\\ ()Rl D A( ADl ~1) Ol S( 11\I( 1• I \I(d~l i RI'<1 ''\D I i < uxor {)(Il

_ V()Ll)~lI 62. FI HRL'AR\ "010. ISS:\ 2070·372.tDear Distinguished Delegate,

World Congress on Science, Engineering and Technology is an international scientific forum of distinguishedscholars engaged in scientific, engineering and technological research. dedicated to the furtherance of science.engineering and technology. The academic research congress since its inception is at the cutting edge ofinternational nonprofit scientific. engineering and technological progress to promoting excellence in science.

The congress plays an influential role in science and promotes developments in science, engineering andtechnology in a wide range of \••..ays. The congress aims to foster research in the area of science and technologyand its impact to mainstream human activities. Specifically, it serves as a venue for discussion and exchange ofideas on current issues in science and technology.

All full paper submissions to the congress are peer reviewed & refereed and evaluated based on originality,research content. and correctness. relevance to contributions, and readability. In this context, the full papersubmissions are chosen based on technical merit, interest, applicability, and how well they fit a coherent andbalanced technical program. The accepted full papers after rigorous peer reviewing process have beenpublished in the refereed international congress proceedings.

Abdel·Badeeh M. Salem. EGFaculty of Computer and Information SciencesAin Shams University. Egypt

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMtTTEEKaren Armstrong, CAYork UniversityFaculty of Education

Arkady Bolotin. ILBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeersheba. Israel

Kenneth Revert, UKUniversity of WestminsterHarrow School of Computer Science, London. UK

Byoung-Tak Zhang, KRSchool of Computer Science and EngineeringSeoul National University, Seoul. Korea

Mansour Heidi. USAUniversity of KentuckyCollege of Pharmacy

Care Lucas. IRDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering.University ofTehran

Milos Seda, ClBmo University of TechnologyInstitute of Automation and Computer Science

Peter Pivonka, AUMelbourne School of EngineeringDepartment of Biomedical Engineering

Mohammad Siddique, USADepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science.Fayeneville Stale University

Chanseng He. USADepartment of GeographyWestern Michigan University

Omar J. Khan, USAMaine Business SchoolUniversity of Maine

Christos Grecos, UKSchoolofCompulingUniversity of West of Scotland

Paola Lecca, ITThe Microsoft Research - University ofTrentoCentre for Computational and Systems Biology

Edgardo Bucciaretli. IT Quoc-Nam Tran. USADepartment of Quantitative Methods and Economic Theory Lamer (Texas Slate) UniversityUniversity ofChieti-Pescara -Italy Beaurnont. Texas. USA

Eric Filiol. FREcole Superieure d'Inforrnatique. d'Electronique etd'Autornarique. France

S. M. A. Burney. PKDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Karachi. Pakistan

Gianfranco Giulioni, IT Wang Zhigang. USADepartment of Quantitative Methods and Economic Theory. University of California, DavisUniversity of Chieti-Pescara - Italy Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering

Giuseppe Trino. IT Zarita Zainuddin, MYWorld Academy of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies. School of Mathematical SciencesExecutive President. Italy Universiti Sa ins Malaysia

Article # TABLE OF CONTENTS-PART VII-

Effects of Thin Film Coatings on Radiative Properties of Nanoscalc Multilayer in Infrared WavelengthsS.A.A.Oloomi, A.Sabvonchi. A. Sedaghot

Comparison of Donors and Acceptors on Radiative Properties ufThin Film Coatings with Coherent Formulation in VisibleWavelengthsS.A.A.Oloomi. A.Saboonchi. A. Sedaghat

Effect of Influent COD on Biological Ammonia Removal Efficiency5.H. Mirhossaini. H. Godini. A. Jafari

