1

leqcia 9 ekonomikuri zrda(solous modeli)

M

makroekonomika

2

sawarmoo funqcia

sawarmoo funqcia

ekonomikaSi waemoebis moculoba(Y) damokidebulia xelmisawvdom resursTa raodenobaze, iseTze rogoricaa Sroma(L) da kapitali(K) da agreTve am resursebis mwarmoeblurobaze(A). kavSiri resursebsa da gamoSvebis moculobas Soris aRiwereba sawarmoo funqciis saSualebiT:

Tu Cven gamoviyenebT CvenTvis nacnob kob-duglasis sawarmoo funqcias, romelsac Semdegi saxe aqvs:

sadac, α - aris kapitalis elastikuroba warmoebis moculobis mimarT; β - Sromis elastikuroba warmoebis moculobis mimarT.

elastikuroba gviCvenebs Tu ramdeni procentiT icvleba warmoebis moculoba cvledi faqtoris(Sromis an kapitalis) erTi erTeuliT cvlilebisas.

Cven SegviZlia kob-duglasis sawarmoo funqcia Semdegi saxiT CavweroT:

),( LKAFY

,LAKY 1

L

L

K

K

A

A

Y

Y

miviRebT sawarmoo funqciis gantolebas zrdis tempebiT. sadac ΔY/Y, ΔA/A, ΔK/K

da ΔL/L, aris Sesabamisad warmoebis moculobis, mwarmoeblurobis, kapitalis da Sromis zrdis tempebi.

3

solous modeli ZiriTadi daSvebebi

solous modeli ganixilavs ekonomikas, rogorc droSi(dinamikaSi) ganviTarebads. is eyrdnoba ramdenime ZiriTad daSvebas:

1. fasebi elastikuria;2. erToblivi moTxovnis funqsiis ugulvebelyofa, radgan elastikur

fasebs wonasworobaSi mohyavs erToblivi motxovba da erToblivi miwodeba;

3. investiciebis funqciis ugulvebelyofa, radgan wonasworobaSi I=S; agreTve Semdeg daSvebebs:1. mosaxleoba izrdeba da misi zrdis tempi fiqsirebuli sididea;2. modelSi ugulvebelyofilia saxelmwifo da sagareo seqtori;

solous modeli

4

solous modeli

ttt kLK /

- erT muSaxelze warmoebis moculoba; - moxmareba erT muSaxelze; - investiciebi erT muSaxelze;

zemoT moyvanili daSvebebidan Cven SegviZlia CavweroT:

Tu yvela maCvenebels daviyvanT erT muSaxelze(gavyofT -ze), maSin:

sadac:

ttt ICY

ttt icy tL

ttt LYy /

ttt LCc /

ttt LIi / masStabis mudmivi ukugebis kanonis ZaliT mixedviT gveqneba:

1,

t

t

t

tt L

KF

L

Yy

sadac, - kapitalis maragebi erT muSaxelze igive kapitalSeiaraReba; amis gaTvaliswinebiT SegviZlia CavweroT:

)(),( ttt kfkFy 1

solous modeli

5

yt

kt

)( tt kfy

)()1(/

tttkfkfMPktgy

- kapitalis zRvruli produqti - gviCvenebs, kapitalSeiaraRebis erTi erTeuliT gazrda ramdeni erTeuliT gazrdis warmoebis moculobas erT muSaxelze;

MPk

solous modeli

kapitalis zRvruli produqti

6

S=I

yt

kt

)(tkf

)(tksf

ty

ti

radgan da sadac moxmarebis wilia SemosavlebSi; maSin,

saidanac,

maSsadame

ttticy

tttysc )1(

ttttiysy )1(

tttiys

tttikfs )(

)1(ts

tc

solous modeli

7

kapitalis cveTis norma(amortizaciis norma)

yt

kt

d

tdk

investiciebze moTxovna, roca n=0

moTxovna investiciebze

1

yovelwliurad kapirali cvdeba da raRac nawili akldeba kapitalis maragebs amitom mTliani investiciuri xarjebi(It) oyofa ori nawilad:1) amortizirebuli kapitalis Canacvleba (dK); 2) wminda investiciebi(ΔK); Sedegad erT muSaxelze gadaangariSebiT wminda investiciebi tolia:

ttttt

t

t dkysdkiL

K

d amortizaciis normaa. magaliTad Tu d=0.2, es niSnavs rom yovelwliurad cvdeba kapitalis 20% da mis aRdgenisaTvis investiciebze moTxovna iqneba .

t

dk

8

mosaxleobis zrdis tempi

yt

ktd

tdk

Tu mosaxleobis raodenoba icvleba raRac mudmivi n sididiT, maSin izrdeba moTxovna wminda investiciebze.

radgan , maSin –s zrdis tempi iqneba:

tLtKtk / tk

nK

K

L

L

K

K

k

k

t

t

t

t

t

t

t

t

saidanac, mosaxleobis zrdiT gamowveuli investiciebze moTxovna, erT muSaxelze gadaangariSebiT tolia:

