INVESTIGATORY PROJECT docs students... · Web view certificate this is to certify that this biology investigatory project on the topic “depression; cause and effect on body systems”

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

BIOLOGY

DEPRESSION; CAUSE AND EFFECT ON

body systems

1 | P a g e

certificate

this is to certify that this

biology investigatory project on the topic “depression; cause and effect on body

systems” has been successfully completed by --------of xii under the guidance of IN PARTICULAR FULFILMENT OF THE

CURRICULUM OF CBSE LEADING TO AN AWARD OF ANNUAL

EXAMINATION OF

TEACHER IN CHARGE PRINCIPAL EXTERNAL EXAMINER

( 2 | P a g e )

ACKNOWLEGEMENTS

I use this opportunity to convey my sincere gratitude towards our biology teacher, my parents,

guidelines on my topic :- “depression and its effect on

body system “. And also CBSE for arranging such an enlightening program to engage

the children. I like to convey my hearty thanks -------------for helping me

complete the project with

utmost precision.

( 6 | P a g e )

Index

( SNO . CONTENTS PG. 1. CERTIFICATE 2 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT S 3 3. AIM 5 4. METHODOLOGY 6 5. EXPERT ANSWERS 19 6. CONCLUSIONS 28 7. REFERENCES 29 8. THANK YOU 30 )

AIM ;

TO FIND THE CAUSE OF DEPRESSION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE BODY SYSTEM.

ABOUT THE SUBJECT

Depression is a complex mental health condition that causes a person to have low mood and may leave them a feeling persistently sad or hopeless.

Depressive symptoms can be temporary experience in response to grief or trauma. But when the symptoms last longer than 2 weeks it can be a sign of serious depressive disorder.

The same symptoms can also be a sign of another mental health conditions , such as bipolar or post traumatic stress disorder (pstd) .

The symptoms vary between individuals. For a doctor to diagnose depression a person must have 5 or more symptoms

Symptoms of depression

· Depressed mood on most days including feelings of sadness or emptiness

· Loss of pleasure in

previously enjoyed activities

· Too little or too much sleep most of the days

· Unintended weight loss or gain or change in appetite

· Physical agitation or feeling

of sluggishness

· Low energy or fatigue

· Feeling worthless or guilty

· Trouble concentrating or

making decisions

· Intrusive thoughts of death or suicide

( 9 | P a g e )

Physical symptoms of depression

Research has documented

many ways that depression can also affect physical

health

 Weight gain or loss People with depression may experience appetite changes which can cause unintended

weight gain or loss

· Chronic pain People experience

unexplained aches or pains

including joint or muscle pain and headaches

· Heart disease Depression can reduce a

person’s motivation to make a positive lifestyle choices.

Their risk of heart disease increases when they eat a poor diet and have sedentary

lifestyle. According to heart failure or coronary artery disease has depression

 Inflammation

Research indicates the

chronic stress and depression are linked to

inflammation and may change the immune system other research suggests that

depression could be due to chronic inflammation.

People having depression is more likely to have

inflammatory condition such as irritable bowel syndrome ,

type 2 diabetes and arthritis

Worsening chronic health conditions :-

People who already have chronic health condition may

find their symptoms are worse if they develop depression .

10 | P a g e

Chronic illness may already feel isolating and depression

may exacerbate these feelings.

 Trouble sleeping People with depression may experience insomnia or

trouble sleeping. This

condition can leave them feeling exhausted making it difficult to manage both

physical and mental health

 Gastrointestinal problems People with depression often report stomach or digestion problems, such as diarrhea,

vomiting ,nausea, constipation

.some also experience chronic conditions such as ibs.

According to research brains

response to stress is suppressing the activities in

the hypothalamus and

11 | P a g e

pituitary gland , and adrenal glands.

· OUTLOOK Recognising that depression can cause

physical health problems can help a person to seek treatment and make

changes to help manage

their symptoms.

Depression is treatable . a doctor may recommend a combined approach, using

medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes. With the right support, a person can manage both physical and

mental health effects of depression.

12 | P a g e

13 | P a g e

FACTS ON DEPRESSION

· Depression seems to be

more common among women than men

· Symptoms include the lack

of joy and reduced interest in things that used to bring happiness

· Life events such as bereavement produce mood changes that can usually

be distinguished from the features of depression.

· The causes of depression are not fully understood but are likely to be a complex combination of

genetic, biological

,environmental and psychosocial factors.

CAUSES

· Genetics

· Biological –changes in

neurotransmitter level

· Environmental

· Psychological and social

· Some people are at higher

risk of depression than other

; risk factors include

· Life events; like divorce

,work issues, relationships or acute stress

· Personality; those with less successful coping strategies

or previous life trauma are more susceptible

· Genetic factors

· Childhood trauma

· Abuse of recreational drugs

· Chronic pain syndrome

( 19 | P a g e )

Treatment

DEPRESSION IS A TREATABLE MENTAL ILLNESS .

3 COMPONENTS TO MANAGE DEPRESSION:-

· SUPPORT

· PSYCOTHERAPY

· DRUG TREATMENT Statistics

( Percent with Major Depressive Episode (MDE) in the Past¥ ear )2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

18 a Oldar 18 to 25 26 to 49 —@•- 50 or Oldar

Expert answers

How can I tell if it’s really

depression or just a few bad days?

It’s common to feel sad from time to time. But if feelings of sadness or hopelessness persist for two or more weeks coupled with any of these other symptoms, it might be depression.

· Feelings of guilt or worthlessness. Loss of interest or pleasure for activities that used to be enjoyable.

 Changes in weight or appetite.

 Changes in sleep habits or energy level.

· Difficulty concentrating.

· Suicidal thoughts.

· Lack of interest or energy for

everyday activities.

How much of depression is genetic?

Family history can play a role in

depression, but it’s not a direct one-to-

one ratio, says Nasche. “It’s not like ‘if my mom is depressed then I will be,

too.’” Researchers are still looking

for the specific genetic changes that predispose someone to depression, but

they have made some findings, including:

· Likelihood to inherit depression is

probably 40-50% and might be higher for severe depression. This could mean that in most cases of

depression, roughly 50% of the

cause is genetic and the other 50% is from psychological or physical factors.

· Major depressive disorder will affect at least 10% of the U.S.

population at some point in their lives.

 Having a parent or sibling with depression could increase the risk

of developing it by at least 2-3 times

compared with the average person.

· Twice as many women as men are diagnosed with m