Fluid 10 Particle mass transfer studies in downersS'Sriram. RsPraveen Kumar. Y.PIIIlI .••hothman. J.·.Su·(mlhahllCFO simulations of a eo-current spray dryerSood Nohi SolehUniversity Students Awareness on M-LearningSahilu Wendeson. Wan Fatimah 8r Wan Atnnod, Nozlecni Somiha 8t HaronEfTects of Selective Logging on Residual Stands and Implications of Management: A Case Study of Malayan HillDipterocarp RainforestSoiful lslam

Minoo Island land use planning in order to sustainable land use managementSara Kaffasht, Mad Nosir Shomsndin. Mondonn ramr;

Modeling Harmonics Effects Elimination Using Active Filter On Unbalunce Load Power SY!'ICIll

Setiyono. Eri Prasetio W

Sequence Polymorphism of the Mitochondrial DNA Control Region in the Punjabi Population of PakistanShahzad Bhatti. A.A., Farooqi .. Farooq Sabir.. M.H.. Qazi.Environmental Quality Assessment of waters of a section of the Arabian Sea in GoaShiv Singh, Sujata Kotsary, Siddhartha DOIIO, Prasanta Kumar BanerjeeDetennining the Minimum Threshold for the Functional Relatedness of Inner-Outer ClassSim Hut Tee, Rodziah Atan, Abdul Azim Abd GhoniA Review and Comparison of IGES and STEPSuziyanti Marjudi, Mohd. Fahrni Mohamad Amrall, Khoiru! Amwar Abdullah, Setvawan Widvurto. Nnr Am~1'OAhdulMajid. Riza Sulaiman

Enhancing the Step Response Curve for Rectifier Current of H\'DC System Based on Fuzzy Logic ControllerTaha Jabbon, Mohamad Alaa Eddin Ala/i, Abdul Kareem Zowba Mansoor. AIi Nathem Hamoodi"Open Brajao" Web-based 3D Building Simulation SystemTaw Viriyasumethi. Purivich Asaneevutikom. Lerit Nuksawn. Cholwich NatteeA comparative study on available IPv6 platforms for wireless sensor nerworkUsman Sarwor, Gopinath Sinniah Rao. Zeldi Suryady, Rezo KhoshdelniatGeneralization of Chain Ratio Type estimatorsSaid AI; AI-Hadhrami

Improved Estimation Based On Moving Extremes Ranked Set SamplingSaid AI; Al-Hadhrami

The Mixture Approach to Simulate Ratio EstimatorsSaid Ali AI-Hadhrami

Performance Evaluation of Para-virtualization On Modem rvlobile Phone Platform}'ang XII. Felix Bruns. Elizabeth Gonzalez. Shadi Traboulsi. Klons MOll. Anito BilgicUsing Artificial Neural Network to Forecast Groundwater Depth in Union County WellZahra Ghadampour. Gholamreza RakhshandehrooHydrogen Sulphide Removal Using a Novel Biofilter MediaZ. M. Shareefdeen. A. Aidan. rVAhmed. M. B. Khatri. M. Is/am. R. l.echeheb. F. Shams

The Characteristics of the Factors That Govern the Preferred Force in the Social Force Model of Pedestrian MovementZorita Zainuddin. Mohammed Mahmod Shuoib. Ibtesam M A bu-SutvmanImproving RBF networks classification perforrnance by using K-Harmonic meansZ. Zainuddin, W. K. LyeA note on Linear 8 - derivations on lB"'-triplesZeinab M.Abd El.-Kader, Adel M.laki. Reham M. Esmail

Derivations of tensor product of finite number of simple Cv-algebrasZeinab M.Abd El.-Kader. Adel A1.Zaki. Reham M. Esmail

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World Academy of Science. Engineering and Technology 62 2010

Modeling Harmonics Effects Elimination Using Active FilterOn Unbalance Load Power System

Setiyono, Eri Prasetio WDepartement of Electrical Enginering Gunadarma University Jakarta

