Russian Phonetic

7/28/2019 Russian Phonetic

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T.V. Shustikova

INTRODUCTORYRUSSIANPHONETIK.GRAMMAR

COURSE

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FOR ENGLISH SPEAKERS

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T.V. ShustikovaIntroductoryRussian honeticgrammar

eourseor Englishspeokers

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Preface

The ímponance of the elementarystage ín leaching Russian as a foreign languoge is

dfficult to overestimaíe.The orming of the articulatory grounds of the language ( here Rus-

sian as a foreigt ), Jìrst accountance wiÍh the pecuüartfies of its grammar with their svstemìdeas, the developmentof proper grammarform skills of talking, the ability to join talking incommon siluations using elententary language material - all these tasks are tealìsed in íhepresenÍ ntroducÍory honetÌc-grammar ourse.

The teachìng material of the course is dÌvided inío I0 lessonsand is organiTed n ac'cordance with the meÍhodsof staging n forming speechhabits and skills

Thephonetic and grammar maturtal of tlte Russian language is presented in Compari-son wíth the English language thus giving the possibility of usingpositive transfer as wëll asavoiding nterference.Necessary ommenÍs nd the compositíon f the teachingmateial helpto present the languagephenomenacompletely.

The aim of the Russian articulation, Ío teach the students corect Russianpronuncia-tìon:

fluentglÍde

fromthe articulation of front lingual soundsto back lingual, thusforming the

mechanism of non-palataliTatíon / palataliption, to obtain free glíde from non-palatal topalatal and vice versa; afler leaming the articulation of wiced and voiceless consonanÍs íopronounce the words containing these sounds luently; to teach reading clusters of consonantsand vowels in words and word combinations accent and rhythm are solved in Íhe course.Teaching Russian ìntonation ís based on small commanicative rerts of dialogue and monologuecharacter.

Lexico-grammar models are visually presented n tables and a great number of dritls.Besides his.there are many píctures ín the text book. This illustrative mateüal stimulatesindívidual speaking of the learners.

Each lesson contains exercisesor developing anguageguessand altention, dramataskswhích do not shadow he main goal - to obtaingrammarcorreclness f the speech. The

system of exercÌses n the lessons and home tasksprovide íraìning of the skills and realisecommunicative oientation of teachíng at the elementary stage already. All the expressionscommon to certain sìtuations dre put together in a special sectìon <Speechetiqueííe>. Thesection<<Keyo exercìses>>evelopsskills of self-conÍrol. The leamers are given the task tofillin summary dictionary with new words (task: tlite out new words alphabetically) for the cle-velopment of indívidual work skills. There are texts of popular songswith the translation inthe course. Systematic classesof musicalphoneücs aresugested. All this helps solving lin-guacuhural problems, enlarges hepotentìal vocabulary, provides relaxation absolutely neces-sary at the elementary stage which is considered o be the most dfficult.

The course s intended or 40-50 class essons, The aadio casettewith exercises, extsand songs s enclosed.



Ípeôucaoeae

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TABLEOF THE IIARI)CONSONATS

TAsJrr{rIATBEPÃbIXCOTJIACHbIX

TABLEOF THE SOFTCONSONANTS

TABJII{IIAMf,IKI,IXCODIACHbIX

l4A - MO - My - M3 -'MtrBA_EO_BY-83_ËbII ÌA-I IO-ny-I Ì3-I lb l

M,q_ME_MÌI ] -ME_MI4

E,S-BË_BIO_BE_BI4

N,fl _ I]Ë - IÌIO _ IIE _ III4BA-BO-By-83-Bht.0A-@o-oy-03-obl

B,q-BË-BIO-BE-B'4o.s-oË-oto-oE-oi l

, [A-ÃO-.qy-13-.4brTA-TO-TY_T3-TII

HA_HO_HY_H3_HhiJIA-JIO_JÌY_JIg-JITI

3A-30-3y-33-3hr

cA-CO-Cy-c3-cb]

, [E-IE-Ãn-ÃE-ÃVrT.S_TË-TIO-TE-TI4

H,S-HÉ_H]O-HE_HIAJ]f f-JIË-J]I ] -TIE_JIW3.S-3Ë-3r0-38-371cf l -cË-cÌ0-cE-ct |

uÀ-uo-uy-u3-ubrr_lE_ rlr4

r lA-r tË-qÌ0-qE- i171ilo

ilrÂ - nÌË nIO - qE - ur4nio

PA_PO_PY_P3_PbÌ

XA-,XO-XY-XE-XZ,/11È

NÌA - IÌIO - ÌIIy - IIIE - ]]II4tll L

P,S_PË_PN.PE_PII

FArf1 - .t \-,, - _L y - -

KA_KO_KY_XA-XO_XY_

fE - rllKE - K]IXE_XM



Tableof combinationsf the consonants

TAENI4IIA COIIETAHI4I4COIJIACHbTX

BBA - BBO - BBI4 OIIA - Ono - ollt4 3KA [CKA]

BBA - BBO - BBI4 OOA - OOO- OOI4 BKA [OKA]BMA - BMO - BMII OMA - OMO- OMt{ B!Â tB,[A]

BHA - BHO - BHII OHA - OHO- OHI4 BIA [BfA]

BJIA - BJIO - BJIil OJIA - OJIO- Onil B,4A lB.[A]

BpA - BPO - BPI4 oPA - OPO - OPil C.UA t3ÃAl

B.[A - B,qO- BIII OTA - OTO - OTII 3JlO - CJIOBIA - BIO - BIII OKA - OKO - OKI4 3MA - CMA

B3A _ B3O - 8371 OCA - OCO _ OCI4 3BA _ CBABXA - BXO - BXTI O]I1A O]IÌO- OI]1Í4 3HA _ CHA

- CKA

_ OKA- BTA

- [orA]- BKA- toKAl- BTA

- [oTA]_ 3TA- icrAl

PA - TPA _ BTPA IOTPA] - CTPA BCTPA IOCTPA]KTO-fIA-rÃE

py - .qpy - KIPy lrÃPvl - c.qPv t3lPvl

TA-XÃA-XTY BA - XBAJIA - ruIA _ ruIA - 3JlA _ CJ]A _ BJIA - TJÌA - .[J]AAPT _ OPT - YPT - YKP - YIP _ YIPAEPb _ BP,SMHO - MHE - I IHÃ - IÌ I IF, - nHV - r l{A - rHI l

nÌ i r õr ta nrrbbà - u-bÌ1 - ll-b.ü - lI.bru - lJbll - ÌJ.bru - JI-bIi - J.l.bÌrJ

IACK_ CKNA - OPCK _ IIOJIbCK KYPCK,KBA _ ]IBA - 3BA - TBA - XBA _ CBA - IIIBA



SOMEPRINCIPALPECULIARITIESOFRUSSIAN PHONETICSYSTEM

Phonetic is a section of science about the language which deals with thesounds of speech.while studyrrg a foreign language t is necessary o acquaintoneselfwith its sound systemas the sound languagedoes not coincide with thewritten one. we write letters and pronourÌce sounds, therefore a word which rsfamiliar in spelling may sound quite strangewhen we hear it for the first time il alecture or in a conversation. n order to know which soundsare denoted bv theseletters n different casesand how to pronouncethem it is necessaryo have án ideaof the phonetic rules of the Russian anguage. n order to show the correct way topronouncewordsphonetic ranscriptions used.For example:oro Mocrca? (is itMoscow?). era rraacrna?].

VowelsandConsonants

All Russian and English sounds are divided into vowels and consonan$.some Russian sounds have English counterparts,whereas others have not. AÌlRussian owelsare shoúer than their Englishcounterparts.

VoicedandVoicelessConsonants

As in Engiish, the Russianconsonantsare divided into voiced and voiceless.But unlike English consonants, Russianvoiced

and voicelessconsonantswhlchhavocounterpaltschange heirs articulationsdependingon position in the words.

Hard andSoft Consonants

Russianconsonantsare divided not only into voiced and voiceless,but alsointo hard and soft consonants.when pronouncing hard conconants he tack partof the tongue s drawn back and raised.soft consonantsdiffer in the pronunciatronfrom hard ones by some additional articulation: the middle part ofìhe io"g"" ,,raised to the palate and the whore to-ngue s a bit protrudeo. ihe tip of the tãngueis loweredas in the pronunciation of the Russianvowel ,,1I". Soft consonantshàve"T" $ hue. The opposirionof hard and soft consonantss a peculiarity of Russianphonetic system.

WordStress

vowels n Russian anbe stressedndunstressed.tresss the pronunciationof one vowel in a word with a greater orce accompanied y an increasen thelengthof the soundcomparedwith othe$ on"s; su"h a vowel is calledstressea.Stresss markedbV ' / which s placedabovehe stressedowel.



Russianwords may consist of one, two, tfuee and more syllables, one ofwhich is stressed.

In Russian he stressdoes not fall on some definite syllable of a word, it isfree: máua (mum, mother); xafxa (science). Stress can distinguish words andgranìmar orms: sarìróx cáMox(a padlock- a castle); nncruá - núcrua (of a letter- letters).

It is necessaryo write down and leam every word paying attention to thestress.

In order to pronounce a stressed owel it is not necessaryo raise he pitch,one should only to intensify this sound, pronounco it with more energyand longerthan other soundsofa word.

Intonationalsystem f Russian

The intonational systemof Russianconsistsof 7 types of intonational unitsintonational constructionswhich are called IC-1, IC-2, IC-3... (VlK-t, l4K-2,

I4K-3...)- These intonational constructions distinguish the meaning of thesentelìceswe say and hear.

IHaraua noër. (lIK-l) Natalie sings.

2Kax Haraua not"r? lIK-2) How well doesNatalie sing?

J

Harana noÈh?lIK-3) DoesNataliesing?4

Â Amon?(I{K-4) And whataboutAnton?

:Kax Haraua noih! (lÍK-5) How beautifully Natalie siugsl

The sentences though identical by their lexico-syntacticalstructure mayexpressdifferent ideasdepending on the intonation they are pronounced with. Forexample:

IOn naër aonroü. (Ee is goinghome.)

3On naPr Ãouoü? (Is he goinghome?)

A simple questionand delight may be expressedn the same words but withcompletely different intonation:2

Kax ona noèn?(lIK-2) Xopouo. How doesshesings?Well.

Ki* ona noër! (I{K-5) How beautifutty hesings!.{a, npexpacno!, Yes, hedoes.

- E.A.Epsrsrynoaa.3nyxn { r4HroHauuÍyccxoüpewr" M. , 1972.2 3âKâ3N, 195! 9



The centre of I4K is defined by the situation and depending on the situationcan move. In some casesshifting of the I,IK centre changes the meaning of thesentence, n other cases t makesthe meaning more exact.

Pay attention to the changing of the meaning of the sentence f the centre ofI,IK moves:

J

- Bu 6run r rearpe? - Wereyou at the theatre?11

- Àa, n rearpe. - Yes,at the theatre.J

- Bu 6ruln r rearpe? - Wereyou at the theatre?11

-,{a, 6rur. - Yes, was.

3- Bu 6u.nnB Tearpe? - Wereyou aí the theatre?

11- Ãa, * - Yes, it wasme.



Ypore epooui

Lesson . YPOK IIEPBbIIIVowelsa [a], o [ol, y [y]o e [e], n [n], u [ul

There are only six vowels n stressedosition: [al, [o], [y], [e], [n],[u]. All Russian owels,except u], haveEnglishcounterparts:

a vase

Wí ';

"m"L"r,/\r,r@\ / l aport ra i tfi]'r \,Y,,/ -^-

Ex. 1. Read these sounds. Don't forget that Russian vowels are shorterthan their English counterparts: "park', "sort", "look", "feet". In thepronunciation of the Russian [o], [y] the lips are more rounded and tense nthe pronunciation of their English counterpaÍts.

a-o-y y-o-a a-3-r r r | -3-a a-o-y- I | -9-â

o-o-o' !

l l

o-a-at v-v-vl



Yowelu [ul

In the pronunciationof the vowel [u] the bulk-of the tolrgue s retractedfrom the front teeth while the backof the tongus s raised.The lips arepassive,

motionless.Ex 2. Read hesevowels.Watchthe position of the tongueand the lips.

Syllable

In the Russianevery vowel taken separateryor in combination withconsonantsorms a syllable.Two vowels orm two svllables.

_ The secondsyllable s to be stressed. ronouncethe pre-srtess owel onthe usualpitch. rower the pitch on the stressedower.Read he svllables.

a-hl a-I |-bla-y-bI a-e-rr-h l

ya! (y-a!)

a-o-y-bt-n-9-aa-9- I | -br-y-o-a

ay! (a-y!)

Consonants u_[nl,6[õ1,

n[nl, r [r], 0 [01, hl,r [rl, u [nl, r [rl, r [xl, r [al,õ 1g1 -

The Russianhard consonantscorrespondto tho Eng1iú consonants.flowever, úe Russianconsonant n/ resombleshe Engtiú 1i1t"t m;;;;aspirated.

12



Vporc epewú

u [ul = [ml6 [6] = [blr ln l = lpln [n l = [v l

0lQl= r l

sUokebeardedtobacco-pipesailingyessel

phorograph

Ex. 3. Read.Differentiatehe vowels.

Ma-Me-MO-My-Mbl

6a--6s-6o-6y-6ut ra-t re-| Io-t ry-t rb l

aM-9M-OM-W

an-etr-o l l -yI |a0-eÈ-oô-y0

BA- Be-BO- By- Bt ' l

0a-ôe-$o-Sy-Qu

- Ee! - IIaQ!

- My-ry! v0!

13



Vp"- ,"p""t

Ex. 4. Read. The tip of the tongue is pressedagainst he back of theupper incisors.The consonant r] neveraspirated.

fila-ftLa-n7a

Don't forget that in the articulation of the Russian r/, /t/, /l/ the tipof the tongue is pressedagainst he teethridgebut against he bacl'of ihe upperincisors! The combinations of vowels with cónsonant fn/ always-'arepronouncedas two soundsl

r [r] = [tlTA-T9-TO-Ty-Tbr

a [a] = [d]Ãa-Ãe-Ão-Ãy-Àblu [x] = [n]Ha-H3-HO-rry-Hhr

aT-3T-OT-yrTaT-TOT-Tyr

Singwith usTa-Ta-Ta TA -TA.-TATa-TA-Ta Ta -Ta

Ex. 5. Read.aH - 9H . - OH

HaH-HOrr-HyH

Ex. 6. Read and remember he pronouns.Tbf you Bb,ryou

AH-HA

ü-BAH

AH - TOH

ltlbl weis used n addressing is used n addressinechìldren, friends a number of persoÃ as a polite form

ffiffiBH yOUbr you

14

Ntb| We



Vpor nepawú

Ex.7.Read.

e [s] : [z] peasantc [c] : fsl artist

r [r]:

[gl go, grover[xf = [c,k] cloud,colour

3a-3it -3()-3y-3Hca-ce-co-cy-cbr

f8 ' r0 - ryKa-KO-Ky;AK-OK-yK

Consonants ardbefore: a, o, y, g, hrua [ua] uo [ruo] My[My] rrre ue] ruu [uu]

Consonantshard at the end of the word: aouConsonanthard before he consonanthard:rycr

Ex. 8. Read.

,,É-'íd

cold- sleep cw - soup

MOpOìIíEH9E

3oHT umbrella

lraÕsl

YC moustoche

- KaÔe

15

- rcecream



ÃoM house, Kysr - bushMocr - bridge

corí - juice

'tO'Í- CAt

Stressed ndunstressedowels.Reduction f unstressedowelsIn Russian everyword has the stress.One syllableof the word is stres-

sed. The vowel of this syllable is stressed.Another vowels of a word are un-stressed.n ordel to pronounce a stressed owel it is not necessaryo raise hepitch, one should only ìntensify this sound, pronounce with more energyandlonger than other soundsof a word. Listening to Russianspeech t is possibleto notice that while stressed owelsare distinct and deÍìnite unstressed owels,besides he quality of the sounds a/, /o/ greatlychanges.Therefore their pro-nunciation differs from their spelling. For example, in the word Mocrca the

frrst unstressed owel "o" is pronounced as a short sound, a/ - /^/. ln theother unstressed yllablesa, o arepronouncedas a very short sound a - u [t]:norouy /rrsrûy/ because.

cyx - branch

dlffiffit- - ì

XïiH4dEàral'.ír9l

-\tt -

@-EF€

É

É

É

ler er A stressedvowel

At thebe-ginningofa word

sttessedsyllable

All the otherunstressedsyllables

In the ab-solute endof the word

ao

lallol

TAM

ÃoMArnón

oHa6awâr,r,oaí

caÃoBoÃtroToMVSAMOK

MAMA

9TO

16



Vpor nepeuú

Ex. 9. Read. Pay attention to tho stress.

sauóx - lock {auox - castle

A word may consist only of the stressed art , ÃoM(house),of, the pre-

..stressedand stressedpafts - Mocxra (Moscow), of the stÍessedand post-stressed âÍts - KoMHara room).The stressed art consistsof only one syllable.

Hayxa(scìence)

pre-stressedpart shessedpart post-stressedpart

The pre-stressedand post-stressed arts may consist of some syllables.The pre-stressed art of a word is usually pronounced on a middle pitch. Thepitch changes n the stressed nd the post-stressed arts.When you name theword, in the stressed art the pitch is lowered.

Ex. 10. Listen the words. Pay attention to the stress.

n and oHá she oro this, thereBor here oHó it for neuter uâma mumTJn here nína dadTaM lhere Boía waler aóua at homeoH he oxxó wintlow

The Genderof NounsRussiannounsbelong to one of the three genders:masculine, eminine

or neuter. Nouns denotinganimatedobjectsare either masculineor feminine.Nouns denoting nanimateobjectsareany of the threegenders. he genderof

' a noun is determined by the final letter of the word: a hard consonantcorrespondso the masculinenouns; the vowels a and s correspond o thefemininenouns; the vowelso ande correspondo the neuternouns.

3 3'r!3 ,t lese t7



Vpor nepawú

Masculine (m) Feminine(0 NeuterOH

llr,an|taI|aÃoM

oHaAruraMAMA

Mocrna

oHoor(Ho

The NominativeCaseRussian nourÌs are declined, i.e. they take different endings on their

function ür the sentence.There are six cases n Russian: he nominative, thegenitive, he dative, the accusative, he instrumentaland the prepositional.

The nominative is the first case of nouns in the article of the dictionary.The nominative denotes he subject n the sentenceand answershe questions:

I4tho s this?Kro s.ro? 9ro Aflra.Wo is at home?Kro Ãoua?Amra Ãoua.

In Russian there are sentencesn which the subject and predicate areexpressed y the nouns in the nominativecase:

Arma - uaua. llsan - nana. Arrron - cun.

Omissionn the PresentTenseof the Eqúvalent9ro 4ou. This s a house.gro I{sar. This s lvan.0n Ãoma. Ee isat home.

. ArroncbtH

of the EnglishVerb "TO BE"

AruraMAMA

llrantratra

The First IntonationalConstruction lIK-l)IIK-I is most vividly seenwhen one expresshe completenessf the

llalIative sentences:

9ro uama. This s mummv.Oua4oua. She s at homá.

Fint of all it is necessaryo leam to pronounce correctly úe pre_stressed,tressedndpost-stressedartsof I4K-1.

18



Vpor nepewú

9ro maua

pre-stressed art stressed art, centerof IIK-I post-stressed art

Ãa. Yes. 9ro Anron. He isAntony. Kounara. Room.

The center of I{K- 1 (one syllable) is always in the new part of the

utterânce.The pre-srtessed art is pronouncedon the usual pitch. The specificfeature of I4K-l is lowering the pitch in the stressedpart. The post-stressedpârt is pronounced on a iower pitch than the usual one. (In transcription theirtonation is denotedby the numbers IK1,2,3... above he centerof l{K).

Ex. 10. Readthese sentences ayingattention to the intonation.l l l l t

a) Mu gonra. ,I nu 4oma.We are at home. And you are at home too.

l l6) ManraÃoua. lÍ trâtraÃoMa.

