Unit 4: The Age of Imperialism (1890-1917) Imperialism in East Asia and Latin America

Bell Ringer - A New World Power

At the end of the Spanish-American War, the U.S. had accomplished its goal of becoming a world power, a role we still retain today.

What problems have we faced as a nation historically because of the role we play in the rest of the world?

The Filipino Insurrection (1898 – 1902)

Emilio Aguinaldo launches guerilla war against U.S.Very brutal conflict and U.S. used harsh tactics to put down rebellionAguinaldo captured in 19015,000 U.S. and 200,000 Filipinos died (most were civilians)

An “Open Door” to ChinaMany nations wanted “spheres of influence” in China for trade rights1899- Sec. State John Hay wrote “Open Door” notes to Europe’s leadersOpen Door Policy would ensure U.S. equal access to China’s marketsHe was basically ignored.

The Boxer Rebellion of 1900In the spring, Chinese Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists (the “Boxers”) rebelled against foreigners300 foreigners and Christian Chinese were massacredUS sent 2000 troops with 20,000 multi-national force to crush rebellionEurope’s leaders agree to Open Door Policy

The Assassination of McKinleyMcKinley was easily re-elected in 1900 with war hero Theodore Roosevelt as his Vice President

Sept. 6, 1901 anarchist Leon Czolgosz assassinates President McKinley

T.R. becomes President 8 days later

The “Modern Presidency” is born

T.R. was an Imperialist and wanted U.S. to continue to grow as world power

TR’s ResumeHarvard grad - 1880NY State Legislator – 3 termsRancher in Dakota Territory until 1886Civil Service Commission & Police Commissioner in NYAsst. Sec. of NavyWar HeroGovernor of NYExiled to Vice PresidencyPresident 1901-1909

42 years & 11 monthsYoungest President Ever

Exit Slip – Imperialism Under President McKinley

1. T or F: More American soldiers died during the Filipino Insurrection than during the Spanish-American War.

2. T or F: During the late 1800s, the U.S. pursued an Open Door Policy with Russia.

3. T or F: The Boxers in China rebelled because of the Chinese government’s harsh treatment of Christian missionaries.

4. T or F: Theodore Roosevelt served as Governor of NY prior to becoming Vice President of the U.S. in 1900.

Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy

“Walk softly and carry a big stick”U.S. had to accept challenge of empire and be an international leaderSocial DarwinsimUse military when diplomacy failed

U.S. Policy in Puerto RicoForaker Act (1900) – civil gov’t where U.S. President appointed a governor & part of leg. Insular Cases – S.C. determined that P. Ricans didn’t have all rights of U.S. citizensJones-Shafroth Act (1917) – same rights as U.S. citizensU.S. Protectorate today & Commonwealth (1952)

Cuba Becomes a U.S. ProtectorateTeller Amendment (1898) – No annex!U.S. Army remained until 1902Platt Amendment (1903) – Cuba couldn’t sign treaties with other nations unless U.S. approved and leased us naval base at Guantanamo Bay so we could protect the canal zone!

The Panama Canal1902 – U.S. purchased French assets in Panama for $40 million via Spooner ActUS supported revolution in Panama to free it from Colombia in 19031904 Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty gave US rights to 10 mile-wide, 46 mile-wide canal zone for $10 Million + $250,000 a year rentT.R. boasted, “I took the canal zone…”

The Panama Canal CompletedBuilt from 1904-1914Dr. William Gorgas helped defeat malaria35,000 workers from 80 nations5,000 deaths8,000 miles saved from S.D., CA – N.Y.C. 9 Hours to get through it!1979 ceded back to Panama

Panama Canal Time Lapse

Exit Slip – The U.S. in Latin America

1. T or F – President Roosevelt’s foreign policy can be described as mild and ineffective.

2. T or F – Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens.3. T or F – To build the Panama Canal, the

U.S. helped Panama break free from Colombia.

4. T or F – One obstacle that had to be overcome in building the Panama Canal was disease.

Roosevelt Settles the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)

Japan & Russia go to war over influence in China1904 Japan humiliates Russian fleet at Port Arthur, China1905 TR wins Nobel Peace Prize for Treaty of Portsmouth, NHShowed increased role of U.S. in world affairs

Roosevelt Updates the Monroe Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine (1823) – No new European colonies in W. HemisphereRoosevelt Corollary (1905) – U.S. is policeman of W. Hemisphere – this will keep Europe out

The “Gentlemen’s Agreement”1906 SF,CA banned Asian children from public schoolsJapanese newspapers demanded action1907 -TR reached agreement to end segregation in S.F. while Japan would restrict emigration to the U.S.

T.R.’s “Great White Fleet”1907 – TR concerned about Japanese expansion in Asia at the expense of China, Russia, and KoreaHe flexes U.S. muscle when he sends 16 new U.S. battleships around world on a “good will cruise”1908 – It makes a special stop in Japan

President Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy

Taft was T.R.’s “handpicked” successor Put down the “Big Stick” and substitute $$$ for bullets in Asia and Latin AmericaIt encouraged American investmentU.S. had to use force at times and it really failed

President Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy

Wilson (D) – Anti-imperialist at heartU.S. would never again seek “one square foot” of territory and we would promote “natural rights” and self-determinationStill we intervened in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico

Wilson sends U.S. troops to Mexico

Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz was friendly to U.S. businesses1911 F. Madero > V. Huerta, but Wilson wanted V. Carranza1914 Wilson sent U.S. Marines to Veracruz, Mexico and Huerta’s government collapsed

The Hunt for Pancho VillaRevolutionary Pancho Villa, angry b/c Carranza was slow to bring about change, raided Columbus, N.M. in 1916 and killed 18 AmericansWilson sent General John J. Pershing + 10,000 troops to find him11 month search, 400 miles into Mexico, called off in March 1917 as WW I raged in EuropeVilla was killed by unknown assassins in 1923

Exit Slip – U.S. Imperialism in Asia

1. The U.S. fought a costly war from 1899-1902 after winning it from Spain?a. Cuba b. China c. The Philippines d. Vietnam

2. The U.S. wanted an Open Door Policy in this nation?a. Japan b. China c. Vietnam d. Korea

3. President ______ won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905 for settling a conflict between Russia and Japan.a. Roosevelt b. Taft c. Wilson d. McKinley

4. A Gentlemen’s Agreement was reached between the U.S. and _______ to settle the issue of segregated schools in SF,CA.a. Cuba b. China c. Spain d. Japan