANSI Z35.1-1972, Accident Prevention Signs•
B-2.3.2 Other Pub l lca t ions .
Co l l i ns , B. L., The Development and Evaluat ion of E f fec t i ve Symbol Signs. Natlonal Bureau of Standards, Bu i ld ing Science Series, BSS 141, May 1982.
Co l l i ns , B. L. , Use of Hazard Pic tor ia ls /Symbols in the Minerals Indust ry . National Bureau of Standards, NBSIR 83-2732, September 1983.
Co l l i ns , B. L. and Lerner, N. D., An Evaluat ion of Ex i t Symbol V i s i b i l i t y . National Bureau of-Standards, NBSIR 83-2675, March 1983.
Collins, B. L. and Lerner, N. D., "Assessment of Fire Safety Symbols." Human Factors, 1982, Vet. 24, pp. ?5-84.
Collins, B. L., Lerner, N. D. and Pierman, B. C., Symbols for Industrial Safety. National Bureau of Standards, NBSIR 82-2485, April 1982.
Collinsl B. L. and Pierman, B. C., Eval'uatlon of Safety Symbols. NBSIR 79-1760, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1979.
Dreyfuss, H., "Case Study: Symbols for Industrial Use" in G. Kepes (ed.) Sign, Image and Symbol, New York: George Brazi l ler , 1966, pp. 126-133.
Dreyfuss, H., Symbol Sourcebook, An Authoritative Guide to International Graphic Symbols. McGraw Hi l l , New York, 1972.
Easterby, R. S. and Swaga, H. I . G., "Evaluation of Public Information Symbols." ISO Tests: 1975 Series, AP Report 60, March 1976.
Freedman, M. and Berkowitz, M. S., Preliminary Report on Laboratory and Pi lot Field Testing: Testing Criter ia and Techniques of Evaluation for Passenger/Pedestrian Oriented Symbols for Use in Transportation Related Facil~tles. DOT-OS-60071. FIRL No. C4448, January 1977.
ISO 3461-1976(E), Graphic Symbols u General Principles for Presentation• Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 1976.
ISO 3864-1984, Safety Colors and Safety Signs. Geneva: International Organization for - Standardization. 1984-03-01.
Kolers, P. A., "Some Formal Characterlst.ics of Pictograms." American Scientist, Vol. 57, No. 3; 1969, pp. 348-363.
Mead, M. and Modley, R., "Communlcation'Among All People, Everywhere." Natural History, Vol. 77, No. 7, 1968, pp. 56-63.
Modley, R., "Graphic Symbols for World-Wide Communication," in G. Krepes (ed.) Sign, Image and Symbol, New York: George Brazi l ler, 1966,, pp. 108-125.
Modley, R. and Myers, W. R., Handbook of Pictorial Symbols• New York: Dover Publications, 1976.
B-2.4 (For Chapter 4) (from former NFPA 172)
Aetna Casualty and Life Company, "Plan Symbols," Hartford, CT, 1969.
American Inst i tute of Architects, "A J Working Drawings Handbook - Technical Study g," The Architects' Journal, May, 1977.
325
NFPA 170
American National Standards Inst i tute (ANSI Y32.2 - 1975), Canadian Standards Association (CSA zgg - 1975), Inst i tute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IEEE (315 - 1975), "Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams" (adopted for mandatory use October 31, 1975 by Department of Defense, United States of America).
American Telephone and Telegraph Company, "Firesafety • Symbols," Basking Ridge, N3.
Atwell, Vogel & Sterling, Inc., "NFPA Diagram Symbols," (Template), 1976.
Brit ish Standards Inst i tute, Graphical Symbols and Abbreviations For Fire Protection Drawings, B.S. 1635, London, England, 1970.
Brown & Root, Inc., "Firesafety Symbols," Houston, TX, lg78.
Canadian Standards Association, Bui ld ing Drawings, (F i rs t ) Draft C.S.A. B78.3-M, Rexdale, Ontario, Canada, 1977.
Construction Publishing Co., Inc. , "E lec t r ica l Estimating Handbook," 1975.