OHaÃoua.

Dro nala. Bor oH.

1l9ro I{nan. llnan Àoua.

t lTau rycr. 9ro Anron. On aorua.

l l9ro Anna.Onaaoua.

B) AHHaÃoua. I{ úInanÃoua.

l lr) 0H aonra. ,I ona 4oua.

Ero AHfla.

9ro Ãonr. Ox ryr.

gro xycr. 0n ryr.

Dro uocr. Os rau.l l

gro uaua. Ona ryr.

Bor Ãom.

Tyr nrocT

Ex. 11. Read he texts,paying attention to the intonation.11 11

Ex. 12.Read he text.

9ro Anna. gro I,Inan.gro Anron. Mu 3Haxouu. (We are acquaintecl.)

,J ' 19



Jt, Cq 32, o9",-ú*,6{97),,,%.F4,9V*, g/2,.ffo, 3a ?o %, ffa'y',ra) a)*,K, nty',,%., *, ógoo, M.

.9*o*á... o9*o *r-.. 9*o-4t*.

&*t-//"Õút.

gt".'/íaw."%".

Honework

l. Pronounceand write thesewords:

AHna, ?InaH,Mocxna,oKHo,BoÃa.

2. Where do you pronouncea short faint sound a]?MocIGa,oH,Bo,qa, ro, Arura,AHToH,Bor,ÃoMa,oKHo,Kor.

3. Transcribe represent)he letten a, o by the phoneticsymbol[n/r]Mocrna, gyíuá, Orá, coK, BoÃa,Kycr, [ana.

4. Write the genderof thesenouns:

ÃoM,oKHo,Mocr<na, oK, cyÍI, BoÃa,Kycr, Mocr, rIatta, Iraaua, rnor.5. Translatento Russian:

We are at home. And you are at home.It is Anna. It is lvan. It is Anton. We are acquainted.Here the house.Here the room.Anna, Ivan and Anton are at home.

6. Fill in the necessaryharacterso read ollowingwords:

M__*_â, o__o, M__T, c_FI

7. Cross out superÍluous charactersto read the latent here words:

a6nraoueëx3r. rKoKHo

lrBaHMJrKpcÃaHHarOy6nn<[rKHMaHToHcaMo

8. Write new words in alphabetical order in the special notebook.

20



Vpor amopoú

Lesson . YPOKBTOPOü

The Hard Consonant [.rt]

The articulation of the Russian r] differs from that of the English [/ ]in the following: the tip of the tongue s pressed ot against he teethridge,butagainsthe backof the upper ncisors.

Pronouncehe syllables. he soundstl' [a], [nl' [r]' [r]' [o]' [yl helpyou to pronounce he consonant l] hard.

Ta - Ãa - Ea - Jra xla rKa o-no - onom - ,4o - EO - JIO KJIO JIXO y - iry - yJry

Ty-ry -Fy-ny Kny nrryTÉI - ,UbI - TËT - JIbI trJIII JIKI

Te-19-tr9-JI9

Ex. 1.Readhese yllablesndwords.rla - rrâ - JIa lrârmra. alayyJIE - JI9 - JT9 MOJIOTO A MUK

Jro - Jro - Jro sróro a wordJry - Jty - Jry xJlacc a classroomJIEI-JIb| .J Ih |

â - an - aJr sa:r a hallon - oJr - oJt cmn a tableyn - yn - yn cryn a chairbIJI - b|JI - bUI

gJI - 9JI . 3JI

Ex. 2. Read he senteÍÌcesayingattention o the ntonation.

l l l lOro cron. I em cmr. 9ro san.I sm san.

11 11Oro cryr. II erocryl. 9m lanma.I ero alma'

The Pluralof Nouns

The plural form of the masculineand feminine nouns s formed by the

ending-u

uocr - uosú rówarX+ u:rónnaru---___\ _/-\ ./-

final consonantof the stem s hard

2l



Ex. 3. Read he wordspayingattention o the pronunciation f the soundIul.

caa - caaír . garden s.,pl.) craxáx - craxânu3oHT 3onTbr xôuxara - xôuuaruuocr - mocr:ú 6jxra - 6!xnu

croJr croJrbr .námna .rárunu

glass s.,pl.)room s.,pl.)letÍer(s.,pl.)

I4K-2 issentenceswith(when):

The SecondntonationalConstruction llK-Z)

vividly seenwhile expressinga question in the interrogativean interrogative ord (for example: KTO,, (who), ,,KOI./{/r',

Who s Íhis?

Center Post-stressedart

uKro TJ"r? Who shere? Kro 4orua?Wo isat home?

2lKro ero?gro A;ura.

Kto ryr? Tyr Á,rua.2l

Kro Àonra?lla aorua.

Ex. 5.Make up thesentencess n themodelof theEx.4using hesewords:Anna, ÍIrau, Arron, uaua, [atra, cbul, TaM,Tyr, ero, AoMa!KTo.

trKro

of l4K-2

Pay attention to the intonational scheme of the sentence with aninterrogativeword. The pre-stressed art is pronounced on the usual pit"h. i;corÌtrast o zK- l the stressedpart is pronounced with a stronge*oìd .tr.r,which is marked in the súeme by a small square.The post-itresseapãrt ispronouncedon the lower pitch than the usualone as n ?IK_2.

. Ex' 4' Pay attention to the intonational schemes.The center of trreintonational construction

is defrned by the situation and dependirrgon tÀ;situation can move. The changing of rhe center of krK-r, úr-z úrcì ir.'.mearung of the sentence more exact: Kro Àorua?and Kro aonra? In thernterrogative sentence the word KTO is predicate of a question, i.". ìtexspresseshe queúon designing what is being asked about. The answér to thequestion can be short or full. If the full answer is glen the center will bealwayson the word A.n.rra. he intonational centerof an answerdependson themtenogativeword of a question,,<ro',:

22



Ex. 6. Read the dialogues. Pay attention to the intonational center of

uK-2.

2- Kax Bacsoryr?r2

- Á..rura. xax Bac soryr?I

What syourname?

- Marc.

The centerof klK-2 is the questionwas changedbut the predicateof thequestion what is being askedabout) emained: his is the word KAK. If youaddress ifferentpeoplewith this question ou will changehe centerof I4K-2in everynewquestion. ou can ask:

1) - Kax Bac eoryr? - fuua.2

2) - Kax Bac ronyr? - Á'.rua.2

3) - Kax Baceonyr? - A.ma.

The answero all thÕse üïèrentquestions iÌl be the same A,T.,ïa".

Remember

Names: Anna,A,r.ra, f)I,[nal, Arffon, Maxc (m)

Towns: Mocxra, Ãy6uá,TÍ.na

Rivers: Mocxra, Bóara,Oxá, flox



-í/níaztura,n&, a,fcer cnn,t, ryo,âu, rtu'l,uíanz.,,ra-íí4fln6,t Jo * -* -íâ, -46t A' 0.43á4 6,ú,'

-día-,í(a-*o -,fl.-e. 9*ogo-*.&* **. n9*o 1or-.

"9; .Lr*.

Ifomework

l. Write n plural orm:MOCT,CTOJI, AMIIa, 3AJI.

2. Write the genderof nouns: .

cJIoBo, roJr,Bolra, rama, rutacc,Mocxna,Marc, MoJIoKo.3. Write the Russiannames.

4. Transcribe:9TO, KlIaCc, clloBo, oKHO.

5. Translatento Russian:Who is this?This is Alla. She s at home.Who is this?This s Max. He is at home.

6. Lookat the picture(ex.6) andwrite the sentences.7.

Crossout superfluousharacterso read he latentherewords:6a:rsroMHaraÀHyBonfaantrÃMblaÃMonoKo3crrr r6

8. Write neú words in alphabetical order in the special notebook.

24



Irsson 3. YPOKTPETIIII

TheHard Consonantsn [ul, xr [x]

The consonantsm], [x] are nvariablyhard.The consonant m] is resemblehe English consonant epresentedy theletters sh in shop,shell.T\e consonsnt x] resembleshe Englishconsonant nthe word pleasure.The Russian [n], lxl are harder than their Englishcounterparts.he consonantx] is voicedand [m] is voiceÌess.

Ex. l. Read he syllables, ordsand sentences.

NN

a - ma [ma]a - ue [ms]a - më [mola - mo [mo]a - my [Ey]a - mu [urH]

a - xa [xa]a - xe [xe]a - xë [xo]

â - xo [xola - )Ky [xyla - xü [xotl

uúto

J(CIL

3'o CL.. Ero M"t.. üKarpbook case

(m, l pet nameof "Alexander"(fl petnameof "Mary"

MAÀbIIII

baby

Names: CanraMaua

Possesive ronounsEMIII our(s), BNII your(s)

S Pluralmasculinefeminineneuter

HAM. BA CTOJI

HAIIIA, BAIIA JIAMÍA

HAI|II{ CTOJIbI

JIAMIIbI

BAIUI| OmAaüe or(Ho

4 3rrdr J\i 1959 25



Yporc pemuü

Ex. 2. Read, paying attention to the intonation.9ro HamcHH. Oro Haua MaMa.9ro rama KoMHara.Ero raunr üKaOu. gro narucry.n.

ã.---(4iEJr40È-é

&2

9ro sro?1

ero uamrna,

car

Ex. 3. Readthe dialogue,paying attention to the intonation.

vrÍ ,y'lTy n *.çr1.

cupboards

Kro aro?

ero,{xyu.

Who is it?

Kro sro?Oro Canra.

What is it?vro (uro)

{ro ero?*

K'ro aro?

Dro {xoH.

2rfro arol

I3ro uaurnxnr-

cars

' (_-

t7

2Irro raml

,Tr II a oxno-

window

b-, -}

I

26



Vporcmpemuú

2l l 1- Kax Bac soryr? - Om naurcbrn,Cartra. ro Maua.

112 11- Arsa. Ilran. A KaKBac aoByr? - A ero saav xvrrm,Amox.

121-

,{xox. Ã:rytr.A f,ro 9ro? - Mu gsaxourr.

Voiced and YoicelessConsonants

Russianconsonantsmav be voiced and voiceless. ou know some ofthese onsonants lready.

Voiced 6nrnxr MHJID

voiceless nÒrr I I rc

As you can see the voiced consonants , M, E, p have no pairs. In

speechhe pairedsoundsmaypassrom one o another losing", or "gaining"voice. Thesechanges ependon the positionof a sound n a word and onneighbouringonsonants.

1. Voiced consonants re pronouncedas voiceless t the end of theword:

câÃ [car] agardenHox lnourl akntferury6 [rc.nynl a club

2. Voicedconsonants ecome oiceless eforevoiceless onsonants:.nóxrca

.nóurrctla spoon

3. Voicelessconsonants ecome voiced before all voiced consonantsexcept r, M, n, p, B:

norsán [rnrrá.nl a railway stationKaKBacsoqír [xar rar rnnfr] whatk your name9ToaamÃoM 9rl nax,qonr] this s our house

4. BeforeJr,M, E, p and r the voiceless onsonantsare pronouncedasvoiceless:

c.nónourósrl a word

5. The consonant , M, H, p are pronouncedas voiced before thevoiceless onsonants; hey don't havevoicelesscounterparts:

6írxa [6Í.rrrcrl roundbread

6. It is important not to confuse the voiced consonantswith thevoiceless onsonants ecausehey often diÍïerentiate he meaningof the words:

6opr- nopr aside-aport Èasa Oasa avase aphasexap - trap hit - aglobe mÃ - Kor ayear - a cat

z7



Ex. 4. Read.

1t9ro namÃou. Oro samcror.9ro nau c44. gto rama lo:m<a.Oro namnrry6. Bor sa uox.

Ex. 5. tnok at the picture. What is Sashaand Antony saying,whenshowing heir room to JohnandJane.

Ex. 6. Look at the picture. What is Mashasaying,when showingherschoolandclass oom to Johnand Jane?

tnxó;ra ,qocúschool blackboard

28



Ypoxmpemuü

úlhu, Qú,k,or*, a.ugt,r^q frtu, ozce,,tw; Jy'ürc,cÍtn, wy, ??cu; .Jurrmú, uÍf,,t(tr, 0{a,4(t0, 0{6l,trra,

o{a/uL(t, fra*t, 6q*ra, /ra,orrn, 6onuw. 9or* *oo

tro..4L.9^, ,*rr* Íto"0ttuanL(2.97(o,^, omrL urgr.

9** r*orro annú,.,tít.g)"r, ouríu.,r'Lrarc. 9ío,*

Homework

L Put the pronouns [artr, xaüa, Ba[r, BaIua, raue, Ba[e, Hatm, Balrrrlbefore hesewords:

MocKBa, aÃ, oKHo,Hox, Borra, naüa, Anna, urxa$u, JroxKa,ÃoM, KoMHara, MaIITI{Ha, cbIH, oKHa, uxon (school)

2. Make heseplural:BAIII CTOJI, HaUI CaÃ, HAIUa MatUIIHa, BaIUa KOMHaTa, BaÌIIe OKÌiO.

3. Write the gender f thesenouns:

c;roro, uxaQ, IIrKoJIa, Icracc, cbIH, JroxKa, KoMHara, oKHo,MAITI,IHA, MÍÌJIbIII.

4. Transcribe:JroxKa, BoK3aJI, MaIrIIiHa, caÃ, IIrKoJIa, r<.,ry6,clono, nox.

5. Translatento Russian:Who is this? This is our son, small child Antony. What is your name?

(My name s) Alla. We are acquainted.What is this? This is our school. Here isour garden.There s our hôuse.This is our room.

6. Write Russianand Englishnames.7. Crossout superÍluous haracters o read he latent here words:

K___c c___o K_____a u__$ ru _a8. You want to describea houseor a room. What known Russianwords

wouldyou use?Write them.

9. Translate the words and write them down in the picture under thenumbers.

room(1)windows(2)house 3)garden 4)

10.Write new words n alphabeticalorder in the specialnotebook.



Ypoxuemeeomuú

I.esson4.YPOKqETBEPTbIIï

TheHardConsonant [p]

The Russianhard consonant ipl is produced by the vibration of thetongue which givesseries of taps against he front of palate. The tip of thetongue is not toumed backwardsunlike the English sound renderedby theletter "r" in the words reit", "right,'.

Ex. l. Read:

wpo mornmg6ptr brother

Ãpyr, friend croprtroÃpíra fumd (Í) xypìáÍmpí caviar

sportmaga1ine

Igro naur4pyr.

' l9m sa gpyr Maxc.

Ex. 2. Read he sentences. ake hese entencesnterrogative.

IEro nam 6par.

IOro nanrõpar Anron.

I9ro namarroÃpyra.

1Om saua lo,qpyraÁi.rna.

30



Vporc emeepnani

The Hard Consonant [q]

The sound [u] is a compiex sound, an affricate.At the beginning of thearticulationthe front part of the back of the tongue s pressedagainst he upperteeth. At the next moment the tongue is removed from the teeth forming anarrowing. These elements of the articulation immediately

follow each otherproducing one complex sound [q]. The consonant [q] resembles he Englishsound n "boots". The consonant q] is voicelessand hard in all positions.

Ex. 3. Read.

ua-qa-qaqo-qo-uoqy-uy-{yqü - qr - ün [q51]t lbr-qhl -ubrqe'qe - qe [u3]

rre [u3]

a| l -au-aqoq-o{-oqy[-yu-yqIrq-r |q-ml

9q-3q-eq

Ex. 4. Read the syllables,prononciation of [r], [c] and [a].

ca-Ta-qa€-T3-q9cbr-Tb|-qbl

TaHqbl

cqeHa

qnpKKOEqepTqelrrp

dancesstage

circusconcertcentre

* ;* t

words and the sentences.Differentiate the

M9ro ui6. Bm cuéxa.T!"r xoruépr.A rau rânuu.

Ex. 5. Pay attention to the intonation.

29ro bro?

1Oro poea.

3l



Vpoxvemeepmotú

2Kro ero?

I

Oro pu6a.

The Third IntonationalConstructionIK-3

LIK-3 is most vividly seen while expressing the question in theinterrogativesenteflceswithout an interrogativeword.

^

The pre-stressedpart is pronounced on the normal pitch. We begin topronounco the stressedpart on a higher pitch than tlìe unstressedone. Thisspecific feature of IIK-3 presents great diffrculty for foreignen. Within thecentreof IIK the pitch begins o fall. The post-stressedart is pronounced on alower pitch. The answer can be short or full. As we see n the full answer hocentre of.llK-l changesdependingon the centreof IIK-3 in the question.

gro no4pyna?,{a,sro troÀpyrtr.,{a, no4pyra. a.

The shifting of the cenrreof IIK-3 changeshe meaningof the questionand the centre of IIK-I in the answer:

3- Oro nag 6par?

I-,{a, ero nam6par. -.{a, ero nam6par.(Or: No, this is ourfriend) (Or: No, thisís myfriend's brouther)

Ex. 6. Read:

3r1la) 9ro 6par? {,a,.ero6par. {a, 6par.

gro apyr?.{a, ero Ãpyr.Àa, Ãpyr.Oro cux?.{a, ero cHx. [a, cun.

3t l6) 9ro ram 6par?.{a, 6par.

9ro sanrorn? .{a, cun.9ro ram Àpyr?Ãâ, Ãpyr.

3- gro .nanl6par? .

3l



Vpoxuemeepmuú

3B) Á'.IUIAÃOMa? ,la, A;lra gonra.

,{a, ona4oua.,{a,4oua.l l

Oua Ãarno ÃoMa?Ã4, pa;r;Ão.long ago, long since)311r) Brl 3traKolrbr? Ãa, MbrsxaKouhr.

3- 9ro ltrypa?

11- Ãa, IIIypa.

3- Ero llpa?

11

- !2, VIpt.

1gro IIIypa.

Names: IIIypavpa

(m) pet nameof Alexander(f) pet name of Irina

I9m I,Ipa.

Towns: Eparcr, Canrapxan4Riven: Arrapa, Arrryp

Ex. 7. Read he wordsand he dialogue, ayingattention o the intonation:pasnoBopôpvrtu

convenationfruít

Ão6poeyrpo! Goodmorning

2-,{o6poe yrpo!

22-,,[o6poeyrpo! ,{xyn, Bu yxe

3snarolìõr?

l l- ,[a, urr yxe gnaxouu.

11Dro IIIypa. 9ro IIpa.

122- A rm naü BaBïpar.,{xyn, rrogro?

Topr cake cbrp cheeseyrKe already motrcro milk

3aarpatr breakfast

Paororop

5 3rÍ!3 ]& l!59 JJ



Ipú[6a.9ro

I- Ãa.

22

- .{xon, a eroqro?112

- 9ro rxpa.A em cup.A sro sm?l1

- gro ropr. A ero Qpyrrrr.2

- Eparo, lxyr!1

- A eroroQe?11

- ,[a, ero rorfe. A BorMoJroKo.IIK-2 is usedwhileexpressinghe addressxclamation.he riseof the

pitch in thestressedart s vividlyexpressedere.

Homework

l. Write the Russian ames.

2. Divide thesenouns nto masculine, eminine, neutergenders:6par, cup,.rroÃplra, trt,rpK,{Kpa,ueuTp,crlena,paeronop,4p-rytcr, pu6a, Aurapa.

3. Transcribe:rIeHTp, bru,MoJroKo,r4pK, rponoM agronomist),rpo, Hox,rroÃpyra,Ãpyr, caÃ,uauto (butter\.

4. Answer he questions:

Kro sro? 9ro Baur6par?On arponou?

%% *,(4oWtri*(4e F gpp/U

p"4t4* %Vo ̂ ,ilW,

ctMfuM, /^rt, (4eH/nF,4t45n.

9^, G,,M.%nL tbiln. 97ú:

J+



5. Translate nto Russian:

- What is your name?- Max. And your?- John. Is this your friend?- Yes, this is my friend Ivan.

