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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM 1

Phonetic Chart

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Page 1: Phonetic Chart

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM1

Page 2: Phonetic Chart

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM2

THE ENGLISH SOUND SYSTEM

PHONEMES

24 CONSONANTS

20 VOWELS

Page 3: Phonetic Chart

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Short Vowel SoundsShort Vowel Sounds

/ɪ/ (ship)

bin

pin

sit

/ɪ/ (ship)

bin

pin

sit

/e/ (pen)

pen

ten

bell

/e/ (pen)

pen

ten

bell

/æ/ (man)

pan

man

bag

/æ/ (man)

pan

man

bag

/ʌ / (cup)

cup

hut

bun

/ʌ / (cup)

cup

hut

bun

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Short Vowel SoundsShort Vowel Sounds

/ə/ (a camera)

a camera

a glass

a book

/ə/ (a camera)

a camera

a glass

a book

/ɒ/ (clock)

hot

cot

top

/ɒ/ (clock)

hot

cot

top

/ʊ/ (book)

book

cook

look

/ʊ/ (book)

book

cook

look

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

ConsonantsConsonants

/p/ (pen)

pen

pencil

paper

/p/ (pen)

pen

pencil

papervoiceless

/b/ (baby)

bin

box

bear

/b/ (baby)

bin

box

bearvoiced

/t/ (tin)

tin

tail

ten

/t/ (tin)

tin

tail

tenvoiceless

/d/ (door)

door

duck

doll

/d/ (door)

door

duck

dollvoiced

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

ConsonantsConsonants

/k/ (key)

car

cup

cat

/k/ (key)

car

cup

catvoiceless

/f/ (fin)

fin

five

four

/f/ (fin)

fin

five

fourvoiceless

/g/ (girl)

goat

girl

glass

/g/ (girl)

goat

girl

glassvoiced

/v/ (van)

van

vase

veil

/v/ (van)

van

vase

veil voiced

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

ConsonantsConsonants

/θ/ (thin)

thin

thumb

thick

/θ/ (thin)

thin

thumb

thickvoiceless

/ð/ (than)

they

there

those

/ð/ (than)

they

there

thosevoiced

/s/ (sun)

sun

sit

sand

/s/ (sun)

sun

sit

sandvoiceless

/z/ (zoo)

zoo

zip

zebra

/z/ (zoo)

zoo

zip

zebravoiced

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

ConsonantsConsonants

/h/ (hat)

hill

heel

hand

/h/ (hat)

hill

heel

hand voiceless

/m/ (mouth)

me

met

moon

/m/ (mouth)

me

met

moonvoiced

/n/ (nose)

nose

nine

noise

/n/ (nose)

nose

nine

noisevoiced

/l/ (letter)

low

light

line

/l/ (letter)

low

light

linevoiced

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

ConsonantsConsonants

/r/ (wrong)

right

red

rose

/r/ (wrong)

right

red

rosevoiced

/j/ (yellow)

yolk

yam

yes

/j/ (yellow)

yolk

yam

yesvoiced

/w/ (window)

we

wheel

wet

/w/ (window)

we

wheel

wetvoiced

/ʒ/ (television)

television

treasure

garage

/ʒ/ (television)

television

treasure

garagevoiced

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ConsonantsConsonants

/ʃ/ (shoe)

she

shoe

ship

/ʃ/ (shoe)

she

shoe

shipvoiceless

/tʃ/ (cherry)

chips

chin

cherry

/tʃ/ (cherry)

chips

chin

cherryvoiceless

/dʒ/ (jam)

jam

jeep

jar

/dʒ/ (jam)

jam

jeep

jarvoiced

/ŋ/ (ring)

wing

thing

wrong

/ŋ/ (ring)

wing

thing

wrongvoiced

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Long MonophthongsLong Monophthongs

/i:/ (sheep)

heel

peel

leek

/i:/ (sheep)

heel

peel

leek

/ɜ:/ (girl)

bird

turn

burn

/ɜ:/ (girl)

bird

turn

burn

/u :/ (boot)

pool

root

tooth

/u :/ (boot)

pool

root

tooth

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Long MonophthongsLong Monophthongs

