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Reference Tables 24 FEB 2006
Reference Tables
ALTIMETER SETTING
SETTING AT AIRPORT IN THE AIR
QNE (Standard) 29.92 in. Hg. — 1013.25 hPa— 1013.25 mb
Variable elevation reading above or belowactual elevation
Positive separation by pressure level but at varyingactual altitudes
QNH (Sea Level) Actual elevation reading when aircraft onground
Altitude indicated (without consideraton oftemperature)
QFE (Station) Zero elevation reading when aircraft onground
Height above ground indicated (without consideration oftemperature)
PHONETIC ALPHABET AND MORSE CODE
METRIC MULTIPLES AND SUB-MULTIPLES
Multiplying Factor Prefix Symbol Examples
1 000 000 000 000 = 1012 terra T
1 000 000 000 = 109 giga G
1 000 000 = 106 mega M megahertz, etc.
1 000 =103 kilo k kilogram, kilometer, etc.
100=102 hecto h
10=101 deka da
1 meter, gram, liter, etc.
Multiplying Factor Prefix Symbol Examples
0.1=10-1 deci d
0.01=10-2 centi c
0.001=10-3 milli m milligram, millimeter, etc.
0.000 001=10-6 micro µ
0.000 000 001=10-9 nano n
0.000 000 000 001=10-12 pico p
WIND COMPONENT TABLES
ANGLE BETWEEN WIND DIRECTION AND HEADING (LEFT OR RIGHT)
WIND SPEED KNOTS 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
HEADWIND COMPONENT
5 -5 -5 -4 -4 -3 -3 -2 -1
10 -10 -9 -9 -8 -6 -5 -3 -2
15 -15 -14 -13 -11 -10 -8 -5 -3
20 -20 -19 -17 -15 -13 -10 -7 -3
25 -25 -23 -22 -19 -16 -13 -9 -4
30 -29 -28 -26 -23 -19 -15 -10 -5
35 -34 -33 -30 -27 -22 -18 -12 -6
40 -39 -38 -35 -31 -26 -20 -14 -7
45 -44 -42 -39 -34 -29 -23 -15 -8
50 -49 -47 -43 -38 -32 -25 -17 -9
55 -54 -52 -48 -42 -35 -28 -19 -9
60 -59 -56 -52 -46 -39 -30 -21 -10
65 -64 -61 -56 -50 -42 -33 -22 -11
70 -69 -66 -61 -54 -45 -35 -24 -12
ANGLE BETWEEN WIND DIRECTION AND HEADING (LEFT OR RIGHT)
WIND SPEED KNOTS 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
CROSSWIND COMPONENT
5 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 5
10 2 3 5 6 8 9 9 10
15 3 5 8 10 11 13 14 15
20 3 7 10 13 15 17 19 20
25 4 9 13 16 19 22 23 25
30 5 10 15 19 23 26 28 29
35 6 12 18 22 27 30 33 34
40 7 14 20 26 31 35 38 39
ANGLE BETWEEN WIND DIRECTION AND HEADING (LEFT OR RIGHT)
WIND SPEED KNOTS 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
CROSSWIND COMPONENT
45 8 15 23 29 34 39 42 44
50 9 17 25 32 38 43 47 49
55 9 19 28 35 42 48 52 54
60 10 21 30 39 46 52 56 59
65 11 22 33 42 50 56 61 64
70 12 24 35 45 54 61 66 69
ANGLE BETWEEN WIND DIRECTION AND HEADING (LEFT OR RIGHT)
WIND SPEEDKNOTS
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
TAILWIND COMPONENT
5 +1 +2 +3 +3 +4 +4 +5 +5
10 +2 +3 +5 +6 +8 +9 +9 +10
15 +3 +5 +8 +10 +11 +13 +14 +15
20 +3 +7 +10 +13 +15 +17 +19 +20
25 +4 +9 +13 +16 +19 +22 +23 +25
30 +5 +10 +15 +19 +23 +26 +28 +29
35 +6 +12 +18 +22 +27 +30 +33 +34
40 +7 +14 +20 +26 +31 +35 +38 +39
45 +8 +15 +23 +29 +34 +39 +42 +44
50 +9 +17 +25 +32 +38 +43 +47 +49
55 +9 +19 +28 +35 +42 +48 +52 +54
60 +10 +21 +30 +39 +46 +52 +56 +59
65 +11 +22 +33 +42 +50 +56 +61 +64
70 +12 +24 +35 +45 +54 +61 +66 +69
PRESSURE ALTITUDE
Inches ofMercury .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
21.00 9475 9462 9450 9438 9425 9413 9401 9388 9376 9364
21.10 9352 9339 9327 9315 9303 9290 9278 9266 9254 9241
21.20 9229 9217 9205 9192 9180 9168 9156 9144 9131 9119
21.30 9107 9095 9083 9071 9058 9046 9034 9022 9010 8998
21.40 8986 8973 8961 8949 8937 8925 8913 8901 8889 8877
21.50 8864 8852 8840 8828 8816 8804 8792 8780 8768 8756
21.60 8744 8732 8720 8708 8696 8684 8672 8660 8648 8636
Inches ofMercury .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
21.70 8624 8612 8600 8588 8576 8564 8552 8540 8528 8516
21.80 8504 8492 8480 8468 8456 8444 8432 8420 8408 8397
21.90 8385 8373 8361 8349 8337 8325 8313 8301 8290 8278
22.00 8266 8254 8242 8230 8218 8207 8195 8183 8171 8159
22.10 8147 8136 8124 8112 8100 8088 8077 8065 8053 8041
22.20 8029 8018 8006 7994 7982 7971 7959 7947 7935 7924
22.30 7912 7900 7888 7877 7865 7853 7841 7830 7918 7806