6. Write known to you Russianwords, meaning ood.7. Fill in the necessaÍy haracters o read ollowingwords:

M O.C D.M O.K E.T T

8. Translate the words and write them down in the oicture under thenumbers:

1) magazin2) knife3) fish

4) breakfast

9. Write new words n alphabeticalorder in the specialnotebook.

5*



Iesson5. yPOK ILflTbIIi

TheHard Consonant [x]

If you pronounce he sound [rl and then slightly rowerthe back of the

tonguekeeping t rounded, he sound[x] will beproduced.The Russiansound[x] is voiceless.

Ex. l. Read:3

Ka-xa-xa-âxrO-XO:XO-OXKy-xy-xy-yxKe-xe-xe-3x

Ex. 2. Read:

- TYrxo;roÃno?r1

- Ãa,ryr xonoÃtro.

3- 9ro xoporno?

1- 9m nroxo.

xonoÃHo cold

xopomó

IIJIOXO

well

bad

TheSoft Consonant [ü]

The Russian onsonant-ü] resembleshe English onsonantendered ythe letterY in the words yes', *yout, ,,youÌr.

tüI

" uoftuoü

my(m)30nT

your (m)SOHT

rsoürnoü

Yaü-aü



Vpoxnnnotú

Ãafi

ar -aÁ

- gro uoü ÀpyrMaKc.

- 9ro. uoü 6par Arron.

t"1Mofi - Moí

t"l.TBOü . TBOII

ny (síng.,pl.)

your (sing.,pl.)

3- Dto rroü 6par?

11- Ãa, ero noü6parArrox.

The letter ü at lhe end of the syllable enoteshe feeble ound z].

Exercises

l. Give he questions IO OTO? and9TO 9TO?a) ero Mocroa. Oro qenrp. Oro qupr. Oro 6par. 9ro rcyr. 9ro a norar.6) 3ro uaur uou.9ro HarraKoMHara. ro uorï 6par Caura.A gro Maura.

2. Give he plural of the words:

KOMHaTA, CTOJT,CTAKaH,àrypHaJI, JIAMITa, BA3A, pO3A, 3OHT,MÍUIIIIHA, CIIeHA, arpOHOM, TOpT, IIIKOJIa, A ISOKAT,KOHrIepT.

3. PurMOIï - MOÍI. TBOü - TBOII before he words:

... 6par, ... x(ypH.urbr,.. po3br, ..Ãpl.T,..ÃoM,

... cTaKaH,.. 3aBTpaK,., gxaKaHbr,.. Hox, .,. HoxI4,

... MÍuIÉIru,.. MallblunÍ,...MarÌrlr{Hbr,...rxa(!, .. ror.

4. Put OH, OIIA or OHO:

Oro nana. ... ÃoMa.9ro rvrorï plr IIIypa. ... aÃBoKar.9ro naura [oÃpyra l'Ipa. ... 4orr.la.Bo:r naur Hox. ... T5.r.Bor raura Jro)KKa. .. Tvr.

ÃoMóü home

JI



L,ettersÃ, e, ro,eThe vowel letters s, ë, rc, e are pronounced n two ways:l. As the names of these letters, in the separate position, at the

beginningof a word, after a vowel and after the letters:", "

th" letters , ë, ro,e denotetwo sounds: ü] and the corresponding owel

[üa], [üo], tftyl, Iüel.

'

2. The stressedl, ë, tro,e following a consonaÍrtare pronouncád ãs [a1,[o], [y], [e] respectively,but the precedingsoft consonant ãnds them u ,p""ioísoft quality. Don't pronouncethe consonant ü] in thesesyllables!

Ex . 3. Read:

a) 4 é, to, e [üa], [fio], [üyì, [ügl n) nror [unüa] my (mine)_ femininen - I (me) nroë [unüo] - neuter

6) r6.roxo apple TBofl your - femininer eM I eat rr;oë (yours) _ neuterëlxa New Tear tree

IOpa Yura

The letter ë denotes alwaysthe stressedsyllable.2

r) - {aü nãxr,noxaryücra! a) - Ãaü,,noxaryücra,bno*ot

- Iloxanyücra !Giveme theknife,please!

- Iloxalyicm!Giveme the apple,please!

Possessiveronouns anll 2 personsSingular

PersonalPronounce

Possessiveronouns

Masculine Feminine

TBoücron TBO-Í JIAMtrA TBOE OKHO

NeuterSingular

Ã

Tbt

fl

Tbl

PluralMOI| NAMII T

TBOI| JIAMtrbI

MOrr cToJtblTBOII CTOJIbI

MOI| Ot(ItaTBOII OIüIA

- . - Th" possessiveronouns ake the genderand number of the nounswhich they quality.ThepronounsMorr,Tlor are used or prurarof all genders

Ex. 4. Read hesewords:uoü lana

uoü cunrnoü õparrroü 4pyr

MOÍ MAMA

MOrtrOÃpyra

TBO' Jtoìfl(aTBO' KOMHATA

MOE OKHO - MOII OKHA

38

TBOe OKHO TBOrrOtrüa



Ex. 5. Read he sentences,ayindattention o IlK-l and IIK-2:

22- Km sro?

I- Om Moücuu.

a) - 9ro rnoü cun?1111

-,{a, ero uoü cnn.,[a, cull.3

- gro rrofi,upyr?1r

-,{a, eto uoü 4pyr.2

- Km rBoüÃpyr?I- 0u arponou. (agronomist)

2n) - A;ua, KToero?

1- 9ro lror troÃpyra.

2- Kar eë zonyr?Wat is hername?

I- Eë soryr VIpa. Her name s lra.

3- llpa acrpoxonr?astronomer)

l l- Ãa, IIpa acr?onoM.

Ex. 7. Read he dialogue.

r cJry|llaro I am listeningq rrgy Ãoruoü I am going homerx(ry I am waiting

Name: Iopa

Towns: 6yxapa,Êary,Ítna

Rivers: ,{ynaü(Dunabe)

- I[m sm?I

- 9ro moü soET.

Ex. 6. Read,payingattention o the intonation.322

6) - [Ipa, xro em?I

- 9ro uoü 6par.2

- Kax ero soryr?What s his name

I

- Ero roryr IOpa.His names Yura.

3r) - K)pa arpouonr?

11- Ãa, trOpa rpoxoM.

z)

4) - Marc, Bu arpoxou?t

- .f, arpouou. 3e) - IIIypa, Bu aruoxar?

1l- Àa, aÃroxar. (advocate)

Paseoaop.Maua u Mawa.- Arr'rro!

t l

- Ãa, s cJryrüalo.2l- Marra, sto x.

I

-Ea,Ãa.

11

- Marr,ra, lrÃy Ãotuoü.11

- Xoporuo,Maua, r >r,4y.

39



The Hard StemAdjectives.Whatkind of... xaxoü,xaxar, xaxoe)Singular

masculinexaxoü?

femininexaxar?

neutefKaxoe?

xoshrü -rrü

6o.mnroü -oü

HOEaÍ -aÃ

6orlnraq -àfl.

HOBOE -oe

urJrbmoe -oe. noruü ypox6olrnroü aou

HOBAÍ OYI(BA

OOJIb|ÍAÍ KOMHATA

HOBOe C,IOBO

ooJlbtt|oe o|(Iro

1. Kaxoüoro xrypnan?9ro nonuü xypflan.Kaxaqero nauna?9ro nogax auna.Karoe ero cloro?

gto noroe groro.2. KaxoüTaMMosr?

Talr nonnüuocr.Kaxax au naMna?Talr noras rauna.Kaxoe au oxxo?Tam6olrmoe oxno.

a) 9ro 6ommar KoMEara.It is a large room.Eo,rrmax KoMHara aM.The large room k there.

QuestionandAnswers

llhat kind of magafines this?This s a newmagaline.Wat kind of lamp s this?This s a new amp.Wat kind of word s this?

This s a new word.Wat bridges thereThere s a new bidge.What amp s thereThere s a new amp.Whatwindow s thereThere s a largewindow.

6) Koruxara o.trmar.The oom s large.Mor xouna.ra o,rrmas.My room s large.

An adjectiveanswershe questionxaroü, xaxal, xaxoe ,,what?,,. ,whatkind of ...?", which agreewith the noun that it quaiifies n gender,number arrdcase. n the nominative singular

masculineadjectiveshavean unst;essedendins-uü or a stressed nding -oü:nonuü Àom _ 6ollmoü ÃoMHoBêg yn[qa - 6omüaq yr[{aHoBOqoxrro - 6onrntoe oxno

In the masculineadjectivesafter the hard consonantsE, x the stressedending -oü and unstressedending -nü are written as: 6o*moü - xopo'ruü.The neuter adjectivestake the endings -oe and -ee: 6oannoe - *opo,ua..Feminine adjectiveshave the ending -ar: 6ommac - xopolrrafl.

FunctionsofAdjectivesn a SentenceIn the sentencethe adjective may be used as an attribute (a) or a

predicate(6). An adjectiveusedas an attributeusuallystandsbeforethe noun itqualifies:

40



Pay attention to the omissionof the equivalentof the Englishverb "tobe" in the presentense.

Ex. 8. Read the sentences,paying attention to the gender of theadjectives.

9ro 6orruras crpana (counlry). 9ro 6o.ururoü ropo4. (town) 9ro

nonrrfi ropog. Ero craprú ropoÃ. Oro HoBas nKoJra.Oto crapa,rruKoJra. ro 6omruoü 4oIra.9ro craprrü Ãou' Oro nonrrü Ãolr. 9ro6omrua,s KoMHara.Dro 6olruróe orcro. 9ro 6olluroü crol. 9roHoBaJIraMna. ro nosrrü xlpnan. Ero 6olsuroü craKau.

Ex. 9. Answer he questions.

Karas gro crparla?Kaxorï sro ropol? Karax 3ro ülKgra? Karoü sro

Ãoilr?Karas sro roMnara?Kaxoeero orno? Karoü sro ctor? KaxaÍ9To aMna?Karoü ero )KypHan? axoü gro craKau?

Ex. 10. Make he sentencesnterrogative sing hesewords.Modelex.9:

caÃ, Mocr,cJroBo, opr,16:roro, MaIITI'IHa,rxa$, urxola.Ex. 11.Read he sentences.ut the questions ndanswer y model.

Model:- Kro ero?- 9ro uoütHoBbIü pyr.- Kar ero 3oByr? Ero sonYr OPa.

- 9ro IraoüÃpyr IIIypa. Oro uos no,qpyra4pa.

Homework

l. Define he genderof nouns:16roro, apyr,ënra,MoJroKo,opr, cnoBo,Opa,6par,Hox' BoÃa'

2. Replacehe words HAIII, BAItr by the words NfOü, fSOü:

Balua KoMHaTa, HaIII ÃOM,Ha[ra Ma[I]IHa' BaÌII Ãpyr, BalIIe cnoBo.

3. Put the questions orrespondingo theseanswers:

i, fl,n, f*, 6ë,,ffi*, Nqrxr@,t^//a&o,

çon*, i1.,úfla,.'fl "* "t"r*. 'fl ugg ga"rcü.9*o -ilnü{/*r* 8* N'y* ,7CV-

6 3!sa. l$ 1959 4l



9ro Dros loÃpyra.Eë eonyrMa:ua.gro rr.roü{pyr. Ero :onyr IOpa.4. Make plural:

HaIIr caÃ,Moü xypnar, BarrraKoMlrara,Ttsoëolcro, BaIIrecJroBo.5. Transcribe:

XoJIO.$IO, XOpOIIIo, KoMrIATa, fiOÃpyra, JIoXKâ, CaÃ,MonoKo, Ãp]h.6. Translatento Russian:

a) This s Moscow.This s a centre I amgoinghome.Tnis is my houseThesearemy windows.This s my room.6) This is our school.This is our classroom.what is this? This is ourtable.who is this? This is my friend. what is his name?His name is sastra.Who is this?This is my friend. What is her name?Her name s Ira.

7. Fill in the necessaryharacterso readfollowingwords:X*----o, x-__. o, M_ -__a, c___o.

8' Translatehe wordsandwrite them down in the picture underthe numbers:

1) friend (f)2) friend (m)3) agronomist4) advocate

9. Write new words in alphabetical order in the special notebook.



Lesson . YPOK IIIECTOIï

TheSoftConsonants6'], [n'1, n'1, Ô'1, nr'], n'1, r'], h'l

In the syllables Ha, Tar Àar 64, na, na, $a, ua the consonalÌtsare hard.

In the syllable wÃ,TÃ,M, 6fl, 1Ã, niÃ,Sr, rux he consonantsare soft.When pronouncing hard consonantsthe back part of the tongue isdrawn back and raiseas for the vowel [u]. That is why we can say that Russianhard consonants have "H" - like hue. Soft consonants differ from hardconsonants n pronunciation by some additional articulation: the middle part ofthe tongue is raised o the palate and the whole tongue is a bit protruded.Aftersoft consonantswe write letters r, ë, rc, e, n, and r. The tip of the tongue islowered. In transcription the softness s denotedby ['].

na [ua] rur [u'a]rrro mo] - uë [u'o]

My Ì'íy] - uro [u'y]ue [me] - ue [u'e]ruu [nru] - ntr [nr'u]

hardconsonants u 6 n n 0ar H 3 c n p l< x x( |nq

soft consonants M'6'[tBtQtÃtT'H'3'c',ï'p'K'f'x' - - -üq ' l l '

Ex. 1. ListenJ compare the pronunciation of the hard and softconsonants.

a) xa - nr, Ta - Ty',Ãa. M, 6a - 6s, Irâ - trr, Ba - BÍ,0a - ôs, Ma - Mr, 3a - 3r, ca - cr, pa - pÍ, Jra- Jrr.

6) rur - fin, Tbr- Tn, Ãu - Àn, 6u - 6n, nu - trn, Bbr Bn,0n - Õn, Mbr Mn,3br- 3n, cbr - crl, pbr - prl, Jrbr JrH.

Ex. 2. Read. Watch the position of the tongue, when pronouncing thesoft consonants.

I I ' -HE-Hrc-HE-HIIrr- ' rë-Tn-Te-Trlln-r;é-Ãro-Ãe-ÃnHET NO

He not

KHITA

TearpÃeTrlcTyÃerffcïyÀelrrKa

booktheatrechildrenstudent (m)student (fl

they

43



Ex. 3. Readthesedialogues,paying attention to the intonatron.

3a) - 9ro xnnna?

l1- Hel, sto He <Hrrra.

l l9ro rrypnal.A ror xrura.

3- gro Bauaxlrura?

1t- [,a, uor.

6) - IIIypa, Bu mylenr?l1

- Ãt, s cryÃenr.3

- Ílpa cryaenrxa?11

- [a, oxa roxe cryÃeHTK. (r6xe _ atso)

TheNegative nswerso theeuestionwithI{K_3

The . negative partic]e "HE' ìs unstressed and is attached inpronunciation to the word which follows it.

a) - 9ro rotua?- Het, ero Hexnura.

õ) - On cryÃerÍr?'- H9r, on HecryÃenT.

Ox yxe a,lr3oxar.a) - gro rreBaruaxmtra, a Mos.r) - 9ro neÀpyr, a 6par.

Is this a book?No, this is noí a book. (No, it is not).Is he a sÍudent?No, he is not a síudent.He is an advocatealreatlv-This s not your book. It-ismine.This is not afriend, but a brother.

_.2 No, it is not ...HET

' \ yes, ..- 9ro xypnalr?- Her.- Hm, ero HexryprraJt.- 3ro uexrypHaJr?

Is it a magazineNo, ü isnl.No, it isn'ta magaTine.Isn't it a magazineY:tf! it a magaline. (yes, it ilJ.

44



Vpox u.ecmoú

Ihe Letter "r"

The ietter r (soft sign) indicates he softnessof the precedingconsonant. In thetranscriptionthe softnessof the consonant s denoted by ['].

6par a brother 6parr Ío take MacJro a butter trrcbMo a letler,

After the consonantsbefore the letters Í, ë, ro, e, rl the soft signsshows that the preceding coirsonant is soft and these vowel letters arepronouncedas wo sounds: üa], [üo], [ry], [fte] and [üu].

MbÍ [m'üa] rurë [m'fio] urro [m'fty] nte [nr"üe] urn [u'ür]

Pay attention tox. 4. Differentiate the consonants n these syllables.the oronunciation of the svllables c - Tbr.

ar - arb [ar'l

or - orb [or'l

yr - yÌb [yr']

gr - grb [er']

lr - nrb [nr']

Ta - Tt - TIit - TbÍ

[ra] ['r'a] [r'nüa] [r'üa]To - rë - rrrë - rrë[ro] [r'o] [r'uüo] [r'üo]Ty - Tto - Tnrc - Tbro

tryl [r'y] [r'dy] [r'üy]T3 -Te - TI |e - Tbe

lrsl [r's] [r'nüs] [r'üe]Tbr - Tlt - THn - Tbtl

[rn] ['r'xì [r'nu] [r'ün]In pre-stressedsyllables he lettea I, e &Íe pronounced as the sound

resemblingboth [n] and [e], In transcription t is denoted ['n].

re.re$ón [r'n",r'rSoí]cecrpá [c'xcr:pálceurí [c'un'üá]

a telephonea sisterafamily

,qpcqrb [À'óc'nr'] ten

In the post-stress yllables s" is read as [rl, a very short soundresemblinghe soundsa] and [u].

rërr ar ' . 'n lMM [a'ú'rì

Ex. 5. Read these words. Nouns which ending is "b" may be euther

mascuüneor feminine. Their gendermust be memoúe d.

an aunt' an uncle

masculine feminine

a dayÃenr! Good

a copy-booka mother

TerpaÃbeHb

MATb

45



cBaÃb6a wedding)BaÃb0a wedding) mars (mother), Terra children),oreg (father), cenw (family)

Ex. 6. Readthe sentences aying attention to the intonation.2l

- KaxBacsonyr? Menr ronyr Tarrsxa.2t l

Kro ero? 9ro uox marn. ro moüoreq.3113r

- Oro Bamuenr? -,{a, ero MonÃern.Hnxo.laü Baanu.311

- Oro Bam 6par? - Her, 9ro MoücllH.2

-.4 rro ero?31

- 9ro uor rêlx (aunt) t uoít nnls funcle).

3- 9ro rama cegma?ll l

- .{a, cecrpa.Eê ooryr Huna.

Y nac Ãr 6par? Haveyou gor a brother?1l

.{a, y nrexrecrl õpar. yes, have.I

Ero roryr Baarru. IIis name is Vadim.3

V re6r esrb cecrpa? Have ougota sister?l l

.{a, y nenr ecrb cecrpa. yes, I have.I

Eë soryr H[üa. Her name s Nina.

46



q sHaro [üa 3Hary]Tbrgnaeüb [rn snarnru']OH\

) snaer [snanrr ]olz /oHo

Vpox u'recmoü

The Verbs. The TensesofYerbs

Russianverbs have he pressnt ense, he past tense and the future tense.Russian verbs belong to one of two principal conjugations: the first "e"-conjugation and the second "tt"-conjugation. The veús of first "e"-conjugationtake on the letter "e" in the present ense endings -y (-ro), -erul,

-er, -eM, -ere, -yr(-ror:). The verbs of second "u"-conjugation take on theIetter n" in the presentenseendings: y(-rc), -[rrlb, -nr, -nM, - Te, -ar(-ar).Many Russian st conjugation erbsareconjugated n thepatternof 3HATb (toknow); for ex. IEIIATb (to do), PAEOTATb (to work). Many Russian 2ndconjugationverts are conjugatedon the pattem of IOBOPIITb. It is neceSsaryto remember the pattem of the every verb, because the 1st and 2ndconjugations have many pattems: 3HATb, IIIICATb (to write), EPATb (totake), TAHIIEBATb (to dance), ÃABATb (to give) are the verLrs of lstconjugation,but they have many features.

The present ense of the Russianverb cortesponds o the English PresontIndefnite, PresentContinuos and PresentPerfect.