/ɔ:/ (ball)

port

fork

tall

/ɔ:/ (ball)

port

fork

tall

/a:/ (heart)

march

card

barn

/a:/ (heart)

march

card

barn

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

DiphthongsDiphthongs

/eɪ/ (tail)

tail

pain

wait

/eɪ/ (tail)

tail

pain

wait

/aɪ/ (fine)

buy

tie

kite

/aɪ/ (fine)

buy

tie

kite

/ɔɪ/ (boy)

oil

coin

toy

/ɔɪ/ (boy)

oil

coin

toy

/aʊ/ (house)

cow

bow

brow

/aʊ/ (house)

cow

bow

brow

Page 14: Phonetic Chart

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

DiphthongsDiphthongs

/əʊ/ (phone)

float

coat

boat

/əʊ/ (phone)

float

coat

boat

/ɪə/ (beer)

ear

tear

dear

/ɪə/ (beer)

ear

tear

dear

/eə/ (chair)

air

pear

hair

/eə/ (chair)

air

pear

hair

/ ʊə / (sure)

sure

pure

cure

/ ʊə / (sure)

sure

pure

cure

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Phonics

• an approach to teaching reading• aims at building foundational skills

in beginning readers• use of phonics depends on the

practitioners’ beliefs about reading

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Good Phonics Instruction should:

a. develop the alphabetic principle – the notion that letters in words stand for specific sounds

b. develop phonological awareness – recognition of sounds in spoken words (phoneme awareness)

c. provide a sound grounding in the letters – learning the shapes and names of letters

d. provide sufficient practice in reading words – in isolation or in context

e. lead automatic word recognition – phonics instruction is not the end but the means to help children read words automatically

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM17

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

Phoneme : /s/

Grapheme : s

ssc

1. Form a cobra head with your hand.2. Trace the letter ‘s’ in the air and, say s…

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Phoneme : /æ/

Grapheme : a

Imagine a spider crawling up your arm and say eh… 

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Phoneme : /t/

Grapheme : t

Tap two fingers on the desk and say t…

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Phoneme : /p/

Grapheme : p

Place four fingers in front of your mouth and say p…

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM22

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Phoneme : /ɪ/

Grapheme : i

Show your teeth and say e.

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Phoneme : /n/

Grapheme : n

Touch the tip of your nose and say n… 

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Phoneme : /m/

Grapheme :

m

Lick an ice-cream and say m…

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Phoneme : /d/

Grapheme : d

Drumming action and say d…

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Phoneme : /g/

Grapheme : g

1. You are cold, clutch your hands and shiver2. Say ggg 

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Phoneme : /ɒ/

Grapheme : o

Draw a small circle (anti clockwise) in the air and say o

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Phoneme : /k/

Grapheme : ck

ck

Action of flying a kite and say k

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Phoneme : /e/

Grapheme : e

Walk like an elephant and say eh

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uh

Phoneme : /ʌ/

Grapheme : u

Look up and say uh

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Phoneme : /r/

Grapheme : r

Be a lion and say rrr

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Phoneme : /h/

Grapheme : h

1. Place your palm in front of your mouth.2. Laugh haha

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Phoneme : /b/

Grapheme : b

Action of balloon bursting and say b… 

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Phoneme : /f/

Grapheme : fff

Action of bird flying and say f…

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Phoneme : /l/

Grapheme : lll

Raise both arms upright and say ll.. 

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Phoneme : /dʒ/

Grapheme : gj

Jump and say j.

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Phoneme : /v/

Grapheme : v

Show the peace sign and say v.

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Phoneme : /w/

Grapheme : w

Join two peace signs and say w.

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Phoneme : /ks/ /gz/

Grapheme : x

Cross your hands and say ks..

Slash ‘x’ and say gz..

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM44

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Phoneme : /j/

Grapheme : y

Nod and say yeh

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Phoneme : /z/

Grapheme : zzz

Trace ‘z’ in the air and say z..

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Phoneme : /kw/

Grapheme :

qu

Action of a duck flapping its wings once and say qua

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Phoneme : / tʃ /

Grapheme :

ch

1. Action of a moving train with both arms 2. Say ch. 

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Phoneme : /ʃ /

Grapheme :

sh

Finger on the lips and say sh..

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM51

Phoneme : / θ/voiceless

Phoneme : / ð/voiced

Grapheme :

th

Show the thumb and say th.

Point with the thumb and say th.

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Phoneme : /ŋ /

Grapheme :

ng

Action of mosquito buzzing around ears and say ng….

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM54

cat mat

bat rat

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hat sat

pat

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rat and cat

cat and bat

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hat and mat

pat a cat

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a mat

a cat on a mat

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a rat on a mat

a bat on a mat

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a hat on a mata cat and a rat on a mat

a cat, a bat and a rat on a mat

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High Frequency Words

Decodable Not Decodable

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Decodable Words :

Phonetically decodable words should be taught according to the principle of saying sounds in a word in the order in which they occur.

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Not Decodable Words :

Some words are not decodable using the grapheme-phoneme correspondence. They are also called tricky words.

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Tricky Words :

thetoInogointo

youtheyallaremyherheshe

wemebewas

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Tricky Words :

saidhavelikesodosomecome

weretherelittleonewhenoutwhatoh

theirpeopleMrMrslookedcalledaskedcould

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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIABAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM66

Regina Joseph CyrilEnglish Language

[email protected]

03-8884 2088