Abil a 11 Mw Dpr-1

10 MW Biomass Based Power Plant ABEIL

G1. INTRODUCTION

Amrit Bio Energy and Industries Ltd (henceforth abbreviated as ABEIL) has been incorporated

as a Public Limited Company on 29th January,2004 . This company was promoted by Shri.

K.C.Dujari, Chairman & Managing Director and Smt. Sudha Dujari, Director. ABEIL is planning

to set up an 11 MW independent biomass based power plant at Jagi Road in Mayong Circle of

Marigaon district in Assam. This will be the first Independent Biomass Based Power Plant at

Assam.

1.1 BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION

Biomass is known to be an important energy source for developing countries like India. Its

importance is now being reaffirmed even by developed countries in view of its renewable and

environment friendly character. In our country also, optimum utilization of biomass resources

could not only lead to savings in conventional energy but also result in many indirect benefits.

In view of this, the Ministry of Non Conventional Energy Sources has been promoting

electricity generation from biomass as a means of full exploitation of its inherent energy value.

Among the technologies being promoted for this purpose is the megawatt scale power

generation through combustion using boiler and turbine and gasification, using Gasifier and

producer gas engines. Combustion route is used for independent biomass power plants and

also in cogeneration mode. These projects are covered under the Biomass

Power/Cogeneration Programme of Ministry of Non Conventional energy Sources, Govt. of

India. The Ministry initiated the programme for promotion of these routes of biomass utilization

almost a decade back and significant achievements have been made in this period towards

their commercialization and establishment as a viable and environment friendly electricity

generation option.

1.2 POTENTIAL

The annual generation of biomass materials covering residues from agriculture, forestry, and

plantation operations, is estimated at more than 550 million tons. Biomass is classified into

three categories. Crop residues like Cotton stalks, mustard stalks, etc, agro industry residues

like rice husk, bagasse, etc and from waste lands and forest. Biomass is also categorized into

two functional categories like, suitable for fodder and suitable for power generation. Biomass

suitable for fodder is not considered for power generation, eventhough the biomass is surplus.

It has been estimated that about 70-80% of these wastes are used as fodder, as fuel for


domestic cooking and for other economic purposes leaving behind 120-150 millions tons of

usable agro residues per year which could be made available for power generation. By using

these surplus agro residues and the wastes from forestry and plantations, it has been

estimated that more than 16,000 MW of grid quality power can be generated. In addition,

around 3,500 MW of power can be produced, if the sugar mills in the country switch over to

modern techniques of optimum co-generation. The States having the maximum potential for

bagasse based cogeneration include Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and

Andhra Pradesh, while the States having greater potential for biomass based power

generation include Andhra Pradesh. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Punjab etc.

1.3 ACHIEVEMENTS

To tap this large potential, the Ministry has been implementing biomass power & bagasse co-

generation programme for the last 10 years. Over these years, 120 projects aggregating to

805 MW have been installed in the country for feeding power to the grid. In addition, it is

estimated that another 91 projects aggregating to 822.43 MW of electricity are under various

stages of implementation. The installed capacity includes 60 projects of bagasse based

cogeneration aggregating to 437 MW and the capacity under implementation includes 42

projects aggregating to 435.43 MW of bagasse cogenerated electricity. 60 Biomass based

power plants are already in operation with installed capacity of 342.5 MW and 49 projects are

under various stages of completion. With the commissioning of pipeline projects, Biomass

Based Power plants will contribute 730 MW, and bagasse based cogeneration projects – 898

MW. This capacity is in addition to the Biomass Gasifier systems, aggregating more than 62

MW. The States which have taken a leadership position in implementation of cogeneration

projects include Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh, while for

biomass power projects, the leading States are Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

Government of India, had announced the power policy, where captive power plants are not

needing any approval. With this policy, number of industries are opting for captive biomass

based power plants.

1.4 MNES POLICY

Ministry of Non Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) Govt. of India is promoting the power

generation from renewable energy sources in general and the Power Group of Ministry is


specially promoting the Biomass Based Power Plants and Cogeneration power plants. MNES

is giving fiscal and financial benefits to the project developers.

Ministry had announced the fiscal incentives common for all renewable energy projects and

announced category wise financial incentives. These financial incentives are also

modified/revised from time to time.

Fiscal Incentives are:

1. Accelerated depreciation –100% in first year of investment

2. Income tax exemption for 10 Years

3. Sales Tax exemption for plant and machinery

a. Some states had given sales tax exemption for the equipment used in the

renewable energy project. Some states had given additional price per unit is

given from the sales tax revenue to the extent of project cost. And some

states have allowed to off set the Sales tax payment with other products of

industry

4. Excise duty or custom duty exemption

a. Excise duty and custom duty is exempted on the plant and machinery of the

project.

Ministry has also extended the Capital subsidy for Biomass Based Power plants and Bagasse

based cogeneration power plants.

At present, Government of India had announced that rapid depreciation will be upto 80% of

the project cost estimates in the first year, instead of 100% as announced earlier.

Even though notification was generally exempting the excise duty for renewable energy

projects, excise department had not given this concession to biomass based power plants and

bagasse based cogeneration systems, as the boiler and turbine can be used for conventional

systems also. Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India had issued notification no: 33/2005 dated

8.9.2005, clearly indicating that, plant and machinery needed to set up the biomass based

power plants are exempted for excise and custom duty. Copy of the notification is given below:

TO BE PUBLISHED IN PART II, SECTION 3, SUB-SECTION (i) OF THE

GAZETTE OF INDIA, EXTRAORDINARY, DATED THE 8TH SEPTEMBER,

2005

17 BHADRAPADA, 1927 (SAKA)


GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTRY OF FINANCE

(DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE)

***

New Delhi, dated the 8th September, 2005

17 Bhadrapada , 1927 (Saka)

NOTIFICATION

No. 33/ 2005-Central Excise

G.S.R. (E).- In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) of

section 5A of the Central Excise Act, 1944 (1 of 1944), the Central Government

being satisfied that it is necessary in the public interest so to do, hereby exempts all

items of machinery, including prime movers, instruments, apparatus and appliances,

control gear and transmission equipment and auxiliary equipment (including those

required for testing and quality control) and components, required for initial setting

up of a project for the generation of power using non-conventional materials,

namely, agricultural, forestry, agro-industrial, industrial, municipal and urban waste,

bio waste or poultry litter, falling under any Chapter of the First Schedule to the

Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985(5 of 1986), from the whole of the duty of excise

leviable thereon which is specified in the said First Schedule, subject to the

following conditions,-

(i) before the clearance of the goods from the factory, the manufacturer produces

to the Deputy Commissioner of Central Excise or the Assistant Commissioner

of Central Excise, as the case may be, a certificate, from an officer not below

the rank of a Deputy Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of

Non-Conventional Energy Sources recommending the grant of this exemption

and the said officer certifies that the goods are required for initial setting up

of a project for the generation of power using non-conventional materials,

namely, agricultural, forestry, agro-industrial, industrial, municipal and urban

waste, bio waste or poultry litter; and

(ii) the manufacturer proves to the satisfaction of the Deputy Commissioner of

Central Excise or the Assistant Commissioner of Central Excise, as the case

may be, that there is a valid power purchase agreement between the importer

and the purchaser, for the sale and purchase of electricity generated using

non-conventional materials, for a period of not less than ten years from the

date of commissioning of the project.

[F.No. 460 / 44 /2005-Cus.V]

(Ajay)

Under Secretary to the Government of India

The indications are that, MNES is planning to give capital subsidy instead of interest subsidy.

This amount is paid to the financial institution through IREDA after commissioning of the

power project.


