Phonological Awareness Phonics Spelling

Phonological Awareness

Phonics

SpellingMelinda Carrillo

Best Predictors of Reading SuccessLetter Knowledge

Phonological Awareness

Knowledge About Print

TerminologyPhonological Awareness

Phonemic Awareness

Phoneme

Phonics

MorphemeThe awareness of and the ability to manipulate language.The understanding that speech is composed of individual sounds and the ability to manipulate those sounds.The smallest unit of sound.A system of teaching reading and spelling through sound-symbol relationships.The smallest meaningful unit of language.

Letter KnowledgeA child who can recognize most letters with thorough confidence will have an easier time learning about letter sounds and word spellings than a child who also has to work at distinguishing the individual letters.Adams, 1990

Phonemic AwarenessPhonemic awareness is more highly related to learning to read than are tests of general intelligence, reading readiness, and listening comprehension.

Stanovich, 1993

Phonemic AwarenessIt is unlikely that children lacking phonemic awareness can benefit fully from phonics instruction since they do not understand what letters and spellings are suppose to represent.

Juel, Griffith, & Gough, 1986

Phonological Awareness ActivitiesRhymingPhoneme BlendingPhoneme CountingSyllable CountingPhoneme DeletionPhoneme SegmentationPhoneme Change

RhymingRead AloudsNursery RhymesSentence CompletionI see a frog,sitting on a ____.

Phoneme BlendingAll Oral

Put the sounds together/c/ /a/ /t/=cat

Phoneme SegmentationAll Oral

Break the sounds apartCat = /c/ /a/ /t/Lake = /l/ /a/ /k/

Phoneme DeletionAll OralDrop a soundSay cat.Now drop the /c/.What do you have?

Phoneme ChangeAll OralDrop a sound and add a sound.Say dog.Drop the /d/ and add a /l/.Drop the /g/ and add a /t/.

5 Tasks of Phonemic AwarenessKnowledge of nursery rhymesCompare and contrast soundsOrally blend wordsOrally segment wordsPhonemic manipulation tasks

Knowledge About PrintHow books work.

Text flows from left to rightRead the page top to bottomLine sweepConcept of word

Phonics and Decoding

English Language44 Phonemes (sounds)25 Consonant Phonemes19 Vowel PhonemesOver 200 ways to spell 44 sounds!

DecodingPoorly developed word recognition skills are the most pervasive and debilitating source of reading difficulty.

Adams, 1990

Phonics Instruction ShouldBe dailyBe completed by the end of 2nd gradeBe built on a foundation of phonemic awarenessBe systematic and explicitBe focusedProvide practice with decodable textsInclude regular assessmentProvide for intervention

Systematic Explicit Phonics InstructionPhonemic warm-upTeach sound/symbolPractice blendingApply to decodable textDictation and spellingWord work

4 Ways To Read WordsDecoding Reading words that are unfamiliar in print

Analogy Recognizing how spelling is similar to known words

Prediction Guess what the word might be

Sight Using memory to read words that have been read before

Types of Literature forBeginning ReadersDecodable Text

High Quality Trade Books

Predictable Texts

Instructional Modifications for English LearnersDecodables with visual supportpreceded by ELDcommon vocabularyStudent/Teacher Generated Textpractice sound/symbolreinforce phonicsHigh Quality Trade Booksbuild academic language

What To Do If They Dont Get It?

Re-teach 3 years of phonics?

Focus on exactly what they need to learn and teach it!