22.40 7795 7783 7771 7760 7748 7736 7725 7713 7701 7690
22.50 7678 7666 7655 7643 7631 7620 7608 7597 7585 7573
22.60 7562 7550 7538 7527 7515 7504 7492 7481 7469 7457
22.70 7446 7434 7423 7411 7400 7388 7377 7365 7353 7342
22.80 7330 7319 7307 7296 7284 7273 7261 7250 7238 7227
22.90 7215 7204 7192 7181 7169 7158 7146 7135 7124 7112
23.00 7101 7089 7078 7066 7055 7044 7032 7021 7009 6998
23.10 6986 6975 6964 6952 6941 6929 6918 6907 6895 6884
23.20 6873 6861 6850 6839 6827 6816 6804 6793 6782 6770
23.30 6759 6748 6737 6725 6714 6703 6691 6680 6669 6657
23.40 6646 6635 6624 6612 6601 6590 6578 6567 6556 6545
23.50 6533 6522 6511 6500 6488 6477 6466 6455 6444 6432
23.60 6421 6410 6399 6388 6376 6365 6354 6343 6332 6320
23.70 6309 6298 6287 6276 6265 6253 6242 6231 6220 6209
23.80 6198 6187 6176 6164 6153 6142 6131 6120 6109 6098
23.90 6087 6076 6064 6053 6042 6031 6020 6009 5998 5987
24.00 5976 5965 5954 5943 5932 5921 5910 5899 5888 5877
24.10 5866 5855 5844 5832 5821 5810 5799 5788 5777 5767
24.20 5756 5745 5734 5723 5712 5701 5690 5679 5668 5657
24.30 5646 5635 5624 5613 5602 5591 5580 5569 5558 5548
24.40 5537 5526 5515 5504 5493 5482 5471 5460 5449 5439
24.50 5428 5417 5406 5395 5384 5373 5363 5352 5341 5330
24.60 5319 5308 5297 5287 5276 5265 5254 5243 5233 5222
24.70 5211 5200 5189 5179 5168 5157 5146 5135 5125 5114
24.80 5103 5092 5082 5071 5060 5049 5039 5028 5017 5006
24.90 4996 4985 4974 4963 4953 4942 4931 4921 4910 4899
25.00 4888 4878 4867 4856 4846 4835 4824 4814 4803 4792
25.10 4782 4771 4760 4750 4739 4728 4718 4707 4696 4686
25.20 4675 4665 4654 4643 4633 4622 4612 4601 4590 4580
Inches ofMercury .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
25.30 4569 4559 4548 4537 4527 4516 4506 4495 4484 4474
25.40 4463 4453 4442 4432 4421 4411 4400 4390 4379 4368
25.50 4358 4347 4337 4326 4316 4305 4295 4284 4274 4263
25.60 4253 4242 4232 4221 4211 4200 4190 4179 4169 4159
25.70 4148 4138 4127 4117 4106 4096 4085 4075 4064 4054
25.80 4044 4033 4023 4012 4002 3992 3981 3971 3960 3950
25.90 3939 3929 3919 3908 3898 3888 3877 3867 3856 3846
26.00 3836 3825 3815 3805 3794 3784 3774 3763 3753 3743
26.10 3732 3722 3712 3701 3691 3681 3670 3660 3650 3639
26.20 3629 3619 3609 3598 3588 3578 3567 3557 3547 3537
26.30 3526 3516 3506 3495 3485 3475 3465 3454 3444 3434
26.40 3424 3414 3403 3393 3383 3373 3362 3352 3342 3332
26.50 3322 3311 3301 3291 3281 3271 3260 3250 3240 3230
26.60 3220 3210 3199 3189 3179 3169 3159 3149 3138 3128
26.70 3118 3108 3098 3088 3078 3067 3057 3047 3037 3027
26.80 3017 3007 2997 2987 2976 2966 2956 2946 2936 2926
26.90 2916 2906 2896 2886 2876 2866 2855 2845 2835 2825
27.00 2815 2805 2795 2785 2775 2765 2755 2745 2735 2725
27.10 2715 2705 2695 2685 2675 2665 2655 2645 2635 2625
27.20 2615 2605 2595 2585 2575 2565 2555 2545 2535 2525
27.30 2515 2505 2495 2485 2475 2465 2455 2445 2435 2426
27.40 2416 2406 2396 2386 2376 2366 2356 2346 2336 2326
27.50 2316 2307 2297 2287 2277 2267 2257 2247 2237 2227
27.60 2218 2208 2198 2188 2178 2168 2158 2149 2139 2129
27.70 2119 2109 2099 2089 2080 2070 2060 2050 2040 2030
27.80 2021 2011 2001 1991 1981 1972 1962 1952 1942 1932
27.90 1923 1913 1903 1893 1884 1874 1864 1854 1844 1835
28.00 1825 1815 1805 1796 1786 1776 1766 1757 1747 1737
28.10 1727 1718 1708 1698 1689 1679 1669 1659 1650 1640
28.20 1630 1621 1611 1601 1592 1582 1572 1562 1553 1543
28.30 1533 1524 1514 1504 1495 1485 1475 1466 1456 1446
28.40 1437 1427 1417 1408 1398 1389 1379 1369 1360 1350
28.50 1340 1331 1321 1312 1302 1292 1283 1273 1264 1254
28.60 1244 1235 1225 1216 1206 1196 1187 1177 1168 1158
28.70 1149 1139 1129 1120 1110 1101 1091 1082 1072 1063
28.80 1053 1044 1034 1024 1015 1005 996 986 977 967
Inches ofMercury .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
28.90 958 948 939 929 920 910 901 891 882 872
29.00 863 853 844 834 825 815 806 796 787 778
29.10 768 759 749 740 730 721 711 702 693 683
29.20 674 664 655 645 636 627 617 608 598 589
29.30 579 570 561 551 542 532 523 514 504 495