1.5 STATUS OF BIOMASS BASED POWER PLANTS

Biomass Based power plants are in operation since 1992 in India, whereas these plants are in

operation in the world since mid eighties. In California, biomass based power plants of 50 MW

capacity are also in operation.

Status of Projects Commissioned and under Implementation as on 30.9.2005

PROJECTS BIOMASS POWER CO-GENERATION TOTAL

MW Nos. MW Nos. MW Nos

Commissioned 342.5 60 462.53 60 805.03 120

Under Implementation 387.04 49 435.43 42 822.43 91

Total 729.54 109 897.96 102 1627.46 211

State-Wise status of Commissioned & Under Implementation Biomass Power / Co-

Generation Projects as on 28/2/2005

S.N. State Commissioned Under Implementation

No. of Projects Capacity (in MW)

No. of Projects Capacity

(in MW)

1 Andhra Pradesh 48 257.25 19 135.96

2 Chhattisgarh 2 11 5 51

3 Gujarat 1 0.50 0 0

4 Haryana 2 6 0 0

5 Karnataka 15 151.98 20 155.66

6 Madhya Pradesh 1 1.00 0 0

7 Maharashtra 9 36.00 8 75.80

8 Punjab 3 22 1 6

9 Rajasthan 1 7.8 4 29.10

10 Tamil Nadu 19 173 9 77.00

11 Uttar Pradesh 10 73.00 8 64.30

Total 111 739.53 74 594.82

1.5.1 Status of Assam

Assam Energy Development Agency is the nodal agency to give the approvals for setting up

Biomass Based Power Plants in the state of Assam. Government of Assam is not yet


announced the policy of power purchase from Renewable Energy Projects. This project will be

the first independent biomass based power project of Assam.

Assam State Electricity Regulatory Commission while issuing the tariff order for the financial

year 2005-06, had given special emphasis to promote renewable energy projects in the state.

Relevant portion of the order is reproduced below:

11.28 Under section 86 (e) of the Act, the Commission to:

“(e) promote co-generation and generation of electricity from renewable sources of energy by

providing suitable measures for connectivity with the grid and sale of electricity to any person,

and also specify, for purchase of electricity from such sources, a percentage of the total

consumption of electricity in the area of a distribution licence;”

11.29 The Commission has considered this requirement and decided that it is too early to

prescribe any purchase requirements on the Discom who have only been established late last

year.

11.30 The Commission is interested in encouraging renewable energy for stand alone power

systems or for remote villages not connected to the grid where a renewable energy source

may be a more cost effective option to improve the reliability of supply instead augmenting the

existing network.

11.31 ASEB had prepared a policy for small hydro power development up to 25 MW in the

State of Assam and sent the draft policy to Assam Electricity Regulatory Commission for

comment. AERC suggested a number of modifications in the policy.

11.32 To encourage generation of power from renewable sources, the Commission may

consider fixing appropriate tariff for such generation if such a generation system is connected

to grid. Wheeling charges for wheeling the generated energy will also be determined by the

Commission.

11.33 The Commission is also decided in this tariff order to create an incentive for consumers

to switch to solar hot water systems. In Assam, during winter months very high consumption of


electricity is observed during the morning hours resulting in peaking of demand in morning in

addition to normal peak hours. One of the reason for Assam Electricity Regulatory

Commission Tariff Order FY 2005-06 this peaking of demand in the morning during winter

matters is use of water heating appliances like geysers, immersion rods etc. These heating

appliances consume high amounts of electricity.

11.34 For proper grid management it is essential that consumers should be encouraged to opt

for alternative methods to meet their water heating requirements. Solar water heaters offer an

excellent alternative to electrical water heating system and can help in a big way in reducing

the demand during the morning hours. It also results in substantial reduction in the

consumers’energy bills. So use of solar heating is, thus, a win-win situation for consumers as

well as utilities.

11.35 In order to encourage consumers to switch over to solar water heating system, the

Commission proposes to introduce a monthly rebate of Rs.30 for all consumers who have

installed such solar water heating systems for meeting their hot water requirements and these

are actually used. To avail this rebate, the consumer will be required to give the licensee an

affidavit to the effect that such a system has been installed on his premises and is being used

to meet his water heating requirements. The declaration can be verified by the licensee’s

meter readers / representative, if required. In case, any such declaration is found to be false,

the licensee apart from taking appropriate legal action against such consumer would be

entitled to recover the entire rebate allowed to such consumers with 100% penalty.

As per the estimates of 2006-07 the power requirement of ASEB is more than the availability

during the months of April, June and September-February.The deficit of 221MU for the year of

2006-07(after considering an export of 140 MU during the surplus months) has to be made up

by purchasing power from traders at an estimated average cost of Rs.3.57 per unit.To this the

indirect benefits of renewable energy needs to be added before fixing the tariff for biomass

based power.

.

1.6 ROLE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

The leading financial institution extending the financial assistance is IREDA. Indian Renewable

Energy Development Agency (IREDA) the financial arm of Ministry also extends the financial

assistance for setting up these power plants. The other financial institutions like IDFC, IDBI,


ICICI, HUDCO and nationalized banks like State Bank of India, Andhra Bank etc are also

extending the financial assistance.

IREDA is having the fixed rate of interest, irrespective of the promoter, but it is having different

rate of interest depending upon the capacity of the power plant and the boiler pressure.

Whereas, the other financial institutions interest rate is depending upon the credit rating of

promoter, i.e. PLR rate of financial institution and some points.

As per IREDA’s guidelines, the promoter has to bring minimum of 30% of project cost as their

equity. The interest rate for the biomass power projects is 10.5%. Repayment of loan is for the

period of 10 years after commissioning. This period is inclusive 3 years of moratorium followed

by loan repayment.

Special concession is given for North Eastern states

Concessions given to North Eastern States are given below:

Grid Connected Power Projects:

1. Rebate of 1.0% pa in interest rates

2. Exemption from Payment of

a. Registration Fees

b. Inspection Charges

c. Legal Charges (other than incurred for Recovery)

d. Expenditure Incurred on Nominee Directors

e. Front End Fee

3. Concession of 5% in Promoters contribution

4. Cost of DPR preparation for Grid Connected projects by BDAS

Security norms of IREDA are given below:

1. Equitable mortgage (Mortgage by deposit of title deeds) of all immovable properties; 2. Hypothecation of movable assets, both existing and future subject to prior charge of

Banks on specified current assets 3. Guarantees by promoters/promoter Directors and promoter companies 4. Deposit of post dated cheques in accordance with repayment schedule of principal loan

amount and interest.

HUDCO:

HUDCO also gives the term loan to the extent of 70% of the project cost. Conditions of

HUDCO are given below:


For Bagasse/Bio-Mass Based Co-generation Schemes:

♦ Availability of bagasse and other secondary fuel (minimum 125%) of requirement for the proposed capacity of co-generation scheme

♦ Scheme may have provision for use of alternate fossil fuel such as coal as per MNES norms.

♦ Design parameter should be for 65 Kg per Sq. cm. pressure / 485 degree C temperature or higher steam parameters.

♦ The minimum capacity of the sugar unit should be 2500 TCD.

♦ Minimum annual DSCR of 1.2 and Average DSCR of 1.5.

♦ The minimum IRR of the project should be at least 15% or 3% more than HUDCO’s Rate of Interest whichever is higher.

♦ Track record of two successful crushing seasons of sugarcane with no outstanding dues in cane procurement and other goods in case of bagasse based co-generation project.

♦ The agency should not have been in loss during the last three financial years.

♦ However, in case of newly formed borrowing agencies, the proposal can be considered on the financial strength of the project/parent company with additional risk mitigation measures, such as, reduced debt exposure or increased margin of security for loan. In such cases, the balance sheet of the parent company should be examined.

