ImperialismImperialism

AfricaAfrica

ImperialismImperialism – the takeover of a country or – the takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and of dominating the political, economic, and social life of the peoplesocial life of the people

AfricaAfrica Causes of ImperialismCauses of Imperialism Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Need for raw materialsNeed for raw materials Need for people to trade with Need for people to trade with

NationalismNationalism My country’s betterMy country’s better Social Darwinism = Survival of the fittest = war Social Darwinism = Survival of the fittest = war

White Man’s BurdenWhite Man’s Burden White people were superior and therefore need to White people were superior and therefore need to

teach other racesteach other races Christianity needs to spreadChristianity needs to spread

Dr. Livingstone and Henry StanleyDr. Livingstone and Henry Stanley

AfricaAfrica

Problem with Africa = Problem with Africa = malaria malaria delivered by delivered by mosquitoesmosquitoes

However, Europe solved that problem with the drug However, Europe solved that problem with the drug quininequinine

AfricaAfrica

Stanley comes back and has African tribes in Stanley comes back and has African tribes in Congo sign away their land to BelgiumCongo sign away their land to Belgium

Congo was 80 times larger than BelgiumCongo was 80 times larger than Belgium

Rubber Vines

Punish-ment

5-8 Million Victims! (50% of Popul.)

It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit. -- Belgian Official

AfricaAfrica

How did they do it?How did they do it? Better weapons (machine guns)Better weapons (machine guns) Steam Engines = railroads, steamersSteam Engines = railroads, steamers Africans fought against each other and not Africans fought against each other and not

against Europeansagainst Europeans

Other countries started to follow BelgiumOther countries started to follow Belgium

AfricaAfrica

To prevent fighting, the European nations To prevent fighting, the European nations met at the met at the Berlin ConferenceBerlin Conference to lay down to lay down rules for the division of Africarules for the division of Africa

No African nation was representedNo African nation was represented

AfricaAfrica

Cecil RhodesCecil Rhodes led led Britain into Africa and Britain into Africa and found Diamond mines found Diamond mines = DeBeers company = DeBeers company startedstarted

Also wanted a Also wanted a railroad from South railroad from South Africa to North Africa Africa to North Africa to transport diamondsto transport diamonds

AfricaAfrica

Some Africans fought backSome Africans fought back

In southern Africa, In southern Africa, Shaka Shaka ZuluZulu fought against Boers fought against Boers = lost because of no = lost because of no superior weaponssuperior weapons

Africa Africa

Algeria under Samori Algeria under Samori Toure actively resisted Toure actively resisted the French for 16 the French for 16 yearsyears

Religious resistants Religious resistants like the Maji Maji like the Maji Maji rebellion against the rebellion against the Germans happened Germans happened often (German killed often (German killed 26,000 with machine 26,000 with machine guns)guns)

AfricaAfrica

Ethiopia under Ethiopia under Menelik IIMenelik II successfully resisted successfully resisted using modern using modern weapons to defeat the weapons to defeat the Italians at the Battle Italians at the Battle of Adowa of Adowa

Only African country Only African country to remain freeto remain free

AfricaAfrica

One other African One other African country stayed country stayed independentindependent

LiberiaLiberia because it because it was protected by the was protected by the USUS

US sent some slaves US sent some slaves back to Africa and back to Africa and that was the country that was the country they createdthey created

PositivesPositives

Local warfare was reducedLocal warfare was reduced Life spans increasedLife spans increased Literacy increasedLiteracy increased Technology advancedTechnology advanced

NegativesNegatives

Africans lost control of land and independenceAfricans lost control of land and independence Many died from smallpoxMany died from smallpox Famines as cash crops replaced foodFamines as cash crops replaced food Breakdown of traditional culturesBreakdown of traditional cultures Africa was divided badlyAfrica was divided badly

OttomanOttoman

Ottoman Empire started to collapseOttoman Empire started to collapse

OttomanOttoman

European countries began to take territory European countries began to take territory away from the Ottoman Empireaway from the Ottoman Empire Examples: Greece and Serbia becoming Examples: Greece and Serbia becoming

independentindependent Examples: Crimean War = Russia fighting for ports Examples: Crimean War = Russia fighting for ports

on the Black Seaon the Black Sea

OttomanOttoman

Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale

OttomanOttoman Muhammad AliMuhammad Ali took control took control

of Egypt from the Ottomansof Egypt from the Ottomans

Under his heirs, the Under his heirs, the Suez Suez CanalCanal was built; it was built; it connected the connected the Mediterranean Sea with the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, so travelers did Red Sea, so travelers did not have to go all the way not have to go all the way around Africa.around Africa.