The Conjugation of the Verb SHATb (to know'1.The PresentTense

MbrBHaeM [nrtr snalunr]Bbr3naere [mr snalnrn]ourrgHarcT [oH'n ruanyr]

In the unstressed yÌlablesafter vouwel the letters ro and e are [uy] and[{nl

Ex. 7. Read lÌese entences.3

1) - Bu snaere,l1

- Ãa, q 3rraro, ro ero, 9r:o Bla4lunp.l l l

(fla, snarc.9ro Blaanrunp.)3232

2) - Bu He3naere, ro sro? (Tu xe eiraem, xro ero?)11

- 3uan, ero B.la4nunp.3232

3) - Bu glaere, rro on?(Tu rHaenrn,ro oH?)11

- 3Haro, B,nagunrup )t(ypxanncr.3232

4) - Bu He3uaere, ro oN? Tu ne snaeml,xro ox?)11

- 3xaro. 0n xypna,rucr.

KTo gro? (Tu rnaeun, xro eto?)I

47



Ex. 8. Readandcomparehese entences.l1

l) .fl uraro,KToero. 9ro Bnaanrunplnanon.31

Í rnaro, / rro sm Bna4nnrupIsaHor.1t

Í tnaro, Kro oH.Ou rrypnamrcr.3t

.fl snaro, / vro Baagunnrpxïpn:urncr.1t

2) fl, waro,Kroero. gro umenep.31

.fl snarc, / rm ero ffixenep.l1

.Í suarc,KaKero ronyr. Ero soryr Hrxolaü.31

Í snarc, vro ero soryr Hnxo;raü.l1Í snalo,KaKem Sarun.nnr. ro eaunnnr llsanon.

31.fl Buaro, uro ero eanmnnx lrauon.

Imperativeof the verbs

Singular plural

Ãaü! give! 4aüre! swe!sgpancrnyü!how doyou do! qgpaBcrlyine! howdoyou do!

usrusrl! excuse! ngrunure! excuse!cxaxcr.! Íell! say! cxarxnre! tull!say!soir'Ãri! camen! noüame! comen!

Ex. 9. Read hese entences,aylngattention o the intonation.321

a) - .{aüre_rrme,oxa;ryücra,rrJDHar ,MocKBa"!- Iloxanyücm!I

- Cnacu6o.Thanlcs)2211

6) - Cxaxnre, noxa.tyücra, rÀeMeryo? Merpo rau. - Cnacn6o.3311

- Ilsnmnre, noxalryficra, sro Baurar<rnra? .{a, uor.

Names: Tamrna (D flerp (m)

%Tt,gl,u, rn,6a,-,u^n,ru, *., 6ë, r", vtn, tLeo,9T**o*,9(a

48



Vponuecmoú

Homework

l. Transcribe:

lralra,rëu, Tarraua, flërp, cnopr,4aüre, noü1ure.

2. Select he nounsaccording heir masculine, eminine or neutregender:

xypHÍur, cTaTbr, ÃqÃq, MeTpo, KHI,Ira, ceMbt, rloÃpyra.

3. Givethe pluralof the words:

rërR,xouuara, cror, Maut4Ha, apra,Tearp.

4. Put MOü or MO.ÍIbefore he words:

KoMHara,eMÉr,ÃoM,Kuura,crarbq(article),Marb,TerpaÃb, reu.

5. Here is the dialogueof the two persons.Put their replics n order:

- Ãa,s 3Haro, ro gro. - Ero sonyr Opa. Oro cry4enr.- Trr ne 3HaeÌIIr,,ro ero? - Ero cry4eur?- Kar ero sonyr?

6. Crossout superfuouseharacters o read he latent herewords:

rÃIotMarbÃo.ãBorerrcevrsë6parebrÃerIrIoBHMCeCTpayC

7. Fill in the necessaryharacterso read ollowingwords:

T_..-9, C ___f l, O__q, c_____T, T_____b.

8.Write new words n alphabeticalorder in the specialnotebook.

7 3rs.r lÊ 1959



Vporc eòuaoú

Lesson . YPOK CEÃbMOIï

The Soft Consonantir,]

In order to prorÌounce [.t'] one should raise the middle part of the

tongu€ very high to the palate as..forsounds[ü] or [u]. Wfren fistening; tlúsound you find it more soft than ,,European',l/1.

Ex. l. Readthe syllablesand compare he sounds .1] and [,r,]:Jra- JIr, .no- lë, ny _ Jrrc, Jr9_ Jte, rbt _ Jrtr,Íur - aJrb, oJt _ oJIb, yn _ ynb, ruI _ [Jrb, 3Jt_ gjrb

Ex. 2. Readthe syllablesand words.

a - Jrfl - JrÃ Jta _ JrÍ _ Jtb,; re - le - lë lo _.në _ lnë

Jrm - JI|O - JI|O JIy _ nrc _ nbroJIe - J|e - JIe Jt9 _ Jte _ JrbeJIII - JIII . JIII TbI - JITI

aJrb _ oJIb _ ynb _ enb - l|nb

crolíqa capÌÍal

ynIa SÚCCT

Ilerep6ypn petersburg2

.rfrooxTr, to like, to love

r .mo6.r6 I hke,I love

The Conjugation f theverbsJIIOEI,ITb.he presentTense

n no6ttÁ nru .nó6rnrt"r oó6um" nu .ró6nre

Accusative

![ro Bu .uo6ure?.fl ;rrc6;uoearp.

;ffÈ'ou"' o'n ,ró6qrInanimate masculine and neuter nouns take the sameendrngs n theaccusative s n the nomiDative.

Nominative

9ro ero?9ro rearp.

50



The AccusativeDenoting he Direct Objectof Nouns nanimateMasculineand Neuter

9ro Bu .rrc6ure?Í ,nro6.nroearp Ir KnHo.

Ex. 3. Read these sentences, aying attention to the intonation.

2a) - 9ro Bu .nro6nreÃe.narn?

I- Í nro6,rro err. (sins)

I- Í ,rn6arorarüegaïb. (dance)

I- Í .uo6rno ynrrb. (watk)

3

õ) - Bu no6nre rearp?1- Jln6.nn.

3- Bu .nro6n're nopr?

I- Jlrc6.mo.

n) - .fl suarc,qro BH .mo6rre treTb, Tealp,TaHUeBâTb, KIlHo,IyJlÍTl,r CtrOpT.

TheSoft Consonantp'1Ex. 4. Read these syllables,words and dialogs.

repeat!repeat!Paris

rpro - pn - prl 6.namgaproac thankyourfpb spb anepr(f.) a door

clronápnm.) a dictionary

3- V Bac ecrl c,lorapr?

11- .{a, ecrn.

3- .{aüre une, noxa4yücra,clorapr!

I- lloxaryücm!

I- Eraro4aproBac!

Il'hat do you like?I like theatre and cinema.

rpn - pr - pr nonropí!trorropíTe!IIapíx

5l



orKpoü!

orKpóüre!

3aKpóü!saKpófire!

3open!- Orrpoirre,noxa.ryücra, xno!

Iopen! - Iloxa;ryücra!

I- D.raro.qaprc

31clgse!- Saxpoüre,noxa.ryÍcra, alepr! Tyr xonoÃxo.close! I

- Iloxaryücra.t

- Cnagr6o.

OH

oHaoHo

The PrepositionalDenotingplace.The euestion ÃE?(where?)

answero the question$E? (where) adverbs f placeTyT, TAM,ÃgMA or.nouns n the prepositional ase /ith the prepositìonB

".iIA(i;;at) areused:

Iae ÍInan? }[nanÃoua. Were is lvan? van is at home.fae

r<nsërú[ran? on runèr rau. wheredaes van ríve?He rives here.Iae xnnër Anxa?Onaxornërn Mocxre. Ann livesn Moscow.Iae onu?Ouri r rearpe. Theyareat the heatrenow.

The Endingsof the Prepositional ingular

TheConjugationf theVerbXnrr (to tve).Question {E? (where?)

Ex. 5. Read he wordsandsentences.eam his verb.

r xüByru xnnêmr

- Ige nu ìornëre? - I.qeox xarrër?- Í xrry ryr. - 0n xnnèr rau.

ThePrepositional f Nouns.

)KI,ITb.PresentTense

nu xnnëuru rcrrëre

ìorsër oru:nrnir

52



Vpoxceòunoú

n€ïEP6VPf

Ex. 6. Read those exts,paying attention to the prepositionalof nouns.

13 11a) Bor Mocxna.MocKBa croJrrrqaoccuu. nor: lerep6ypr.111

6) Í xlny B lerep6ypre, ro narua nnla.Bor narrÃoM.I

.f, mo6no llerep6ypr.11

r) A r rorny n Tarmrue..fl roxe nro6ntoHa[ ropoÃ.

New words: Poccírr-Russra íopot town

Ex. 7. Read hesedialogues, ayingattention to úe intonation.3

a) Bu xxnëre r Mocrre?1l

- Her, r llerep6ypne.3

6) - Bu 4arno rarnëre n llerep6ypre ? òaon6 for a longtímel l

- Her, uegalno. òaeno neòôeuo not long ago

TheSoft Consonant c'], [c']Ex. 8. Compare he pronunciationof the hard and soft consonants:

ca- cÍ - cbt 3a-3t - 3btco- cë crë so-cë - srëcy - c|()- cbro 3y - 3t(,- 3broce - ce - cbe ze -'le -!rccbr - cI| - cbH 3bt - 3lt - 3brrac - acbyc - ycb

MaxcínrPoccírs Russia

masculineame

a universitya mweuma newspaperfriends

yHr|Bepcl|TgruyróüraSeraÃpy3bt

53



- Tanruyeef,.

Ex. 9. Readthe dialogues.

2Za) - Cxarure, norr&[yücra,.rrogro?

I- MfY (eurey).

3- Ilorropnre, uoxa.ryf,c.ra!

1- gro nampüBepcf,Ter.

gro MfV.

I- E aroaapro.

- Her, sro nocrxlüqa ,,poccmo.3

- l[srnxnre, troxanyücra.I- lfoxa.nyüqa.

New word: rocrnrulqa a hotel

New word:Mfy _ abibr.or Moscow tate íniversity

236) - Cxaecme,roxalyücra,9To ocrnrm[a,,Mocxra"?

11

\^



Ex. 10, Readthe dialogues,payingattention to the intonational centreof I4K.

22- Maxcnu, rÀeBrl pa6oraere?

l2- Ha sasoÃe,A r4e Bu pa6oraere' {lror?

I-.f mxe pa6omto a saBoÃe.3

- Bu nmrenep?1

-.lla.I

-.fl roxe xEKeHep.

New words: saíor, aplant na caró,4e t aplant pa6óram- to work

a) Turn this dialogue nto the text. Model:Menr eonfr Maxcnu. fl mny r Mocxró. Í pa6orarona garóÃe.

.f, umendp.

6) Answer he questions,using he dialogue"a" :

Jlxon mnúr r JlouÃoxe? llÃon m6nr Jlouaon?.{xon pa6óraet naganóae?A on nmenóp? ,,ll;ronn Maxcnu cuaróMu?Ãxon n MaxgrM Ãasnognaxónrn?Marcru typnct? (rypncr - a touristl Marcru xnrür n JloqÃone?Marunu mrrêr r Lnarro? fÃe lmsër Marorru? Maxcnu xypna.nucr?Marcnu pa6ó,raern rasére? Ine pa6óraer Marcuu? Maruru ,urpértop?(arperrop - a director,a manager)

Ex. 11.Read he sentences,ayingattention o the intonationalcentreof lIK.

- V Bac ecm 6par? - Ã4, y uem ecrr 6Par.- V Bac ecrr cecrpa?- Her.- V Bac ecrr ,qpysrr? ,{a, ecrr.- V Bac ecrbrasera"[paBAatt? - ,{a, ecm.- V Bac ecrb rrypna:r

"Mocxla"?- ,[a, ecrr.

Complete he dialogues.

- Kax eë roryr? - ...- ,{aüre, noxaJryücra?)ryPnalr. ...- Kar ero ouyr? .. .- ... - Oro ttúrp n Hrmo.naü.- ... - Bor, noxa.nyücra,BoSbMIrre.nosrwo r,ossttwrcl ake!)

55



Ex. 13.Read he text.Answer he questions. peak boutyourself.

Mos ceubs

Merr sonyr Marcnn. .[ nnxenep.Hama ceurr rcrsër n Mocree.3131 3l

Mor uaru - 6no;ror.Moü oreq - Qusnx.V uexr ecm 6par rl cecrpa.IOrn cryaenru.

New words: trffieEep an engmeerSnsnr a physicist0IIOJIOT a brctogtst

pa6ora-rb*l-pa6ora,n (pa6marr towork)-Tb *r - xuJt (wnr - to live\

6rr-r * .r - 6ru (6wrs- tobesingularmasculine I on (r, ru) 6rur, nul, pa6oralfeminine I ona (r, trr) 6una, lcr.rra,pa6ora.raneuter I ono 6rr,lo, rcuo, pa6ora;ro

Of,II I MÉI. BhI

Past Tenseverbsnumber.

l.) Kar Bac eonfr? 2) Kro Bn? 3) fae mnëtt Bima cenrrí? 4) Bauauarr - a{noxár? 5) Bam orêq - uIurenêp?6) V Bac ecm 6par? 7) V Bacecm cecrpâ?8) Bam 6par - cryaénr? 9) Bauracecrpá- cryÀénrra?

The Conjugationof the Verb pAEoTATb Ío work\

The Present enser px66ruo nrrr pa6óraerurbr pa6óraemn Bbr pa6Írraere

:i"\ Daoóraerono -/

onr pa6ríralor

Imperativepa6orafi! pa6oraüre

. ThePastTense fthe VerbThe past Tense of Russianverbsexpressesction which took place in

the past (and doesnot continueat present).There s only one form of the pasttense n Russian.The Engüsh counterpartsof the Russianpast tenseare thePast ndefÌnite, the PastContinuous, he PresentPerfectandthe past perfect:

agree with

56

subject of the sentençe gender and



Vporc eòauoü

Ex. 14.Read his ext.Answerhequestions.

31313Mu mnn B lerep6yprc.Moü oreqpa6oranna BaBoÃe. or uarr

l1

pa6om;ra Mylee. pa6orarB [rxoJre.l) Iae Bu mrn?2) Irc pa6omaBamoreq?3) I,qepa6oranaBaurauarr?4) I,qe Bn pa6ora;rn?

The Verb EhITb (to óe) n the Present and Past Tense

The verb EhITb is not usedin the present ense

In the past ense he verb EhITbchanges or number andgender

Marr aoua.Crrn s mxore..llefl s rearDe.

Mam 6uira aoua.Cnn 6nn B rtrKoJre.,lleru 6u.nnB Tearoe.

Ex. 15. Read the dialogues.Pay attention to the translationof thequestion ÃE BbI BbUII{? in English.

a) - Fne Bu 6u.uu? 6) - Iae Bu 6urn?- Mu 6u;rnaoua.

r) - IÃe Bu 6u.nn?

- Mrr 6urn B rearpe.

- f l6u.nBqelrrpe.

r) - Brr 6ulu n rearpe?

- Her, r uylee.Ex.16. Read hesewords and dialogues.Make up the dialogues sing

thesewordsandphrases.

xena a wfe xenár married(for man)Wr{ husband sánryxeru married(for woman)

nn xenáru nrr oánryxeu233

a) - An4peü, rrr xesar? r) - Bn xenaru, Bo.no4x?11 11

-.{a, I xenar. - Her, r He xenar,23236) - Bepa, rll sau)'xeu? r) * Kar.r, Bu saul'xeÌu?

11 11- Ãa, t 3aryrxeM. - Her, r ne gauJrrreM.

Ex. 17. Read he texts. Answer he questionsabout the texts.Retell thesetexts.

l l t la) 9ro uoü Ãpyr.Ero soryr l{ropr. On xeuar. On unxenep n pa6oraer

Itra 3aBoÃe.

8 3!x!. ,Ê 1959



Vporc eòauoü

--.- Kro 3TO?

-^^1- KaKeno3oB)"r?

CKNKI,ITE, --ì.- oHxe'ar?-t-- on pa6oraer Ha 3aBoÃe?

13 I 1 3

6) 9ro uou ÃpysbÍ, llropr u llpuua. Onn Ãannoxenarbr. ÍIropr u llpnna13 I 3 1xrrByr B Mocme. Ilropr pa6oraerHasaBoÃe.{[naMo". Ilpuna - npar.

IOua pa6oraerB6onbrnqe. 6urrunqa a hospital)22233ÍImpr, cxa:mre, Kro gro? 9ro Bam cun? On pa6orâer?

33Ox crygeur? On cryaenr MfV?

Ílecw. - song

flycrr ncerga6Íaer có.nuqe!flycrr, ncerga6Íaer ué6o!flyct, rcerga 6Íaer rrlárraa!flycrr, ncerga6!'4yxl

ffi--â++

ffia.

ffi

New words:

nycrr 6yger let beBcerÃa alwa2sconnue sun, sunlighHe6o slcy

hoverbsand idioms

Ceur par oruepb - oÃrrnpiürorpexb.Measure evenimescut once score wicebefore ou cut oncelI Mocnnanecpâ3y rponnacb.Moscowwas not built all of a sudden Romewas not built in a day)

Read quíckly:

Ha .qnope panâ. There s grassín the yard.Ha ryane aporâ. Tkere isfire wood on the grass.He py6ü ,qporâ. Don't hash he ire wood.Ha rpare apopâ. On thegrassofthe yard.

58



Vpox ceòtuoü

Homework

L Writethe genderof the nouns:

croJrr{qa,My3eü,yrr,rqa, ocrl,rHl,Íua, KHo,Tearp,ÃBepb, ïyÃeHT,JIoxKa, Tatuua, ÃgÃ9, MoJroKo, orell, MarË.

2. Put n possessiveronouns:

Marb,orerl, rérn, 4s5n,6par, crnr.

3. Answer hesequestionsusing he words,given n brackets.

1) lae Bu xornëre? Ilerepõypr) 2) Ile xr,rsër Baur orerl? (ly6na)3) lae xcrnër Baur pyr? (Ilaprx) 4) I4e Bu 6ruu? (uysefi)5) lae 6ulu 4eru? (ruxo.na) ) Iae 6rr,raA.rura?rrryseü)7) lae 6ul IIIypa?(ytrunepcurer) ) l4e 6ruu Anna ra 4nax? rearp)9) f.qe 6rÌrraaeru?(ulrpx) 10) ae pa6orarorBauu 4pysrx? ganoa)

4. Transcribe:croJr, roJrr{qa, :rro6:no, Hr.{Bepcrrrer,ryseü,cnacu6o,Annpeü.

5. TranslatentoRussian:

- Goodafternoon,Alla!- Good afternoon, Andrey!- Where wereyou, Alla!- I was n the centre.'- Wereyou at the theatre?

- No, I wasat the museum.6. Insertnecessaryetters, ead hewords.

y________ r c_____a M__ p

7. Translate he words andwrite them under appropriatenumbers.

l) Moscow,museum2) hotel3) capital4) cafe5) university

6) school

8* 59



8. Here is the-dialogueof two persons.put the replausn order.- Ãa, s xeuar. - Ona ,6uonor.

_ Oua pa6oraer B r.rucrr,rryre. BrrxeHarhr, Angpeü? - IÃe pa6oraer Barrraxena? _ o"u"ro.."Lpi

_ õícryÃenr-ôlrsur. - Kro sro? _ Ero sonyr Carua. _ On cryaeli. _ È;a6omerena saro4e?[a,

ua saÉoÃe. 1 ---

9. W'rite he diaiogueusing hesesentences.Moü gpyr'- trpe.troÃaBaretrlteacher\.On pa6oraerByru.rBepcrrere.On xenar.

10.Tell aboutyourself.

11.Write newwords n alphabeticalorder in specialnotebook.