JI. Margonda Raya 100 Telp. (021) 78881112 ext 444Entail . ~ruyono{lL:~talrl!,unaJarrlli!..aciJ

eri((/isla fT.~lIIlJdarm(\.ac. id

ABSTRACT

This paper described load characteristics shifting problems that happen in a large quantities, which is from !inierload to non linin load caused some related problems with harmonics introduction. These problems are causeddevice incompatibility, increased losses and system deficiency, aberration measurement system and powersystem analysis. reliability decreasing and policy/responsibility problems. in general. this research reviewsharmonics generator, the problems that exist and the solution for that problems, technically and policy. ActiveFilter used to eliminate harmonics current on customer side. This paper also evaluated the method to computecurrent compensation for all active filters which compensate three phase system with unbalance load. The modeldesign was simulated in the Matlab Simulink. Simulation result is the load and source current could be back tosmooth sinusoidal position with neutral current value closed to zero.

Keywords' Active Filter, Harmonics Compensation, Unbalance Load

I. INTRODUCTIONThe tendency of using electronic loads in a largeamount had cause so much unpredictable problems.Different with electricity loads which pull sinusoidalcurrent, this loads pull current with non sinusoidalshape, even it supplied from sinusoidal voltagesource. The load which has this characteristic calledas non linier load. Current with non sinusoidal shapeintroduce high voltage current component withinjected into the nets. usually called harmonics current(because this phenomenon often called as harmonicspollutions). This harmonics current was caused a lotof negative implications, for customer and powerprovider as well. Disadvantage from harmonicsinclude technical aspects, costs and reliability. Ingeneral, harmonics which follow the nets caused bymany electronic devices used which has highfrequency wave generator (oscillator) or patternswitching. As an example, copy machine, electronicstypewriter. lamp using ballast, personal computer.computer system. computer terminal. recorder.television, video player. audio visual equipment. SCRthruster motor. SCR incentive Elevator. UPS. testequipment tools in the laboratory. detectionequipment at the hospital and so on. Beside that. a lotproblems related to harmonics which exist in <.I

building. As an example, overheating and neutralconductor failure, over heating and panel boardchannel failure, nets channel distortion, commonhigher mode voltage, tripping failure in circuitbreaker, over heat and premature failure ondistribution transformation, and so on. in active filtercontains computation controller technique forharmonics effect which will be removed. Usually thisactive filter created with three phase inverter which

used to current injection, le on nets network can beseen on figure 1.

- t ".

Figure I. A Set of Shunt Active Filter

2. CONTROLLING METHOD ON ACTIVEFILTER

A. FBD (Frize- Buchholz-Dcpenbrock) Method

This method proposed by Depenbrock which divideor decompose load current inside power componentand power loss loss component. The purpose is tocompensate all the components which didn'tproduced by power system, but give power factorless than I. This method said that average power ratio

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World Academy of Science. Engineering and I echnology 62 20 I 0

which consumed by load and RMS voltage value. thatstatement can be seen below [12356] .

G ~ h' V'· RMS I= - w ich } IS vo tagcV[' -, ~' , ,V- = V- + V.- + V- dan

_ 11 C V"' V., V, is

RMS voltage value on a.b and c phase. ~ is three

phase instant average power value which countedfrom active power. RefTerence current value can becompute with:

i.•(t) = G .v. (r ) - i, (t)

': (I)

(I) G.v (/)- i (I)

B. Synchronous Reference Method

This method use Park Component. Three PhaseSystem Park Injection Current Component can befound through implementing Clark Transform which

produce t: ib ' ic current represented into two

coordinate ia and iIiand with system reference

rotation angleB included to id and ': Then with

zero component availability. current value on

coordinate 0 - d - q can be obtained from:

t.fi

I.fi

cosr B _ 211)• 3,

. r 211)-sm (J--• 3

cosB

- sin ()

Instant Power can be obtained from:

To rninirnalize reactive power which loss mustcompensate reactive power in the amount of:

q(t) "r::::=::':, 1lVd.lq - v,s,

To make reactive power becoming zero, thisformulation can be use:

