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Integrating Technology into
Teaching
TPACK
Steve SwanUniversity of Louisville
Integrating technology into teaching can be viewed as a “wicked
problem”.
TPACK
Requirements are incomplete, contradictory, and changingUnique, no two wicked problems are the sameSolutions are difficult to realizeSolutions are not “right’ or “wrong”Solutions do not have “stopping rules”
If we teach today as we taught yesterday,If we teach today as we taught yesterday,
then we rob our children of tomorrow. then we rob our children of tomorrow.
~John Dewey~John Dewey
If you accept your limitations, you go beyond them.
Brendan Francis Behan
“Much of education today is monumentally ineffective. All too often we are giving young people cut flowers when we should be teaching them to grow their own plants.”
John Gardner
NETS (National Educational Technology Standards) Teacher Standards for Teaching with
Technology
1. Facilitate and Inspire Student Learning and Creativity
2. Design and Develop Digital-Age Learning Experiences and Assessments
3. Model Digital-Age Work and Learning
4. Promote and Model Digital Citizenship and Responsibility
5. Engage in Professional Growth and Leadership
International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), 2008
What does history tell us…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9gB6AP3BEs
Teacher Knowledge
Content
Content Knowledge (CK) is knowledge about the actual subject matter that is to be learned or taught. The content to be covered varies greatly by age level and subject- matter.
Teacher Knowledge
Pedagogy
Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) is deep knowledge about the processes and practices or methods of teaching and learning and how it encompasses (among other things) overall educational purposes, values and aims.
Teacher Knowledge
Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Content Pedagogy
PCK
In considering the relationship between content and pedagogy, the key question is how disciplines differ from each other and whether disciplines can or should be taught through the same instructional strategies.
Teacher KnowledgePedagogical Content Knowledge Relationship
Discipline Differences•Description of context, conditions, facts, functions, assumptions, and goals
•Selection of relevant information and critical elements
•Representation: organizing, illustrating, and modifying elements and relations
•Inference: drawing conclusions, forming propositions
•Synthesis: composing wholes from parts, filling gaps, developing course of action –
•Verification: confirming accuracy and results, judging validity, using feedback
Teacher Knowledge
Technology
Understanding the impact of technology (TK) on the practices and knowledge of a given discipline is critical if we are to develop appropriate technological tools for educational purposes.
Teacher Knowledge for the 21st Century
Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge
The Total Package for Teaching in the 21st Century!
Content Pedagogy
TPCKTechnology
TPACK
Teacher Knowledge for the 21st Century
TPACK is the intersection of all 3 bodies of knowledge Understanding goes beyond the knowledge of each in isolation. Instead it is how they interact with each other
Content Pedagogy
TPCKTechnology
TPACK
Thinking about TPACK -Borrowing from PCK
An overarching conception of what it means to teach particular content topics;
Knowledge of students’ understandings, thinking, and learning of particular subject matter topics;
Knowledge of curriculum and curriculum materials with learning and teaching subject matter topics;
Knowledge of instructional strategies and representations for teaching and learning particular content topics.
Grossman, 1989,1990
An overarching conception of what it means to integrate technology to teach particular content topics;
Knowledge of students’ understandings, thinking, and learning of particular subject matter topics with technology;
Knowledge of curriculum and curricular materials that integrate technology with learning and teaching subject matter topics;
Knowledge of instructional strategies and representations for teaching and learning particular content topics with appropriate technologies.
Niess, 2005
PCK TPACK
Preparing Teachers to Teach with Technology - Guiding Development of
TPACK
The challenges Digital emigrants from 20th century 20th century learning in K-12 20th century college subject matter teaching 20th century teacher preparation programs Teacher educators Cooperating teachers 20th century school classrooms, curriculum,
instruction Technology access TPACK developmental process
Impossible?
Integrating technology into teaching can be viewed as a “wicked
problem”.
TPACK
Teaching with technology is a
WICKED PROBLEM!
Integrating technology into teaching can be viewed as a “wicked
problem”.
TPACK
Wicked Problems require
CREATIVE SOLUTIONS
Integrating technology into teaching can be viewed as a “wicked
problem”.
TPACK
Creativity is seen as Novelty
Novelty must be joined to Purpose
Creative Solutions are Novel, Effective , and Whole (NEW)
TPACK
-Novel Fresh, unusual, unique, surprising, startling, astonishing, astounding, germinal, trendsetting, radical, revolutionary, influential, pioneering- Effective Valuable, important, significant, essential, necessary, logical, sensible, relevant, appropriate, adequate, functional, operable, useful, user-friendly- Whole Organic, ordered, arranged, organized, formed, complete, elegant, graceful, charming, attractive, refined, complex, intricate, ornate, interesting, understandable, meaningful, clear, self-explanatory, well crafted, skillful, well made, meticulous
Creative Solutions are Novel, Effective , and Whole (NEW)
TPACK
Go to Movie
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOYCmPUVFfs
Creative Solutions are Novel, Effective , and Whole (NEW)
TPACK
A school develops a creative way to showcase their love of reading and diversity
http://media.jefferson.k12.ky.us/groups/brandeiselementary/
Creative Solutions are Novel, Effective , and Whole (NEW)
TPACK
A teacher working in a challenging school tries using technology and a different pedagogy to teach her content.
http://drmswonderfulwiki.wikispaces.com/
http://drmsintegratedwiki.wikispaces.com/
Putting it all together…
TPACK
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_bgeohrV_k
TPACK Framework Activity Using the TPACK Framework students will identify: content, pedagogy, and technology in a real school activity. Students will complete the TPACK Framework at the beginning of class. Revisit the process at the end of class and revisit/revise their TPACK Framework.
TPACK Framework Activity
TPACK Framework Activity • Content knowledge
• Pedagogy Knowledge
• Technology Knowledge
• TPACK Solution