Vnnr. eoarwoü

Lesson . YPOKBOCbMOIï

TheSoft Consonant [v'l

The consonant [r'] is soft, but don't write after this letter the vowelsÍ ' D.

qa -qa -qa aq -qa -qbÍqo -qo -qo os -so -wëcë -që -qësy -sy -w yq-sy -qbrcqa -qf, -rm II|t -qI| - qlt|qe -qe -qe 9q - rt e -qbe

The consonant r'] is invariably a soft voiceless ound. t is pronouncedalmost exactly as he English consonant enderedby the lettersch in the wordschair, cheese.

Distinguish he syllablesa [x'a] and srr [v'üa].Ex. l. Read hesewordsand sentences.

MN

Bpâl (m) a doctor Ãoffi A a daughterpa6ósd a worker ,qósKâ a daughterMaJIbTIItK A DOy

Ex. 2. Give the questionquestions.Model:

a) - Kro ero?- Oro Ãenoqxa.- Kax eësonyr?- Eë sorlr Jh.r4a.

ÃéaosKa a smallgirl

9ro Anna Vlsaíost. Ona npay. Ona:rurër n Mocné.gro Anapófi lerpór. On pa6ívuü. Onpa6óraer

na saróae .[unáuo".

Em Àénosxa. ë sorfr Kars. A ero eëMAMA.9to ruá.nsqnx. m rori"r Jlerx. A sroefo [4tr4.

using the pictures (Ex. 1). Answer the

o) - 9TO r,ÌrDKeHep-/- Her, ero pa5ouuítt.- IÃe oHpa6óraer?- On pa6óraerua sanó4e.

61



B) - BlI"e

g"ásre. xr:oero?-Ãa- t erâro, ro ero. gro npar.- Bu rnâere, xax eëroryï?- Ãa, t snâro, rro eëroryr Bêpa.

New words ndexpressions3apárcrnyü!

Kaxár ncrpéva!Kax Ãarlro urr ne nt4e,rncs!

KAK

rcëV uenr ceubfl,Ãer[.

Good rternoon!ílhy, this sa surprise!There'sbeenplenty of water under thebridgesincewemet last. It's beenagessincewemet.how (how long...)all

Han cux llropr yxe 6omnóü.Tu

aoró.ren(paaX

(rcrr,rcn glad)Í aorórrua (paaa). Ì amglad (to íeeyouloqeHb yerv

on (a, ru) paÃ,ÃoBorenoua (r, trr) paÃa,ÀoBonbnaoxn (ruu,nnr)pa4n,Ãònomrur

Ex. 3. readthe dialogue.Pay attentionto the intonation.

Paszooop2- 34pancrryüTaruapa!

222- O! Ax1peü! axar crpeva!

22- Kax ganxo MH HeB[Ãenrrcn!Kax ru xcltërutn Tauapa?

1 11- Bcë xopomo. V ueHqcembr,Ãer[.

3- Tu pa6oraemr?

r123-Ãa, I ytruBepcnrere.xaxru lorlënrr,Axgpeü? u xenar?

r1 l l- .(a, 4arno,V uac).xe 6o;rruoücun, lÍropn.

2- A rÃe u pa6oraenrr, rqpeü?

I- B urxole.

3- Tu aorolen?

62



Yporc octnoú

11- .[a, ncëxopomo.

I-Í orenl paga.

Ex. 3. Read the text. Ask questionsabout he text and answerhem.

9ro Taruapa Angpeü.Oxn Ãanno1t

guaKoubr.Oxn rnrryr n Mocxre. Tauapa n31

Arapeü4aBHo eBtrÃentrcb.aruapa a6oraer131

Byn[BepcüTere.AqÃpeüpa6oraerE mKone.Tanrapa aufxeu.

IAu4peüxeuar,

t -oú

2-wa

3-rpn

4 - rerírpe

5- nrrr

6 - mecrr

7 - ceurlu l

8 - nócenrlIu]

9 -,qésrrnlul10- aécsrb

Count!

r -""í*#;1"tr-J*;*t""]"rs rp"r#"f,

[u] , [r] [r]14 verúpnenqarr

"-J*úfflro *".oí*tllu,r-J*#"1"tr tJ"'"tl"l"r*f,1,

lullul

-

[r]19 ,uensrxíq(arb

zo-*ío*1"

63



Yporc ocu.toü

Ex. 4. Readthesewords and sentences.qac an hourlltlqacbr a clockIwl

,certsacnow,

a) - Cxaxn're,noxa.ryücra,2

xoroptrfi vac?I

- flqrr qacor.- Cnacn6o.

7

6) - Cxaxnre, noxa.ryücra,

2roropuü uac?3

- lÍ:nrxnre, noxalyücra, aI

He 3Harc.

Koropuü rac? I|/hat ímes t?11

Ceü.racqac. Cefi.racnrrb ÍracoB.

lxl I tr lCefiqacÂBaqaca.Ceüqac.".t"

"aóô"., hlr InlCeüqacrpü qaca, CeÈqacaemrl

"alôs.^ [r]r [xlCetqac{erule qecr. Cefiqac "erur.r" ,iloi.

The Conjugation of the Verb 9IITATL (read)

Present enser s[rán Mbr qnráen

Tüi qnráerrl B s[ráereoH olrü qxrâIorOHo q11râeToHa

Imperativequráü! qnráüre!

64



Yporc octuoú

PastTense

on (r, ru) qnrár.nona (r, ru) qnrâ.naorro qnrâ.noorur (nu, nru) unráuu

IIro shr qutaere? What are you reading?.Í qmarc )KypHan. am reading hemagafine.fl srffarc mrcbMo. I am reading the leíter.

The AccusativeDenoting he Direct Object

The accusativewithout a preposition is used to denote the direct objectof a transitive verb.

The accusative orms of nouns denoting inanimate masculine and neuter

objectsegual the nominative forms. They are used in answer to the questionqTo?

NominativeIIro ero?gro xypnaa.9ro nncruo.

AccusativeIIro nu qnragre?Í qnraro xrypxar..Í qutan trncbMo.

Ex. 5. Read.

2

a) - 9ro Bu qrraere? I- .fl qnraro xlTHaJr *Mocxla".

36) - Bu qrrra.,rlr KypHaJr

ttMocKtat'?

l1- Her, ue uura.n.

In) 9ro marr n cun. Oxn

IqI|TaroT accKs. \s o y

3r) - Bn lrc6nr:e rurarr?

- Oqexrnrc6nrc.

I 3.í.3 Ìli 1959 65



The Conjugationof rhe VerbÃEIIATb (to do)

PresentTensefl

TbI

OH

oHooHa

Àenan MhrÀeJraemb Bbl

OHIT

Ãelaer

Ãe,raeMÃeJraeTe

ÃenarcT

Ãe[arfTe!

lê'lalÃenanaaê.na.toaéraru

,- Yro Bu .rrÍTaere?

1-Í qnraro (ypnan.

Imperative

afuaü!

PastTenseon (a, ru)ona (r, rrr)oHoonn (nru, ru)

Make the sentencèsnterrogative.Model: gro llran? OnOn mrr<exep? nswer he questions.

)- IIro BH ÀeJraere, rgpeü?

1- Í qnrarc.

Ex. 6. Answer he questions:

Kro gro?1lro ox Ãenaer?9ro ona

ÃeJtaEr?

The Interrogative,

- 9eü ero sorr?I

- 9ro uoü sorr.2

- Ylr gro cynrra?I

- gro uoa cyuxa.2

- 9rë srona.mro?I

- 9ro uoë traJrbro.

pa6oraerna garoÀe?

Pronoung.Eü(whose?)

Il'hoseumbrellas it?

It is my umbrella.

Wose bag s it?

It is my bag.

Wose overcoats it?

It is my overcoat.

66

ffi



Yporc octnoú

2- 9rn gro ra3erhrl xypna;ru?Il'hosenewspapersndmagalines re these

I- 9m uon nnerbr rr x(yptraJrhr.Thereare my newspapersnd magafines.

The interrogativepronoun IEü? changes or genderand number.

Singular: eü? masculine,nr? - feminine,srë? - neuter.

Plural:qru? - for all 3 genders.Yeü sro sotrr? - 9m ruoüsoHT.1t myumbrella. Moü. - Mine.tlrr ero rasera? - Oro lror nasera. - Mos.IIÉ ero namm? - 9ro uoë [aJrbro, - Moë.IIlu ero sacrr? - 9ro uou qacu. - Mou.

Possessive ronouns

PenonalPronouns

Possessiveronouns PersonalPronouns

Possessiveronouns

fl

Tbt

ruoüÃomMO' KOMtrATAMOE OKIIOMOrr oxlla

rBoü ÃoMTBO{ KOMHATATBOeOmOTBOII OXIIA

my, míne

your,yours

Mhl

Bbl

HAlIl ÃOMtra|trâKOMIIATA

HA|IIC OKIO

HA|nr{ Oxlra

Ba|n ÀoMBamaKOMEATABAme oxHoBaItrIl offia

our, ours

your,yours

OH

oHa

oHo

ero ÀoMCTOKOMHATA

CIO OKITOeno ol{Ira

eë ÃoMeë KoMHarâeë omoeë onna

ero ÃoMeno KoMxaTaeno oxlroETO OKIIA

his, his

her, hers

its, its

OHII rD(ÃoMIIX KOMHATA

lD( oxton( oxHa

their,theirs

9* 67



Irrr sm rotrmara?gro MosKoMtrara.

llre om omo?9m uoe oxuo.

IIrr sro raseïrl?9m uou ra3erf,r.

Ex. 7. Read hesesentences,ayingattentionto úe possessiveronouns.Om oreq.

{ef, gro cro.x? Oro ero croJr.9rr ero rcrnra? gro ero Kurara.{rë ero nucruo? gro ero rrr4€bMo.{rn sro qacrr? gro ero qachl.

9m nam.9efi gro xypxa.u? gro eëxypna;r.IIrr uo rounara? gro eërorr.rHara.IIrë gro nr.rcruo? gro eënr,rcruo.Yrn ero qacrr? Ero eëqacrr.

9m aeru.9eü sro cro,r? gro llx croJr.Yrs sro xolrtgara? gro trx rouuara.{rë sro ur,rcruo? gro r.rx rttcËMo.![rn ero xypHalrr? Ero lrx x1rynaarr.

Ex. 8. Look at the picturesandanswer he questions:Kro em?, IIro sro?, lleü ero ...?oKar em (eë)soryr? V Bac ecm ...?

É@]tr@r@@@

WT

ffiH68



. Worc"ocunod

32a) - Bu gnaere, ro sm?

l l-.[a, ronevno (of cource)xûterm^]

31-9m uor rroÃpyra IrÃa n eë crm Murs.

2326) - llsrnmrre, Bn ne snaers,seügro soar?

22- O! gm ruoü onr! E.laro4aploBac!

22r) - Cxamre, troxaryücra, rÃeÃoM5 (nml)?

31- ÌIsntmxre, r treB[arc.

22

r) - Craxrrre, noxa;ryfrcra, rÀeÃoMÃecmr?1l-,[ou 4ecrm rau. 9ro HeÃaJrexo.notfar)

The Fourth IntonationalCostruction(ÍrK-4)

-fl q4r gouoü. I amgoinghome.-- / , /A.Bw? Andyou? A Harãlqa?

klK-4 is most vividly seenwhile expressinghe question n incompleteinterrogative entences ith the conjunction "a" (and). Remember:n full(complete) intenogative sentenceswith the particle '.a,,, (and) thecorrespondingypeof l4K (VlK-z or I,IK-3) canbe used.

A rro gro?A rÃe Bu 6rm? A Bu cryaenr?

The pre-stressedart of I4K-4 is pronounced n the usualpitch. If thestressed aú is at the end of the sentence he pitch begins o rise. In the post-

stressedart the pitch gradually ises.

- Bama Qannr.nnr, rMÍ, orreerBo? lühat is your family name,first name,paíronymic?

- Ilsanos llnas llnarorüs.

69



Remember:ProperNouns,Forenames,atronymicand Surname.

Full and ShortNamesUsán Urásolm ÍIranón.Ilrau llrasorrs - llnas - Banr.

Arsa IIránOEEAUlsanúna.Anna llsanonna- Ausa- Aus.

Ex. 9. Read he dialogue.2

- Kar Bac soryr?l4

- Menr :oryr Aq4peülerpornr. (My namesA.p.)A Bac? (Andwhat syouname?)

I- Mens :onyr .{xon.I

- Osenr nprrrrrno. This s apleasure.pleasedo meet ou,l3

- Osenr paa,9ro namaaosra?I

-Àa.2

- Kax re6s tonyr, 4erorra?I

- MeHssoryr Karr.24

-S ** Bac sonyr?A Bac? And whaí syourname?

- A xar re6r soryr?A re6r?

Arapól Hnxolâernq Ceprécr.ArapeúHlrolaenm - Aq4peü.

Mapúr HxroirácgEêCepréena.Mapnr Hnrola"*"a - úapã- Maora.

proverb

Jlyuue nos.ryo, reMErrorÀa. Better ate thannever.Yrpo.nerepaMyÀpe'ee.Morning s wiser henevening An hour in themoming s wotth wo n theevening)

qh,ro,ae,r'ú(L,oo,WW.

-fl 6/rzrt-fl /nÃn*a.qh* ana ^íaobl?

9r* -ir.o.to ínn64. 9r* -/t/LaJt -,ub-fl.

70



Yporc ocauoú

Homework

1. Put the questionsby the model: Oro ero tpyr. 9eü ero 4pyr?

Oro ,to.flÃo.r. 9To Haür orell. 9ro ero KoMHara.9To Barrru .racbr. 9To eë 6par. 9ro rai Ãplr. 9To BarIrI,Íxypnanrr. Oro lorra3erbr. 9ro ero Àena.9ro rD( MÍrrrII,ÍHa.

2. Complete the sentences using the verbs 9IITATb, PABOTATb in thepresentand past tenses..Í ... xypua"r. Moü oreq ... B rrrKo:re.Moü cnrn xopono .....f ... r lry:ee. Epar u ceopa ... [r,ÍcbMo.

3. Complete the sentences sing the verbs n the presentor the pastteÍìses.Mos uarr ... B lrrKoJre.Í ... xypna,r. Mo.r Ãoqr ... rucbMo.Morï 4pyr... B yunBepcI,l:fere.Ãe ... saur oreq? Moü orer{ ... Ha 3aBoÃe.lÃe ... rBo-scecrpa? ae ru ...?Bu ... xypnaa?

4. Trarscribe.pa6outtil, qerbÌpe,

Mar6, Irrocrb, .(eB-rrË,ÃecqrbqacoB,

oqeub, Ãoqb5. Translate.

My name is Mary Ivanova. I am a doctor. I am married. This is myhusband. His name is Andrey. He is an egineer. He works at the factory. Theseare our children.

6. Write the words, which designate profession.

7. Look at the things, surroundedyou. Put the questionsby the model: 9usro xrura? Write thesequestionsand givethe answers.

8. Take you family photo and tell about all the persons.

9. Write the words designated the "objects of town" in prepositional form.Compile the sentenceswith them. Model: Í 6rur n napxe.

10. Make a competition: who will write more words:

a) begiruringwith character M";b) designating things which are in the room;c) which consist of 3 syllables

ll. Find out and remember as the shops, oÍIices and so on are named in youstreet.

12. Write down all the words which can be composedwith the charactersn the

word xomnara.13. Insert necessary haracters, ead the words:

B__q q____e M__b Ã__b

14.Composehe dialogue f two persoÍÌs, sing he sentonces:- EësonyrKars. - Ona crygerma.- Her, oua ne pa6oraer.- Ona cry4errra? - Onayxe pa6omer? Kar eë soryr?- 9ro lto.aÃo.{b. Craxrrre, rro ero?

15.Composehe dialogue f the two old friends n the University.16.Writenewwords n alphabeticalrder n special otebook.

7l



Vporc eeamtú

ksson 9. YPOKÃEBÍTbIIï

TheSoftConsonants83'], [r'], [x']Ex. l. Readthe syllables.

I | -nt-xI |-xI |

I | -ne-Ke-xe

- Iae xnnnr?I

- Knuru Ha roJrxe.

fl

TbI

OH

oHooHa

I(ípaHnúracnxíKe$ípB trApKeB qrrpKe

Remember:

5.,pl,

s., Pl.s.,pl.s.,pl.s., pl.

- 9ro Baunxxnrr?1t

- fla, uon.

roBopI Ub

ronopír

Imperative

nrnopn!

name l)name m)verse, oeírykeftrin aparkat a circus

of "book"

of "shelf"of "spoonof fork'of 'tup"

KIII|TA - KHHIIT

tronKa-

troJIKrlJ|OI.XA - JroxxrlBI|JIXA . BIIJIXITqa[Ka - |Iam|(Il

Ex.2. Read.

2

The Conjugationof the Verb IOBOPI,ITb (to speak, o say)PresentTense

roBoprc MhI

7

- 9ur ero xrllur?I

- 9ro uon xnnru.

noBoprrMnoBopnTenoBopÍT

on (r, rrr)oxa (a, rrr)oHoomr (nru,ru)

PastTense

Bbl

OHII

ronoprne!

roBopnnroBopl|naroaopúlororopí.nn

72



Ex. 3. Read, paying attention to the pronunciation of the wordspvccKl,rü f3bIK ana no-pyccKlr. AHIJII4IïCIUIü tSbIK and ro-AIIHII{üCKIT.

a) pyccnrü - pyccraÍ (Russian,man- woman)aflnrmansn - anrJlntaura (Eng,lish,man - woman)

$pauqrs- rfpanryxenxa (French,man - woman)

Í pyccnú. .fl ronopru o-pyccxr. I amRussian. speakRussian..fl $parrys. .fl mroplo no-r[par4rscnr.I am French. speakFrench.Í auumannn. .fl roropro no-amrnfrcm. I am English. speakEnglish.

36) - Bu suaerepyccmü srbrK? Doyou know Russian?

- Ãa, t EeMBoromBoplo ro-pyccm. Yes, speakRussian líttle..

r) - Cramre, noxa.lryücra,KaK lo-pyccxü "capitaf'?WhaÍ s the Russianor "capital"?

- Cro.mqa.3r) - Bu mBoptrTe o-pyccru?

t l- .{a, neunom.

3

DoyouspeakRussian?

Ã)- Brl rolopf,Teno-$panryscnr? Doyouspeak rench?

- Her, xe mBoplo. roroprcno-anr,rnücnn no-treüer{Krr.German)23

e)- Cxamre,

troxrÀÌryücra,nSpauIrys?11

- Ãr, s Qpaurys.23

- Cxame, noxq.nyücra, u pyccruü?11

- Her, x auepnKâneu. (American)z3

- Crarmrre, troxanyücra, Bu PYccrax?4

- Her, r auepffianKa.A BbI?

I- A r Qpanryxexra.

Ex. 4. Read he words.pyccnd noerpyccmü tr careJrtseJúMü noerne.nímfi mcareJrb

trGrT A DOeta'

[trcaTeJrb a wnlerIIYCCBUIT KUSSIAN

sennmü Wat

l0 3.|{'3 tli 1959 IJ



Ex' 5. Readthesesentellces, aying attention to the intonational groups.Pronounce the first intonationar part oi the sentencewith I4K-3 and thesecondpart of the sentences pronouncedalwayswith HK_l.

A.M.foprruü1868-1936

verseof PushkinPushkinstreeÍPushkinFineArtsMuseum,pushkinMuseum

boolcs f GorkyGorlcy treetGorkyMuseum

A.C.Ilyruxnnr799-1837

KTO OTO _ NYIIIKI{H?

a) Ilymxnn - troer.31

flymxnn- pyccxnf,noer.31

flyruxnn serrlxuü yccxnü oer.

KTO 9TO _ TOPbKI,IIï?

6) foprrnü - nrcarerrb.

31Ioplxlü - pyccrnü tr[careJrb.31

Ioprxtü - nelnxni pyccxnü mtcareJrb.