V{I'(/ - Vd .in = 0

vc,·it( -vq.i., =0

c. p - q Theory M et hodThis theory also known as .. instantaneous powertheory" which written by Akagi in 1983 to activefiller control. P - q theory contains voltage algebratransformation and three phase system current from

a - b - C coordinate to a - f3 - 0 coordinatewhich followed by instant power theory componentcalculation as followed fl2.l.m:

l/.fi-1/2

-13/2

Po = vo·io is instant power zero sequence

p = V a ia + V pip is real power

q = vaifJ - Vpia is imaginary power (Reactive

power)

the relation between voltage value and p - q

component current on a - fJ coordinate is :

This values illustrated on figure 2 :

Load

Figure 2 p- q theory current component

Po = Average value from 0 sequence instantaneous

power, that is related with energy per unit time which

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World Academy of Science. Engineering and Technology 622010

transferred from power supply to load through voltagecomponent and 0 sequence current.

Po = Turn around value from 0 sequence

instantaneous power, energy per unit time whichtransform between power supply with load through 0sequence component.

J5 = Instantaneous power average value. energy per

unit time which transferred from power supply to load

through wire or a - b - C coordinate

p = Turn around value from instantaneous power.

the energy per unit time which transform between

power supply and load through wire or a - b - Ccoordinate.

q = imaginary instantaneous power value. the power

that transform between phase and load.

As has been described previously, p is p - q power

component which always expected. This quantity canbe compensate using parallel active filter as seen on

figure 3. Po can be compensate without consume

much power supply on parallel active filter. Thisquantity transferred from power supply to loadthrough active filter. It means the previous energytransferred from source to load through voltage and 0sequence current, now transferred through balancechannel on phase wired source.

PowerSo",,,,

p·q·podanpoCapacitors on figure 3 only need to compensate pand Po' as long as this value must stored on that

component for some time and then delivered to load.For calculation reference compensation current into

a-fJ coordinate. reverse equation andcompensation current using equation:

As long the zero sequence compensated, reference

current on coordinate 0 is i u' = io' and to obtain

coordinate a be reference compensation current,reversed transformation is given in :

[

i .: fl/-fi Ii::. =H I/-fi -1/2i . ilJ: -112

('<' , ,

o lfi '1-./3/2 i::.- -./3/2 icp'

And i.,( = -(ic.( + '; + i....)

J. P q THEORY CALCULATION ALGORITHM

Control strategy to obtain compensation referencecurrent that displayed on figure 4 from p q componentc~alcUlation algorithm at be~~v :

: I·c~:",~_

Figure 4. P q Theory calculation Algorithm

4. SIMULATION RESULT

This research using Matlab Simulink Version7.1 Tools. which used to build p q theory algorithmsimulation above. while the simulation block diagramshown in figure 5 below:

~ii~]~o~v ---''1-~c, 'I I'E~"•. :: _;-- - ""'""';1' .. = r] '--;=</.,"'1t' ~-~l";'-~JI ! : 'Z E--A-' ,- -_-

[, 7:'.:~1f.~" ;::-":7"=_:1-" C.....;:j=·' ,F- ~J:3=_... -cr . --'

Figure 5. Simulation Model with Matlab Simulink

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World Academy of Science. Engineering and Iechnology 6220]0

This load consists of a 30 mH inductor with 0 I0 Qresistance and 3 phase thyristor controlled converter.Figures 6 to 11 show waveforms obtained fromsimulation results performed with this type of load.Fig. 6 presents the system voltage (vs) and figure 7the source current (is) before the shunt active filterstarts its operation. Fig. 11 illustrates the samewaveforms after the connection of the active filter tothe electric system. Fig. 10, I I presents the referencecurrent (i"d) and the compensation current (iF) of theactive filter.. fig. 6 and 11 presents the system voltage(vs) and the source current (is) when the shunt activefilter is connected to the power system (transientoperation). from these simulation results it is possibleto conc\ued that, for this type of load the shunt activefilter corrects successfully the power factor, and oughtto that. the current source value decreasesconsiderably.

