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Two Marks Questions1. Arrange the following parts in correct

sequence. Buccal cavity, pharynx, mouth, smallintestine, stomach, rectum, largeintestine, anus, oesophagus.

A: Mouth Buccal cavity Pharynx Oesophagous Stomach Smallintestine Large intestine Rectum Anus

2. Write the chemical names of fat solublevitamins?

A: A, D, E, K are the fat soluble vitamins.A - Retinol D - CalciferolE - TocoferolK - Phylloquinone

3. What is meant by malnutrition? How manytypes are there?

A: Eating of food that does not have one ormore than one nutrients in required amountis called as malnutrition. It is three types.They arei) Calorie malnutrition ii) Protein malnutritioniii) Protein and Calorie malnutrition

4. Role of Acid (HCl) in stomach?A: Acid present in gastric juice helps in killing

bacteria, protein denaturation, provideacidic medium, converts pepsinogen intopepsin.

5. What is emulsification? Which helps in thisprocess?

A: Conversion of fat into small globule likeform is known as emulsification. It occurswith the help of bile juice secreted by liver.

6. What is the role of saliva in the digestion offood?

A: H Ptyalin (salivary amylase) present insaliva converts starch into maltosesugars.

H Lysozyme enzyme present in saliva killsbacteria present in food.

H Lubricates food for easy swallowing.7. Protein calorie malnutrification causes what

type of disease? What are the symptomesof that disease?

A: Marasmus caused due to protein caloriemalnutrition.Symptoms: Lean and weak, swellinglimbs, prominent ribs, less developedmuscles.

8. Name of the digestive juice secreted by thepancrease? Write what enzymes arepresent in them.

A: Pancrease secretes pancreatic juice. Itcontains amylase, trypsin, lipase enzymes,which acts respectively on carbohydrates,proteins, fats.

9. Write the end products of carbohydrates,proteins, fats, If they are digestedcompletely?

A: Carbohydrates GlucoseProteins Amino acidsLipids/fats Glycerol and fatty acids.

10. Why do you think that carbohydrates arenot digested in the stomach?

A: Carbohydrates digesting enzymes areabsent in Gastric juice. Hencecarbohydrates are not digested instomach.

K. NagarajuSubject Expert

Writer

1. Which cell organelle converts light energyinto chemical energy? How it is suited tothat activity?

A: H Chloroplast converts light energy intochemical energy.

H Chlorophyll and others accessorypigment molecules present in thethylakoid membranes helps in thecapturing the solar energy and initiatesdifferent light dependent activities.

H Stroma is the fluid filled portion ofchloroplast contains all enzymesneeded for dark reactions/ carbonfixation of photosynthesis.

2. Draw a neat labelled diagram of chloroplastfound in leaf and its role in photosynthesis?

A: During photosynthesis several eventsoccur in the chloroplast like.H Conversion of light energy into chemical

energy.H Splitting of water molecule.H Reduction of carbondioxide to carbohy-

drates.3. How is the small intestine designed to

absorb digested food? Explain.A: H The small intestine is the longest part of

the alimentary canal.H Digestion completed in small intestine

with the help of bile juice, pancreaticjuice and intestinal juice.

H The inner surface of small intestine hasmillions of tiny finger like projectionscalled villi.

H Villi increases absorption surface area ofsmall intestine large surface area ofsmall intestine helps in the rapidabsorption of digested food.

4. Explain the process of photosynthesis withthe help of a flow chart?

Light6 CO2 + 12 H2O C6H12O6 +

Chlorophyll 6 H2O + 6 O2

A: H Photosynthesis is a photochemical reac-tion during which CO2 and water com-bines in the presence of sunlight andchlorophyll to prepare glucose. Oxygenand water are also formed as by prod-ucts.

H Photosynthesis occurs in two phasesi) Light reaction ii) Dark reaction

H The following events occur in lightreactiona) Activation of chlorophyllb) Splitting of water molecule (photolysis)c) Formation of O2, ATP, NADPH

H In dark reaction, CO2 is reduced toglucose through a series of reactions.

5. From the following list prepare correctmatch with vitamins and respectivedeficiency disease. Retinol, fertility disor-ders, pantothenic acid, calciferol, burningfeet, night blindness, rickets, tocoferol.

A: Retinol - Night blindnessTocoferol - Fertility disordersPantothenic acid - Burning feetCalciferol - Rickets

6. What are the digestive juices (withenzymes) secreted by the salivary, liver,pancrease, gastric glands.

Four Marks Questions

1. What are the essential factors required forphotosynthesis?

A: Carbondioxide, Water, Sunlight,Chlorophyll

2. What are the end products of photosyn-thesis?

A: Glucose, Oxygen, Water3. Write the chemical equation of photosyn-

thesis?Light

A: 6 CO2 + 12 H2O C6H12O6 +Chlorophyll

6 H2O + 6 O2

4. What is Grana?A: The stacked Sac like structures formed by

the third layer of chloroplast is calledGrana.

5. What is stroma?A: The fluid filled portion of chloroplast is

called stroma.6. What are the end products of light

reaction?A: O2, ATP, NADPH7. Define photolysis.A: Splitting of water molecule by light

activated chlorophyll is known asphotolysis.