Mortgage/hypothecation of all project properties (land, building and plant & machinery and

equipment) for private agencies. The total security cover should be minimum 150% (likely to

be increased to 175%)of the loan amount which shall include 125% (likely to be increased to

150%)cover towards prime security and minimum 25% in the form of collateral security (for

private sector schemes only):

The 25% collateral security cover can be through any or combination of the items indicated

below:

a. Cash deposits (minimum of 15% of loan amount) b. First charge (pledge of equity shares of any other listed Company / hypothecation /

mortgage) on personal properties of promoters. c. First charge (pledge / hypothecation/ mortgage) on other unencumbered properties of

the company (other than project assets) or other un-encumbered properties of any other person / company.

d. Pari-passu charge (hypothecation of movable properties and/or mortgage of immovable properties not financed by HUDCO) with other lenders.

In addition to the above, agency shall furnish the following: -

� Personal guarantee of Promoters. � Corporate Guarantee (if promoter is a Company) � A letter of Undertaking from the Agency to credit into the TRA all the Govt. subsidies

(including MNES subsidies) This TRA account will be under the control of HUDCO. � Assignment of contractual rights, title, interest, benefit, claims under various project

documents, agreements and all licenses, permits, approvals and consents in respect of the project.


� Power of Attorney to sell the project assets. � Assignment of all insurance policies relating to the project up to the satisfaction of

HUDCO. � Pledging of 51% of equity shares (if available) to HUDCO. � Opening of Trust and Retention Account/Escrow Account as per HUDCO norms with

first charge on all receivables in HUDCO’s favour. � Corporate guarantee acceptable to HUDCO. � The valuation of the properties should be done by a valuer recognized by the Income

Tax Department / Nationalised Banks/ Government approved valuer for the purpose of mortgage of the properties.

Post dated cheques of the closely held Companies/Firms/Association of persons.

1.7 ASSAM GOVT POLICIES

Ministry of Non Conventional Energy Sources, Govt. of India, had given the guidelines on

power purchase by state electricity boards. Assam Government is yet to announce the policy

based on the guidelines of MNES. Based on the projected deficit of 221MU for 2006-07 for

which power is being purchased at an average rate of Rs.3.57 per unit,the cap ratef for the

sale of renewable power to the grid can be fixed at Rs.3.50 per unit for a quantum of 200MU

per annum.

1.8 ADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS BASED POWER PLANTS

Biomass based project situated in rural areas will contribute the following:

* Employment Generation

* Social Consideration

* Impact on National Power

1.8.1 Employment Generation

Biomass based power plant purely depends on the biomass collection. Biomass is obtained as

crop residue and agro industrial residue. As the biomass is having low bulk density and needs

a scientific approach for collection unemployed youths can form a NGO to collect the biomass

and sell the same to project. In nutshell biomass bank will be created. Biomass preparation

system followed by transportation will help the locals to be employed. Even power plant needs

the operating persons. This plant will keep the skilled manpower hence the local youth are

exposed to the skilled jobs. There is an indirect employment generation, as more industries

will come up in the area, due to less problems of power in that location. Hence there will be

requirement of additional manpower.


1.8.2 Social Considerations

The setting up of the proposed plant will have a very positive impact on the purchasing

capacity of individuals as they will be able to get money for the crop residue, which at present

is either, burnt or too much under utilized.

1.8.3 Impact on National Power

Today most of the states are having distribution losses of more than 20%. As the power is

available at local point, this power will be equivalent to 120% of the conventional power plant

generation. This will save the transmission losses and also assures the reliability in power

supply.

The power generation from biomass plays an important role in supplementing the power

requirement in rural areas. This power generation leads to decentralized power generation

and improves the general condition of rural masses. At present biomass is being used to

generate steam and power in agro industries like Sugar Plants and rice mills. The biomass is

also used as fodder, domestic fuel and left out is burnt in the open areas.

Biomass is produced as crop residue, agro industry residue and waste from barren and

uncultivable land and forests. Even though cattle also generate biomass as dung, the quantity

is consumed as domestic fuel in combination with wood.

Biomass consumption is taken for domestic fuel, cattle feed, manure, thatching etc. Biomass

is consumed in industry, to generate steam. Today the surplus biomass is burnt in the open

fields due to non-availability of attractive proposal.

Biomass Based Power Plants will get the benefit of CDM.

1.9 Climatic Change Problem and Response

1.9.1 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC

In June 1992, the “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” (UNFCCC)

was signed in Rio de Janeiro by over 150 nations. The climate convention is the base or

international co-operation within the climate change area. In the convention the climate

problem’s seriousness is stressed. There is a concern that human activities are enhancing the

natural greenhouse effect, which can have serious consequences on human settlements and

ecosystems. The convention’s overall objective is the stabilization of greenhouse gas

conncentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic


interference with the climate system.” The principle commitment applying to parties of the

convention is the adoption of policies and measures on the mitigation of climate change, by

limiting anthropogenic emissions Global Environmental Concerns greenhouse gases and

protecting and enhancing greenhouse gas sinks and reservoirs. The commitment includes the

preparation and communication of national inventories of greenhouse gases. The Climate

convention does not have any quantitative targets or timetables for individual nations.

However, the overall objective can be interpreted as stabilization of emissions of greenhouse

gases by year 2000 at 1990 levels. The deciding body of the climate convention is the

Conference of Parties (COP). At the COP meetings, obligations made by the parties are

examined and the objectives and implementation of the climate convention are further defined

and developed. The first COP was held in Berlin, Germany in 1995 and the latest (COP 10)

was held in December 2004,Buenos Aires, Argentina.

1.9.2 The Kyoto Protocol

There is a scientific consensus that human activities are causing global warming that could

result in significant impacts such as sea level rise, changes in weather patterns and adverse

health effects. As it became apparent that major nations such as the United States and Japan

would not meet the voluntary stabilization target by 2000, Parties to the Convention decided in

1995 to enter into negotiations on a protocol to establish legally binding limitations or

reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. It was decided by the Parties that this round of

negotiations would establish limitations only for the developed countries, including the former

Communist countries (called annex A countries). Negotiations on the Kyoto Protocol to the

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) were completed

December 11, 1997, committing the industrialized nations to specify, legally binding reductions

in emissions of six greenhouse gases. The 6 major greenhouse gases covered by the protocol

are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs),

per fluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hxafluoride (SF 6).

Emissions Reductions

The United States would be obligated under the Protocol to a cumulative reduction in its

greenhouse gas emissions of 7% below 1990 levels for three greenhouse gases (including

carbon dioxide), and below 1995 levels for the three man-made gases, averaged over the

commitment period 2008 to 2012.


The Protocol states that developed countries are committed, individually or jointly, to ensuring

that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of greenhouse gases

do not exceed amounts assigned to each country with a view to reducing their overall

emissions of such gases by at least 5% below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to

2012. The amounts for each country are listed as percentages of the base year, 1990 and

range from 92% (a reduction of 8%) for most European countries--to 110% (an increase of

10%) for Iceland.

Developing Country Responsibilities

Another problematic area is that the treaty is ambiguous regarding the extent to which

developing nations will participate in the effort to limit global emissions. The original 1992

climate treaty made it clears that, while the developed nations most responsible for the current

buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere should take the lead in combating climate

change; developing nations also have a role to play in protecting the global climate.

Developing countries, including India and China, do not have to commit to reductions in this

first time period because their per-capita emissions are much lower than those of developed

countries, and their economies are less able to absorb the initial costs of changing to cleaner

fuels. They have not contributed significantly to today’s levels of pollution that has been the

product of the developed world’s Industrial Revolution. The idea is that developing countries

will be brought more actively into the agreement as new energy technologies develops and as

they industrialize further.

