Learning

acquiring, modifying or reinforcing new or existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, attitudes

Types of learning

Non-associative learning

• Habituation

• Sensitisation

Associative learning

• Classical conditioning – (Pavlov)

• Operant conditioning

• Imprinting

Observational learning

Emulation (Bobo Doll)

Play

Enculturation

Episodic learning

Cognitive learning

Formal Informal

Learning Styles

Include:

• environmental preferences

• sensory modalities

• personality types

• cognitive styles

Honey and Mumford - LSQ

• activists (learn primarily by experience)

• reflectors (learn from reflective observation)

• theorists (learn from exploring associations and interrelationships)

• pragmatics (learn from doing or trying things with practical outcomes)

Neil Fleming's model

• visual learners • auditory learners • reading-writing learners • kinaesthetic - tactile learners

Essentials in formal education

Decide to learn

Determine the purpose of learning

Orient yourself through the material

Choose one of these activities: - Search for information elsewhere - Go through the material several times - Underline - Make sketches or presentations

Think of the application of the knowledge/problem-solving

Ask yourself questions – answer

Repeat and repeat

Memory

• Sensory memory

• Short-term memory

• Long-term memory

recognition and recall

• Topographic memory

• Flashbulb memories

• Declarative memory (Episodic and Semantic)

Tip of the tongue phenomenon

Learning Curve

Nine Swap Cell Ring Lust

Plugs Lamp Apple Table Sway

Army Bank Fire Hold Worm

Clock Horse Color Baby Sword

Desk Hold Find Bird Rock

Words per minute

The average adult reads text at 250 to 300 wpm

Adults can listen with full comprehension at 300 - 500 wpm

Adults hand-write at 31 wpm for

memorized text - 22 wpm copying

Typing 150-22 wpm

Knowledge retention

• two-third to three-fourth of knowledge will be retained after one year

• slightly below fifty percent in the next year

• 15-20% for 15-20 years

Repetition

Skill retention

Driving, bicycle riding, swimming

Advanced life support knowledge and skills decay by 6 months to 1 year after training and skills decay faster than knowledge.

Attitudes retention?

Conclusion

Learning is a miraculous opportunity to shape oneself into one’s image

into Uniqueness