Nationalist Revolution Sweep the West, 1789-1900

Chapter 24

Latin America Peoples Win Independence

Ch. 24, Section 1

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Creoles

Simon Bolivar

Jose de San Martin

Miguel Hidalgo

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Led a slave revolt that ended slavery on the island of Hispaniola

Creoles

Spearheaded the independence movement in Latin America

Why do you think that Latin-American-born Spaniards, a group that suffered far less

oppression than other groups, would be the group to lead the

revolution against Spain?

Simon Bolivar

The Liberator Led his forces against the Spanish army in the

Battle of Ayacucho The last major battle in the Spanish colonies’ war for

independence

Jose de San Martin

Military officer who liberated parts of Spanish-speaking South America Won independence for Argentina and Chile

Gave up command of his army afterwards

Miguel Hidalgo

Priest

Issued Grito de Dolores Called for a peasant rebellion in Mexico

Led the independence movement in Mexico

Europe Faces Revolution

Section 2

Schools of political thought

Nationalism

Nation-State

Balkans

Louis-Napoleon

Alexander II

Schools of political thought

Conservative Wealthy property owners and nobility Argued for protecting traditional monarchies in

Europe

Liberal Middle-class business leaders and merchants Wanted to give more power to elected parliments

Only the educated and landowners could vote

Radical Wanted drastic change Thought that government should practice the ideals

of the French Revolution

Nationalism

The belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history

Nation-State

An independent geographical unit of people having a common culture and identity.

Balkans

The region of southeastern Europe Now occupied by Greece, Albania, Bulgaria,

Romania, the European part of Turkey, and the former republics of Yugoslavia

Louis-Napoleon

Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte

Took the title of Emperor Napoleon III

Alexander II

Son of Czar Nicholas I

Moved Russia towards modernization and social change

NationalismSection 3

Empires that suffered from nationalism

Junkers

Otto von Bismarck

Realpolitik

Empires that suffered from nationalism

Austria

Russia Russification

The process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Russian Empire

Ottoman Empire

Junkers

Strongly conservative members of Prussia’s wealthy landowning class

Otto von Bismarck

Prime minister of Prussia

Conservative Junker

Realpolitik

“The politics of reality”

Describes tough power politics with no room for individualism

Revolutions in the Arts

Section 4

Romanticism

Emotion

Realism

Impressionism

Impressionist painters

Romanticism

An early 19th-century movement in art and thought, which focused on emotion and nature rather than reason and society.

Emotion

Key element of romanticism

Realism

19th-century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be

Romanticism vs. RealismSimilarities Differences

Impressionism

A movement in 19th-century painting, in which artists reacted against realism by seeking to convey their impressions of subjects or moments in time

Impressionist painters

Goal To show a moment in time at a glance

Nationalism

How did nationalism

influence the artistic art

movement s we discussed?