Annex I and Annex II Parties

Annex I parties are countries which have commitments according to the Kyoto protocol. The

entire Annex I parties are listed in the Table 9.1 below. Further Annex I parties shown in bold

are also called Annex II parties. These Annex II parties have a special obligation to provide

“new and additional financial sources” to developing countries (non Annex I) to help them

tackle climate change, as well as to facilitate the transfer of climate friendly technologies to

both developing countries and to economies in transition. Commitments are presented as

percentage of base year emission levels to be achieved during between 2008 – 2012.

Actions required from developed and developing Nations

The Kyoto Protocol does call on all Parties (developed and developing) to take a number of

steps to formulate national and regional programs to improve "local emission factors,” activity

data, models, and national inventories of greenhouse gas emissions and sinks that remove

these gases from the atmosphere. All Parties are also committed to formulate, publish, and


update climate change mitigation and adaptation measures, and to cooperate in promotion

and transfer of environmentally sound technologies and in scientific and technical research on

the climate system.

Who is bound by the Kyoto Protocol?

The Kyoto Protocol has to be signed and ratified by 55 countries (including those responsible

for at least 55% of the developed world's 1990 carbon dioxide emissions) before it can enter

into force. Now that Russia has ratified, this been achieved and the Protocol will enter into

force on 16 February 2005.

1.9.3 India’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions

India has experienced a dramatic growth in fossil fuel CO2 emissions, and the data compiled

by various agencies shows an increase of nearly 5.9 % since 1950. At present India is rated

as the 6th largest contributor of CO2 emissions behind China, the 2nd largest contributor.

However, our per capita CO2 of 0.93 tons per annum is well below the world average of 3.87

tons per annum. Fossil fuel emissions in India continue to result largely from coal burning.

India is highly vulnerable to climate change as its economy is heavily reliant on climate

sensitive sectors like agriculture and forestry. The vast low-lying and densely populated

coastline is susceptible to rise in sea level. The energy sector is the largest contributor of

carbon dioxide emissions in India. The national inventory of greenhouse gases indicates that

55% of the total national emissions come from energy sector. These include emissions from

road transport; burning of traditional bio-mass fuels, coal mining, and fugitive emissions from

oil and natural gas. Agriculture sector constitutes the next major contributor, accounting for

nearly 34%. The emissions under this sector include those from enteric fermentation in

domestic animals, manure management, rice cultivation, and burning of agriculture residues.

Emissions from Industrial sector mainly came from cement production.

Indian Response to Climatic Change

Under the UNFCCC, developing countries such as India do not have binding GHG mitigation

commitments in recognition of their small contribution to the greenhouse problem as well as

low financial and technical capacities. The Ministry of Environment and Forests is the nodal

agency for climate change issues in India. It has constituted Working Groups on the UNFCCC

and Kyoto Protocol. Work is currently in progress on India's initial National Communication

(NATCOM) to the UNFCCC. India ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002.


1.9.4 The Conference of the Parties (COP)

The Conference of the Parties is the supreme body of the Climate Change Convention. The

vast majority of the world’s countries are members (185 as of July 2001). The Convention

enters into force for a country 90 days after that country ratifies it. The COP held its first

session in 1995 and will continue to meet annually unless decided otherwise. However,

various subsidiary bodies that advise and support the COP meet more frequently. The

Convention states that the COP must periodically examine the obligations of the Parties and

the institutional arrangements under the Convention. It should do this in light of the

Convention’s objective, the experience gained in its implementation, and the current state of

scientific knowledge.

Exchange of Information

The COP assesses information about policies and emissions that the Parties share with each

other through their national communications. It also promotes and guides the development

and periodic refinement of comparable methodologies, which are needed for quantifying net

greenhouse gas emissions and evaluating the effectiveness of measures to limit them. Based

on the information available, the COP assesses the Parties efforts to meet their treaty

commitments and adopts and publishes regular reports on the Convention’s implementation.

Support for Developing countries

Developing countries need support so that they can submit their national communications,

adapt to the adverse effects of climate change, and obtain environmentally sound

technologies. The COP therefore oversees the provision of new and additional resources by

developed countries. The third session of the Conference of the Parties adopted the Kyoto

Protocol.

1.9.5 The Flexible Mechanisms

The Kyoto protocol gives the Annex I countries the option to fulfill a part of their commitments

through three “flexible mechanisms”. Through these mechanisms, a country can fulfill a part of

their emissions reductions in another country or buy emission allowances from another

country. There are three flexible mechanisms:


i. Emissions trading

ii. Joint implementation

iii. Clean development mechanism

i) Emissions trading

Article 17 of the Kyoto protocol opens up for emissions trading between countries that have

made commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The countries have the option to

delegate this right of emissions trading to companies or other organisations.In a system for

emissions trading, the total amount of emissions permitted is pre-defined. The corresponding

emissions allowances are then issued to the emitting installations through auction or issued

freely. Through trading, installations with low costs for reductions are stimulated to make

reductions and sell their surplus of emissions allowances to organizations where reductions

are more expensive. Both the selling and buying company wins on this flexibility that trade

offers with positive effects on economy, resource efficiency and climate. The environmental

advantage is that one knows, in advance, the amount of greenhouse gases that will be

emitted. The economical advantage is that the reductions are done where the reduction costs

are the lowest. The system allows for a cost effective way to reach a predefined target and

stimulates environmental technology development.

i) Joint Implementation, JI

Under article 6 of the Kyoto protocol an Annex I country that has made a commitment for

reducing greenhouse gases, can offer to, or obtain from another Annex I country greenhouse

gas emissions reductions. These emissions reductions shall come from projects with the

objectives to reduce anthropogenic emissions from sources or increase the anthropogenic

uptake in sinks. In order to be accepted as JI-projects, the projects have to be accepted by

both parties in advance. It also has to be proven that the projects will lead to emissions

reductions that are higher than what otherwise would have been obtained. JI-projects are an

instrument for one industrial country to invest in another industrial country and in return obtain

emissions reductions. These reductions can be used to help fulfill their own reduction

commitments at a lower cost than if they had to do the reductions in their own country.


Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Article 12 of the Kyoto protocol defines the Clean Development Mechanism, CDM. The

purpose of CDM is to:

a) Contribute to sustainable development in developing countries;

b) Help Annex I-countries under the Kyoto Protocol to meet their target.

With the help of CDM, countries which have set themselves an emission reduction target

under the Kyoto Protocol (Annex I countries) can contribute to the financing of projects in

developing countries (non-Annex I countries), which do not have a reduction target. These

projects should reduce the emission of greenhouse gases while contributing to the sustainable

development of the host country involved. The achieved emission reductions can be

purchased by the Annex I country in order to meet its reduction target.

In order to be accepted as CDM-projects, the projects have to be accepted by both parties in

advance. It also has to be proven that the projects will lead to emissions reductions that are

higher than what otherwise would have been obtained. The difference between JI-projects and

CDM-projects is that JI-projects are done between countries that both have commitments,

while the CDM-projects is between one country that has commitments and another country

that does not have commitments. Emissions reductions that have been done through CDM-

projects during the period 2000 to 2007 can be used for fulfilling commitments in Annex I

countries for the period 2008-2012.

How CDM works?

An investor from a developed country, can invest in, or provide finance for a project in a

developing country that reduces greenhouse gas emissions so that they are lower than they

would have been without the extra investment – i.e. compared to what would have happened

without the CDM under a business as usual outcome. The investor then gets credits – carbon

credits - for the reductions and can use those credits to meet their Kyoto target. If the CDM

works perfectly it will not result in more or less emission reductions being achieved than were

agreed under the Kyoto Protocol, it will simply change the location in which some of the

reductions will happen. For example, a French company needs to reduce its emissions as part

of its contribution to meeting France’s emission reduction target under the Kyoto Protocol.