Tu gavaerTianebT (1) da (2) gantolebas miviRebT wminda investiciebis gantolebas:

tt

t nkkL

K

2

tttkndsyk )(

moTxovna investiciebze

n

tknd )( investiciebze

moTxovna, roca n≠0

9

mdgradi mdgomareoba

)(tksf

mdgradi mdgomareoba igive grZelvadiani wonasworobis mdgomareoba gulisxmobs, rom erToblivi moTxovna da erToblivi miwodeba erTmaneTis toli unda iyos da Cveni erTerTi daSvebis mixedviTac S=I, amitom

ttt

ttt

kndkksf

kndksfk

)()(

)()(

vinaidan aris moTxovna investiciebze erT muSaze gadaandariSebiT (i); iqneba investiciebis miwodeba erT muSaze gadaangariSebiT. amitom

aris grZelvadiani wonasworobis piroba anu ekonomikis mdgrad mdgomareobis piroba.

tknd )(

)(tksf

;0);()( tttkksfknd

mdgradi mdgomareoba

yt

kt

)(tkf

tknd )(

mdgradi mdgomareoba

10

mdgrad mdgomareobaSi gadasvla

yt

kt

)(tkf

)(tksf

*

tk

mdgradi mdgomareobaSi ewodeba kapitalSeiaraRebis mdgradi done.

dauSvaT ekonomika ar imyofeba kapitalSeiararebis mdgrad doneze da imyofeba ragac F wertilSi sadac kapiralSeiaraRebis mdgradi done tolia. am mdgomareobaSi investiciebis miwodeba masze moTxovnaze metia rac mxolod Semdgom periodSi zrdis kapitalis maragebs. Sedegad izrdeba moTxovna investiciebze, radgan kapiralis moculobis zrda zrdis cveTis moculobas da ase grZeldeba manam sanam ekonomika mdgrad mdgomareobaSi ar gadava.

*

tk

1

tk

1

tk

tknd

mdgradi mdgomareoba

11

mdgradi mdgomareobis cvlileba – danazogebis normis cvlileba

yt

kt

)(tkf

)(1 tkfs

dazogvis normid cvlileba niSnavs rom investiciebis miwodeba mcirdeba da ekonomika aRmoCndema mdgomareobaSi sadac investiciebze moTxovna metia mis miwodebaze. Sedegad amortizirebuli kapitali veRar ganaxldeba da kapitalis maragebi Semcirdeba, rac niSnavs rom moTxovna investiciebze Semcirdeba. es Semcireba gagrZeldeba manam sanam ekonomika mdgrad mdgomareobaSi ar gadava.

*

tk*

tk

tknd

)(2 tkfs

mdgradi mdgomareoba

kapitalSeiaRebis oqros wesi

sazogadoebas interesi mdgomareobs saqonlisa da momsaxurebis moxmarebis maqsimizirebaSi. kapitalSeiaraRebis iseTi done rodesac moxmarebis maqsimaluri done miiRweva kapitalSeiararebis oqros wesi ewodeba - .

anu Cven gvainteresebs iseTi kapitalSeiaraRebis done romlisTvisac

amisaTvis gavawarmooT gantoleba da gautoloT nuls Sedegad mivirebT:

**

tk

max*)()*(* tkndtkftc

)(

0)()*)(()*(* ///

ndMPk

ndMPktkndtkftc

12

kapitalSeiaRebis oqros wesi

13

yt

kt

)( tkf

tknd

)( tksf

ct

kt

maxtc

maxtc

**

tk

**

tk

MPk

kapitalSeiaRebis oqros wesi

14

mosaxleobis zrda

mosaxleobis zrda

yt

kt

)(tkf

)(1 tkfs

*

tk*

tk

tknd

tknd

mosaxleobis zrdis tempebis daCqareba amcirebs kapital- SeiaraRebis dones da ekonomika gadayavs kapitalSeiataRebis ufro dabal mdgrad mdgo-mareobaSi da mwarmoeblurobis ufro dabal doneze.

damatebiTi muSaxeli zrdis mSp-s mTlian moculobas, magram amcirebs mSp-s erT muSaxelze (erT sul mosaxleze).

mosaxleobis zrdis tempebis daCqareba amcirebs adamianebis keTildReobas

nn

15

mwarmoeblurobis zrda

mwarmoeblurobis zrda

yt

kt

)(0 tkf

*

tk*

tk

tknd

)(0 tkfs

)(1 tkf

)(1 tkfs

mwarmoeblurobis zrda –igive teqnologiuri progresi zrdis erT muSaxelze warmoebis moculobas da gadaagil-deba zemoT.

Tu danazogebis norma ar icvleba, maSin kapitalSeiar-arebis mdgradi done ufro maRal doneze gadadis.

Sedegad investiciebis zrda zrdis mSp-s.

)( tkf

ZiriTadi cnebebi da sakiTxebi

• kapitalis elastikuroba warmoebis moculobis mimarT

• kapitalis elastikuroba warmoebis moculobis mimarT

• kapitalSeiaraReba• kapitalis zRvruli produqti• kapitalis cveTis

norma(amortizaciis norma)• mosaxleobis zrdis tempi

• kapitalSeiaraRebis mdgradi done.

• kapitalSeiararebis oqros wesi

• mosaxleobis zrda• mwarmoeblurobis zrda