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America and Imperialism
Imperialism
The policy in which a stronger nation take over another for
natural resources and trade.
Expansionism Restaurant
Three factors that fueled Imperialism.Desire for military strengthThirst for new marketsBelief in cultural superiority (manifest destiny)
American Imperialism
Which title best describes the message of this cartoon?A) “Neutrality is the best
Policy”B) “Temptations of the
Imperialist Menu”C) “The Dangers of
Overeating”D) “Isolationism: Our Old
Ally”
Supporting an empire would be a financial burden
Concentrate energies on solving problems at home
Empire would involve U.S in more wars
It is a violation of democratic principals to annex land and not offer it’s people the same rights as those of American citizens
Anti Imperialist Point of View
Seward’s Folly
We buy Alaska!!!! - 1867
William SewardPurchase from Russians 1867- $7.2 million!Called Seward’s Ice BoxBecame the 49th
State in 1959
Hawaiian Islands 50th state
Annexation of Hawaii -1898
1890 U.S. placed protective tariff on imported sugar. This hurt sugar growers in Hawaii1893 American planters carried out a successful revolution against the Hawaiian ruler.Economically important- American sugar growers ask U.S. to annex Hawaii in 1898Military – Pearl Harbor
Rebellion against Spanish Rule
Between 1895 and 1898 Cuba and the Philippine Islands revolted against Spain. The Cubans gained independence, but the Filipinos did not.
Spanish Misrule
Frederick Remington worked for William Randolph Hearst and The World newspaper
Underlying Causes of Spanish American War
Economic- Cuban provoked U.S involvement by burning U.S plantationsMonroe Doctrine- Spain was interfering with Cuban independenceExpansionist- offered opportunity to seize territory from a weak nation. (Spain)De Lome LetterYellow Journalism –sensational style of reportingPropaganda in the yellow pressDesire of Americans to help a country who, like the US, was fighting for independence.
The “Butcher” Weyler (Gen. Valeriano Weyler)
Cubans began to rebel against Spain in 1895.General Weyler was sent to Cuba to restore order. He sent 300,000 Cubans to barbed wire concentration camps. Many died. How was General Weyler viewed by this cartoonist?
De Lome LetterEnrique Dupuy De Lome called McKinley “weak and catering to the rabble, and, besides, a low politician, who desires to leave a door open to me and to stand well with the jingoes of his party.“De Lome resigned when Cuban rebels intercepted the letter and leaked it to the yellow press.
Immediate Cause of Spanish American War
Sinking of the Maine in Havana Harbor,Cuba February 15th,1898
Spanish American War 1898
February 15th 1898 Battleship Maine explodedApril 22nd U.S. blockade of CubaApril 25th U.S. declared war on Spain
The U.S.S Maine
Remember the Maine
Describe the picture in as much detail as possible.
What message is the artist trying to communicate?
Yellow Journalism
Pulitzer & HearstDefinition-Sensational style of writing, which exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers.
New York Journal
What headline stands out?What newspaper publisher owned the New York Journal?
Spanish Politeness
Explain the main point of the cartoon.
“Let Go Of Him McKinley”Who was going after the Spanish?
War in the Philippines – The Pacific Theater
The US sent Admiral Dewey to attack the Spanish at Manila Bay in the PhilippinesDewey’s men either captured or destroyed every Spanish ship.The US can now focus war in Cuba.
Theodore Roosevelt and the First Volunteer Regiment of the War
Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt resigned his post. May15th Theodore Roosevelt began training with the Rough Riders.
Rough Riders
Buffalo Soldiers
African-Americans distinguished themselves in the war, but their toughest battle was against discrimination. Troopers of the Ninth and Tenth cavalries were in the forefront of the assault on Kettle and San Juan Hills.
What Really Happened?
“the actual charge up San Juan Hill included white infantry and black cavalry, but no Rough Riders. Roosevelt, hunkered down on Kettle Hill 400 yards away, was a spectator to the main charge. The Spanish army had already fled by the time the Rough Riders ascended San Juan.”
Yellow Fever
Only 379 men would die of combat wounds in Cuba; more than 5,000 succumbed to ``yellow jack,'' as the troops called yellow fever or from food poisoning….. Remember the Jungle???? (embalmed beef)
A Splendid Little War
• Sinking of the Battleship Maine in Havana Harbor, Feb. 15, 1898
• War Declared with Spain, April 21, 1898
• Battle of Manila Bay, May 1, 1898
• Battles of Las Guasimas, San Juan & El Caney
• Surrender of Santiago, July 17, 1898
• Peace Protocol Signed, August 12, 1898
Results of the War
The Treat of Paris 1898America’s involvement increase in Asia & South AmericaNational debates among anti-imperialist & imperialistAcquisition of the Philippines for 20 million, Guam, and Puerto Rico. Cuba gains its independence. US sets up military base at Guantanamo Bay, CubaAmerica is recognized as a world power
Treaty of Paris December 1898
Spain agreed to grant Cuba its independenceSpain gave the U.S. two islands:
Puerto Rico Guam
Spain sold the Philippine Islands for 20 million
Great White Fleet
Alfred Mahan of the U.S. Navy urged government to build up American naval power in order to compete with other nations.
US Foreign PolicyMonroe Doctrine 1823
US Foreign Policy under T.R. Roosevelt Corollary
In his December 1904 message to Congress, Roosevelt added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. He warned that disorder in Latin America might “force the U.S. to exercise of an international police power.” Explain how Roosevelt took care of problems in the Western Hemisphere.
The “Big Stick” Policy
Teddy Roosevelt’s motto!!Used Monroe Doctrine as Justification.Definition- T.R. would use force to solve problems in Latin American.
“International Policemen”
Venezuela failed to pay its debts to European nations. Europeans sent gunboats to blockade Venezuelan ports. Roosevelt brought matter before international court. Dispute settled peacefully
“Debt Collector”
Dominican Republic could not repay its debts to European nations.
Roosevelt took control of financial affairs of Dominican Republic to ensure payment
U.S. Intervenes in Latin America
Panama Canal
U.S need to cut travel time to Pacific
- Commercial- Military
Shortest Route but most difficultPurchased from French Company1903 Panama Rebels against Columbia
Map: Panama Canal
“ Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far”
With U.S military support, Panama rebelled against Colombia.
United States won control of Canal Zone
Panama – A New Sister Republic
The News Reaches Bogota – From the Herald (New York)Why does the picture show T.R. shoveling dirt on top of Bogota?
Constructing the Canal-Problems
One of the Worlds greatest engineering feats!!!!
Work began 1904
43,400 workers
Problems: 5,600 died –yellow fever or accidents, mudslides, digging through mountains, engineering locks.
Total cost 380 million
Opened August 15, 1914
US Foreign PolicyDollar Diplomacy
Established by Taft. Roosevelt's successorDefinition: US investment in Latin America would stabilize region. Example:Nicaragua 1911American Business in controlJustified keeping Europe out of Latin America.
Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy
Definition: U.S has a moral responsibility to deny recognition of any Latin American government it views as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S interests.Pressured the western hemisphere to establish democratic governments.
