Enlarged breasts Less facial hair than men Hair growth in
armpits and pubis Wider at the hips than shoulders Fat deposits
around buttocks and hips More body fat than men Hands and feet
smaller than men Angle from thigh to ankle is slightly bent
Slide 3
Uterus (womb) the hollow, pear- shaped organ located between
the bladder and anus Endometrium the glandular inner lining to the
uterus Fibrium a fingerlike projection at the end of the Fallopian
tube
Slide 4
Vagina the muscular canal extending from the cervix to the
outer environment Cervix a muscular band that separates the vagina
from the uterus Fallopian tube (oviduct) one of the two tubes that
connect the ovaries to the uterus
Slide 5
Slide 6
During fetal development the ovaries descend in females but
remain in the pelvic region Oocytes (immature ova or eggs) are all
present by birth in the ovary
Slide 7
The uterus is the largest organ in the female reproductive
system and is made of 2 tissues 1) Muscular outer lining 2)
Glandular inner lining called the endometrium Ovaries are connected
to the uterus by 2 Fallopian tubes aka oviducts The fallopian tubes
have fimbria at the ends
Slide 8
the vagina connects the uterus to the external environment
Where sexual intercourse occurs Is very acidic to kill microbes the
cervix separates the vagina from the uterus
Slide 9
Cervix cancer is a common cancer in women Pap tests collect a
sample from the cervix that can show abnormalities Reproductive and
excretory systems remain separate within women but not in men
though women are more prone to bladder infections
Slide 10
an ovum has many nutrients and is much larger than a sperm cell
females usually produce one ovum at a time while men make millions
of sperm a day ovum also have 23 chromosomes
Slide 11
1) oogenesis the formation and development of mature ova 2)
follicle structure in the ovary that contains the oocyte 3)
grandulosa the layer of small cells that forms the wall of the
follicle
Slide 12
4) ovulation release of the secondary oocyte from the follicle
held within the ovary 5) corpus luteum a mass of follicle cells
that forms within the ovary after ovulation Secretes estrogen and
progesterone
Slide 13
oogenesis is the creation of an ovum which occurs in the
ovaries in cells called follicles Follicles contain : 1) primary
oocyte and 2) grandulosa cells provides nutrients for oocytes
Slide 14
1) The primary oocyte divides 2) It undergoes a cell division -
most of the nutrients move to make a secondary oocyte and the first
one (polar cell) dies 3) The follicle cells surround the secondary
oocyte and create a fluid- filled cavity
Slide 15
4) The dominant secondary oocyte is released through the
weakened ovary wall (called ovulation) 5) The secondary ooycte
moves into the Fallopian tube with help from the fimbria 6) The
oocyte can be fertilized here it will divide unequally again and
another polar body will die off
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dYxH 9MxRpw
Slide 16
if the ooycte is fertilized the follicle cells within the ovary
change into the corpus luteum which and make hormones necessary for
pregnancy If it is not fertilized the corpus luteum degenerates in
about 10 days and the ooyctes deteriorates in 24 hours
Slide 17
is when the Fallopian tubes are cut and tied
Slide 18
Divided into 4 phases 1) Menstruation (flow phase) shedding of
the endometrium lasts about 5 days 2) Follicular phase follicles
develop in the ovary Estrogen is made by the follicles Takes 6 13
days
Slide 19
3) Ovulatory phase when the secondary oocyte breaks out of the
ovary and the follicular cells differentiate into the corpus luteum
occurs on day 14 4) The luteal phase starts when the corpus luteum
is created days 15-28
Slide 20
The bottom diagram shows the thickness of the endometrium
through the 4 cycles
Slide 21
1) Estrogen causes the thickening of the endometrium during the
menstrual cycle Also responsible for secondary sexual
characteristics 2) Progesterone causes the change in the
endometrium preparing for a uterus
Slide 22
estrogen and progesterone are made by the corpus luteum (2 nd
place estrogen is made) Progesterone inhibits more ovulation,
prevents uterine contractions and firms the cervix If fertilization
doesnt occur, estrogen and progesterone will decrease and uterine
contractions will cause the endometrium to shed
Slide 23
Women are born with about 400 000 follicles in their ovaries
Many follicles will never reach maturity and will be reabsorbed
into the ovary Women will have about 400 eggs mature in their
lifetime Menopause occurs when ovulation stops and a drop of
hormones will occur What is though about women getting pregnant
later in life?
Slide 24
GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) made in the hypothalamus
signals the pituitary to produce FSH and LH after female puberty
FSH is carried by the blood to the ovaries during the follicular
phase which causes follicle development
Slide 25
The follicles secrete estrogen which causes the development of
the endometrium A high level of estrogen signals to the pituitary
to stop secreting FSH AND it stimulates LH creation in the
pituitary which causes ovulation
Slide 26
LH causes follicular cells to form into the corpus luteum (the
luteum phase begins) The corpus luteum creates progesterone and
estrogen which make the endometrium more developed
Slide 27
High levels of progesterone and estrogen stop the release of
FSH and LH this allows the corpus luteum to deteriorate and slowing
the creation of progesterone and estrogen The drop in ovarian
hormones begins menstruation
Slide 28
Slide 29
may contain high levels of progesterone which stops ovulation
and therefore no babies (most of the time)
Slide 30
1) Read the last paragraph on page 526 2) Do the lab exercise
on page 527 & 528 #1-4 (including the graph) and hand it in 3)
Copy figure 6 into your notes 4) Copy what you need of Table 2 and
3 into your notes (or just write them on your cards)