8. ATP - Adenosine triphosphate NADPH - ?

A: Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotidehydrogen phosphate

9. Kwashiorkor - Protein deficiencyMarasmus - ?

A: Protein and calorie deficiency10. Arrange the following in correct sequence

Defecation, Digestion, Ingestion,Absorption.

A: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption,Defecation

One Mark Questions

Who Discovered Oxygen?

1. Who proposed simplified chemicalequation for photosynthesis?

A: C B Van Neil2. Which reagent is used to identify the

presence of starch in leaves?A: Iodine solution3. In Iodine test, the starch turns into which

colour?A: Blue - black colour4. Who discovered Oxygen?A: Joseph Priestly5. Who coin the term oxygen?A: Lavoisier6. Name of the solution used in bottle in

Mohl's half leaf experiment?A: KOH (Potassium Hydroxide)7. Use of KOH in Mohl's half leaf experiment?A: To absorb CO2 present in the bottle.

8. Maximum rate of photosynthesis occurs in...... light rays.

A: Blue and Red9. Who discovered photolysis of water?A: Robert hill10. Who discovered Chlorophyll?A: Pelletier and Caventous11. Chlorophyll containing organelles are

known as ...A: Chloroplast12. Hemoglobin - Iron : Chlorophyll - ?A: Magnesium13. Chlorophyll a - Blue - green colour

Chlorophyll b - ?A: Yellow - green colour14. Light dependent reaction -

Photochemical phase Light independent reaction - ?

A: Biosynthetic phase

12 Mark Questions

Nutrition - Food Supplying System

Photosynthesis

Light reaction Dark reaction

Activation of chlorophyll CO2 + RUBP

Photolysis

Formation of O2 Hexose sugar

ATP, NADPH PGA

used in dark reaction

Glucose

}

Membrane

Grana

Stoma

Starch

Loop of DNA

Target-2020

TenthGeneral Science

100100

Joseph Priestly

A: Name of Name of Enzymes the gland the dige- present in

stive juice them

Salivary Saliva Ptyalinglands

Liver Bile juice No enzymes

Pancreas Pancreatic Amylase, juice Trypsin,

Lipase

Gastric Gastric Pepsinglands juice

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One Mark Questions

1. Name the digestive juice doesn’t containenzymes?

A: Bile juice secreted from Liver doesn’t con-tain enzymes.

2. In which process solar energy converted into chemical energy?

A: In photosynthesis process solar energyconverted in to chemical energy.

3. What does the high level of lactic acid indi-cate about the condition of respiration?

A: When the oxygen level is low, carbohy-drate breaks down for energy in anaerobicway and produce lactic acid. Lactic acidlevels get higher when strenuous exerciseor other conditions.

4. If epiglottis is functionless in a person, whatwill happen to him?

A: The epiglottis unable to prevent food fromgoing into the trachea and damage to res-piratory system leads to the death of a per-son.

5. Write the precautions taken by you in theheat evolved during respiration experiment?

A: Take care that the bulb of the thermometershould dip in the sprouts. Close the flaskwith this tight fitting cork.

7. How do you appreciate the function ofLarynx?

A: This stiff box contains our vocal cords.When air passes out of the lungs and overthe vocal cords, it causes them to vibrate.So no Larynx no sound. That’s why I appreciate the Larynx.

P. Prabhakar ReddySubject Expert

Writer Target-2020

TenthGeneral Science

100100

Label A and B parts inthe given diagram?

6.

A: A - MembraneB - Granum

Four Marks Questions1. How do you prove that CO2 is necessary for

photosynthesis? Write the role of KOH inthis?

A: Aim: To prove that CO2 is necessary forphotosynthesis.

Apparatus: Wide mouthed transparent bottle,Potassium hydroxide solution, splitted cork,potted plant, Iodine solution and Vaseline.Procedure: Arrange the apparatus as shown inthe figure. Insert splitted cork in the mouth of thebottle. Insert one of theleaf of destarched plantthrough a split cork intobottle containing potas-sium hydroxide solution.Apply Vaseline aroundthe cork. Leave theplant in sunlight. After afew hours, detach and test this leaf with Iodine.Observation: The leaf part which wasexposed to the atmospheric air and lightbecomes Bluish-black and the one inside thebottle remain colorlessResult: This proves that Carbon dioxide isnecessary for photosynthesis.H potassium hydroxide absorbs Carbon diox-

ide in the bottle.2. Mention the names of the glands and their

enzymes, which help in digestion?A: Salivary glands secrete saliva ptyalin (sali-

vary amylase) in buccal cavity. Gastricglands secrete gastric juice into stomachwhich contain pepsin

H Liver secrets Bile juice into duodenumwhich contain no enzymes. Pancreassecrets pancreatic juice into duodenumwhich contain Amylase, Trypsin, Lipase

H Intestinal glands secrete intestinal juice insmall intestine which contains peptidasesand sucrases.