29.40 486 476 467 457 448 439 429 420 411 401
29.50 392 382 373 364 354 345 336 326 317 308
29.60 298 289 280 270 261 252 242 233 224 215
29.70 205 196 187 177 168 159 149 140 131 122
29.80 112 103 94 84 75 66 57 47 38 29
29.90 20 10 1 -8 -17 -27 -36 -45 -54 -64
30.00 -73 -82 -91 -100 -110 -119 -128 -137 -147 -156
30.10 -165 -174 -183 -193 -202 -211 -220 -229 -238 -248
30.20 -257 -266 -275 -284 -294 -303 -312 -321 -330 -339
30.30 -348 -358 -367 -376 -385 -394 -403 -413 -422 -431
30.40 -440 -449 -458 -467 -476 -486 -495 -504 -513 -522
30.50 -531 -540 -549 -558 -568 -577 -586 -595 -604 -613
30.60 -622 -631 -640 -649 -658 -667 -676 -686 -695 -704
30.70 -713 -722 -731 -740 -749 -758 -767 -776 -785 -794
30.80 -803 -812 -821 -830 -839 -848 -857 -866 -875 -884
30.90 -893 -902 -911 -920 -929 -938 -947 -956 -965 -974
31.00 -983 -992 -1001 -1010 -1019 -1028 -1037 -1046 -1055 -1064
INCHES TO HECTOPASCALS (OR MILLIBARS)
1 inch of mercury = 33.863 hectopascals = 33.863 millibars
Inches ofMercury
.00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
HECTOPASCALS (or MILLIBARS)
21.0 711.1 711.5 711.8 712.2 712.5 712.8 713.2 713.5 713.9 714.2
21.1 714.5 714.9 715.2 715.5 715.9 716.2 716.6 716.9 717.2 717.6
21.2 717.9 718.3 718.6 718.9 719.3 719.6 719.9 720.3 720.6 721.0
21.3 721.3 721.6 722.0 722.3 722.7 723.0 723.3 723.7 724.0 724.3
21.4 724.7 725.0 725.4 725.7 726.0 726.4 726.7 727.1 727.4 727.7
21.5 728.1 728.4 728.8 729.1 729.4 729.8 730.1 730.4 730.8 731.1
21.6 731.5 731.8 732.1 732.5 732.8 733.2 733.5 733.8 734.2 734.5
21.7 734.8 735.2 735.5 735.9 736.2 736.5 736.9 737.2 737.6 737.9
21.8 738.2 738.6 738.9 739.2 739.6 739.9 740.3 740.6 740.9 741.3
1 inch of mercury = 33.863 hectopascals = 33.863 millibars
Inches ofMercury
.00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
HECTOPASCALS (or MILLIBARS)
21.9 741.6 742.0 742.3 742.6 743.0 743.3 743.7 744.0 744.3 744.7
22.0 745.0 745.3 745.7 746.0 746.4 746.7 747.0 747.4 747.7 748.1
22.1 748.4 748.7 749.1 749.4 749.7 750.1 750.4 750.8 751.1 751.4
22.2 751.8 752.1 752.5 752.8 753.1 753.5 753.8 754.2 754.5 754.8
22.3 755.2 755.5 755.8 756.2 756.5 756.9 757.2 757.5 757.9 758.2
22.4 758.6 758.9 759.2 759.6 759.9 760.2 760.6 760.9 761.3 761.6
22.5 761.9 762.3 762.6 763.0 763.3 763.6 764.0 764.3 764.6 765.0
22.6 765.3 765.7 766.0 766.3 766.7 767.0 767.4 767.7 768.0 768.4
22.7 768.7 769.1 769.4 769.7 770.1 770.4 770.7 771.1 771.4 771.8
22.8 772.1 772.4 772.8 773.1 773.5 773.8 774.1 774.5 774.8 775.1
22.9 775.5 775.8 776.2 776.5 776.8 777.2 777.5 777.9 778.2 778.5
23.0 778.9 779.2 779.5 779.9 780.2 780.6 780.9 781.2 781.6 781.9
23.1 782.3 782.6 782.9 783.3 783.6 784.0 784.3 784.6 785.0 785.3
23.2 785.6 786.0 786.3 786.7 787.0 787.3 787.7 788.0 788.4 788.7
23.3 789.0 789.4 789.7 790.0 790.4 790.7 791.1 791.4 791.7 792.1
23.4 792.4 792.8 793.1 793.4 793.8 794.1 794.4 794.8 795.1 795.5
23.5 795.8 796.1 796.5 796.8 797.2 797.5 797.8 798.2 798.5 798.9
23.6 799.2 799.5 799.9 800.2 800.5 800.9 801.2 801.6 801.9 802.2
23.7 802.6 802.9 803.3 803.6 803.9 804.3 804.6 804.9 805.3 805.6
23.8 806.0 806.3 806.6 807.0 807.3 807.7 808.0 808.3 808.7 809.0
23.9 809.3 809.7 810.0 810.4 810.7 811.0 811.4 811.7 812.1 812.4
24.0 812.7 813.1 813.4 813.8 814.1 814.4 814.8 815.1 815.4 815.8
24.1 816.1 816.5 816.8 817.1 817.5 817.8 818.2 818.5 818.8 819.2
24.2 819.5 819.8 820.2 820.5 820.9 821.2 821.5 821.9 822.2 822.6
24.3 822.9 823.2 823.6 823.9 824.2 824.6 824.9 825.3 825.6 825.9
24.4 826.3 826.6 827.0 827.3 827.6 828.0 828.3 828.7 829.0 829.3
24.5 829.7 830.0 830.3 830.7 831.0 831.4 831.7 832.0 832.4 832.7
24.6 833.1 833.4 833.7 834.1 834.4 834.7 835.1 835.4 835.8 836.1
24.7 836.4 836.8 837.1 837.5 837.8 838.1 838.5 838.8 839.1 839.5
24.8 839.8 840.2 840.5 840.8 841.2 841.5 841.9 842.2 842.5 842.9
24.9 843.2 843.6 843.9 844.2 844.6 844.9 845.2 845.6 845.9 846.3
25.0 846.6 846.9 847.3 847.6 848.0 848.3 848.6 849.0 849.3 849.6
25.1 850.0 850.3 850.7 851.0 851.3 851.7 852.0 852.4 852.7 853.0