Dutch Standard N.E.N. 1413, The Netherlands, "Symbols for Protection Against Fire on Bui ld ing Drawings."
Factory Mutual Insurance Co., "Graphic Symbols," Norwood, HA.
Fred S. 3ames & Co., "Map Symbols," Chicago, IL.
Fremont, Ca l i fo rn ia Fire Department, "Fire Marshal's Off ice Standard Plan Symbols."
Grinnell Fire Protect ion Systems Company, Inc. , "Graphical Standards."
I l l i no i s Bell Telephone, "Fire Safety Symbols," Chicago, IL.
Improved Risk Mutuals, "Protection Symbols."
Industrial Risk Insurers, "The Insurance Plan," Hartford, CT, 1968.
Insurance Services Offices, "Standard Plan Symbols," Chicago, I t , 1956.
Internat ional Fire Service Training Association, "Fire Prevention and Inspection Practices," No. llO, Fot, r th Edition, Tulsa, OK.
International Electrotechnical Commission, Pub. 117-3, 1977, "Graphical Symbols."
International Standards Organization, ISO/DIS 40671/I, "Symbols for Plumbing, Heating, Venti lation and Ducting."
ISO/TC21/SC1/NI8, "Working Draft - Graphical Symbols for Fire Protection Plans."
ISO/TC21/SCI 30E, "Proposal for Graphic Symbols."
ISO/TC21/SCI/WGl - N27, "Graphical Symbols for Components of Automatic Fire Detection Systems."
Johnson Controls, Inc., "Abbreviations and Symbols," Milwaukee, WI.
Massachusetts Fire Alarms, Lowell, MA, "Fire Safety Symhuls."
Nashvi l le, Tennessee Metropoli tan Fire Dept., "Building Symbols."
National Automatic Sprinkler and Fire Control Association, Inc., "Symbol Standards."
National Fire Protection Association, National Fire Codes®, Vols. 1-11, March, 1979.
National Fire Protection Association, Fire Protection Handbook, Sixteenth Edit ion, 1987.
National Fire Protection Association, NFPA Inspection Manual, Fourth Edi t ion, Charles A. Tuck, Edi tor.
National E lec t r ica l Manufacturers Association, NEMA Standard Pub. No. SB 1.1, 1969, "Symbols for Signaling, Protection and Communications Equipment."
New Zealand Proposed Standard, NZS 5902, "Symbols for Bui lding Drawings," 1976.
Oklahoma State Universi ty, "OSU Safety Department Fire Alarm Symbols."
Phenlx Technology, Inc. , "Fi re Pre-Plannlng Symbols."
Pyrotronics, Inc. , Cedar Knolls, NJ, "Fire Alarm Symbols."
Salem, Massachusetts Fire Department, "Fire Alarm Symbols."
Signal Communications, Inc. , "Fire Alarm Symbols."
Swiss Standard, "Symbols for Fire Protection Plans," November, 1977.
Taft Fire Control D i s t r i c t , Taft , FL, "Standard Pref i re Plan Symbols."
Texas Eastman Company, Longvlew, TX, "Symbols For Fire Protection Drawings."
Universi ty of Maryland, "Firemens' Training Course," Section I I - Advanced, College Park, MD.
B-2.5 (For Chapter 5) (from former NFPA 174)
Aetna Casualty and Li fe Company, "Plan Symbols," Hartford, CT, 1969.
American Telephone and Telegraph, Proposed Bell System Practice 760-220-152, Bui lding Planning, Basking Ridge, NO, 1977.
Atwel l , Vogel and Ster l ing, Inc. , "NFPA Diagram Symbols" (Template), 1976.
Baltimore Fire Department, Manual of Procedure, "Pref l re Planning Sketches," Balt imore, MD, 1974.
Brand-Verhutdngs-Dienst, "Symbols for Fire Protection Plans," ZUrich, Switzerland, 1976.
Br i t i sh Standards I ns t i t u te , Graphic Symbols and Abbreviations for Fire Protection Drawings, B. S. 1635, London, England, 1970.