Instead of reducing emissions from its own activities in France, the company provides funding

for the construction of a new biomass plant in India that would not have been able to go ahead

without this investment. This, they argue, prevents the construction of new fossil-fueled plants


in India, or displaces consumption of electricity from existing ones, leading to Global

Environmental Concerns reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in India. The French investor

gets credit for those reductions and can use them to help meet their reduction target in

France.

1.9.6 Requirements for Participating in CDM

Project Cycle for CDM

Global Environmental Concerns While investors profit from CDM projects by obtaining

reductions at costs lower than in their own countries, the gains to the developing country host

parties are in the form of finance, technology, and sustainable development benefits. Projects

starting in the year 2000 are eligible to earn Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) if they lead

to "real, measurable, and long-term" GHG reductions, which are additional to any that would

occur in the absence of the CDM project. This includes afforestation and reforestation

projects, which lead to the sequestration of carbon dioxide. At COP-7, it was decided that the

following types of projects would qualify for fast-track approval procedures:

- Renewable energy projects with output capacity up to 15 MW

- Energy efficiency improvement projects, which reduce energy consumption on the supply

and/or demand side by up to 15 GWh annually

- Other project activities that both reduce emissions by sources and directly emit less than 15

kilotons CO2 equivalent annually.

The CDM will be supervised by an executive board, and a share of the proceeds from project

activities will be used to assist developing countries in meeting the costs of adaptation to

climate change.

Indian Initiatives on CDM

Government of India has been willing to fulfill its responsibility under the CDM. It has

developed an interim criterion for approval of CDM project activities, which is now available to

stakeholders. It has undertaken various capacity building activities like holding of workshops,

initiation of various studies, and briefing meeting with the stakeholders. India has been actively

participating in the CDM regime and has already approved projects for further development.

Under CDM, projects such as energy efficient hydrocarbon refrigerators, modernization of


small scale foundry units and renovation, modernization of thermal power stations etc. are

being taken up.

1.9.7 Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF)

Recognizing that global warming will have the most impact on its borrowing client countries,

the World Bank approved the establishment of the Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF). The PCF is

intended to invest in projects that will produce high quality greenhouse gas emission

educations that could be registered with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change UNFCCC) for the purposes of the Kyoto Protocol. To increase the likelihood that the

ductions will be recognized by the Parties to the UNFCCC, independent experts will follow

validation, verification and certification procedures that respond to UNFCCC rules as they

develop. The PCF will pilot production of emission reductions within the framework of Joint

Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The PCF will invest

contributions made by companies and governments in projects designed to produce emission

reductions fully consistent with the Kyoto Protocol and the emerging framework for JI and the

CDM. Contributors, or "Participants" in the PCF, will receive a pro rata share of the emission

reductions, verified and certified in accordance with agreements reached with the respective

countries "hosting" the projects.

1.9.8 Size of Market for Emissions Reductions

• All estimates of market volume are speculative at this early stage in the market’s

development.

• One way of looking at the potential size of the market is to assume that about one billion

tonnes of carbon emissions must be reduced per year during the commitment period of 2008-

2012 in order for the industrialized countries to meet their obligations of a 5% reduction in their

1990 levels of emissions.

Under Prototype carbon fund programme of the World Bank. Government of India has

approved a municipal solid waste energy project for implementation in Chennai, which

proposes to use the state of art technology for extracting energy from any solid waste

irrespective of the energy content. Many industrial organizations in the private sector have

also sought assistance under this fund.


SIGNIFICANCE OF CDM

• Achieve sustainable development

• Reduce impact on environment

• Additional stream of income through sale of emission reductions

• Contributes for rural development

• Reduce pollution levels

• Technology improvement

• Improves economics of project

• Helps developed countries to achieve their emission reduction commitments


2. DEMAND ANALYSIS AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT

2.0 INTRODUCTION

It is a well-known fact that electricity is the most essential input for growth and development of

any state. Assam is planning to grow rapidly in both the industrial and agricultural sectors and

consequently the demand for power is on the rise. However, the growth in installed power

generating capacity has not kept pace with the projected demand.

2.1 POWER SECTOR REFORMS IN ASSAM

Govt. of Assam decided to reforms its Power Sector with the objective of creating conditions

for sustainable development of the Power Sector and improving efficiency and quality of

service to the consumers by allowing private participation in the State Power Sector.

The Govt. of Assam established Assam Electricity Regulatory Commission (AERC). to

regulate the functioning of the Power Sector on sound commercial principles, to safeguard the

interests of the Consumers in respect of quality, reliability and fair price for electricity and to

set cost and efficiency based tariff to ensure credit worthiness and viability of the Power

Sector so as to progressively eliminate tariff distortions and subsidies. The Commission is fully

functional and regulating the State Power Sector utilities.

Assam state with Dispur as its capital has an area of 78,438 sq. Km and a population of

22.4 million. Administratively it is divided into 23 districts comprising of 87 towns and 28,590

villages (as per 1991 census).

The state is predominantly agrarian with 89 percent of the population being rural. About

63% of its population is engaged in agriculture and allied activities, of which tea plantation

is the most important. Assam is endowed with rich mineral resources. It has reserves of

coal, limestone, petroleum and natural gas.

2.2 Growth of Power Sector

Significant growth in Power Sector in the State with the establishment of the State

Electricity Board took place. Apart from building up installed capacity of 554 MW as on 31st

March 1997 as against 132 MW in 1975, electricity is extended to 19,019 out of 24,685

villages (habitated) covering 77% of villages in the State as on 31st March 1997 as against


190 in 1975. ASEB is serving 9,11,514 consumers as on 30th June, 2001 - up from

7,12,714 consumers as on 31st March 1997 and 1,08,613 in 1975. The per capita

consumption in the State over the last two decades is summarized briefly in the table

below:

Particulars 1975 1996-97

Installed Capacity (MW) 132 554

Energy Available (MU) 556 2,609

Length of HT Lines (ckt km) 5,456 42,615

Length of LT Lines* (ckt km) 8,763 41,872

Substations (33kv & above) (MVA) 678 2,518

Distribution Transformers (MVA) 391 1,657

Towns & Villages electrified (Nos.) 190 21,887

Number of consumers served 1,08,613 7,12,714

Per capita consumption (kWh/person) 31 104

Particulars 1975 1996-97

Installed Capacity (MW) 132 554

Energy Available (MU) 556 2,609

Length of HT Lines (ckt km) 5,456 42,615

2.4 Energy Resources

Assam has rich reserves of coal, petroleum and natural gas. The North-eastern region is

endowed with about 37% of all India hydroelectric resources. The estimated hydroelectric

potential of the region is about 31,857 MW at 60% load factor, out of which 315 MW have

already been exploited and 305 MW are under development. Assam being an integral part

of the North-Eastern region, it would be the beneficiary of development of hydro potential in

the region.

2.4.1 Industry Structure

Assam State Electricity Board (ASEB) constituted under the Electricity Act 1948 is

responsible for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in the State. An

Electricity Board was constituted in 1958 in the composite state of Assam. The existing

Board covers only part of the old State which was trifurcated into Assam, Meghalaya and

Mizoram in 1972.


North Eastern Electric Power Corporation (NEEPCO), a Government of India Corporation,

was established in 1976 for establishing and operating hydro and thermal power plants with

transmission network in the North-eastern region supplementing the efforts of the States in

power development in the region.

Power Grid Corporation of India (PGCIL), a Government of India Corporation, was

established in 1989 for planning, construction and operation of central transmission system

in the country had taken over the transmission network of NEEPCO in the region. PGCIL

has been made responsible for major works in the future in transmission sector.