25.2 853.4 853.7 854.0 854.4 854.7 855.1 855.4 855.7 856.1 856.4
1 inch of mercury = 33.863 hectopascals = 33.863 millibars
Inches ofMercury
.00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
HECTOPASCALS (or MILLIBARS)
25.3 856.8 857.1 857.4 857.8 858.1 858.5 858.8 859.1 859.5 859.8
25.4 860.1 860.5 860.8 861.2 861.5 861.8 862.2 862.5 862.9 863.2
25.5 863.5 863.9 864.2 864.5 864.9 865.2 865.6 865.9 866.2 866.6
25.6 866.9 867.3 867.6 867.9 868.3 868.6 868.9 869.3 869.6 870.0
25.7 870.3 870.6 871.0 871.3 871.7 872.0 872.3 872.7 873.0 873.4
25.8 873.7 874.0 874.4 874.7 875.0 875.4 875.7 876.1 876.4 876.7
25.9 877.1 877.4 877.8 878.1 878.4 878.8 879.1 879.4 879.8 880.1
26.0 880.5 880.8 881.1 881.5 881.8 882.2 882.5 882.8 883.2 883.5
26.1 883.8 884.2 884.5 884.9 885.2 885.5 885.9 886.2 886.6 886.9
26.2 887.2 887.6 887.9 888.3 888.6 888.9 889.3 889.6 889.9 890.3
26.3 890.6 891.0 891.3 891.6 892.0 892.3 892.7 893.0 893.3 893.7
26.4 894.0 894.3 894.7 895.0 895.4 895.7 896.0 896.4 896.7 897.1
26.5 897.4 897.7 898.1 898.4 898.7 899.1 899.4 899.8 900.1 900.4
26.6 900.8 901.1 901.5 901.8 902.1 902.5 902.8 903.2 903.5 903.8
26.7 904.2 904.5 904.8 905.2 905.5 905.9 906.2 906.5 906.9 907.2
26.8 907.6 907.9 908.2 908.6 908.9 909.2 909.6 909.9 910.3 910.6
26.9 910.9 911.3 911.6 912.0 912.3 912.6 913.0 913.3 913.6 914.0
27.0 914.3 914.7 915.0 915.3 915.7 916.0 916.4 916.7 917.0 917.4
27.1 917.7 918.1 918.4 918.7 919.1 919.4 919.7 920.1 920.4 920.8
27.2 921.1 921.4 921.8 922.1 922.5 922.8 923.1 923.5 923.8 924.1
27.3 924.5 924.8 925.2 925.5 925.8 926.2 926.5 926.9 927.2 927.5
27.4 927.9 928.2 928.5 928.9 929.2 929.6 929.9 930.2 930.6 930.9
27.5 931.3 931.6 931.9 932.3 932.6 933.0 933.3 933.6 934.0 934.3
27.6 934.6 935.0 935.3 935.7 936.0 936.3 936.7 937.0 937.4 937.7
27.7 938.0 938.4 938.7 939.0 939.4 939.7 940.1 940.4 940.7 941.1
27.8 941.4 941.8 942.1 942.4 842.8 943.1 943.4 943.8 944.1 944.5
27.9 944.8 945.1 945.5 945.8 946.2 946.5 946.8 947.2 947.5 947.9
28.0 948.2 948.5 948.9 949.2 949.5 949.9 950.2 950.6 950.9 951.2
28.1 951.6 951.9 952.3 952.6 952.9 953.3 953.6 953.9 954.3 954.6
28.2 955.0 955.3 955.6 956.0 956.3 956.7 957.0 957.3 957.7 958.0
28.3 958.3 958.7 959.0 959.4 959.7 960.0 960.4 960.7 961.1 961.4
28.4 961.7 962.1 962.4 962.8 963.1 963.4 963.8 964.1 964.4 964.8
28.5 965.1 965.5 965.8 966.1 966.5 966.8 967.2 967.5 967.8 968.2
28.6 968.5 968.8 969.2 969.5 969.9 970.2 970.5 970.9 971.2 971.6
1 inch of mercury = 33.863 hectopascals = 33.863 millibars
Inches ofMercury
.00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
HECTOPASCALS (or MILLIBARS)
28.7 971.9 972.2 972.6 972.9 973.2 973.6 973.9 974.3 974.6 974.9
28.8 975.3 975.6 976.0 976.3 976.6 977.0 977.3 977.7 978.0 978.3
28.9 978.7 979.0 979.3 979.7 980.0 980.4 980.7 981.0 981.4 981.7
29.0 982.1 982.4 982.7 983.1 983.4 983.7 984.1 984.4 984.8 985.1
29.1 985.4 985.8 986.1 986.5 986.8 987.1 987.5 987.8 988.2 988.5
29.2 988.8 989.2 989.5 989.8 990.2 990.5 990.9 991.2 991.5 991.9
29.3 992.2 992.6 992.9 993.2 993.6 993.9 994.2 994.6 994.9 995.3
29.4 995.6 995.9 996.3 996.6 997.0 997.3 997.6 998.0 998.3 998.6
29.5 999.0 999.3 999.7 1000.0 1000.4 1000.7 1001.0 1001.4 1001.7 1002.0
29.6 1002.4 1002.7 1003.1 1003.4 1003.7 1004.1 1004.4 1004.7 1005.1 1005.4
29.7 1005.8 1006.1 1006.4 1006.8 1007.1 1007.5 1007.8 1008.1 1008.5 1008.8
29.8 1009.1 1009.5 1009.8 1010.2 1010.5 1010.8 1011.2 1011.5 1011.9 1012.2
29.9 1012.5 1012.9 1013.2 1013.5 1013.9 1014.2 1014.6 1014.9 1015.2 1015.6
30.0 1015.9 1016.3 1016.6 1016.9 1017.3 1017.6 1018.0 1018.3 1018.6 1019.0
30.1 1019.3 1019.6 1020.0 1020.3 1020.7 1021.0 1021.3 1021.7 1022.0 1022.4
30.2 1022.7 1023.0 1023.4 1023.7 1024.0 1024.4 1024.7 1025.1 1025.4 1025.7
30.3 1026.1 1026.4 1026.8 1027.1 1027.4 1027.8 1028.1 1028.4 1028.8 1029.1
30.4 1029.5 1029.8 1030.1 1030.5 1030.8 1031.2 1031.5 1031.8 1032.2 1032.5
30.5 1032.9 1033.2 1033.5 1033.9 1034.2 1034.5 1034.9 1035.2 1035.6 1035.9
30.6 1036.2 1036.6 1036.9 1037.3 1037.6 1037.9 1038.3 1038.6 1038.9 1039.3