Brown and Root, Inc. , "Fi resafety Symbols," Houston, TX, 1978.
Canadian Standards Association, Building Drawings, (First) Draft C.S.A. B78.3-M, Rexdale, Ontario, Canada, t977.
Factory Mutual Engineering Association, Insurance Plan Manual, Norwood, MA, 1978.
Fred S. James, "Map Symbols," Chicago, IL.
Improved Risk Mutuals, Firemen's Manual, White Plains, NY.
"Standard Abbreviations, Symbols, and Colors for Use on Insurance Plans," White Plains, NY.
Industrial Risk Insurers, "Insurance Plan, The," Hartford, CT, 1968.
Insurance Services Office, "Standard Plan Symbols," Chicago, IL, 1956.
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NFPA 170
Insurers' Advisory Organization of Canada, "Standard Key of Signs," Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1977.
International Fire Service Training Association, Fire Prevention and Inspection Practices, Fourth Edition, Tulsa, OK.
Fire Problems in High Rise Buildings, Tulsa, OK.
Metropolitan Government" of Nashville and Davidson County, "Building Symbols," 1978.
National Fire Protection Association, Fire Protection Handbook, 16th Edition, Quincy, MA, 1986.
Inspection Manual, Fifth Edition, Quincy, MA, 1982.
National Fire Codese, Quincy, MA, 1986.
New Zealand Standard Association, "Building Drawing Practice - - Engineering Services Maintenance and Fire Control Drawings" (proposed Part V of N.Z.S. 5902), Wellington, New Zealand.
Santa Clara County, Procedures Manual, "F.M.O. Standard Plan Symbols," Santa Clara County, CA, 1973.
"Symbols for Protection Against Fire on Building Drawings," Dutch Standard N.E.N. 1413, Antwerp, Belgium, 1974.
Taft Fire Control Dist r ic t , "Standard Prefire Plan Symbols," Taft, FL.
"University of Maryland, Firemen's Trainlng Course (Section I I ) , College Park, MD.
B-Z.6 (For Chapter 6) (from former NFPA 178)
D-2.G.I ANSI Publications. American National Standards Inst i tute, 1430 Broadway, Now York, NY 10018.
ANSI Z35.1-1972, •Specifications for Accident Prevention Signs.
ANSI Z35.4-1973, Specifications for Informational Signs Complementary to ANSI Z35.1-1972, Accident prevention Signs.
B-2.6.2 Other Publications.
Collins, B. L. and Pierman, B. C., Evaluation of Safety Symbols, NBSIR 79-1760, U.S. Department of Con~erce, 1979.
Dreyfuss, H., Case Study: Symbols for Indus t r ia l Use in G. Kepes (ed.) Sign, Image and Symbol, New York: George B raz i l l e r , 1966, pp. 126-133.
DreyFuss, H., Symbol Sourcebook, An Author i ta t ive "Guide to International Graphic Symbols, McGraw Hi l l , New York, 1972.
Easterby~ R. S. and Zwaga, H. I . G., Evaluation of Public Information Symbols, ISO Tests: 1975 Series, AP Report 60, March 1976.
Freedman, M. and Berkowltz, M. S., Preliminary Report on Laboratory and p i lo t Field Testing: Testing Criter ia and Techniques of Evaluation for. Passenger/Pedestrian Oriented Symbols for Use in ' Transportation Related Faci l i t ies, DOT-OS-60O7I. FIRL No. C4448, 3anuary 1977.
ISO 3461-1976(E), Graphic symbols General principles for presentation. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 1976.
ISO/DIS 3864.3, Safety Colors and Safety Signs. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 1984-03-01.
Kolers, P~A., Some Formal Cha~acterlstics of Pictograms, American Scientist, 57, 3, 1969, pp. 348-363.
Mead; M. and Modley, R., Communication Among All People, Everywhere, Natural History, Vol. 77, No. 7, 1968, pp. 56-63.