Ex. 6. Readthesegroupsof the wordswithout separation.cnou flymxnnaYnü{a lfyrtrKxHauyreü llymxrnra

rnuru loprroroyrnqa loptxoromyleü opnxoro

In these groups of words crnxt llymxnna, y;luqa flymxnHa, ynr(afopr'xoro thervords flyurrnna, rop*oro are the fãrmsof the possessiveaseof the words lymxnx, Ioprxnü: pushkin'sversei,Gir*yb lootcs.

74



Vpox òeeamotú

Ex. 7. Read hesedialogues,payingattention to the intonation.

22a) - 9ro Bu quraere?

I-.f, qnrarccrun.

2- IIln em crrxn?I

- 9ro crmcr flymmna.

6) - tlm Bu strTaere?I

-.fl s[Tarc poMatr ttMarbtt.

3- Ero pouan foprxoro?1

- [t.

New word:ponan a novel

Ex. 8. Read he dialogues,payingattention to the intonation.

a) - I.qe Bu xnnëre, Knpa?l4

- I *ry traynuqeoprxoro.A Bu,Hrxúra?

-As-Haynrr[e l lymmua.2

6) - Crarrure, trorraryücra, ÃexüIrorearp2

ttPoccuxtt?

- 9ro neÃarero.I{gnte npruo.

I- Cuacn6o.

a) - Bu ino6nre cnoor llyunrna?11 4

-.[a, orenr.A Bu?I

-.fi mxe.

36) - Bu 6ruu n nyree llynrmna?

l4-.[a. A Bu?

I- f roxe 6tura.

New words:

xÏHoTealp,xüHorrpÍMo straight

Ex. 9. Read he dialogues,payingattention to the intonation.,3

l0* 75



3B)- Brl 6unnr nryreeoprroro?

t4- Her, a BH?

I-Ar5'rxe6u,r.

Ex. 10.Readhedialogues, ayingattentiono the ntonation.

a) - I4e Bu 6um? B rearpe?r14

- Her, a 6ua r qrpxe.A Bu?I

-As6buratruao.

236) - rlro Bu crraere?

CrrNr llymnrua?

-.{a, a Bu?I

- A r qnran poruanoprroro.3

- Pouan"Martt,?I

- Àa.

Ex. 11.Read he sentences,ayingattention o the intonation.

a) Ilymmr - troer. 6) Ioprruü - urcarerrb.3

o)-Ilymxnn-noer?311

Ioprruü - trtrcareJrb. -,{a.34

fopri<nü nncarem? -Aloprmni?31

- Ioprmfi - rrtrcarenf,.Ex. 12.Readhesentences,ayingattentiono the ntonation.

314 lIlynmx - pycclodnosr. Ilynnü - pyccmünoer.

314 1Ilymx - BeJniKrü yccxüünoer. Ilyuxnn - nsmnIf, pyccmünoor.

31Ilymrnn - roqr.

3Ilymrrn - noer?

76



Vporc eeamwú

The Conjugation of Verbs llÃTl4 (to go, to walk) andEXATb (to go, to travelby...)

The Russian verbs ÍIffTfi and ÉXATb designatedifferent modes ofmovement: /

ÍfÃfÍI (nEmKOM) - to walk, togoon oot;ÍxATf (HA TPAHCnoPTE) - togoby bus, by trolley,

by tram, by underground, y taxi.

IIÃTTI EXATb

PresentTense

"*Tbr eÃeltrb

OH /oHa e,{eT

otro Imperative

noesflriü!

Kyla ru ruërc? Were areyougoing o?

fr,Tf,I

OEoHa

otro

MÉ[

Bf,I

outr

PresentTense

f,ry MH trÃëMsÃëul Bhr rrÃëTe

onf, f,ryTrÃër

Imperative

nlíret

eÃeMeÃeree,q/T

nru! noeur.íüre!

.fl sry louoü.

.Í n4r n napx.

2a) - Kyla rrl uÃëre?

l4- Mn sÀëun nrno. A nu?

I- A tr,nr 4ënr uapr.

,

6) - Kyaa u ceüqac?

. l- ÍeryBqef , rp.

4-Arn?

I- Í roxe.

2- EaeuBuecre.

l t

- Xopouo.Cuacu6o.

I am going home.I am going to Íhepark.

Mu uaëuBmao.

Ky4a ru egerc? Were areyougoing?Í e,ry r qeurp. I amgoing o the centre.Í ery r ftercp6ypr. I amgoing o Petersburg.

Ex. 13. Read. Pay attention to the use of the verbs lI.ITl4, EXATb.

77f e,ryn

qerrp.



Expression f placeandDirection

The Costructionwith the euestions [E? andKynA?

IIÍO? Nominative

rrapKJIoqÃongm napx,Oro Jlorgor.

Ex. 14.Read.

fixon n,{xyn:

Auna llraxolua tr Ãeïu:

Remember

IWÃA? Accusative $E?prepositionat

IÀe on? Were is he?On r napxe.He is in Íhepark.

B [apKen Jlo44oue

Kyaaon naër? IV'heres hegoing o?O" naër B rrapK. He isgotng o thepark.

B trapKr Jlon4on

2- KyaasrI lrÃëre?

I- Her,

3B rearp?I

9o ,aar BrrapK. On 6u.rrB rrapKe.

On e4ern JlorÀon. Ox rmêr n Íouno"e.

uu r4ëruBunpK.

Maxc:

Ãqru:

AJUIa:

Àxytr:

Marc:

15.Read.2

- Kyaamr naëu erepou?3

- Moxer 6urr, r rearp?23

- ÃrKytr,BHno6rre 6aler?2

- Osenr nto6fio.4

- A Bn, Ãxon?

78



Vporc eenmoii

1Ãxon: - f roxe nlo6mo6aner,

3Ãxfu: - Mu eÃeuB Tearp na ruerpo?

1lA.rua: - Her. ua raxcn.

Ex. 16. Read hesewords.Remember!

O.IIHAKOIICI|KA II'Tb KOIIEEK

ÃBe KOrIeIlf,U ÃecÍÍb KOIIeeKtt

Tpt| KOneI|K]t IIÍTBAÃUATbKOtreeKqeTbrpe Ko|IeIlm

ÃBâ{rIaTbKoIIeeK

ÃBâ4rIATb OÃHAKorrenKaÃBaÃqaTb ÃBe KorrerrKrlÃBATIATb rrflTb KO|leeK

aenrm (pl.)

KOITEüKApy6.rr

oÃrffi pyonb

4napy6.nrrpr py6lrvernpe pyõ.nr

money

a kopeka rouble

nrrb pyoJreHlrecrb pyoirenÃBar{qarbpyoneüasúqarr oÃnn py6nb

\ /> )^9*

iÌ /

, 4r7Sfj

\ YLP'4-/

I

l

> í r'Pub

,- fl.- ì {-/

,Õ.''

\g;,/.-@}'iw

ffi:Étl

@-/

. . .: i{4'

ÀBáÃqarbÃBapy6nr,qBáÃrlarb ósmr py6reü

The ConstructionCKOJIbKO CTOI4T...2 Howmuch s ... ?)CKOJIbKO CTO.trT... (IIow muchare .. ?)

Cxónrxo cróur xypnár? Cró;rro cróxr xypuúrr?Xypnán cróur 10.000 y6.neü. Xypnánu cróm 50.000 y6.(Àecarr ucrv py6neü) (nxrbÃecsr BrcrÌrntun"ï)^,

,4 11 .-,*571a.{:tEx.17.ReadhediaÌogues. /fur fl* 4w-'

a) - cKonbKo crolrr 6rr;19rB nlno?

'v"4-rv-ru-ot'tz<"| â la<t

- .{nëu 6nrer crom 10 (rccsrb)fltcffi py6neü. {h rcz- Ze'ro | '

:4lüú,rw.



n) - Cxarorre, trox(aryücra, y Bacecrb reeup?

l1-,{a,noxa.ryüsra.raxanrorr &-+#fuhI

- Cnacn6o.

Bérepom6ll.;nér r6nr 40 (cópox)+uempyfueü.lnên in the arternoon

BeqepoM in the evening

36) - Y rac ecru6nnsrrrna6a;rer ,Cnaprax"?

I- Ecrr.,

- .{aüre, troxÀrryücra,2 (wa) 6ulera.l3

* Iloxa;ryücra, 6rutern crosr 40 (copox)I

+lretrpyfueü.

r) - Cnarorre,noxo"rryücra, ro xeerp?111

- Her, ero ne x@np. gro uo.noxo.lz

- Xoporuo- xoarrocronrcraxan?

1- T+r€#ro+y6fl€fr. 0gy6 ps;aa31

- [aüre, noxa.nyücra, (oann) raKan.l .

- floxa.ryücra-I

- Cnacn6o.

2n) - Cxolrxo crolr rasera,,Cnopr"?

I- ÃmrenryÉrcü.,1,64 py6/t,4

- A xypnal ttMocxlatt?

1- 10 (aecqn) flier+ púreü.

Ex. 18.Completehe sentences.

V nac ecrl... Cxo;rrro crorrr.-.ìKypna.l ,,Mocf,Ba",xa 6alet ttXllgerb'...

TEITPÃ'IbTTI'

:----

80

xmna "Jloq4on", 6trer



Conjugation of the Verbsby modelq[TATb

CIPAIIII4BATb (ask)

PresentTense

f ctrpârrrHBanTb[ ctrpaürrBaeffbotroHa ctrpamrrBaeToüo

OTBETIATb (answer)

Present ense

oTBeqarcoTBeqaeüb

oTBeqaeT

oTBeqaeMoTBeqaeTeoTBeqarcT

MhIBbtOHTI

fl,TbI

OH

otraoto

MhI

Bbl

on

cnpa[trBaeMctrpa|trr{BaeTectrpa IrBarcT

/CJIVIIIATb (áslen)

Present ense

cJlylrancny|üâellrb

cJry[aeT

Mbr cJIy[IaeMBbr qrryüaeTeonn cnyfianT

Imperative

orseqáü!oneqáirre!

PastTensecnpamB,ur ou (r, ru)crrpaüïBâna oua (r, ml)clpa[nBaJro ouoclpanrrBaJrn onn (nnr,

nu)PastTense

on (r, rn) clrymarona (r, rrr) cÍyruaJraono grymaJroonu (unn rrr) qÌryüalrrl

t

Tb|

OH

oHa.odo

cnpáurnaü!cnpámrraÍrre!

PastTenseon (x, ru)oua r, ru)oHooslr (Mhr,Bbr)

clqíüaü!crfmafrre!

OTBEqAJIOTBEqAJIA0IBeqíuloOIBEqAJIT

ll 3âÍâ3 ,É 1959 8l



Vpax òeenmuú

Conjugation of the verbsby model IIIICATb (write)

PresentTenseI

"o)-y

Tbt mtmeltrbon (ona,ouo) ínmer

nnút

Imperative

PastTenseou (r, ru)oua r, rrl)otro

onn (uu, nrr)

lì,lbl

BbIOHII

trtr|trEM

|ITTtrETÊrrumyr

nnuírre!

TIICAJI

IIüc:uranI{caJIo

IItrCAJITI

Ex. 19.Write the verbs IOHIIMATb (understand),lL3VI{Nlb sndy),ÃyMATb (think)by the modelqIITATb. Checkyourresults.

NOHI4MATbPresent ense

'IIOHI4MAIO

TËI IIOHI4MAEIIIb

on(ona, rronrrMaer

MbI NOHI{MAEM

BbI IIOHIMAETC

OHü IIOHI4MAIOT

noruauaü!nouuuaürel

PastTense

143YTIATbPresent ense

r n3)qarcTbI H3rraellrbon(ona, I,I3] aerono)MbI I43) IaeMBhI 143) raeTeoHü I43],4IaIOT

Imperativeusyraü!usyraüre!

ÃyMATbPresent ense

r ÃwaroTI'I ÀWAEIIÌbou(oHa, Ã)Maerouo)M6I ÃWAEMBbr ÃyMaereoHr4 Ãyr!{aroT

lWaü!gpraüre!

Past Tense

í3Yr{aJI

I,I3) IÍlIaI{3YIIÍUIOü3yIÍÌiIII

oH (r , ru)oHa (q, rbr)oHoour,r(uu, rr)

ÍIOHI4MAI

NOHI{MÍL'IA

NOHI4MAJIO

IIOHITMAJII,I

oH (r, rËr)oHa r, TbtoHooHr4(Mbr,Bbr)

PastTenseÃ}.[{AJI

ÃyMana

' ou (x, mr)oHa (q, T6t

oHo ÃwaJroonr,r(rrau,w,r). ÃyMaJfil

82



Vnnk àeaqmrtú

-5I naro I -f rosoonPyCCKI4Iï.fl3blK | .[ noulrlvraro flO-PyCCKI{

fl wtytwo lÍ cnpaurrmaro

-Í orse.rarc

(ppanqyscrcaür:r,rr no-@panqysoc,ranr.n[ücro,tïgsrrr uo-aguuricrcrr,rcnauctonï qgrtr fio-ficrraHcr<t,r

,Í3bIK

Ex. 20.Read he text. Mw aeytaem ycaeuú swrc.Oro naur )lrrr4Bepcrarer.lo.qroronure.n*tsrft( preparatory $atcyx:.ler.

flepnrrü ( firsr) vtax (floor ). Bor uaura aypÍroptís.(classroom . Tyr cro:rrr.Ctena(on theW) orcro.Cnpaaa on Íhe ighò g.F;epÍ,door)u ÌrKa(bbr. )'rÃocKa 14KapTa.

Ceü.rac ( right now) ypor. flpenogaBarorrb (the teacher) cnpárurcaer

lo-pyccKr,Í.Mrr orse.IaeÀ,Íoxe [o-pyccrc4.- Yro sro?- 9ro yve6nur (textbook).* flpanrurrno (riqht). A ero yre6nvr?- Her, ero He yre6nn<. 9ro c.noaapl.- IIeü ero yre6nnr<?- Ll:ar.mare,,aHe rtonuMaro. lorropure, noxaayücra.- IIeü sro yre6nrm? Blr nogutrlaere,vro_aonopro?- [a, cefitac s [ourrMa]o. 3ro lroü yre6nm<.flpeno4anare.nboBopar [o-pyccKÌÌ MeÃneHHoslowly).CryÃeururncë

(everything)rroHrrMaror rr orBeqaror [paBlrJrbuo.

correctloudlyslowlywell

KAK?trpaBfinbHo-HelpaBrfJtbHo uncorrectrpoMKo- T[xo quietlyMeÀ[eHHo 6ncrpo .fastxOpO|nO trJroxo bad

Ex. 21. Answerthe questionsand write the answen.Craxrare ero npeno4anare.rr? Br,r :naere, r4e on pa6oraer? Ou

pa6oraer n Ynrcepclrrere? Br,r enaete, qro rr3)raror cryÃeuTÉ,ÌB

Vnr.roepcurere? Onr,r rr3) {aÌor pyccraarlxsr,rr? Ha ypore [penoÃaBarenbroBopr,rr no-pyccrcr? Crygenm nonr4MarcT, KorÃâ npe[oÃaBar€]rb roBopÌdrno-pyccrcr? Moxer 6rns (maybe), cryÃeHTl,r oporuo [our4Maror, rroroMyuro (because)[perroÃaBare.Ìrb oBoprir ue4lexllo? Crygenrrr BHr4MareJrbHocJryl[aror, Írro roBopI4T rpefloÃaBareJlb?9ro ge.raror cryÃeHTbl, ec,llu @oHI{ He noHrrMalor, gro roBoplfr npenoÃaBareJr},'! Ecttu cryÃexTbr HerroHl4Maror, Ì{To roBopI4T [pefloÃaBareJrb, oH [oBTopxer (he repeats,nosmopamb - to repeat) ? Kor.ua (when) rtpenolaBaTejrb rroBTopÍeT,cryÃeHTbrnoHr,rMarcT,qro oH ronopnr? Crygenrrr ÃaBHo[3yqaror pyccrr,rüasrrr? Cry4enrbÌ ÃaBHoxrrByr B Mocr<se?

ÕJ



9ro ynr.mepcrrer.Ihis ísthe Universitv.Oro uo4rmoarrre.rrnuü Sarcy;rmerpreparaÍoryFaculty

phoneticclass-room

JIK - nr*raSórrrrúKAOI4HET V (rirrnü) erax

frrthloorIV (veraëprunï)wax forth floor

III (rp&rnz) eraxthird loor

II (arop'oü)eraxsecondloor

I (népnuü) eraxfirst floor

saltr hall

<a6rznerpavaftrst-aid

\

{TTTTIT!

I

_E{TTTI! !i t rxtm

\fl n r__lr-r rull r lr t-{

- r r r ! ! ! I I

ÃBepb-ÃBepr4door-doors

iponerú.pcraxna6oparopvtxphoneticlaboraíory

ayIjfiopr4fi.class-room

ra6lnrerofficesane.4noIr1r,üraQe4poËheadofthe chair

3aI\.{ecTanenbÃeKaHavice dean

ÃeKaHdean

BXOÀ

entrance

9ro aropori grax. Oro Kopr,ÍÃopcorridor

BbD(OÃ

exit

qpe[oÃaBaT€nr4professors

84



Vporcòeenmt'rú

floronoK ceiling

naúÍ7a lamp:-=:::=::::::::

cryxl chair

Í7oJrloor

cÍrpa&a o the ightlreB,ao the left

pepbTp-grü(aTeTpaÃbpyirKanl4ÍIetÍ](A

l4nüopv'áuus.15.1X.97 sry6eronifepénqr,rr

IIOJIKA

lrpxlr.osffiaight(in front)nocepeÃr4Hen the middle

shelfdoordusternotebook

urra(p cupboardMcJI chalkc.norápr dictionatyy.réOxra< turt book<apangáur pencilpe3I4HKA erAser

Pacrnncáw,rc Timezawinwü table

9:15 10:50pyccKrÍús3brKl1:00 13:00

cnopT

penruler

KapTa

@

õ)



Homework

l. Answerhe questions.

IÃe sbr xrmëre? (Jloruon) l4e xranyr raurlr 4py:rx? (JLznepny.rr) lexrtalr' Angpeü n Hr,l<u:ra?Kuea) Kyga nrr e4ere? Kraen)Kyaa eÃerBarrrapyr? (Co.ru) Ky4a e4r

,[xonu

[xytr?(flerep6ypr). lae

nu 6unu?(uy:eü) Ky4a nrr rgëre? (rearp)2. Put n thesewords:

Í ,{rrraro .. .Í ruo6.nro.. Mu eÃelr .. Onr,rqJ,'r ... Ona 6rura ... Onapa6oraer .. (uxo.na,KIrHo, earp,Kuey, crwxu, xypHÍLlI ,Moctga,,)

3. Put n theverbs WTI4, EXATb, EbITb, XllTb:.f ... a Jlongon . l" ... s reurpe. .... n Kraeee.l, .. .s wtyo. ... a MocKBe..Í ...n napr. .[ ... È Co.{[

4. Translatento Russian:

This s my friendMax. He lives n Moscow.He is a worker.He worksat thefactory. His wife is a doctor. There are their children. They live here for alongtime.

5. Translatento Russian:This is my family. This is my father. He is a worker. He likes to work. Ineveninghe lilces o read newspapersndmagazins.This is my mother. She sa doctor.Sheworks n a hospital.There s my brother.He is a student.Hestudies.inhe univenity.He likessports.He likeshockey.There s my sister.She works in the univenity. She is a professor.She ikes to sins and to

dance. he ikesRussian.6. crossout superfluousharacterso readcorrespondingroverb: Better aíethannever andMorning is wiser han evening.

ryÌfl IIeTMreug<]ÏIo3.(HorTBprIeqeMTpÌIernr]rKorÃac"rpyrpou(f pmrBeqepar4Mrp4ryÃp euee

7. Writenew words n alphabeticalrder n the special otebook.



W""ae"*"rl

Lesson 0.YPOKÃECÍTbII,I

The Soft Consonantq [u'l

The consonant [q'] is invariably soft. It has no English counterpart.

When pronouncrng the soft consonant [q'] the position of the tongueresembleshe position of the tonguepronouncing he sound [v'] , but there isthe first moment of [v'] articulation.