30.7 1039.6 1040.0 1040.3 1040.6 1041.0 1041.3 1041.7 1042.0 1042.3 1042.7
30.8 1043.0 1043.3 1043.7 1044.0 1044.4 1044.7 1045.0 1045.4 1045.7 1046.1
30.9 1046.4 1046.7 1047.1 1047.4 1047.8 1048.1 1048.4 1048.8 1049.1 1049.4
HECTOPASCALS (OR MILLIBARS) TO INCHES
(1 hectopascal = 1 millibar = 0.02953 inches of mercury)
hPa ormb
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
INCHES OF MERCURY
710 20.97 21.00 21.03 21.05 21.08 21.11 21.14 21.17 21.20 21.23
720 21.26 21.29 21.32 21.35 21.38 21.41 21.44 21.47 21.50 21.53
730 21.56 21.59 21.62 21.65 21.67 21.70 21.73 21.76 21.79 21.82
740 21.85 21.88 21.91 21.94 21.97 22.00 22.03 22.06 22.09 22.12
750 22.15 22.18 22.21 22.24 22.27 22.30 22.32 22.35 22.38 22.41
760 22.44 22.47 22.50 22.53 22.56 22.59 22.62 22.65 22.68 22.71
(1 hectopascal = 1 millibar = 0.02953 inches of mercury)
hPa ormb
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
INCHES OF MERCURY
770 22.74 22.77 22.80 22.83 22.86 22.89 22.92 22.94 22.97 23.00
780 23.03 23.06 23.09 23.12 23.15 23.18 23.21 23.24 23.27 23.30
790 23.33 23.36 23.39 23.42 23.45 23.48 23.51 23.54 23.56 23.59
800 23.62 23.65 23.68 23.71 23.74 23.77 23.80 23.83 23.86 23.89
810 23.92 23.95 23.98 24.01 24.04 24.07 24.10 24.13 24.16 24.19
820 24.21 24.24 24.27 24.30 24.33 24.36 24.39 24.42 24.45 24.48
830 24.51 24.54 24.57 24.60 24.63 24.66 24.69 24.72 24.75 24.78
840 24.81 24.83 24.86 24.89 24.92 24.95 24.98 25.01 25.04 25.07
850 25.10 25.13 25.16 25.19 25.22 25.25 25.28 25.31 25.34 25.37
860 25.40 25.43 25.45 25.48 25.51 25.54 25.57 25.60 25.63 25.66
870 25.69 25.72 25.75 25.78 25.81 25.84 25.87 25.90 25.93 25.96
880 25.99 26.02 26.05 26.07 26.10 26.13 26.16 26.19 26.22 26.25
890 26.28 26.31 26.34 26.37 26.40 26.43 26.46 26.49 26.52 26.55
900 26.58 26.61 26.64 26.67 26.70 26.72 26.75 26.78 26.81 26.84
910 26.87 26.90 26.93 26.96 26.99 27.02 27.05 27.08 27.11 27.14
920 27.17 27.20 27.23 27.26 27.29 27.32 27.34 27.37 27.40 27.43
930 27.46 27.49 27.52 27.55 27.58 27.61 27.64 27.67 27.70 27.73
940 27.76 27.79 27.82 27.85 27.88 27.91 27.94 27.96 27.99 28.02
950 28.05 28.08 28.11 28.14 28.17 28.20 28.23 28.26 28.29 28.32
960 28.35 28.38 28.41 28.44 28.47 28.50 28.53 28.56 28.58 28.61
970 28.64 28.67 28.70 28.73 28.76 28.79 28.82 28.85 28.88 28.91
980 28.94 28.97 29.00 29.03 29.06 29.09 29.12 29.15 29.18 29.21
990 29.23 29.26 29.29 29.32 29.35 29.38 29.41 29.44 29.47 29.50
1000 29.53 29.56 29.59 29.62 29.65 29.68 29.71 29.74 29.77 29.80
1010 29.83 29.85 29.88 29.91 29.94 29.97 30.00 30.03 30.06 30.09
1020 30.12 30.15 30.18 30.21 30.24 30.27 30.30 30.33 30.36 30.39
1030 30.42 30.45 30.47 30.50 30.53 30.56 30.59 30.62 30.65 30.68
1040 30.71 30.74 30.77 30.80 30.83 30.86 30.89 30.92 30.95 30.98
1050 31.01 31.04 31.07 31.10 31.12 31.15 31.18 31.21 31.24 31.27
MILLIMETERS TO HECTOPASCALS (OR MILLIBARS)
(1 millimeter of mercury = 1.3332 hectopascals = 1.3332 millibars)
MM ofMercury
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
HECTOPASCALS (or MILLIBARS)
530 706.6 707.9 709.3 710.6 711.9 713.3 714.6 715.9 717.3 718.6
CONVERSIONS
METERS PER SECOND TO FEET PER MINUTE
(mps = 196.85 fpm)
MPS FPM MPS FPM
1 197 1.5 295
2 394 2.5 492
3 591 3.5 689
4 787 4.5 885
5 984 5.5 1082
6 1181 6.5 1279
7 1378 7.5 1476
8 1575 8.5 1673
9 1772 9.5 1870
10 1969 10.5 2067
11 2165 11.5 2263
12 2362 12.5 2460
13 2559 13.5 2657
14 2756 14.5 2854
15 2953 15.5 3051
16 3150 16.5 3248
17 3346 17.5 3444
18 3543 18.5 3641
19 3740 19.5 3838
20 3937
METERS PER SECOND TO KNOTS
(1 mps = 1.9438 knots)
Meters p/sec. Knots Meters p/sec. Knots
0 - 1 1.9
2 3.9 3 5.8
4 7.8 5 9.7
6 11.7 7 13.6
8 15.6 9 17.5
10 19.4 11 21.4
12 23.3 13 25.3
14 27.2 15 29.2
16 31.1 17 33.0
(1 mps = 1.9438 knots)
Meters p/sec. Knots Meters p/sec. Knots
18 35.0 19 36.9
20 38.9 21 40.8
22 42.8 23 44.7
24 46.6 25 48.6
26 50.5 27 52.5
28 54.4 29 56.4
30 58.3 31 60.3
32 62.2 33 64.1
34 66.1 35 68.0
36 70 37 71.9
38 73.9 39 75.8
40 77.8 41 79.7
42 81.6 43 83.6
44 85.5 45 87.5
46 89.4 47 91.4