Modley,. R., Graphic Symbols for World-Wide Communication, in'G; Kepes (ed~)'Sign, Image and Symbol, New York: George Brazi l ler , 1966; pp. 108-125.
Modley, R. and Myers, W. R., Handbook of Pictoral Symbols, New York: Dover Publications, 1976.
Appendix C Addit ional Explanatory Information on Chapters 3 through 6
This Appendix is not a part of the requirements of ~his NFPA document, but is included for information purposes only.
C-3 Addit ional Explanatory Information on Chapter 3.
C-3.1 Symbol Testing (formerly Appendix B of NFPA 171)
Two or more versions of a symbol were developed for the referents l i s ted in Chapter 3. The effectiveness of each of these symbols was evaluated by test ing the i r meanlngfulness (understandabi l i ty) with groups of d i f fe rent par t ic ipants. On the basis of these results, a symbol was selected for each referent. In some cases the symbols wereref ined graphical ly to incorporate modif ications suggested by the test resu l ts . Symbol development and refinement included the ef for ts of research psychologists, graphic designers, safety engineers, and f i r e professionals.
The l l f e safety symbols were tested in the course of several d i f fe ren t research projects during a 7-year period. These results are referenced in a series of publ icat ions by the National Bureau of'Standards. (See Appendix B-2.1.2.)
While a var ie ty of test ing procedures were used to assess understandabi l i ty, the basic method consisted of asking people e i ther to wr i te down short def in i t ions or to plck the correct de f in i t i on from a set of careful ly selected choices. In several studies, data on symbol preference and rated effectiveness also were obtained.
In these e f fo r ts , one set of part ic ipants consisted of 222 industr la l personnel and 78 students; another set consisted of 271 miners and mine personnel; and another set consisted of 94 paid volunteers. No major differences between par t ic ipant groups were observed for the symbols selected for Chapter 3 (formerly NFPA 171.)
In addit ion to the studies of understandabi l i ty, a detai led assessment was made of ex i t symbol v i s i b i l i t y . This study used a laboratory opt ical viewing system to present a set of ex i t symbols included in a much larger set (108) of safety and information symbols. Three viewing conditions that simulated smok~ were used (luminance of 0.085, 0.060, and 0.032 cd/m~). Forty-two part ic ipants were familiarized with a randomly selected set of exit symbols to identi fy the. separate effects of understandability and v i s i b i l i t y . The symbol given in Chapter 3 was that symbol which was identif ied correctly most frequently under a l l three viewing conditions. In addition, the ident i f icat ion data were v i r tua l l y the same whether partlclpants.had~'been familiarized with the symbol or not - - suggesting that the symbol has high i n i t i a l understandability. (This suggestion is reinforced by the high percentages oF correct ident i f icat ion found in those studies that evaluated understandability.)
The results of the v i s i b i l i t y testing program are important because an exi t symbol must be both well understood and vis ible when under degraded viewing conditions (such as smoke).
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The goal of the overall testing program was to identify versions or elements of symbols for the selected referents that appeared to be most effective in communicating the intended message. I t is recognized that further education and/or supplemantal word messages may be useful il l optimizing the effectiveness of these symbols wlth the general public. Nevertheless, the symbols selected have demonstrated good i n i t i a l understandabil ity. Symbols for the referents generally showed good understandabillty (better than 85 percent correct ident i f icat ion). Symbols that presented some umlerstandabillty problems included "No Exit" and "Fire
Alarm Call Point.'* The examples shown herein, however, represent the imagery that was best understood. I t is hoped that use'of these images wi l l strengthen public recognition.
I t also should be noted that the symbol for handicapped accessibi l i ty was not tested in this program. I t is, however, in an existing ANSI standard (Al17.1) and has achieved wide use and good recognition.
C-4 Additional Explanatory Information on Chapter 4.
C-4.1 Symbol Selection Procedure (formerly Appendix B of NFPA 172.)
