Nationalist Revolution Sweep the West, 1789-1900

Chapter 24

Latin America Peoples Win Independence

Ch. 24, Section 1

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Creoles

Simon Bolivar

Jose de San Martin

Miguel Hidalgo

Toussaint L’Ouverture Led a slave revolt that ended slavery on the

island of Hispaniola

Creoles Spearheaded the independence movement in

Latin America

Why do you think that Latin-American-

born Spaniards, a group that suffered far less oppression than other groups, would be the group

to lead the revolution against Spain?

Simon Bolivar The Liberator

Led his forces against the Spanish army in the Battle of Ayacucho The last major battle in the Spanish colonies’ war for

independence

Jose de San Martin Military officer who liberated parts of Spanish-

speaking South America Won independence for Argentina and Chile

Gave up command of his army afterwards

Miguel Hidalgo Priest Issued Grito de Dolores

Called for a peasant rebellion in Mexico Led the independence movement in Mexico

Europe Faces Revolution

Section 2

Schools of political thought

Nationalism

Nation-State

Balkans

Louis-Napoleon

Alexander II

Schools of political thought Conservative

Wealthy property owners and nobility Argued for protecting traditional monarchies in

Europe Liberal

Middle-class business leaders and merchants Wanted to give more power to elected parliments

Only the educated and landowners could vote

Radical Wanted drastic change Thought that government should practice the ideals

of the French Revolution

Nationalism The belief that people’s greatest loyalty should

not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history

Nation-State An independent geographical unit of people

having a common culture and identity.

Balkans The region of southeastern Europe

Now occupied by Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, the European part of Turkey, and the former republics of Yugoslavia

Louis-Napoleon Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte Took the title of Emperor Napoleon III

Alexander II Son of Czar Nicholas I Moved Russia towards modernization and social

change

NationalismSection 3

Empires that suffered from nationalismJunkers

Otto von Bismarck

Realpolitik

Empires that suffered from nationalism Austria Russia

Russification The process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic

groups in the Russian Empire

Ottoman Empire

Junkers Strongly conservative members of Prussia’s

wealthy landowning class

Otto von Bismarck Prime minister of Prussia Conservative Junker

Realpolitik “The politics of reality” Describes tough power politics with no room for

individualism

Revolutions in the Arts

Section 4

Romanticism

Emotion

Realism

Impressionism

Impressionist painters

Romanticism An early 19th-century movement in art and

thought, which focused on emotion and nature rather than reason and society.

Emotion Key element of romanticism

Realism 19th-century artistic movement in which writers

and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be

Romanticism vs. RealismSimilarities Differences

Impressionism A movement in 19th-century painting, in which

artists reacted against realism by seeking to convey their impressions of subjects or moments in time

Impressionist painters Goal

To show a moment in time at a glance

Nationalism

How did nationalism

influence the artistic art

movement s we

discussed?