48 93.3 49 95.2
50 97.2 51 99.1
52 101.1 53 103.0
54 105.0 55 106.9
56 108.8 57 110.8
58 112.7 59 114.7
60 116.6 61 118.6
62 120.5 63 122.5
64 124.4 65 126.3
66 128.3 67 130.2
68 132.2 69 134.1
70 136.1 71 138.0
72 140.0 73 141.9
74 143.8 75 145.8
76 147.7 77 149.7
78 151.6 79 153.6
TEMPERATURES
(CELSIUS/FAHRENHEIT)
°C °F °C °F
-40 -40.0 -39 -38.2
WEIGHT
Lbs Kgs Lbs Kgs
2.2046 1 .45359
4 2 1
7 3 1
9 4 2
11 5 2
13 6 3
15 7 3
18 8 4
20 9 4
22 10 4
44 20 9
66 30 14
88 40 18
110 50 23
132 60 27
154 70 32
176 80 36
198 90 41
220 100 45
441 200 91
661 300 136
882 400 181
1102 500 227
1323 600 272
1543 700 318
1764 800 363
1984 900 408
2205 1000 454
DISTANCES
KILOMETERS
to SM to NM
0.62137 1 0.53996
1.24 2 1.08
KILOMETERS
to SM to NM
1.86 3 1.62
2.49 4 2.16
3.11 5 2.70
3.73 6 3.24
4.35 7 3.78
4.97 8 4.32
5.59 9 4.86
6.21 10 5.40
12.43 20 10.80
18.64 30 16.20
24.85 40 21.60
31.07 50 27.00
37.28 60 32.40
43.50 70 37.80
49.71 80 43.20
55.92 90 48.60
62.14 100 54.00
124.27 200 107.99
186.41 300 161.99
248.55 400 215.98
310.69 500 269.98
372.82 600 323.97
434.96 700 377.97
497.10 800 431.97
559.23 900 485.96
621.37 1000 539.96
STATUTE MILES
to KM to NM
1.6093 1 0.86898
3.22 2 1.74
4.83 3 2.61
6.44 4 3.48
8.05 5 4.34
9.66 6 5.21
11.27 7 6.08
STATUTE MILES
to KM to NM
12.87 8 6.95
14.48 9 7.82
16.09 10 8.69
32.19 20 17.38
48.28 30 26.07
64.37 40 34.76
80.47 50 43.45
96.56 60 52.14
112.65 70 60.83
128.75 80 69.52
144.84 90 78.20
160.93 100 86.90
321.87 200 173.80
482.30 300 260.69
643.74 400 347.59
804.67 500 434.49
965.61 600 521.39
1126.54 700 608.28
1287.48 800 695.18
1448.41 900 782.01
1609.34 1000 868.98
NAUTICAL MILES
to KM to SM
1.8520 1 1.1508
3.70 2 2.30
5.56 3 3.45
7.41 4 4.60
9.26 5 5.75
11.11 6 6.90
12.96 7 8.06
14.82 8 9.21
16.67 9 10.36
18.52 10 11.51
37.04 20 23.02
55.56 30 34.52
NAUTICAL MILES
to KM to SM
74.08 40 46.03
92.60 50 57.54
111.12 60 69.05
129.64 70 80.56
148.16 80 92.06
166.68 90 103.57
185.20 100 115.08
370.40 200 230.16
555.60 300 345.23
740.80 400 460.31
926.00 500 575.39
1111.20 600 690.47
1296.40 700 805.55
1481.60 800 920.62
1666.80 900 1035.70
1852.00 1000 1150.78
METERS to FEET
Meters Ft Meters Ft
.3048 1 3.2808
1 2 7
1 3 10
1 4 13
2 5 16
2 6 20
2 7 23
2 8 26
3 9 30
3 10 33
6 20 66
9 30 98
12 40 131
15 50 164
18 60 197
21 70 230
METERS to FEET
Meters Ft Meters Ft
24 80 262
27 90 295
30 100 328
61 200 656
91 300 984
122 400 1312
152 500 1640
183 600 1968
213 700 2296
244 800 2625
274 900 2953
305 1000 3281
METERS to YARDS
Meters Yds Meters Yds
.9144 1 1.0936
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
5 6 7
6 7 8
7 8 9
8 9 10
9 10 11
18 20 22
27 30 33
36 40 44
46 50 55
55 60 66
64 70 77
73 80 88
82 90 99
91 100 110
METERS to YARDS
Meters Yds Meters Yds
183 200 219
274 300 329
366 400 438
457 500 548
549 600 658
640 700 767
732 800 877
823 900 987
914 1000 1096
INCHES to MILLIMETERS (mm)
Inches mm Inches mm
.03937 1 25.4
.07874 2 50.8
.11811 3 76.2
.15748 4 101.6
.19685 5 127.0
.23622 6 152.4
.27559 7 177.8
.31496 8 203.2
.35433 9 228.6
.3937 10 254.0
.7874 20 508.0
1.1811 30 762.0
1.5748 40 1016.0
1.9685 50 1270.0
2.3622 60 1524.0
2.7559 70 1778.0
3.1496 80 2032.0
3.5433 90 2286.0
3.9370 100 2540.0
7.8140 200 5080.0
11.8110 300 7620.0
15.7480 400 10160.0
INCHES to MILLIMETERS (mm)
Inches mm Inches mm
19.6850 500 12700.0
23.6220 600 15240.0
27.5590 700 17780.0
31.4960 800 20320.0
35.4330 900 22860.0
39.3701 1000 25400.0
VOLUME
Imp Gal U.S. Gal Imp Gal U.S. Gal
.83267 1 1.2010
2 2 2
2 3 4
3 4 5
4 5 6
5 6 7
6 7 8
7 8 10
7 9 11
8 10 12
17 20 24
25 30 36
33 40 48
42 50 60
50 60 72
58 70 84
67 80 96
75 90 108
83 100 120
167 200 240
250 300 360
333 400 480
416 500 600
500 600 721
Imp Gal U.S. Gal Imp Gal U.S. Gal
583 700 841
666 800 961
750 900 1081
833 1000 1201
U.S. Gal Liter U.S. Gal Liter
.26418 1 3.7853
1 2 8
1 3 11
1 4 15
1 5 19
2 6 23
2 7 26
2 8 30
2 9 34
3 10 38
5 20 76
8 30 114
11 40 151
13 50 189
16 60 227
18 70 265
21 80 303
24 90 341
26 100 378
53 200 757
79 300 1136
106 400 1514