OttomanOttoman

Britain soon took the Suez Canal from Egypt Britain soon took the Suez Canal from Egypt because of debtsbecause of debts

Europe took away land for its strategic Europe took away land for its strategic location or products = location or products = geopoliticsgeopolitics

OttomanOttoman

USAUSA

USA also becomes USA also becomes imperialistic using the imperialistic using the Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine which which says no European nation says no European nation can colonize the Westcan colonize the West

A ship of ours called the A ship of ours called the USS Maine blew up in a USS Maine blew up in a Spanish harbor in Cuba Spanish harbor in Cuba = = Spanish-American Spanish-American WarWar

USAUSA

We won and received We won and received Spanish territory in Spanish territory in the Caribbean and the Caribbean and the Pacificthe Pacific Caribbean = Caribbean = Puerto Puerto

Rico, CubaRico, Cuba Pacific = Pacific = Philippines, Philippines,

GuamGuam

USAUSA

Philippines under Philippines under Emilio Emilio AguinaldoAguinaldo fought the US fought the US because we said we would because we said we would give them independence and give them independence and we did not, but lostwe did not, but lost

USAUSA

US led by sugar US led by sugar planter planter Sanford DoleSanford Dole also took Hawaii from also took Hawaii from Queen LiliuokalaniQueen Liliuokalani

We did this because We did this because we needed a naval we needed a naval base in the Pacific base in the Pacific and cheap sugar and cheap sugar

USAUSA

The US also helped build the The US also helped build the Panama CanalPanama Canal which which connected the Atlantic and the connected the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans in Central Pacific Oceans in Central AmericaAmerica

British EmpireBritish Empire East India CompanyEast India Company came to India and soon came to India and soon

took over Indiatook over India It had its own army and controlled the Indian It had its own army and controlled the Indian

governmentgovernment

British EmpireBritish Empire

India has a lot of raw materials and 300 India has a lot of raw materials and 300 million people to buy British goodsmillion people to buy British goods

It was soon called It was soon called “jewel in the crown”“jewel in the crown”

British EmpireBritish Empire

India was just one territory under Britain India was just one territory under Britain ruled by Queen Victoriaruled by Queen Victoria

Their empire was so large that people said Their empire was so large that people said “the sun never sets on the Empire”“the sun never sets on the Empire”

Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

Dutch took control of IndonesiaDutch took control of Indonesia France took control of Southeast AsiaFrance took control of Southeast Asia

ChinaChina

China would not trade with EuropeansChina would not trade with Europeans The Europeans illegally started selling The Europeans illegally started selling opiumopium to to

the Chinese. Then trade flourished.the Chinese. Then trade flourished.

ChinaChina

The Chinese government told Europe no The Chinese government told Europe no more opium and Europe said no = more opium and Europe said no = Opium Opium WarWar

Europe had modern weapons and opened Europe had modern weapons and opened up China to tradeup China to trade

ChinaChina

Hong Xiuquan led the Hong Xiuquan led the Taiping RebellionTaiping Rebellion against China. against China.

It took ten years to It took ten years to put the rebellion put the rebellion down.down.

ChinaChina

Another rebellion Another rebellion happened in China, happened in China, this time against this time against foreignersforeigners

Boxer rebellionBoxer rebellion attacked foreigners in attacked foreigners in China until it was put China until it was put down by the down by the EuropeansEuropeans

ChinaChina

Because of that war, Europe was able to Because of that war, Europe was able to carve out spheres of influence from Chinacarve out spheres of influence from China

Spheres of influenceSpheres of influence are areas where a are areas where a foreign nation controls trade and $foreign nation controls trade and $

JapanJapan

Japan did not want to trade Japan did not want to trade eithereither

US under Matthew Perry with US under Matthew Perry with our modern navy opened the our modern navy opened the ports of Japan to foreigners ports of Japan to foreigners for for tradetrade

JapanJapan

The shogunate who allowed the US in was The shogunate who allowed the US in was overthrown overthrown

The emperor took over and modernized The emperor took over and modernized Japan.Japan.

This reign was called the This reign was called the Meji RestorationMeji Restoration

Japan’s ImperialismJapan’s Imperialism

In 20 years, Japan In 20 years, Japan attacked China and attacked China and took over Korea.took over Korea.

Japan also invaded Japan also invaded Manchuria Manchuria where where Russia was and Russia Russia was and Russia went to war against went to war against Japan = Japan = Russo-Russo-Japanese WarJapanese War

JapanJapan

Japan amazingly won and became a new Japan amazingly won and became a new world powerworld power