(New) Symbol
Yes
Reject
Proposed [ Referent
No - f Reject - \ J
~. ~ Yes
Add Further / Definition /~ (Possible / -
Tests) /
No
Yes
Yes
with design J ~
_ I Proposed Standard
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. NFPA 170
C-4.2 Discussion of Basic Symbols ( formerly Appendix C of NFPA 172.)
C-4.2.1 Inev l tab ly , when a new standard is introduced to a f i e l d in which standardized symbols are not' establlshed and everyone is act ing independently, ~ontroversy looms over the e f f o r t as to which (whose) alleged "standard"'should be used~ Such controversy can only be met with a . ra t iona l log lc for meeting the standardizat ion task. : Such log ic was used in . developing Chapter:4 ( formerly NFPA 172.) '
C-4.2.Z This symbology e f f o r t u l t imate] ~ employed the fo l lowing steps:
(ai Iden t i f y problem. Is a standard for f i r e protect ion symbols needed?
(b) Ident i fy referents. What devices should be Symbolized? Consider a p p l i c a b i l i t y to f i r e protect ion and frequency o f use: ..
I c) Ident l fy. symbols' a v a i l a b i l i t y . What symbols ex st , and'how wide ly 'are they used for f i r e protect ion and other d isc ip l lnes?
id) Develop a system'of symbols select ion. Can a system be i den t i f i ed so that referents and symbols can be rat ional1 ~ selected or developed? (See Appendix C-4.1.)
(e) Can a scheme of basic shape s be u t i l i z e d in developlng symbol sets for categories of referents?
( f ) Adhere to the scheme. 'Hake exceptions only Where an overwhelming level of usage makes changes unreasonable. ~ , ,
C-a.Z.3 To accomplish step C-4,2.2(e),. two factors were'considered:" There is v e r y ' l l t t l e agreement On symbols throughout North America. For the most part , various inddsEry segments disagree on'symbo]s.and even
on basic shapes. Secondly, the Internat ional Standards Organization ( I .S.O.) committee on f i r e protect ion symbols for use on drawings completed most'of i t s work on th is subject ~efore 1980 and proposed a set of basic symbol shapes.
C-4.2.4 With the tWO foregoing consideratioqs, the NFPA Committee on Firesafety Symbols was able t o develop a set of basic shapes for symbols to he used on f i r e protect ion drawings. The fo l lowing basic shapes were selected by a marriage of the I.S.O. proposed basic shapes and, where ex i s ten t , ' t he North American ~ommon Rractice. Thus, the co l lec t lon of shapes (menu) represents'a compromise wi th the sole majo ~ object ive of developin~ a symbols standard aimed at a common language to improve future communication among users of f i r e ' p ro tec t i on drawings worldwide. *
C-4.2.5 The co l lec t ion of basic shapes in Table C-4.2 is broken down into a major c lass i f lcat ioh."of symbol elements and a supplementary set of symbol elements that maybeused slngly or in combination with other symbol elements. These bas i l symbol shapes and re ]a t lve s lzes 'are not exclusive of a l l the shapes and sizes that were used in developing Chapter 4 (formerly NFPA 172.) They are a guide that was used in deyeloplng the fam!ly scheme.
I t is recognized that Chapter 4 ( formerly NFPA 172) does not incTude a l l the f l resa fe ty symbols that may be required on arch l tectura l and'englneerlng drawings. Table C-4.2, Basic Symbol Shapes aqd Relative Sizes, may therefore be used as a basis fo r future development of Chapter 4 or for the design of special ized symbols by the draftsperson.
Symbol elements have de f i n i t e meanings, and therefore should always Ee represented at the same re la t l ve size when used in d i f f e ren t symbols.
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NFPA 170
Table C-4.2 Basic Symbol Shapes and Re la t ive Sizes
General Referent Shape Relative Size* Comments
Automatically Actu- ating Systems
Manually Actuating Systems
Portable Fire Extin- guisher
Fire Fighting Equip- ment
Water system Components
MAJOR ELEMENTS
O %2" dia.