132 500 1893
158 600 2271
185 700 2650
211 800 3028
238 900 3407
264 1000 3785
Imp Gal Liter Imp Gal Liter
.21997 1 4.5460
.4 2 9
.7 3 14
.9 4 18
1 5 23
1 6 27
2 7 32
2 8 36
2 9 41
2 10 45
4 20 91
7 30 136
9 40 182
11 50 227
13 60 273
15 70 318
18 80 364
20 90 409
22 100 455
44 200 909
66 300 1364
88 400 1818
110 500 2273
132 600 2728
154 700 3182
176 800 3637
198 900 4091
220 1000 4546
OIL VOLUME/WEIGHT
(approximate according to Temp)
U.S. Gal Lbs U.S. Gal Lbs
.13333 1 7.5000
.3 2 15
.4 3 22
OIL VOLUME/WEIGHT
(approximate according to Temp)
U.S. Gal Lbs U.S. Gal Lbs
.5 4 30
.7 5 38
.8 6 45
.9 7 52
1.1 8 60
1.2 9 68
1.3 10 75
3 20 150
4 30 225
5 40 300
7 50 375
8 60 450
9 70 525
11 80 600
12 90 675
13 100 750
27 200 1500
40 300 2250
53 400 3000
67 500 3750
80 600 4500
93 700 5250
107 800 6000
120 900 6750
133 1000 7500
OIL VOLUME/WEIGHT
(approximate according to Temp)
Liter Lbs Liter Lbs
.50471 1 1.9813
1.0 2 4
1.5 3 6
2.0 4 8
OIL VOLUME/WEIGHT
(approximate according to Temp)
Liter Lbs Liter Lbs
2.5 5 10
3.0 6 12
3.5 7 14
4.0 8 16
4.5 9 18
5.0 10 20
10 20 40
15 30 59
20 40 79
25 50 99
30 60 119
35 70 139
40 80 158
45 90 178
50 100 198
101 200 396
151 300 594
202 400 792
252 500 991
303 600 1189
353 700 1387
404 800 1585
454 900 1783
505 1000 1981
OIL VOLUME/WEIGHT
(approximate according to Temp)
Liter Kg Liter Kg
1.1127 1 .89871
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
6 5 5
OIL VOLUME/WEIGHT
(approximate according to Temp)
Liter Kg Liter Kg
7 6 5
8 7 6
9 8 7
10 9 8
11 10 9
22 20 18
33 30 27
44 40 36
56 50 45
67 60 54
78 70 63
89 80 72
100 90 81
111 100 90
222 200 180
334 300 270
445 400 360
556 500 449
668 600 539
779 700 629
890 800 719
1001 900 809
1113 1000 899
TURBINE FUEL VOLUME/WEIGHT
(up to 5 pounds variation per 100 gallons due to fuel grade and temperature)
Liter Lbs Liter Lbs
0.57 1 1.8
1.1 2 3.6
1.7 3 5.4
2.3 4 7.2
2.8 5 9.0
3.4 6 11
TURBINE FUEL VOLUME/WEIGHT
(up to 5 pounds variation per 100 gallons due to fuel grade and temperature)
Liter Lbs Liter Lbs
4 7 13
4.5 8 14
5.1 9 16
5.7 10 18
11 20 36
17 30 54
23 40 72
28 50 90
34 60 110
40 70 130
45 80 140
51 90 160
57 100 180
110 200 360
170 300 540
230 400 720
280 500 900
340 600 1100
400 700 1300
450 800 1400
510 900 1600
570 1000 1800
TURBINE FUEL VOLUME/WEIGHT
(up to 5 pounds variation per 100 gallons due to fuel grade and temperature)
U.S. Gal Lbs U.S. Gal Lbs
0.15 1 6.7
.3 2 13
.45 3 20
.6 4 27
.75 5 33
.9 6 40
1.05 7 47
TURBINE FUEL VOLUME/WEIGHT
(up to 5 pounds variation per 100 gallons due to fuel grade and temperature)
U.S. Gal Lbs U.S. Gal Lbs
1.2 8 53
1.35 9 60
1.5 10 67
3 20 130
4.5 30 200
6 40 270
7.5 50 330
9 60 400
10.5 70 470
12 80 530
13.5 90 600
15 100 670
30 200 1300
45 300 2000
60 400 2700
75 500 3300
90 600 4000
105 700 4700
120 800 5300
135 900 6000
150 1000 6700
TURBINE FUEL VOLUME/WEIGHT
(up to 5 pounds variation per 100 gallons due to fuel grade and temperature)
Liter Kg Liter Kg
1.25 1 .8
2.5 2 1.6
3.8 3 2.4
5.0 4 3.2
6.2 5 4.0
7.5 6 4.8
8.8 7 5.6
10 8 6.4
TURBINE FUEL VOLUME/WEIGHT
(up to 5 pounds variation per 100 gallons due to fuel grade and temperature)
Liter Kg Liter Kg
11 9 7.2
12 10 8
25 20 16
38 30 24
50 40 32
62 50 40
75 60 48
88 70 56
100 80 64
110 90 72
120 100 80
250 200 160
380 300 240
500 400 320
620 500 400
750 600 480
880 700 560
1000 800 640
1100 900 720
1200 1000 800
AVIATION GAS VOLUME/WEIGHT
(approximate according to temperature)
Gal Lbs Gal Lbs
.167 1 6.00
.3 2 12
.5 3 18
.7 4 24
.8 5 30
1.0 6 36
1.2 7 42
1.3 8 48
1.5 9 54
AVIATION GAS VOLUME/WEIGHT
(approximate according to temperature)
Gal Lbs Gal Lbs
1.7 10 60
3 20 120
5 30 180
7 40 240
8 50 300
10 60 360
12 70 420
13 80 480
15 90 540
17 100 600
33 200 1200
50 300 1800
67 400 2400
83 500 3000
100 600 3600
117 700 4200
133 800 4800
150 900 5400
167 1000 6000
AVIATION GAS VOLUME/WEIGHT
(approximate according to temperature)
Liter Lbs Liter Lbs
.631 1 1.58
1 2 3
2 3 5
2 4 6
3 5 8
4 6 10
4 7 11
5 8 13
6 9 14
6 10 16
AVIATION GAS VOLUME/WEIGHT