After q never write letters , ro.

Ex. l. Read he syllables nd words.trIa - qa - Iqa aü( rIâ - UA eUë still, yetuë - që - uë oq së - üë trnoua,F (f) a sqiarery - tqf - ry ruI cy - trry roBapnq a comrad,afriendqe - qe - qe oq qe - qe Bee (f) a thing

qÍ - Utr - üIr üru.rü

- ur{ trnau a raincoatThe Pluralofthe Nouns

The nouns ending in the letter "b"after 9r Er x, m belong to thefeminine. The nouns rending in the letters q, x, m, u belong to themasculine.

BpaqEO:

BetrF ToBaptrq

The Plural of these nouns have the vowel "ll" in the end of the word.

cJroBapb crroBaprl Bpaq- Bpatrx_TerpaÃb- ltTpâÃrr BetrIb Bemu

Remember!

MâTb MareDrl mother - mothers

Pay attention to the placeof the stressn the Plural.cmn - cro.nú npar - npavú uocr - uocrír

Ex. 2. Read.Be& - BeIqII üraq - IInatrII| Baff nJraq Hatlr|| BeüüTOBAprrq - TOBApnqII spAq - Bpallü Bam ToBaptru tramll roBaptrqll

Ex. 3. Read,payingattention o the centerof I,IK-3 and IIK-I.3 r I 11

- Y Bacecrr rurau? Ãa, y MeHff crb uraq. (.[a, ecr.)3 1 I 11

- Y Bac ecrr mrapnq? - Àa, y MeHr crb olapml. fla, ecrr.)

w'w

87



3t l l l- Ero Ban ulau? -,{a, ero moünlant. (Ãa, uofr.)

3 l l t l- 9ro Baur reqx? - .[a, ero MorrBeItIn. la, uoll.)

311- 9ro Baur orapuq? - Her, sro nroü6par.

Ex. 4. Read the words and the sentences.Mocxra - uocxríq - mocmnqí Moscovite m., and pt.)

ruocxrísxa - mocxníqxn Moscovitr f.,'andpt.)lrocxnrqú

--/ - . ì

- --

--KaxoüropoÀ! Kax ona rìoBoprrro-pyccxn!Whata/ìne city! Ánd howshespeal<sussian!

Á.lexcan4p l[ranor - MocrÍBrrrr.31

Eroxena Harama MocrBrrqxa.3t

VIx Ãern Ka'rq u Korq - MocrBrrqrr.

The Fifth IntonationalConstruction

(r4K_s). . klK-s is most vividly seen whfle expressingappreciation in the sentences

wirhpronouns AK,KAKOIï,CKOJIbKO ,nfu,notv).

Who of these persons answersthe question" Yeü ero trra[?,

Whose things are these? Iìrtquestronsand answers with the

88



Vpoxòecnmttú

Comparehe ntonationof the sentences:2

Kax on noBopnrno-pyccrn? (OH roropnr Iro-pyccxü rpaBlnbuo)How well doeshe speakRussian?

Ki* o" roBoprrr no-pyccxn! ({a, overn xoponro!)And how he speaksRussian!

Ex. 5. Read and translate nto English. Pay attention to the types of I4K.

a) - Kax oH onoprrrno-pyccxn? 6) - Kaxoüero nopo4?1l

- On ronopnr ro-pyccxü oportro. - Oro Mocxsa.55

- Kax on roBopnrno-pyccrar! - Kaxoüero nopo,q!L2 5

-.[a, o.rernxopouro! - Kaxoü6oarruoü opo4!Ex. Read hesewordsand ext.

cron[qa Pocurn Russia'sapitaluenapcronrrqu centerof thecapilaLKpacnarrJroqaÃb Red SquareKpenul KremlinMango.neü Mausoleum

Mocxna

Mocxra - cronrqa Pocorn. I{errrp crolnqu - KpacnarutorqaÀb,3131

B uernpe - Kpem.nr Marsoreü Jlennna.HeÃalexoEo.nrmoüearp.'Homework

l. Put n the verb OBOPIITb .

-fl ... no-pyccrcr.On rr,roxo .. [o-pyccKr,Í.Bu ... no-anulnïcrol? ,Her,

-rrHe ... no-aum?ritcrg4. nr,roqesr xopoüro .. [o-pyccKr,I.Moü crrnHeMHorò.. no-amnraïcrc,r. aurr Àorr4 .. no-anr:rnïcrcr.Balr1auo.nroxe ... no-pyccr<u?rr... no-anuwftcrut?

2. Write the endingsof the words.qerËrpe y6n...,ÃBal[IarbKo[e..., pra onefu..., 4ecarrpy6tr...

3. W-ritehe possessiveronouÍls:

ÃOqb, CbIH, XeHA, MJDK,TOBApI/ÍUI,BeIIlb, BpAq, nOqTA, IIüCÈMO, qAIIIKa.

4. Answerhesequestions.

Kar eac sonyr? f4e sbr xraëre? Brr xerarrr (aauyrnerr,r)?ro salrraxeua (upx)? Ige nu pa6oraere?V nac ecm Ãefl,r?Ãe srr 6rur,r?Blr.rro6rme earp? Brr .nro6rz:reflarb?

12 3.Í.. Ìì! 1959



5. Translate nto Russian.I live in London. am a doctor. am married.My wife doesn'twork. Thesearemy children. We aregoing o Petersburg.My wife speaksRussian.

6. Translate nto English.

3- Bn ronopnreno-pyccnr?3

- flonmpnre, noxa.ryücra.

3- Brr mropure Ío-pyccm?

I- .fl euë nnoxo noBopx)

tro-pycctiü.

7. Write the answers.L Kar nac eonyr?2. Btr pyccruü (pyccrax)?3. I4e nn xüsërc? 4.Brr {ocrn}r.{ (uocrnnvxa)? 5. Bn lro6r.rreMocroy? 6. Blr cry4enr(cry4eurra)?7. Bn pa6oraere? . Bn pa6oraeren yrrurepcurere? .lÃe srr pa6orae:re?0. ro nrr mo6ureÃe.rÌarb eqepou? rr lIoõr.rrequrarr? ll. tlro nlr lrc6ure qurarr? 12. Kro narunro6raurrüprefer)nltcarem? 13. Bu no6rare raso?Bu:lo6r,rre rearp?Kro raru:uo6u-urrü aprucr? Kro saur nro6uMbrüounosurop? Kro nau lrc6urrluüxygorcrur? 14. Bu lIo6rare cnopr?Bu lrc6ure $yr6o.rr?Br,r.nro6rnre6acrer6ol? 15. Brr xenarrr (sarrayrreu)?6.V nac ecrr 4erra?17. .ueonu lcrayr? 18. BauruÀerr{cryÃeurlr?OHra xe pa6orarcr?Olru lro-6rr cnopr? 19.V nac ecrr.4pysrx? Kro onu? Onu r,ruxenepu?Onugrouorraracrrr? nu npavu? Onn nolnyr s MocKBe?Onu pa6oratornMocxse? 20. Bau gpyr xenar? (Baruanoapyra sarr.lyz<elr?)ax erosonyr? (Kar eë sonyr?) 21. Bst roBopr.rreno-aurauücrur (no-HeMeqKlr,o-ucnaHcxr,r)? nauraplr? Bu roBoprrre o-pyccrra?BrrqüTaereraseru? Bnr moõure r{r4TarbrrerËr? Crornxo cror{T ra3era"Times"? Brr sHaere,cKoJrbKororíT ra3era"CeroÃnq" n Mocrse?Brr snaere,cKoJIbKoror,rr rypHan Honrrü rr.rup"?

8. You have a photo of your family. Show it to your conversationpartner,

name all the people n the photoand tell what they do.9. Write a letter to one of the Russianpeople,with whom you want to getac-quainted.Tell aboutyourself,your life and work.

10.Write all newwords n alphabeticalorder n specialnotebook.

4- A nam ompnu?,

- O! On yxe xopono noBoprrtro-pyccx[.

3- A Bu mBopxre

no-Spaxrryscru?I

- .{a, ueunoro.

90



KÂJITIHKA

Karlttra, KaJrrüü(a,

Kanranca uor,B caÃy-moÃaua.lnnnca,Ma.nnrra Mo.{,

flol cocnoro,rroÃ 3eJrëHoroCnarr no;roxrme Bbr Merrg.Aü, rrro.rtlt-rloÍlt,Air, ttomr-lfiofi4,Cnaìr rro.uoxr.neBbr MeHq.

Cocënyurxa,Tbr3eÍëHaq,

He nryu ru uago nanoü,Aü, tnott:a.-snonw,Aü, .nroln-.nro.m,He lrryu rrr na4o unoü.

Kpacarunqa,A/rrra-ÃeBr/trIa,flo;no6raxe rbl Merrrr,

Aü, .nIolr-lnrnz,Aú, lrolu-.ruoan,florro6r,r xe rbr Menrr!

Singwith us

KALINKA

You, dearsnowballree

My snowball ree.You, dearsweetieDear sweetie n the garden.

Undera pine-tree,a greenpine-treePut me to sleep.Hi, luly-luly,Hi, luly-luly,

. Put me to sleep.

Dearpine-tree, reenpine-treeDon't rustleabovemy head.Hi, luly-luly,Hi, luly-luly,Don't rustleabovemy head.

Beauty, he girl of my dream,Will you loveme, please.Hi. luly-luly,Hi, luly-luly,Will you love me,please.

t2* 9l



KATIOIIIA

PacqseraruÍg6nonu n rpyr[r,flormrrrra ryr'.ranrr.agperoü.

Brxognna na 6eperKartorua,Ha srrco nü 6eperna Kp)"roü.

Buxogrua, uecuÌo3aBoÃrl;raflpo crennoro cllsoro opna.flpo roro, Koroporonro6rala,flpo roro, rlblrnr,rc6Maeper.na.

Oü, rrr, rrecnrl, eceuKaÀeBr.rlbr,Tu leru,:a .rcHbIM orHUeMBcJIeÀ.I,I 6oüÌry HaÃaJrbHeMorpaHr,rqbeOr Karrorur nepenaít npr,rBer.

flycu on BcrroMHrlrÃeByruKyrrpocTyro,

Ilycrt yclrnulr, xax oHa noër.flycru on seulrc 6epexër poÃHyro,A ntoõosr Kanorua c6epexër.

KATYUSIIA

Appleandpear reeswereblossomingout,

The mistswererising above he river.Katyusha ame o its bankThe river highbank, steepbaú.

ShecameandbegansingingAbout a steppebluisheagle,*About the eagle,her friend she oved.Abouther darling,whoseetters hekept.

Hi, the song,a girl'ssong,Fly followinghe clear

un.Sendbestregardsrom Katyushka,To a soldier,who is serving ar away

at the border.

Let him remember he homelygirt,

Let him listento her singing,Let him defend he native and.And Katyushawill savehe lové.

* "EagÍe"' in Russiaa man, whom the girl lovesandwho is strongandbrave,is oftencalled an eagle".



Russian speech. ConventionsKar ronopar no-pyccKl,I

1. Ilplnmcrrrr. flpoqama.3apaacrnyrïre!3aparcreyü!,{o6poeyrpo!Ào6prrüaenr!Ão6prnãse.rep!Ilpuaer!O.reur pa,ue6a (nac)rrÃetrlKaxal acrpeva!Kar ÀasHorrr re sr4qertacl!Kar Ãera?Kar nauruÃe.na?Cnacra6o. cexopouro.Cnacr6o. Bce nopuamno.

[ocruaalr'trsl

,{o sar:rpa!BceroxopourerolBcero 4o6poro!

2. KLs.oõparnrrcr x fle3rraKououyeloBeny:Mo:roÃoü.reroner! Mo.no.(rre.rno.ua!.{erlrura! .{eryurcr!Manrqlu<! .[enovra!Craxlrre , noxa.ryücra, ....I4saunrre, cKa)t<llTe,oxa.nyücra, ..Vlzntmtne,Bu re anaere, ge....

Kax orrErnrr:[a, noxa;ryücra.,{a, cnyruarcBac!

3. Ecrn Bn xoture trro-To (o veu-ro) trotrpocrrrb:Craxrme,noxaryücra, .,..{afrre, noxanyftcra, ...florroprre, noxalyrÌcra, .fi eule rrJroxo oBopro ro-pyccKr,Í.-[ neÃarno )flxrByB Mocroe.Ioroprre, noxanyrïcra,MeÃJreHHo.ÍI eure uroxo oBopro o-pyccKlr.

' 4. Kax orser[ru na npocr6y:[a, uoxa.nyücra.{a, ronevno.IlsnlürI,rfe. t He 3HaríJ.C y4oaoarcrnueu.

5. Kax npnr.lacrrrbBtocru tr KaKorBernrb Ha. pr Jrarnenae:flpurnauraro Bac(re6r) B rocrr{ 3aB,rpa.Cnacu6o.C y4oeo.rucravelr.

93



6. B naraoxxe:Cxa;orre, noxa.ryrïcra,y BacecrËpyccro-arrur,lïcrunï orouapr?Ãaftre, uoxanyücra,cJroBapb.Cronno crou:r cnonapl?

7. Tpancropr:Karorï gro anro6yc?On raÃeÍs qen'rp?Craxrtre, noxa;ryrlcra, rÃe Merpo(cramg{r uerpo)?Brr sÉD(o.üfie erïqac?llsnr,nru:re,uoxno rrporhnz?

8. B xnno (r racce):Craxrme, noxa;ryricra,ecrr 6ruetu wa 2 (pa) uaca?Cro;rno crorr 6me'r?

9. B xacce:V nac ecm õta,lreru a 6a,ret<<Xngelp>?V rac eqrr 6nrreru B EorbIrroü rcarp?Àarïre, noxa.ryücra, 6ra.ner.V sacecm 6wrcrrl B rupK?

10. Ha ynnqe:llsnr,trrl.rre,oKÍDKI4Te,oxa.ryrïcra, r4e Eolruroü tea'ip?I,Igzre np-nrao.

94



YNPAXHEHIIfl üJIg PAEOTbI C MATHIITOOOHOM

(DOH ETI4qECKI4E .III4KTAHTbI

1. Àau, TaM, HÍÌM, naKT, TaK, ÃoM, sraKan, yI![, Kor, Yc, cYn, 3oHT, crou, KTo,

6arox, 6anan, 6axra, ungyc, KaÍrrara, croJl, Mocr, [ocr.2. flarr, (!arr, nryr,6lror, rryx,arr, $arr, 6yx, ruror,3Íurbr, bÌlÍ,BauI, arrycra,

ÍJIATa, KyCTbr, KATOK, r,'IarOK, JIaMIrbr, 6arnu, yclr.

3. Crnr, caM, cou, 3BoH, no3a, tto3bI, ca3aH, 3aca.ua. ÍyM, urë1, uryu. uë.1r,TYU, ÃYU, UÍyrKâ, )KI4lr, Ca,6r, Ury6a, sraH, cralroK, IIÍ?ÍJI.

4. Arr.r6ap,Topr, rropr, 6opr, rpana, [paBa, rpoM, pbl6aK, KpacKa, fpoM, rpw,rapÍDK[, rpyrrÌr4, rporu, Ap6ar, urap(f, ]IIToprr.r, [rrypM, ur:ra6rr, ulna6pa, .qpa-ra, uryp$, ürropbr.

5. I{enrp, {ên-or,cqenu, TaHÌrbr, lr4rara,MarpaILaKIreHT, I4pK,ueJI, ueHT,II€HTbI.

6.,4eur,

TeHÉ, rI4Tb,Ãyrb,

rurbrrb, I,ÍÃeIrÍ,tycrÉ, KoHb;.{anb,

TroK, TKaHb,crarÉ-q,ÍrJrarbtr, ówrcru, 6a.netn, $yr6o;t, cBer, lper.

7 Cutru, cunt'rú, usnt ., cerb, crarb, ucnz:r, 6ygrau, 6yaw, ne$rr, cneq, nom,,cTaJïb, TÍìJr, mrTbl, BlrHTr,rK,r:r, cepuü, cblp, cgp.

8. .{nnu, 6oüt, Ãrc:ia,, t6ura, erëu, Bracrb, 6relr, ltlrrc, BaJrer,coprlr, ecrrr4,y3rlbl, cÍrÍBbl, KrIIoqI,Í,KruIKcbI,cIIu, c[arb, crarhÍ, crapbrrÌ, Ì\.{y3hIKaHT, acr},,rrurcc, c;ra6rrü cr'rnr;nttit, rpacrrrü, pasnuü.

9. M-s.{, qacrb, qllcrra, vëpnrrü, [prlrr,rHbl, Hoqr4, Korrror, pyrerï, vucr, ceur,,üepcTb, KolrrKlt, Hoqbro, IyJIaHbI,{epHb,qyryH, TÍItKt{, TaIIK}I.

10. Heurpr, uraxrbl, rllomyrb, rlex, qexlr, rrax, Tex,tttlrpb, ÌIrÍpMa, rrapM, cKaJ'ra,rrmaJrbl, eprBâ, xarDKa, 3or, coK, üesr, u1n, xèur,r, xlmor.

11. Ilrarlrff(, rurtou, qâÌr{a, ryula, qaIrra, rqyKa, qyÃecurrrï, lr1ërrur, porqu,rrfforq, ruuDKra, uraq, [ypr4n, .neu1, lërra, uërcr, crnqrr, IeÌÌr<t,Í.12. Ee.{Hrrür, Ãwronuü., cbrnbr, HrrrKr4,-nravnrrü, r:,zloluttï,t, necur, 6acrrz, uy:t,

ue:r, sa6oru, flTrrrlbr,pbÌTr,,pbrcb,pocrr, quSplr, ysrÌ,r, rrblrrb.

95



Vnpaatnenun

À14KTAHTbI

l. Oro Mocrna. Bor ÂoM.3ro rounara. Tyr vaua, Írana cbru.2. Maua, rrarra cbÌHÃoMa.Bor KoMHara. au orcro.T,!"r,cro;r.

Bor cyn r,ÍcoK. 9To craKaHbr.3. 9ro nauraKoMHara.Bor orcro. Tau ca4.Bor ryct.4. CârTra,ÍMaura {orr,ra.4 ArrronÃorvra.5. 9ro naur 6par Anrou. On 4oua.A gro rot Aroc.6. Oro uoü Ãplr. Oro Mo.ÍrioÃpyra. 9ro lroü 6par.7. Kro sro?9ro Balr Ãpyr'? a, gro ÌuoüÃpyr IIypa.8. Brr gryÃern?[a, x cryÃerT.Kar BacaoByr?Merrr sonyrMapr. A rar Bac

sonyr? Merra soayr Marc.9. V Bac ecm 6par? a, y uenx ecrr 6par. Kar ero sony'r?Ero soryr Ba"qr,ru.

Ou ropracr?Her, on aprr{cr.10.Morï a4pec.Mocrca, yrroIa lapr,r6anr4r.

.{orr,r ecxr. Kraprrapanmr.11. Moü re.ne$on.Y re6gecrr uoü reneSon?a, .ecrr.12. l x*rty B Mocroe. A r4e Bu xlmëre? fl, xtzr.yn [y6He. A rae !y6lra?

.{y6Hana Bo;rre.13. Kyaa rr ugëum? uxys romo.Trr.luo6nul romo?Oqenrnrc6nÍo.14. Kyaa rrr ra4ënrr?l ugy wa craÃrron.Trr lro6rnur cnopr? ,,{a, s rro6nrc

6acrer6o.n.A rrr? fl .nro6lro rÍrxMarbr.15. fae rÉorï 6par?On n ynlmepcrarere. n cry4enr?Her, on nperroÃaBa-

Telrb.16. 9ro Baurarasera? {a, uox. 3ro Baur rypnal? [a, :vroír.17. fae noqra? flo.rra ratvr.Y sac ecm vapror? a, noxa:ryücra.