Independent Power Producers (IPP) such as DLF has also started operating since 1997 in

the southern part of the State with a total installed capacity of 24.5 MW.

LIST OF CAPTIVE POWER PLANTS IN ASSAM.

S.No. Company Industry Fuel Capacity Location

1. Hindustan Paper Corp., Jagiroad

Paper Coal 2x15 MW Jagiroad, Dist- Nagaon

2. Hindustan Paper Corp., Panchgram

Paper Coal 2x15 MW Panchgram, Dist-Cachar

3. Bongaigaon Refinery & Petro Chemicals Ltd.

Oil Oil/Gas 3x16 MW Dhaligaon, Dist-Bongaigaon

4. Oil India Ltd. Duliajan

Oil Gas 2x15 MW

2x3 MW

Duliajan, Dist- Tinsukia

Moran, Dist-Sibsagar.

5. Hindustan Fertilizer Corp. Namrup

Fertilizer Gas 1x20 MW

1x7 MW

2x1 MW

Namrup, Dist-Dibrugarh

6. Indian Oil Corp. Ltd. Guwahati Refinery

Oil Oil(RCO) 2x8 MW Noonmati Guwahati.

7. Indian Oil Corp. Ltd. Digboi Refinery

Oil Gas/Oil 3x8.5 MW Digboi, Dist-Tinsukia

8. ONGC Ltd. Rudrasagar

Oil & Natural Gas

Gas 2x3 MW Rudrasagar, Dist-Sibsagar

9. ONGC Ltd. Geleky Oil & Natural Gas

Gas 3x3 MW Geleky, Dist-Sibsagar.


10. ONGC Ltd. Lakwa Oil & Natural Gas

Gas 3x3 MW Lakwa, Dist- Sibsagar

11. Assam Industrial Dev. Corp. Sack craft Project

Paper Coal 1x5 MW (closed)

Dhing, Dist, Nagaon

12. M/s. Prag Bosimi Synthetics Ltd. Sipajhar

Polyester Fibre

Diesel 2x1.6 MW

4x2.7 MW

Sipajhar, Dist-Darrang

13. Ashok Paper Mills, Jogighopa,

Paper Diesel 1x8.3 MW

not under operation

Jogighopa, Dist-Bongaigaon

14. CCI, Bokajan Cement Diesel 1x4 MW Bokajan, Dist-Karbi Anglong

15. Numaligarh Refinery Ltd. Golaghat

Oil Gas

Diesel

2x34 MW

1x1.17 MVA

Numaligarh, Dist-Jorhat.

16. Gas Authority of India Ltd. Lakwa

Gas Gas

Diesel

2x3.125 MW

2x0.2 MW

Lakwa, Dist-Sibsagar

17. IOC (AOD) Digboi Oil Gas 1x20 MW Digboi

2.5 The Current Power Scenario in Assam

2.5.1 Installed Capacity

The installed capacity in the State as on 31st March 2002 is 574.4 MW. In addition to its own

installed capacity, the State has a share of 288 MW from Central Sector Generating Stations

owned by NEEPCO and NHPC. Besides this, the State has also 24.5 MW of private power (IPP)

generation. The total capacity thus available for the State is 886.9 MW. The details of installed

capacity are given below:

Type of Generation Capacity in MW

Hydro 2.0

Coal 240.0

Oil 60.0

Gas 274.4

State's Installed Capacity: 574.4

Private Sector 24.5

Import from Other Sectors 288.0

Total Availability: 886.9


In addition, the State has captive generating capacity of 451 MW of which 207 MW with

refineries, Oil India, ONGCL and paper mills etc. and 244 MW with tea gardens and other

industries.

The station wise details of ASEB's installed capacity are given below:

Sl No. Station Capacity (MW)

1 Bongaigaon Thermal (coal fired) 240.0

2 Chandrapur Thermal (oil fired) 60.0

3 Lakwa Thermal (gas fired) 120.0

4 Namrup Thermal (gas fired) 133.5

5 Mobile (gas fired) 18.9

6 Hydro 2.0

2.5.2 Generation, Purchase and Sales

ASEB has generated 868.54 MU (excluding auxiliary consumption) during 2000-2001 and

purchased 2292.77 MU from Central Sector, Meghalaya, IPP and Eastern region. This includes

135.33 MU free power from NEEPCO hydro generation. The total energy thus available for sale

was 3161.31 MU.

2.5.3 Power supply position in the State

The peak demand and energy requirement met during 2000-2001 is 580.0 MW and 8.0 MU (per

day) respectively. But at this level of supply both peak and energy was short of the real demand.

The unrestricted peak demand and energy requirement are assessed at 600 MW and 9.0 MU

(per day) respectively. The unrestricted peak demand and energy requirement have to be studied

further.

2.5.4 Consumer Profile and Energy Sales.

ASEB serves 9.11 Lakh consumers as on 2001-2002 with toal connected load of 1,650 MW. The

rural domestic and commercial consumers numbering 1.5 Lakh (16.5% of total number of

consumers) are not metered. However, all the services released from 1992 are metered. The

State has about 2009 irrigation pumpsets. The Irrigation Deptt. operates most of these pumpsets

and the consumption is metered.


GENERATION

Assam State Electricty Board has four major Thermal Generating Stations.

Installed Capacity

STATION BTPS CTPS LTPS NTPS MOBILE HYDRO

CAPACITY 240.0 60.0 120.0 133.5 18.9 2.0

Unit-wise details are:

• BTPS: 4 x 60 MW Coal fired Steam Turbine.

• CTPS: 2 x 30 MW Oil fired Steam Turbine.

• LTPS: 4 x 15 MW + 3 x 20 MW Gas Turbine.

• NTPS: 3 x 23 MW + 1 x 12.5 MW Gas Turbine + 1 x 30 MW Gas fired Steam Turbine + 1 x

22 MW Waste Heat Recovery Unit.

• Mobile: 3 x 2.7 + 4 x 2.7 MW

• Hydro: 2.0 MW

Total generating capacity: 574.4 MW Type of Installed Capacity

Type of Generation MW

Hydro 2.0

Coal 240.0

Oil 60.0

Gas 274.4

State's Installed Capacity: 574.4

2.6 Rural Electrification ASEB had started the Rural Electrification (RE) programme in 1966-67 with a Cell headed by an

Executive Engineer under Chief Engineer (Electrical). To cope up with tempo of RE works, the

Cell was upgraded at various stages, to the Circle, Zone & Wing level being headed by

Superintending Engineer, Additional Chief Engineer & Chief Engineer respectively. However,

during slack period the Wing was put under ACE on a few occasions. At present RE Wing is

headed by Chief Engineer and entrusted with preparation of schemes, monitoring progress of RE

works which are being carried out by respective O&M Divisions under Chief Engineer

(Distribution).


2.6.1 Status of Electrification:

ASEB has electrified 19,019 villages under various RE schemes, 5,666 nos of villages are yet to

be electrified (List of unelectrified villages). Most of the schemes were financed by REC Ltd. on

long term loan amounting to Rs. 329.84 Crore. A few schemes were also taken under State Plan.