(approximate according to temperature)
Liter Lbs Liter Lbs
13 20 32
19 30 48
25 40 63
32 50 79
38 60 95
44 70 111
50 80 127
57 90 143
63 100 158
126 200 317
189 300 476
252 400 634
315 500 793
378 600 951
442 700 1110
505 800 1268
568 900 1427
631 1000 1585
AVIATION GAS VOLUME WEIGHT
(approximate according to temperature)
Liter Kg Liter Kg
1.39 1 .719
3 2 1
4 3 2
6 4 3
7 5 4
8 6 4
10 7 5
11 8 6
12 9 6
14 10 7
28 20 14
AVIATION GAS VOLUME WEIGHT
(approximate according to temperature)
Liter Kg Liter Kg
42 30 22
56 40 29
70 50 36
83 60 43
97 70 50
111 80 58
125 90 65
139 100 72
278 200 144
417 300 216
556 400 288
695 500 359
834 600 431
974 700 503
1113 800 575
1252 900 647
1391 1000 719
ALTIMETER CORRECTIONS
Extracted from ICAO Document 8186; Vol I; Part VI; Chapter 3 – ALTIMETER SETTING PROCEDURES.
Note:
This chapter deals with altimeter corrections for pressure, temperature and, where appropriate, wind and terrain effects. The pilot is responsible for thesecorrections except when under radar vectoring. In that case, the radar controller shall issue clearances such that the prescribed obstacle clearance willexist at all times, taking the cold temperature correction into account.
PRESSURE CORRECTION
Flight Levels
When flying at levels with the altimeter set to 1013.2 hPa, the minimum safe altitude must be corrected for deviations in pressure when the pressure is lowerthan the standard atmosphere (1013 hPa). An appropriate correction is 10m (30 ft) per hPa below 1013 hPa. Alternatively, the correction can be obtainedfrom standard correction graphs or tables supplied by the operator.
QNH/QFE
When using the QNH or QFE altimeter setting (giving altitude or height above QFE datum respectively), a pressure correction is not required.
TEMPERATURE CORRECTION
Requirement for Temperature Correction
The calculated minimum safe altitudes/heights must be adjusted when the ambient temperature on the surface is much lower than that predicted by thestandard atmosphere. In such conditions, an approximate correction is 4 per cent height increase for every 10° C below standard temperature as measuredat the altimeter setting source. This is safe for all altimeter setting source altitudes for temperatures above -15°.
© JEPPESEN, 2006. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Tabulated Corrections
For colder temperatures, a more accurate correction should be obtained from Tables 1 and 2 below. These tables are calculated for a sea level aerodrome.They are therefore conservative when applied at higher aerodromes.
Note 1:
The corrections have been rounded up to the next 5m or 10 ft increment.
Note 2:
Temperature values from the reporting station (normally the aerodrome) nearest to the position of the aircraft should be used.
Table 1 – Values to be added by the pilot to minimum promulgated heights/altitudes (m)
AerodromeTemperature(°C)
Height above the elevation of the altimeter setting source (metres)
60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 450 600 900 1200 1500
0 5 5 10 10 10 15 15 15 20 25 35 50 70 85
-10 10 10 15 15 25 20 25 30 30 45 60 90 120 150
-20 10 15 20 25 25 30 35 40 45 65 85 130 170 215
-30 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 55 60 85 115 170 230 285
-40 15 25 30 40 45 50 60 65 75 110 145 220 290 365
-50 20 30 40 45 55 65 75 80 90 135 180 270 360 450
Table 2 – Values to be added by the pilot to minimum promulgated heights/altitudes (ft)
AerodromeTemperature(°C)
Height above the elevation of the altimeter setting source (feet)
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 5000
0 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 90 120 170 230 280
-10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 150 200 290 390 490
-20 30 50 60 70 90 100 120 130 140 210 280 420 570 710
-30 40 60 80 100 120 140 150 170 190 280 380 570 760 950
-40 50 80 100 120 150 170 190 220 240 360 480 720 970 1210
-50 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 450 590 890 1190 1500