[ '7 %2" square
A ~6" sides
O
Foam Agent @ []
Dry Chemical Agent A
Gaseous Agent
Nozzle 7
Pressure Notation
Switch (Electrical) or • Contact
Valve
Check Valve N
Tamper Detector
Heat Detector
¼" sides
SUPPLEMENTARY ELEMENTS
%~" dia.
~e" dia.
%~" square
" sides
0.075" dia.
%~" high
¼" high (with arrow)
%2"-dia.
0.05" dia.
Supplementary element is used to further describe the ex- tinguisher
Supplementary element is used to describe a specific device
Shading of this element in- dicates a wet device
Flow Detector %2" square
*Relative is emphasized, since it is not the intent here to specify ac- tual dimensions. For comparisons this column gives the sizes at which the symbols are presented here.
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NFPA 170
C-5 Additional Explanatory Information on Chapter 5.
C-5.1 Use of Color Coding (formerly Appendix C of NFPA 174.)
C-5.1.1 General. Frequently, the use of color coding indicating building construction is desirable and can be just i f ied. Where used, color coding should be in conformity with this Appendix to maximize conmlunication. Wilen color coding is not used i t is necessary to rely on printed detai l .
0
C-5.1.2 Table C-5.1 presents the recommended system for color coding.
Table C-5.1 Color Coding of Construction Types
Construction Type I Color
Fire Resistive (Type I) Noncombustible/Limited
Combustible (Type I I) Ileavy Timber and Ordinary
(Type I I I and IV) Wood Frame (Type V)
Light Brown Gray (Brown Border i f Masonry Walls) Pink
Yellow
1 See NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction
C-5.2 Metric Conversion Factors (formerly Appendix D of NFPA 174.)
Table D Metric Conversion Factors
Name of Unit
Liter Cubic Decimeter Pascal Meter Millimeter
Unit Symbol Conversion Factor
~m 3 I gal = 3.785 ~m 3 I gal 3.785
Pa I psi = 6894.757 Pa m I f t = .3048 m mm I in. = 25.4 mm
C-5.3 Symbol Select lon Procedure ( former ly Appendix E of NFPA 174.) See Appendix C-4.1.
C-5.4 Discusslon of Symbol Shapes and Sizes ( formerly Appendix F of NFPA 174.)
C-5.4.1 I nev i t ab l y , when a new standard is introduced to a f i e l d in which standardized symbols are not estab l ished and everyone is ac t ing independently, controversy looms over the e f f o r t as to which (whose) "standard" should be used. One way to face such controversy is to es tab l i sh a l og i ca l system of standardization. Such a system was used in developing Chapter 5 (formerly NFPA 174.)
C-5.4.2 The symbology effort ultimately employed the following steps:
(a) Identify problem. Is a standard for f i re protection symbols needed?
(b) Identify referents. What devices should be symbolized? Consider appl icabi l i ty to f i re protection and frequency of use.
(c) Identify symbols' avai labi l i ty . What symbols exist, and how widely are they used for f i re protection and other disciplines?
(d) Develop a system of symbols selection. Can a system be identified so that referents and~symbols can be rationally selected or developed? (See Appendix C-5.3.)
(e) Avoid conflicts. Are there other practices and/or standards with which the proposed standard might be in conflict?
(f) Select logical symbol groups. Can a scheme of shapes be uti l ized in developing symbol sets for categories of referents?
(g) Adhere to the scheme. Make exceptions only where ~n overwhelming level of usage makes changes unreasonable.
C-5.4.3 The NFPA Committee on Firesafety Symbols was able to identify a set of shapes for symbols to be used on f i re protection drawings and diagrams. The following shapes were selected through a reconciliation of the symbols presented in Chapter 4 (formerly NFPA 172), Standard Fire Protection Symbols for Architectural and Engineering Drawings, (the general shapes being drafted by the International Standards Organization) and, where existent, the common practice in the U.S. Thus, the family of shapes represents a compromise, with the major objective of developlr~g a common language to improve future communication among users of f i re protection diagrams worldwide.
