AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE

IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA

"the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination.“

Direct Imperialism: One state takes control of the government of another state or territory through political or military means

In-direct Imperialism: One state, through economic processes, links itself to a self-governed nation or territory and exerts unequal control over trade with that nation or territory

Imperialism

• The practice by which countries or governments expand their territory, often for economic purposes.

• Manifest Destiny becomes expansionism and stretches beyond the borders of the continental U.S. beginning in the mid 19th century with Hawaii

Expansionism

WHY IMPERIALISM?

• 1) Desire for Military strength

• 2) Thirst for new markets

• 3) Belief in Cultural Superiority

Alfred Mahan

The Great White Fleet

Hawaii

1826 - First treaty signed – “Friends and trade partners”

1875 – No duties, taxes, or tariffs for Americans in Hawaii

1887 Monarchy falls and only wealthy land owners can vote.

Business man Sanford Dole rules Hawaii

U.S. TAKES HAWAII

THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA

Alaska

THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

Cuba is just 90 miles south of Florida

CUBA’S SECOND WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE

Marti

YELLOW JOURNALISM

• Hearst• Pulitzer• Headline Wars

• http://watchmojo.com/video/id/6937/

Political cartoon: Pulitzer (left) and Hearst escalating and instigating war

between the U.S. and Spain

U.S.S MAINE EXPLODES

Before After

The Maine Explodes

Unknown artist , 1898

Notice the men flying dramatically through the air

Remember the Maine!!!

WAR ERUPTS WITH SPAIN

• JINGOISM – extreme patriotism in the form of foreign diplomacy

Rough Riders Charge in

A Big Turkey Shoot

• Spanish fleet destroyed at Battle of Santiago Bay

• As a result of the destruction of the Spanish fleet, the war with Spain was ended

SAN JUAN HILL AND MANILA

U.S. WINS; SIGNS TREATY OF PARIS

• The U.S. and Spain signed an armistice on August 12, 1898, ending what Secretary of State John Hay called “a splendid little war”

• The war lasted only 16 weeks

• Cuba was now independent

• U.S. receives Guam, Puerto Rico, and “bought” the Philippines for $20 million

Treaty of Paris, 1898

• United states gains Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Cuba from Spain

• The Phillipines fought for Independence.

• Why keep Philipines?– U.S. uses concentration camps in the

Phillipines– More economic opportunity

Spoils of War

ACQUIRING NEW LANDS

• The U.S had to decide how to rule the new lands

• Puerto Rico wanted their independence– but the U.S. had other plans

• Puerto Rico was important to the U.S. strategically

• The U.S. set up a civil government, full citizenship, and a bicameral system

CUBA AND THE UNITED STATES

Today the U.S. has a prison in Guantanamo

Bay, Cuba

Platt Amendment

• Cuba no treaties• US can intervene in

Cuba• Cannot go into

further debt• US could buy/lease

land• Cuba becomes

protectorate

FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA

Foreign nations were opening the door to China’s trade

China: Getting our Piece of the Pie

• Nations carved “spheres of influence” claiming only they could trade within that sphere

• U.S. institutes “Open Door” policy

• The ruler of China hopes to institute a “Closed Door” policy

BOXER REBELLION

China: The Boxer RebellionRighteous Harmony

Society MovementOverthrow foreign

influenceAnti-imperialismAnti-ChristianRebellion failsHarsh punishments and fines

AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER

• Two events signaled America’s continued climb toward being the #1 world power

• 1) Roosevelt negotiated a settlement between Russia and Japan who had been at War – his successful efforts in negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth won Roosevelt the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize

• 2) Construction of Panama Canal

The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually

Monroe Doctrine• Signed by President Monroe

1823• Stated that further efforts by

European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring US intervention

• Largely ignored at the time, it becomes highly important in the late 19th century to today

Roosevelt Corollary

• 1904 “amendment to Monroe Doctrine

• asserted a right of the United States to intervene in order to "stabilize" the economic affairs of small states if they were unable to pay their international debts

• Haiti, Niccaragua, Dominican Republic, and Cuba

“Big Stick” Policy

• “Speak softly and carry a big stick.“

• The “Big Stick” policy is the idea of negotiating peacefully, while simultaneously threatening with the “big stick” - the military

Teddy’s Big Stick

• U.S. guaranteed Latin American loans

• Taft – relation go from “war like and political” to “peaceful and economic”

• U.S. exerts control over Latin America through the debt Latin America owes to the U.S.

• Creates tensions in Latin America – Military intervention

Taft's Dollar Diplomacy

THE PANAMA CANAL

“The shortcut”

BUILDING THE PANAMA CANAL 1904-1914

Cost- $380 million Workers– Over 40,000 (5,600 died)

Time – Construction took 10 years

This view, provided by NASA, shows the thin blue line (canal) cutting across the middle of Panama

Almost 1,000,000 ships have passed through the canal, which became sole property of Panama in the year 2000

• French begin a canal in 1880, but fail to finish it

• U.S. initially proposes canal in Niccaragua, as there “big stick” is already there

• U.S. decides on Panama and supports Panamanian revolt against Columbian control

• U.S. buys French equipment and construction rights for $40 million and begins construction May 4, 1904

• U.S. later pays Columbia $25 million for our role in the Panama independence movement.

Panama Canal

• Rather than a traditional “sea level” canal U.S. uses system of locks and dams

• Yellow Fever sweeps through the camp

• Canal completed in 1914, 2 years ahead of schedule

• U.S. maintains control of the Panama Canal until Decemebr 31, 1999, and in part Panama’s economy

Panama Canal cont…

Teddy’s Canal