Chapter 16 Imperialism

What is Imperialism?

• Policy of empire building

• One country dominating the political, economic and social life of another country

Analyze the political cartoon 1. Identify the character in the cartoon and what it represents. 2. Explain any symbols used in the cartoon. 3. Describe the message of the cartoon. 4. Evaluate the message of the cartoon.

Forms of Imperialism• Colonies

– A settlement of people outside their homeland linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control

• Protectorate– A country whose policies are guided by a foreign

nation• Sphere of Influence

– Area in a country where a foreign power has exclusive rights to trade and investCountries gained territory through

treaty, purchase, or military conquest.

Goals of Imperialism• Be a political rival

– Be competitive• Desire for new markets

– Acquire raw materials– Acquire markets to sell products

• Opportunity for a better life– Need loyal citizens to enforce colonial policies– Gained land, jobs, money

• Christianizing– Set up missions– Built churches, schools, hospitals

• Civilizing– European culture was superior– It is the duty of the White man to civilize the heathens

Main Imperialist Targets

• Africa– South Africa– Congo

• Asia– India– China

• Latin America– Panama– Mexico– Cuba

Imperialism in Africa

Section 16.2

David Livingstone

• Scottish Doctor and Missionary• In 1840 traveled to Africa• Spent 30 years exploring interior of Africa• He set up Christian missions and sent reports

back to Great Britain of discoveries

• Significance- Reports of Africa’s abundance of resources led ambitious imperialist nations to claim portions for colonization

See Map on Page 486

• What were the only two nations in Africa to remain independent of European imperialism?

• Which two European countries had the most territory in Africa?

The Afrikaners

• Original Dutch settlers in Southern Africa• Moved north after British colonization began• Fought conflicts with neighboring Zulu nation• British intervention ends conflict• Establishment of Union of South Africa

– A new constitution made it almost impossible for nonwhites to vote.

This is known as the Zulu

Wars

Belgians in the Congo

• Belgium given authority to guide foreign affairs in the Congo

• King Leopold II abused his power– Used the Congo for his own personal gain– Took advantage of native labor to harvest ivory,

rubber and petroleum– Forced natives to adopt western religion and ways

• Thousands of Africans were killed and mistreated if they did not meet quotas

Suez Canal

• Construction began in 1859 by the French to connect the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea

• Opening in 1869, the canal provided a short cut for commerce between Europe and Asia

• Great Britain gained control of the canal in 1875 by purchasing Egypt’s debt for the canal.

• For most of its time operating, the canal has been open to all countries to use.

Effects of Imperialism

• More job opportunities• Workers paid low wages• Workers paid high taxes• Families broken up• Decline of some native traditions• Spread of Christianity• Opportunity for western-style education• Increased nationalism and push for self-rule

Using your list “Effects of

Imperialism”, note how each effect is a

positive and a negative.

Imperialism in Asia

See worksheet 16.3

Imperialism in the AmericasNotes Section 16.4

The Monroe Doctrine

• Written by U.S. President James Monroe in 1823• It established the US Foreign Policy• Warned European Nations to stay out of the Western

Hemisphere• Attempts to colonize would be seen as an act of war

World Response to Monroe Doctrine

• Great Britain- Supports it – They want to maintain established trade routes

• Spain- Opposed it– they want their colonies back

• Latin America- Opposed it– Most saw American actions as moves to turn their

countries into “colonies” to protect US business interests there

US Imperialism in Latin America

• Mexican War of 1846Role- US sent troops to

protect US settlers in Texas who were tired of the corrupt Mexican government They wanted to form an independent nation

Significance- It ended Mexican control of Texas and US gained ½ of Mexico’s territory

US Imperialism in Latin America

• British Guiana 1895Role-acting as arbitrator

between Great Britain and Venezuela

(arbitration- process of settling a dispute by submitting it to an impartial third party)

Significance- Used the Monroe Doctrine to warn Britain to accept US arbitration

US Imperialism in Latin America

• Spanish American War of 1898 Role- US ordered the USS

Maine into Cuba’s Havana Harbor to demonstrate US interests.

The US declared war on Spain after the ship explodes.

Significance- Spain loses the last of its colonies in the Western Hemisphere

Remember the Maine!

US Imperialism in Latin America

• Panama 1903Role-US wants to build a

canal connecting Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

Significance-US Navy aided Panama in gaining independence from Colombia after arbitration efforts fail

US Imperialism in Latin America

• Mexican Revolution of 1911Role- US supports

Venustiano Carranza as president because he is less radical than others who wanted to reform Mexico

Significance- US is allowed to enter Mexico and try to capture Pancho Villa

Analyze Political Cartoons