331
NFPA ] 70
Table C-5.4 Symbol Shapes and Sizes
General Referent Shape Relative Size ~ Comments
Automatically Actuating (-~ 5/32" dia. Systems
Manually Actuating [ ] 5/32" square Systems
Water System C~ 3/32" dia. Components
Dry Chemical Agent [] 3/32" square
Gaseous Agent /~ I/8" base
Nozzle
Pressure Notation
Detection, Ex- tinguishment
Manual Alarm System.
General shape, a circle
Used on pipe or other sym- bol
Used with another symbol shape, such as a detector or a tank
C-6 Additional Explanatory Information on Chapter 6.
C-6.1 Symbol Testing (formerly Appendix B of NFPA 178.)
At least two versions of a symbol were developed for each of referents 1 through 6, l isted in Chapter 6 (referents 7 through 10 discussed below). Subsequently, the effectiveness of the symbols was evaluated by testing their meaningfulness to groups of f i re professionals (procedures outlined below). On the basis of the test results, a symbol was selected for each referent. This set of symbols was further refined graphically, incorporating modifications suggested by tile test results. Symbol development and refinement, through the NFPA Subcommittee on Visual Alerting Symbols, included the efforts of f i re professionals, graphic art ists and designers, research psychologists, aild safety engineers.
Symbols for referents 7 through 10 were adapted from ISO/TC21/SCi. The f i re extinguisher symbol (8) was included in the test procedure. Although the standpipe outlet symbol (7) was not tested in isolation, i t was incorporated as an element in two of the tested symbols (2 and 3).
Participants in the test program included f i re professionals attending a national convention or local (Maryland) training classes (total of 86 participants). The test procedure involved two phases. In the f i r s t phase, the participants were showt~ one symbol at a time (in slide form) and were asked to write down a short definit ion of what they thought each symbol meant. In the second phase, two symbulic versions of each referent were shown together, and their intended meaning was provided; the participants indicated which version ( i f either) of each pair they fe l t better conveyed the meaning. They also were asked to give the reason for their preference and were free to offer any suggestions for improvement.
The goal of the testing program was to identify versions or elements of symbols for the selected referents that were most effective. I t is recognized that education may be required to optimize the effectiveness of the symbols for f i re fighters. Nevertheless, i t is important to select symbols that i n i t i a l l y are meaningful. Symbols for seven of the nine referents tested showed good recognizability (85 - 100%) and no serious confusion with other possible meanings. However, for two referents--wall hydrant and gas control valve--recognition was poor and confusion was common for both symbolic versions of each message. Therefore, no symbol for these two referents is presented in this standard. Graphic improvements and alternative conceptions are being sought.
C-6.2 Symbol Selection Procedure (formerly Appendix C of NFPA 178.) See Appendix C-4.1
C-6.3 Discussion of Symbol Shapes and Sizes (formerly Appendix D of NFPA 178.)
C-6.3.1 Inevitably, when a new standard is introduced to a f ield in which standardized symbols are not established and everyone is to a degree "doing his or her own thing," controversy looms over the effort as to which (whose) alleged "standard" should be used. One way to face such controversy is to establish a rationale or logic for meeting the standardization task. Such logic was used in developing Chapter (formerly NFPA 178.)
C-6.3.2 This symbology effort ultimately employed the following steps:
(a) Identify problem. Is a standard for f i re protection symbols needed?
(b) Identify referents. What devices should be symbolized? Consider appl icabi l i ty to f i re protection and frequency of use.
(c) Identify symbols avai labi l i ty . What symbols exist, and how widely are they used for f i re protection and other disciplines?
(d) Develop a system of symbols selection. Can a system be identified so that referents and symbols can be rationally selected or developed? (See Appendix C-6.2. )
(e) Avoid conflicts. Are there other practices and/or standards with which the proposed standard might be in conflict?
(f) Can a scheme of shapes be uti l ized in developing symbol sets for categories of referents?
(g) Adhere to the scheme. Make exceptions only where an overwhelming level of usage makes changes unreasonable.
C-6.3.3 The NFPA Committee on Firesafety Symbols was able to identify a set of shapes for symbols to be used to direct responding f i re fighters.
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