\ " '\ J, 11 f' .r '"\ j '\ i I\ I' ,. '\ {\

I, vJVVV\jl

figure 6. Source Voltage a b c Phase

Each phase input voltage has pure sinusoidalshape with 220 V amplitude 120· phase different.

h~,.J_,j'-.!--' ~j

figure 7 Distortion Current Load a b c phase

figure 8. format po

figure 9. format qo

figure 10. Format Curent (If compensation ab cphase

..•.·1 ;....'... 1,

~'./ v "

figure 11. Current Refferences a b c phase

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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 62 20 I0

Figure 12. Format Current Source a b c phase

5. CONCLUSION

This paper presented simulation results obtained witha three phase shunt active power filter with a controlsystem based on the p-q theory, and operating withPeriodic Sampling switching technique, which is avery simple technique. The shunt active filter controlsystem is based on a simple concept that enables theuse of the traditional p-q Theory, originally developedto three-phase power systems. Three different types ofloads were used to test the single phase active filter: alinear RL load, a rectifier with RL load, and a rectifierwith RC load. The simulation results proved that theshunt active filter was capable of compensatingharmonics currents and correcting power factor forthe different types of loads used in the sirnulations.However it was observed that the performance of theactive filter was not totally satisfactory for the case ofLoad C (full bridge rectifier with a parallel RC load).since the compensated source current presented stillsome distortion. The current source and the loadsource will be smoothing sinusoidal after injected hyshunt active filter which proposed.

REFFERENCES

[I J Joao L Afonso, H.J.Ribeiro da SilvaJulio.S.Mal1ins, Active Filters for Power QualityImprovement. IEEE Porta PowerTech. 10-13Sel.200 I, Porto. Portugal. ISBN:O 7803 71399

[2J H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa. A. Nabae, "GeneralizedTheory of the Instantaneous Reactive Power inThree-Phase Circuits", IPEC'83 - lnt. PowerElectronics Conf., Tokyo. Japan, 1983, pp. 1375-1386.

[3J E.H. Watanabe, R.M. Stephan and M. Aredes,"New Concepts of Instantaneous Active and

v

Reactive Powers in Electrical Systems withGeneric Loads," IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery.vol. 8, no. 2, pp.697-703. April 1993.

[4J M. Aredes, E.H. Watanabe, "New ControlAlgorithms for Series and Shunt Three-PhaseFour-Wire Active Power Filters," IEEE Trans. onPower Delivery. vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1649-1656,July 1995.

[5J Ricardo Pregitzer. J. C. Costa. Julio S. Martins,and Joao L Afonso, "Simulation andImplementation Results of a 3 Phase 4 Wire ShuntActive Power Filter", Proceedings (CD-ROM)ICHQP'2006 International Conference onHarmonics and Quality of Power, 1-5 OCI. 2006.Cascais, Portugal.

[6J Haque, M.T.; lse, T.: "Implementation ofsinglephase pq theory," Proceedings of the PowerConversion Conference, 2002. PCC Osaka 2002,Volume 2, 2-5 April 2002, pp. 761-765.

[7J Nabae, A.; Tanaka, T.; "A new approach 10

individual-phase reactive power compensator fornonsinusoidal and unbalanced three-phasesystemsproposal for a quasi-instantaneous reactivepower compensator," 8th International ConferenceonHarmonics and Quality of Power, 1998.Proceedings, Volume I, 14-16 OCI. 1998, pp. 532-536.

[8J Wiilems, J.L.; "A new interpretation of the Akagi-Nabae power components for nonsinusoidalthreephase situations," IEEE Transactions onInstrumentation and Measurement, Volume 41.Issue 4, August 1992, pp. 523-527.

[8J S. Buso; L. Malesani; P. Manavelli; Comparisonof Current Control Techniques for Active FillerApplications; IEEE Transactions on IndustrialElectronics, vol. 45, Issue 5, October 1998; pp.722-729.

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