3. Compare photosynthesis and respiration,and why they are called as opposite reac-tions?

A: Respiration and photosynthesis are almostopposite processes because photosynthe-sis removes carbon dioxide from theatmosphere while respiration puts back car-

bon dioxide. Respiration uses oxygen andphotosynthesis uses carbon dioxide (CO2).

Difference between Respiration andPhotosynthesis

4. Respiration is an energy releasing pathway.Do you agree? Justify your answer.

A: H Yes, Respiration is an energy releasingprocess, or a catabolic reaction whereglucose is broken down to yield energy inthe form of ATP.

H ATP is a cellular energy currency, which isformed by adding a phosphate molecule toadenosine diphosphate, via the creation of ahigh energy bond. One molecule of glucoseyields approximately 38 ATP molecules.

H ATP molecule gives 7200 Calories of energy.H This energy is stored in Mitochondria.H It can be in the presence of oxygen that is

'aerobic respiration', or in the absence ofoxygen called anaerobic respiration.

H The exact chemical detail of the breakdownof sugar or other foods within a living celldoes not take place as a single reaction, butoccurs in a series of small steps. As thechange in the chemical nature of the mole-cule from one stage to the next is slight, inany step small amount of energy is released.

H The complete breakdown of a sugar mole-

cule with the release of all its available ener-gy involves a series of different chemicalreactions. From the breakdown of glucosethe energy is released.

5. Write the procedure, apparatus, and pre-cautions you followed to understand theanaerobic respiration evolves heat experi-ment in your school lab?

A: Aim: To prove that heat is evolved duringanaerobic respiration.

Apparatus: Thermos flask, Bengal gramseeds, Cork/cotton and Thermometer.Procedure: Arrange theapparatus as shown in thefigure. Pour a hand full ofsoaked Bengal gramseeds in the thermos flask.Insert a thermometer inthat flask. Fit the cork/ cot-ton. Leave the experiment for 20-24 hours.Observation: The temperature in the ther-mometer is increased gradually.Result: This proves that heat is evolved fromthe anaerobic respiration. .Precautions: Tight the cotton carefully,ensures this experiment is in the room temper-ature. Ensure that the thermometer bulb isdipped in the sprouting seeds.

Two Marks Questions

1. Write the differences between theautotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition?

2. What is the role of diaphragm and ribs inthe respiration?

A: When the diaphragm contracts andmoves lower, the chest cavity enlarges,reducing the pressure inside the lungs.To equalize the pressure, air enters thelungs (Inhalation). When the diaphragmrelaxes and moves back up, the elastic-ity of the lungs and chest wall pushesair out of the lungs (Exhalation).

3. Observe the table and answer the fol-lowing questions.

a) Why does the Oxygen vary between theexhaled and inhaled air?

b) What has raised the % of Carbon diox-ide in exhaled air?

A: a) 5% of Oxygen is diffused in to theblood and carry by the RBC to thecells.

b) The percentage of carbon dioxideincreases when exhaling as it is aproduct of respiration.

4. Fill the flow chart A and B with suitableanswers.

A: A - Pharynx

B - Larynx

A: Autotrophic Nutrition

i) Food is preparedfrom CO2, waterand sunlight.

ii) Chlorophyll isrequired.

iii) All green plantsand some bacteriahave this type ofnutrition.

iv) Food is generallyin day time.

Heterotrophic Nutrition

i) Food is obtainedfrom other organ-isms.

ii) Chlorophyll is notrequired.

iii) All animals andfungi have thistype of nutrition.

iv) Food can beobtained at alltime.

Gas % of inhaled % in exhaled air air

Oxygen 21 16

Carbon 0.03 4.4 dioxide

Nitrogen 78 78

Nostrils Nasal cavity TracheaA B

RespirationEnergy is released.

O2 is used and CO2and H2O are givenoff.

A catabolic process,resulting in the break-down of carbohy-drate molecules.

Occurs at all times inall cells, independentof chlorophyll andsunlight.

Results in loss of drymass.

PhotosynthesisEnergy is stored incarbohydrate mole-cules.

CO2 and H2O areused whereas O2 isgiven off.

A anabolic process,resulting in the build-ing up of carbohy-drate molecules.

Occurs only in cells,containing chloro-phyll and in the pres-ence of sunlight.

Results in the gain ofdry mass.

1. A plant is kept in dark for 48 hours in anexperiment, in order to A) Remove chlorophyll from leavesB) Remove starch from leaves.C) Remove CO2 from leaves.D) Remove water from leaves.

2. Plants which possesses respiratory roots?A) Xerophytes B) MangrovesC) Hydrophytes D) Mesophytes

3. What will happen if saliva does not mix withfood in the mouth? A) Food does not digest properly B) Acidity problemsC) A and B D) No effect on the digestion

4. Oxygen debt means

A) Supply of less oxygenB) Supply of more oxygenC) Exhaling less CO2D) Exhaling more CO2

A) CO2 is released in respirationB) O2 is released in respirationC) CO2 is absorbed in respirationD) O2 is absorbed in respiration

5.

Aim of this experimentis

12 Mark Questions

Key1-B; 2-B; 3-C; 4-A; 5-A.

ATP.. Cellular Energy Currency

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