MANAJEMENKESELAMATAN & KESEHATAN KERJA (K3)

Tjipto Suwandi

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTHOccupational health should aim at: the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers in all occupations, the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions, the protection of workers in their employment from risk resulting from factors adverse to health, the placing and maintenance of the workers in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological capabilities, and to summarize the adaptation of work to man and each man to his job (W.H.O)

The main focus in occupational health is on three different objectives:a.The maintenance and promotion of workers health and working capacityb. The improvement of working environment and work to become conducive to safety and health, andc.Development of work organization and working cultures in direction, which support health and safety at work, and in doing so also promotes a positive social climate and smooth operation and may enhance productivity of undertakings. The concept of working culture is intended in this context to mean a reflection of the essential value systems adopted by the undertaking concerned. Such a culture is reflected in practice in the management system, personnel policy, and principles for participation, training policies, and quality management of the undertaking.

INTERNATIONAL LOSS CONTROL INSTITUTE CAUSATION MODEL Lack ofControlBasicCausesImmediateCauseIncidentLossInadequateProgram

Program Standards

ComplianceToStandardsPersonalFactors

JobFactors

Sub-StandardsActs

Sub-StandardsconditionsContactWithEnergy,SubstanceOrPeoplePeoplePropertyProductEnviron-mentService

PERAN MANAJEMEN Sasaran manajemen ; efficient prod.EngineeringPurchasingInspectionProd.inspMaintenanceResearch

SelectionPlacementTrainingHealthEmployee relation pract.MotivationFacilitiesEquipmentMaterialsPEOPLEEfficientProduction

AUTONOMYTRANSPARANCYACCOUNTABILITYACCREDITATIONQUALITY

SISTEM MANAJEMEN K3(OSHMS)INPUTPROCESSOUTPUTFEEDBACK

MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT AND RESOURCES:Regulatory compliance and System conformance2. Accountability, Responsibility, AuthorityINPUTEMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT DIRECTIONResponsibility : the fact of having to answer for activities and result in safety.Authority : the right to correct, command, and determine courses of action.Accountability : The fact of active measurement by manage- ment to ensure compliance with its will. In defining accountability in accident prevention, we speak of management doing something to ensure action

OSH POLICYGOALS AND OBJECTIVESPERFORMANCE MEASURESYSTEM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT : Baseline Evaluation & Risk AssessmentOSH MANUAL & PROCEDURESPROCESS I(Formulation)

MANAGER & K3STRATA : K3UPPER MANAGER

MIDDLE MANAGER

LOWER / LINE MANAGERResult

Performance

TRAINING SYSTEM: Technical expertise & personnel qualifications.HAZARDS CONTROL SYSTEM: - Process design - Emergency Preparedness & Response syst. - Hazardous agent management systemPREVENTIVE & CORRECTIVE ACTION SYSTEMPROCUREMENT AND CONTRACTING PROCESS II(Implementation)

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: Documentation & Record Management syst.EVALUATION SYSTEM: - Auditing & Self Inspection - Incident Investigation & Root Cause - Analysis - Health Medical Program & Surveillance EVALUATION(FEEDBACK)

CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT

INTEGRATION

MANAGEMENT REVIEWIMPROVEMENT(INTEGRATION)

I S M E CIDENTIFICATION OF WORKSTANDARDSMEASUREMENTEVALUATIONCOMMENDATION AND CORRECTION

MANAGEMENT CONTROLACTIVITIES

IDENTIFICATION OF WORKLeadership and administ.Task analysis & procedureAccident investigationOrganizational rulesManagement training Employee trainingHealth control Engineering controlProgram evaluation systemPersonal communication Planned inspection Emergency preparednessGroup meetingGeneral promotionPurchasing controlHiring and placementAccident analysisPersonal protective equipm.Off the job safetyOther program activities

Establishing standards for the work performance expected in each work activity area identified Refining and upgrading existing standards to improve coverage, understanding, reasonableness, and practicality

STANDARDS

Measuring performance by degree of compliance with established standards.

Refining objectivity and quality of system to quantify results.

MEASUREMENT

Evaluating performance on a timely basis and communicating it to those accountable.

Refining existing communication system to enhance meaning and motivation.EVALUATION

Commending compliance and correcting deficiencies in performance standards.COMMENDING

An undesired event which, under slightly different circumstances, could have resulted in harm to people, damage to property or loss to process.An undesired event which could or does result in a loss.Accident result from contact with a substance or source of energy above the threshold limit of the body or the structure.INCIDENT

Concept of multiple causesCauses of accident:Personal factors: inadequate physical/ physiological and mental/psychological capability, physical/physiological stress, mental/psychological stress, lack of knowledge, lack of skill, improper motivation.

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTJOB FACTOR:Inadequate leadership or supervision, inadequate engineering, inadequate purchasing, inadequate maintenance, inadequate tool and equipment, inadequate tools and equipment, Inadequate work standards, Wear and Tear, abuse or misuse.

OSH PRINCIPLESAn unsafe act, an unsafe condition, and an accident are all symptoms of something wrong in the management system.We can predict that certain sets of circumstances will produce severe injuries. These circumstances can be identified and controlled.

OSH PRINCIPLES3. Safety should be managed like any other company function. Management should direct the safety effort by setting achievable goals and by planning, organizing, and controlling in achieve them.

4. The key in effective line safety performance is management procedures that fix accountability.

OSH PRINCIPLES5. The function of safety is to locate and define the operational errors that allow accidents to occur. This function can be carried out in two ways: a) by asking why accidents happen ---- searching for their root causes and b) by asking whether certain known effective controls are being utilized.

ZERO ACCIDENTAdalah hasil (result) K3 sehingga lebih merupakan evaluasi dari manager. (middle -- upper).Performance di titik beratkan pada middle --lower manager.Integrasi (keterpaduan) performance (kinerja) harus nampak di tingkat pelaksana.

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