District-wise status of electrified villages are given as below:

District-wise number of Electrified Census villages as per 1991 census

Sl No Name of District Total populated village

No of villages electrified up to 31.03.01

No of villages to be electrified

1 Goalpara 745 706 39

2 Dhubri 1,284 1,057 227

3 Kokrajhar 923 839 84

4 Bongaigaon 858 816 42

5 Darang 1,328 1,218 110

6 Sonitpur 1,691 1,426 265

7 Barpeta 1,046 948 98

8 Nalbari 803 800 3

9 Kamrup 1,300 1,234 66

10 Nagaon 1,379 1,249 126

11 Marigaon 569 432 137

12 Sibsagar 873 817 56

13 Golaghat 1,059 658 481

14 Jorhat 798 614 184

15 Lakhimpur 1,140 854 286

16 Dhemaji 1,110 342 768

17 Cachar 1,024 923 101

18 Hailakandi 327 290 37

19 Karimganj 893 535 358

20 Dibrugarh 1,306 1,136 170

21 Tinsukia 1,136 825 311

22 Karbi Anglong 2,520 1,039 1,481

23 N. C. Hills 577 261 316

-- Total 24,685 19,019 5,666


Government of India has also envisages the use of Non-Conventional sources of energy for

electrification of remote villages where Grid power cannot be extended economically. In the first

phase about 300 remote villages in Assam have been proposed to be electrified with Non-

Conventional sources of energy viz. Photo Voltaic Cell, Micro Hydro and BioMass.

2.7 Brief Note on Tariff Petitions for FY 06-07 Assam State Electricity Board (ASEB) and its five successor entities submitted petition for Annual

Revenue Requirements (ARR) for FY2006-2007 along with tariff revision proposals to meet the

additional revenue requirements before the Hon’ble Assam Electricity Regulatory Commission (AERC)

as per provisions of The Electricity act 2003.

As per the provisions of Assam Electricity Reform First Transfer Scheme 2004, notified by the State

Government as per the provision of The Electricity Act, the ASEB is now carrying out the function of

bulk purchaser and bulk supplier. Accordingly ASEB has filed petition before the Commission for Bulk

Supply Tariff applicable for distribution companies.

ASEB had projected an expenditure ofRs.717.27 crores in its ARR filings for 2006-07 for the purchase

of 3809.48 MU to meet the requirements of DISCOM sales of 2354.98 MU and trading sales of 140

MU.Against this, the Commission has approved a quantum o 4098.36MU to meet the requirement of

DISCOM sales of 2417.63 MU and trading sales.The DISCOM sales of 2417.63MU exclude the

distribution losses amounting to 910.38 MU which averages to 27.36%.

It has been estimated that in 2006-07 there will be a deficit of 221 MU even after the purchases of

ASEB(cited above) for which power has to be purchased from Traders at an average rate of Rs.3.57

per unit.A schedule of this deficit is given below in tabular form.


Schedule of Energy Deficit in ASEB during the year 2006-07

(All figures in million units)

April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

Availability

of supply

with ASEB

252 291 296 377 398 300 315 255 281 279 263 281 3588

ASEB

requirement

275 285 310 326 323 348 333 325 316 284 273 273 3670

Excess

Energy

available

for Export

6 51 75 8 140

Energy

Deficit for

which

import is

reqd.

23 13 47 18 70 36 5 10 221

2.8 NEED FOR THE PROJECT

The deficit in the installed capacity as well as in the energy availability as discussed in the

previous paragraphs is likely to increase in future unless corrective measures are planned

right now. This provides ample justification for the installation of 11 MW power plant at Jagi

Road in Mayong Circle of Marigaon district in Assam. After considering around one MW for

internal consumption(auxiliaries etc), a net quantum of 10 MW will be injected to the ASEB

grid. This power plant is environmental friendly and can be claimed for carbon credit.


3. BIOMASS POTENTIAL

3.0 INTRODUCTION

Amrit Bio Energy and Industries Limited has planned to set up a 11 MW independent biomass

based power plant with rice husk as fuel at Jagi Road in Mayong circle of Morigaon district in

Assam. This power plant is consisting of one traveling grate boiler of 50 TPH capacity

operating at 67 bar and 4850C, one extraction cum condensing turbine of 11 MW capacity.

Biomass assessment was carried out in full Kamrup and Morigaon district. For study, blocks

falling in Kamrup and Morigaon district are considered.

It is planned to have a Plant capacity utilization of 90% from the first year itself. This

Plant Load Factor will include the annual maintenance and any unscheduled stoppages due to

machine breakdown or non availability of fuel . The plant will thus be operating for 328.5 days.

Rice husk requirement for this plant on the basis of above will be 108405 MT.The internal

consumption of the plant (auxiliaries etc) is expected to be around 1 MW and the balance 10

MW of power will be sold to ASEB.

3.1 BLOCKS IN KAMRUP & MORIGAON DISTRICT

Kamrup District Morigaon District

Sualkuchi Mayong

Hajo Moriabari

Goroimari Laharighat

Chhaygaon Bhurbandha

Chandrapur Kapili

Dimoria

Chayani Barduar

Boko

Bongaon

Chamaria

Rani

Rampur

Bezera


Kamrup District Morigaon District

Kamalpur

Rangia

Goreswar

Bihdia Jajikona

3.1 DISTRICT PROFILE KAMRUP DISTRICT

Kamrup District is the Capital District of Assam. It is situated between 25.43° and 26.51° North

Latitude and between 90.36° and 92.12° East Longitude. The greater part of the district

consists of wide plains, through the lower portion of which the mighty river Brahmaputra

makes its way, flowing a steady course from east to west.

MORIGAON DISTRICT

Morigaon is basically an agrarian district. The District is situated in the Brahmaputra Valley

Zone of the Assam. It lies between 26.15° to 26.5° North latitude and 92° to 95.5° east

longitude. Morigaon district is the second smallest district of Assam

3.1.1 Soils

The main soils in the district are Alluvial soil. The soils in general are fertile in nature. The

District is richly endowed with natural and human resources and offer excellent scope for

development of agriculture and allied industries.

3.1.2 Climate and Rainfall

The average temperature is moderate, about 84 degrees F (29 degrees C) in the hottest

month of August. The average valley temperature in January is 61 degrees F (16 degrees C).

In this season, heavy fogs and a little rain mark the climate of the valley.

Assam does not have the normal Indian hot, dry season. Some rain occurs from March

onwards, but the real force of the monsoon winds is faced from June onward. Rainfall in

Assam ranks among the highest in the world; its annual rainfall varies from 70 inches in the

west to 120 inches per year in the east. Large concentrated during the months from June to


September; it often results in widespread destructive floods. Much of the state is covered with

dense tropical forests of bamboo and, at higher elevations, evergreens. Common animals of

Assam include the elephant, tiger, leopard, rhinoceros, and bear.

KAMRUP DISTRICT

This district generally experiences Sub tropical with semi -dry summer & cold in winter

extreme conditions. The maximum and minimum temperature in the district is around 38.5° C

and 7° C. The annual rainfall in the district ranges between 1500 mm to 2600 mm.

MORIGAON DISTRICT

The average annual rainfall is 1597.48 mm. The maximum temperature is felt during June-

July while the minimum during January.

3.1.3 Demographic Particulars

KAMRUP DISTRICT

As per 2001 census, there are 1342 inhabited villages in the district. This district has a total

population of 2522324 as of 2001 Census. The literacy percentage of the district is 74.16 %.

This district is having urban population of 908217 & rural population of 1614107 respectively.

The total Male population is 1326981 and female population is 1195343. This district is having

population density of 581 sq. kms, with sex ratio of 901 for 1000 males.

MORIGAON DISTRICT

As per 2001 census, there are 592 inhabited villages in the district. This district has a total

population of 776256 as of 2001 Census. The literacy percentage of the district is 58.53 %.

This district is having urban population of 37988 & rural population of 738268 respectively.

The total Male population is 398926 and female population is 377330. This district is having

population density of 456 sq. kms, with sex ratio of 946 for 1000 males.