18. Cro.rmro morr uaprul? Onr.rcrosr oglcr py6.rm úrrbÀecÍT KoÌreeK.19. Oro Haur )'Hr4Bepclrrer. Bor Harrr Krlacc. Oro rrarrr npeno4anare.rr,. groHaÌrr oBaprflq ragMann.

20. 9ro Mor4Ãpy3b{. Anapeü xr.mër s Kraese.Hrcra xomër B Mocxae.

96



KJITOIII4K YNPAXHEHI4.IM

Vpor I2. Moqoa, Bo,ua, ro, Anua,Anrou, ÃoMa, KHo.3.[M^crcs'a],Ày6lra], "ra], [corl, [s^.(al, Kycrl, nan^ì.

4.Myxcrorï poÃ:ÃoM,coK,Kycr,Mocr,rrarra, HToH;cpe4nraipoÃ:oKHo;xencrotftpoÃ:Mocroa, BoÃ4,MaMa.

5. Mrr Ãonaa.,I Brr Ãoua.Oro Anua.9ro I4saH.Om Anron. Mrr3HAKOMbI.

6.Mocroa,oruro;Mocr, cbIH.7..{ou, oruo, l4naw,Attua,Anron.

Ypor 2

1. Mocrrr, croJIbI, JIaMÌrbI,3Írnt't.2. MyxcroÍr poÃ:cron,uacc, Marc;

cpegntaÍaoÃ: cnoBo,MotroKo;xencn'uï po.q:Bo.nra, auna, Mocxaa.

4. [vrr], [rnacc], [c;tosr], [Îcrol.5. Kro ero? 9ro A;ura. Ona Ãoua. Kro gro? Oro Marc. Os Ãoua.7.Kounara, Bo.nra,crol, MoJIoKo.

Vpor 3

l. Haura Mocrea, HarrrcaÃ,HarrreoKHo, BarrrHo)K,naura Bolra, naur

rana, Halrra Auna, naurr lrra$rr, Balra JroxKa, Balr ÃoM, BarÌraKOMHara,BArrraMaürI4Ha,BalII CbrH,Hallr}Í oKHa,HÍ[rra ruKoJra.2. Baurracro;rrr, HaIIrI,ÍcaÃu, HalrrrrMalrr4HÉr,Barrrr4KoMHarbI,

BAUII4 OKHA.

3. Mlurcxoft po4: urra$, Krracc,cbrn, croJr,MaJrbrru;cperÍrr.rú oÃ: cnoBo, oKHo;xencxrnï poÃ: rlrKoJra,JÌoxKa, KoMHara, MaIIrI4Ha.

4. [norrrrll, [r"rga,rì, [rr.raurrrrrl, [car], [urro;rc], [rnyn], [cnoer],Inou].

5. Kro sro? Oro naru crrn. gro Arron. Kax nac soeyr?A,ura. Mu3HaKoMbr. ro gro? 9ro naura urKoJra. or naru rcracc.Bor nalrcaÃ.9ro HÍ rr ÃoM.Bor naura KoMHara.Knacc. Cnoso. Kounata. IIka$. Ilkona.Kounara, oKHo,ÃoM,caÃ.

Vpor 4

Myxcroft po.q:6par, cbrp, LU,IpK,IeHTp,pa3roBop, llpryrcr;xencrurü poÃ: rroÃpyra, /ÍKpa, rleua,pu6a, Aurapa.lqenrpì, [cnn], [r"mn^<ol, qbrpr], [^rp^noul, [yrpr], [nou],[uânvlrì, [4pyx], carl, [ruacrrr], ["rp^nou].

7.8.

z-

J.

l3 3.R!t lt le59



4. 9ro IIIypa. .{a, ero uoü 6par. On a(norar (arponorvr).5. Kar Bac sonyr? Marc. A rar Bac soayr? .{xolr. }ro Bau 4pyr?

[a, ero llran.7. Mo;roro..Crrp. Mac.iro.Ko(pe.Topr.8. Xypna.n, rrox, pu6a, 3aBrpaK.

Vpor 5

l Mytr<crorïpo1: Àplr, ropr, IOpa, 6par, nox;xeucrunï pog: ë.rxa, noga;cpe4nlü pog: r6noro, MonoKo,cJroBo.

2. Moq (raol) rorranara,uoú (moü) ÃoM,Mo_rrraox) uaurrura,rr,rolï rnoú) npyr, lroë (rnoë) c.noao.

3. K:ro gro? Kax eë sonyr? Kro e,ro?Kar ero soew?4. Hawu ca.qhr,Mor4xypHaJIbI, BaÌrrrrKoMHarbI, uo" ooru, uu*"

CJIOBA.

5. [xo-irrgrrl, [xrpûro], [rontrrm], ln^lpyml, [.nourrrl, [car],[uu^ro], [apyr].6. Oro Mocroa.Oro rlenrp.Ã ugy gouoit.Bor uoü 4ou. Oro uor.r

orcra.Bor MoÍ KoMHaTa.To Harrr uracc.gro yro? Oro Haürcro;r._ J(ro ero? Oro Mo.sioÀpyra.Kar eësonyr?Eësoayl 61çla.7. Xo.no4no. opouro.Mocrca. C:roso.8. flo4pyra,Ãpyr,arpouoM, ÃBoKar,opr.

Vpor 6.

1. Iyut*t, [r'or'rl, [T"r,aur], [fl,orp], [cnopr], rr^írr,kl,_nl.

2. Myxcrorã poÀ:xypnarr,Arns;xencrc,nïpoÀ: crarh_s, HI{ra, eMbs,oÃpyra.Cpelxzü poÃ: Merpo.Tërur, rolrrarrr, croJÌbr,MarüLrnbr,KaprrrHbr,Kaprbr, rearpbr.Mox xoruuara, TBor ceMb.s, r,roú4ou, ,uo" ,*r-u, MoÃ sta:rÍ,rr,Mor Marb,TBo_Í erpa.[b, solï orer1.

5. Ttr ne 3naetrrb, ro yro? [a, x snan, Kro sro. Oro cry4enr?ero cry4eur. Kar ero son1,r?Ero:oeyt IOpa.

6. Marr, oreq, 6par, cectpa.7. Tërs, ceMhq,orerI, cryÀenT,Terpâtr-.

Vpox 7.

1. Myr<crorï po4: lryaeü, Tearp,cryÃeHT,ÀrÃs, orerl;xeHclotrï poÃ: croJrlltrIa ylrwr\a, rocrI4HlIIIa, .{Bepb,no)<Ka,

Tauxna, ltarr;cpeÃHltrã poÃ: oKHO, MOJTOKO.

?. Y"" uam, uorï orer{,Mo_rrëra, uoü gxgg,,woir6par,uoü crrn.3. -ÍI-xroy n flerep6ypre.Moü orerlxrcër n [y6ne.-Moü.qp1r xr,reër

?--trupry.. fl, 6Hns uysee. {ern 6rurr.r-*óo..

Arrrra1rrtaB My3ee.$Vna 6rur Byr-r,rBepcr4rere.una v VLlla;rrr,run:reatpe. {eru6rrrlt s qrzpKe.Mot,tÃpysrxpa6orarorHa3aBo.qe.

J.

4.

98



Vnpaarcnenun

4. [car], [cr^rr,rurr], la r'yúr'yl, [pr'lm'npc'rr'er], [uys'sü],[cn^c'ra6r], ^Hrp'sftI.

5. Ão6prú 4erm,A;ura! flo6prrftgerm,An4peft!Ky4a rrr r44ëun,Alrlra? ae ru 6rura, Nr:na?l.6ua n qenrpe. Trr 6rrna n rearpe?HEr, .s 6buraB My3ee.

6. Vrlmepcrrrr. Croru.qa. Tearp.7. Mocrca. Iocrr.mcla. Cromala. Vnurepcrarer.Ilko.na.8. Bn xeirarrr, Arqpeü? [a, x xewar. Batra xeua r,ulrerep? Ona

6nolor. lÃe onapa6oraer?Onapa6omerB r4Hcrr{Tyle. ro sro?9ro rvroü rur. On crygeuT?On cryaerr-$usrzr<.Brr pa6oraerena sano4e? a, na saloÃe.

Vpor 8

l. 9Ls sro.{ocb? leü sro oreu? {rs gro rounara? grra sro qacu?IIeü e,ro6par? leú ero .qpyr?9rlr ero xypnanrr? 9tn gro raserrr?9rra ero aerra?lr.Í gro uaurr,nra?

2. Ã .vlztrarcypuaJr.Moü oreq pa6maerB rrrKoJreMoü crnr xopoürornrTaer.-ÍI pa6oraroB My3oeEpar rl cecrpaqrraror rrr,ÍcbMo.

3. Mo-s rraarrpa6oranaB rrrKoJre.l.,rzffanxypnaJr. Mox govr wmararrr,ÍcbMo.Moü gpyr pa6oranBynr4Bepcrrrere.4e pa6orannaurorcq?Morï oreu pa6-ora.na 3aBoÃo.4e pa6ora;ra nox cecrpa? Ãe nrrpa6oratrn'lBlr .rrrarLr xypna.n?

4. [p^6ov'ruï], [v'I,rrrrp'u], [rrlar'], [rusct'], [.u'sn'rar'1, [4,ec,rr,v'uco(!|, [ov'mr'], [4ov'].

5.Meru sotyr Mapi,m.Ã r;pau. saMyxeru. ro rr.roúvrpr.Ero sonyr

Àxon.6. Bpav, pa6owút, a,@oKar,KypHaJlr4cr,lponoM, t4H)KeHep,pracr.13. Bpau.9errrpe. Marr. .{o.n.14.Crarrrare, ro sro?9ro ruo-sovr. Kar eësonyr? Eë sonyrKar*.

Ona yxe pa6oraer?Het, onane pa6oraer.Ona crygernxa?OnacTyÃeHTKa.

Ypor 9

1. .ÍI xrmy s JIoHÃoHe. on.upyarx KrrByr Jlurepny.ne. u4peü aHrarcrraxr{Byr B Kvece.

-fle4yn Kraen.Mor;r

apyre4era Covn.

Àxorr z [xgr eayt n flerep6ypr. Mrr 6rurv BMy3oe.fl r4r n rear:p.2. fl.'*rraro )Kypnan .Mocxla>.fl.nro6:rroflDoa.Mrr e4err,rKuet.

Ouu ra4n B KLrHo.Ona 6rua B Tearpe.Onapa6oruerB [rr(oJre.3. fl.6lutr r flercp6ypre. Í 6rur n rea,rpe.ÍI )KzByB Kr,rese. g6rl,,rs

rcrro. Í xir4ByB Mouoe . fl, ugyu napr. .Í[ e4yr Covn.4. Oro nroüapyr Aruperï I4sauos.Orl xrasër n Kzeae.On pa6ovr.nï.

On pa6oraetHa 3aBoÃe.ro xena npau.Oro w( Ãe.rfi. or ro<Ãou.Onn ganno)Krmyr yr.

5. gro lvro.s eMËs. ro uoft oreq. On pa6ovraï.On pa6oraerna3aBoÃe. n .nro6rar a6orarr. Bevepouox rno6lrr il4Tarb)KypHaJrbr{

ra3erbr.Oro uo-suarl. Onanpav. Onapa6omer r 6o.rrrnr.nre. ra

13. 99



.rno6rrpa6marr. Bor rvroü6pat. On sryÃer , KaKn s. On o.reH6

.mo6rar nopr. On.mo6m xorcceü.gro uos cecrpa.Onapa6oraernynÍrBepcrrTere. na rqreuo4aaaro.nr. namo6ür rarsreaarÉLr rerb.Ona o.reub nro6rrtearp.

6. Jlywue rro34{o, .rerr,Ífld<orau.Vrpo aevepaMyÃpenee.

Vpor l0

l. .{ roaoprono-pyccKu.On rrnoxoroBoprrr o-pyccKrl. Brr ronoprreno-anurrïcrçr? Her, x He roBoprono-anurmircr<u.Otrtao.reÍrrxopo[ro roBop.Írro-pyccKrÍ. Moü cmr HeMHorooBopr4rno-anr.nmïcrçr.BauruÃerl4 oBopÍTno-arrarttcrcr. BarrraEo.rÉmxe roBopr4tno-arurl ãcKI{?

2. llerrrpe py6ns,ÃBaularr pyúreü, ,rprdrlrcÍrm py6leü.3. Moü crnr, rr,roü yx, uoü ronaprnrSuoü npavj

'

MOq ÃO!{É,MO-'IXeHa, MorI BeII[b, HaIIIa IIoqTa, Mog qautr<a;

Moë rMcbMo.5. .ÍI:rc,oy B JIoHÃoHe. .fl npav. -fl xenar. Mos xena ne pa6maer.9ro naruz .4eur.Mrr egeun flerep6ypr. Mor xorÌa roBoprrrno-pyccKr4.

r00



PrefaceA$habetArrparr4r ...,....,...:....... ..............................5Tableof thehardconsonants.a6nraqa epgbrx coüracHLrx.,.........................,......6Tableof thesoft consonants.a6nwp MÍrKHxcoflracHbrx.,.-,-.--.-.-.-..,.--.-.-.6Tableof combinationsf the consonants.a6nrua coqeraHuü o racnbrx...........7Some rincipalpecúiarities f Russian honeticSystem...............,..........,..,.............8

Lesson. ìrPOK IIEPBbIIï.

Vowelsa a] ,o [o],y [y], e [e],u [u],u [u].Syllable. onsonants[rra],66],n [n],n [e], ô [ô], Ã[Ã], r[r], n[n], r [r],x [r], s [:], c [c]. Stressedndunstressedowels.Reduction frmstressedowels.The Genderof Norurs.TheNominative Case.Omission n the PresentTenseof theEquivalent fEnglishVerb <TOBE>.TheFirst ntonâtional onstruçtionlIK-l).Homework.

Lesson . I.POK BTOPOü. ..................... ..........21The HardConsonant [n]. The PluralofNorms. The SecondntonationalConstruction LIK-2). Homework.

Lesson . yPOK TPETIIü ..................................25

TheHardConsonantsl [ür],x [x]. Possesiveronouns AIII our(s),BAIIIyour(s).VoicedandVoicelessConsonants.omework.

Lesson . ?OK !IETBEPTbtrï. ................. .................................30The HardConsonant [p]. The HardConsonant [q]. TheThird IntonationalConstructionr{K-3.Homework.

Lesson5. frPOK IIflTbüTheHardConsonant [x]. The SoftConsonant [ü]. Letters , ë, ro,e.Possessiveronorms and2 Persons ingular. heHardStemAdjectives.(Whatkindof ... raxoü, xarax, xaxoe). Question ndAnswers.Functionsof Adjectives n a Sentence. omework.

Lesson . YPOK IIIECTOü.TheSoftConsonants6'], [n'], [s'], tQ'1, r"r'1,H'], r'], [n'].The NegativeAnswers o the Questionwith IIK-3. The Letter<o>.TheVerbs.TheConjugationof úe Verb 3HATb (to know). ThePesentTense.Imperativeof the verbs.Homework.

Lesson .yPOK CEIFMOü. .................... ..................................50TheSoft Consonantn']. TheConjugation fúe verbs IIOEIITb (ro ove).Thè PresentTense.TheAccusativeDenoting he Direct Objectof NounsInanimateMasculineand NerÍer. The SoftConsonantp']. The Conjugationof the Verb XI,ITb (to live). QuestionF[E? (where?)

The Prepositional fNouns. The PrepositionalDenotingPlace.TheEndings fúe Prepositional ingutar. heSoftConsonantc'], [s'].TheConjugationof theVerb PAEOTATb (towork).ThePastTenseof the Verb. The Verb EbITb (tobe)in the Present nd PastTense.Homework.

+)



Lesson8. ì.POKBOC6MOü .............................61TheSoftConsonantr [v']. Countl l-20)Koropuü uac?what time is it? Theconjugationof úe verb gzrATb (to read).TheAccusativeDenotingThe Direct o_Uect. heconjugationorae verb 4EleÍl(to do). ïhe IntenogativePronotm tIEü (whose?).The Fo'rth IntonationalConstruction IIK-4). Proverb.Homework.

Lesson9. ì.POK ruBffTbü ...............................j2TheSoftConsonantsr'], [r'], [x,]. TheConjugationf the Verb OBOp?ITb(to speak,o say).The Conjugationof VerbsHITI4 (to go,to walk) andEXATb(to go, o havelby...).Expressionf Place ndDirection.TheConstructionúth úe QuestionsÀE? andKyÀA?TheConstructionCKOJIbKO CTO?IT...? Howmuch s ...D CKOJIbKOCTO-flT...? Howmuchare ..?).Conjugationf úe Verbsby modelgI{TATb,CTIPAIIII,IBATb, OTBEqATb, CJIYIIIATb, IOHI4MATb, I43YI{ATb.AyMATb. Conjugationf theVerbsby model III4CATb (rowrite).Text <Mu r.r3yqaeMyccKrüqslm>>. heAdverbs.Homework.

Lesson 0.yPOKmCflïbtrï

.............................87The Soft Consonant [rq']. ThePluralofúe Nouns.TheFifth IntonationalConstructionZK-5). Text<Mocrga). Homework.

Singwiú us:Kannrlxa.Karroura........... ..............,.91Russianpeech, onventions,ar rouop_rrno-pyccrü4..,..,....,..........................,......93VnpaxHeHraxnr pa6orrr c rraarnrarotpouoM.......,........,...... ..........95(DoueruqecrreÃr{KTaHTbr....,... ...,....,....,.,....,.........95,{r.rxranrrr........ .....,..........,......,..,...96Key to exercises.ruoqr x ynpaxHeHúrM.. ...,..,....g7

Bao4nrü rloneruxo-rpaMMarrìqecxuo-rï;1lrï.i:ïr,rKa

ÃrÍ nrrq, oBop.suüxo-aHür'üc*r.r

T.V.ShustikovaIntroductory Russian phonetic-grammar course for English speakers

JIP rtb 64795 r I 6. 0. 996Cxanoa na6op23.03.1997.losnrcaao r rcqa.m2.06.1997@opuar60x90/g.

ËyMaraoôcsrHar.ne.r.n.13.Tr4rax 50003rc.3aKa3 Ê19S9.

3AO (CoBelllleucrB n, l732l, À4oçrca, lt 44.

Omeqarauo c torororo opïnruarr-Ma(era D CÀroreuc(oüo6aaç"rnoüop4eaa <3nax lorera> rrmorpaQan ru. Cuupuooa

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no3BoJrfler HnroroBopflrrlrrMqaurrucfl, rÍ3yqaroqrrMpyccruü q3brn,nouflTb ero

Jlorlrny,a 3Harrr.rr,rerqe3anoMnr{Tr, y lrJur .nryroQopuy. Kax4ar ra6.nnqacna6xena KoHKperHbrMurpnMepaMtl, 3flTbtMr{r3coBpeMenuoro a3roBopnoro

fl3btrca, ro no3BoJrfler qaurr{Mcfl BltÀerb,KaKTo rlJrn noe Qopnrenxoe paBr.uto

pear[3yeTcqBpequ.

IIrÀaHue Moxer 6urr unrepecno rr flpenoÀanarerflMpyccnoro fl3brnaKaK

Irnocrpaunoro, Koropbtepa6oraror c aunrofl3btqHoüay4uropneü.

IIo aonpocatu nmo66tx3&KynoK 6pat4aúmeco

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MemoÔuqecKoú, yxoeHoú numepamypbt, yqeõHuKoeu yqe6Hbtxnoco6uúÒnna6umypueHmoe,Kofi u ey3oe.

flpurnauaeu K corpyÃHl4t'recrByBTopoB l aBTopcKl4e onfleKTuBblcoanecrxoü pa6ore B nporpaMMe "f'lpaxrnvecxan ncrxoflorilg Bo6pasoaanru", a raoxe no il3ÃaHiltoKHír no nonynlpnoú ncuxonortar4,yve6noüu uHrenneKryanunoüÍreparypbt.

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ffnn nrceu:117321,Mocxea,alnM.Tene$on/$axc:(095)362-83-1.

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