3.1.4 Agriculture


3.1.4.1 Land Classification

The classification of geographical area under different categories of land utilised is stated in

the table below:

3.2 Land Classification (Area in Hectares)

Particulars Kamrup Morigaon TOTAL

Geographical Area 446402 158765 605167

Forest 116694 17626 134320

Land put to non- agricultural uses 77246 20198 97444

Barren and unculturable land 20296 5120 25416

Permanent Pastures & other grazing land 21236 8331 29567

Land under misc. tress groves 25409 4489 29898

Culturable waste land 4573 690 5263

Fallow & current fallow 12428 939 13367

Net sown area 92680 101372 194052

(Source: Statistical book of Assam)

It can be observed from the table above, a relatively large area (97444 ha) is not available for

agriculture, while area (134320 ha) is designated as forest in the district. Only about 84881ha

land is classified as barren and uncultivable land, permanent pastures and other misc. trees.

3.1.4.3 Cropping Pattern:

The main crops grown in the district are Wheat, Paddy, Jute, Mustard etc.

3.3 Cropping pattern (Area in Ha)

Season 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Kamrup District

Kharif 110047 105798 105339 105011 104119

Rabi 105071 102754 101706 102600 101323

Total 215118 208552 207045 207611 205442

Morigaon District

Kharif 35202 34585 34013 34530 33826

Rabi 66611 66083 65419 65623 65923

Total 101813 100668 99432 100153 99749

Grand Total 316931 309220 306477 307764 305191


3.4 Cropped Area Kharif & Rabi Seasons (Area in Ha)

Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

KAMRUP DISTRICT

Kharif

Sualkuchi

Paddy 4498 4424 4449 4432 4426

Maize 13 10 20 11 30

Arhar 13 13 16 14 16

Sugarcane 91 90 100 64 100

Jute 576 518 522 524 466

Castor 5 6 4 6 4

Ground Nut 7 6 4 4 6

Other Pulses 515 524 465 518 418

Hajo

Paddy 14264 13864 13850 13871 13876

Maize 30 26 18 28 24

Arhar 20 24 20 20 18

Sugarcane 42 43 28 44 28

Jute 700 614 612 612 614

Castor 4 0 0 0 0


Other Pulses 877 866 818 814 820

Goroimari

Paddy 2865 2880 2880 2887 2866

Maize 30 23 16 26 10

Arhar 80 84 88 88 66

Sugarcane 43 42 44 24 42

Jute 220 224 218 218 224

Castor 0 0 0 0 0


Other Pulses 38 44 66 43 64

Chhaygaon

Paddy 2850 2726 2706 2733 2720


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Maize 110 110 98 115 101

Arhar 10 10 4 6 0

Sugarcane 35 36 60 38 36

Jute 75 78 66 79 60

Castor 0 0 0 0 0


Other Pulses 165 174 132 124 144

Chandrapur

Paddy 1188 1165 1121 1170 1102

Maize 0 6 4 4 6

Arhar 0 4 6 6 4

Sugarcane 2 6 4 4 4

Jute 2 14 24 19 25

Castor 0 0 0 0 0



Dimoria

Paddy 4300 4303 4308 4308 4246

Maize 5 18 24 20 28

Arhar 50 50 53 48 52

Sugarcane 20 25 20 24 54

Jute 100 96 100 94 100

Castor 2 2 0 4 0

Ground Nut 27 14 10 14 0

Other Pulses 200 184 164 188 124

Chayani Barduar

Paddy 1732 1602 1542 1610 1542

Maize 9 24 24 25 28

Arhar 10 10 24 10 18

Sugarcane 92 94 68 84 72

Jute 679 681 694 618 624

Castor 0 0 0 0 0



Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Other Pulses 213 216 210 212 218

Boko

Paddy 4604 4536 4549 4557 4536

Maize 225 184 178 188 166

Arhar 55 56 84 52 52

Sugarcane 450 418 416 398 244

Jute 330 318 368 324 366

Castor 550 485 418 386 618

Ground Nut 170 136 0 144 0

Other Pulses 635 624 624 618 618

Bongaon

Paddy 2738 2676 2694 2692 2690

Maize 45 36 24 38 29

Arhar 35 24 20 18 18

Sugarcane 50 54 52 64 52

Jute 360 324 320 318 318

Castor 112 110 100 114 66

Ground Nut 0 0 128 0 100

Other Pulses 114 115 109 96 110

Chamaria

Paddy 15646 12846 12878 12856 12850

Maize 2 4 6 4 6

Arhar 578 518 521 524 518

Sugarcane 79 64 54 84 84

Jute 1753 1724 1718 1801 1724

Castor 2 2 4 4 0


Other Pulses 638 624 610 618 624

Rani

Paddy 4200 4276 4242 4282 4290

Maize 0 16 18 18 16

Arhar 240 216 276 6 281

Sugarcane 360 316 300 384 278


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Jute 500 561 518 484 529

Castor 140 121 118 111 168

Ground Nut 410 384 274 285 124

Other Pulses 200 196 124 184 110

Rampur

Paddy 2006 2086 2078 2087 2061

Maize 10 24 28 26 24

Arhar 10 24 18 20 6

Sugarcane 111 98 66 121 110

Jute 239 134 146 125 145

Castor 1 2 6 4 6


Other Pulses 226 218 210 224 188

Bezera

Paddy 3216 3161 3208 3106 3135

Maize 6 4 4 4 4

Arhar 12 14 14 16 10

Sugarcane 21 20 78 22 38

Jute 25 16 28 34 24

Castor 4 2 0 0 0

Ground Nut 50 48 50 42 41

Other Pulses 250 264 288 216 262

Kamalpur

Paddy 1330 1359 1284 1358 1327

Maize 2 2 4 0 0

Arhar 2 0 6 0 4

Sugarcane 9 0 20 12 18

Jute 5 5 6 0 6

Castor 0 0 0 0 0


Other Pulses 211 178 194 178 176

Rangia

Paddy 13540 13574 13549 13406 13336


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Maize 303 222 324 284 218

Arhar 14 0 10 12 19

Sugarcane 68 66 16 63 64

Jute 29 24 34 24 33

Castor 0 0 0 0 0


Other Pulses 338 324 324 316 324

Goreswar

Paddy 11265 11229 11333 11306 11238

Maize 24 18 16 18 6

Arhar 29 34 24 18 25

Sugarcane 161 144 121 138 24

Jute 547 524 484 366 318

Castor 0 0 0 0 0

Ground Nut 29 34 24 18 20

Other Pulses 103 112 111 98 112

Bihdia Jajikona

Paddy 2789 2858 2810 2870 2808

Maize 7 6 6 6 6

Arhar 18 6 6 4 16

Sugarcane 98 100 96 100 94

Jute 126 133 122 111 96

Castor 6 1 0 0 0

Ground Nut 25 24 18 6 0

Other Pulses 705 724 696 711 712

Kharif Total 110047 105798 105339 105011 104119

Rabi

Sualkuchi

Paddy 4206 4316 4424 4324 4428

Wheat 679 684 618 685 624

Gram 14 18 24 21 20

Seasumum 54 62 64 56 66

Linseed 48 44 48 68 66


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Mustard 503 524 516 505 418

Other Oilseeds 5 6 4 6 6

Vegetables 742 718 721 724 718

Hajo

Paddy 5526 5418 5424 5420 5426

Wheat 670 618 624 621 628

Gram 22 20 18 22 10

Seasumum 177 170 138 179 166

Linseed 81 88 66 78 88

Mustard 721 524 710 718 716


Vegetables 405 444 418 414 424

Goroimari

Paddy 4370 4416 4524 4420 4518

Wheat 355 324 316 327 316

Gram 15 16 16 18 10

Seasumum 30 34 30 40 28

Linseed 81 24 22 40 24

Mustard 127 120 118 124 124


Vegetables 290 224 216 228 216

Chhaygaon

Paddy 4197 4124 4135 4125 4128

Wheat 210 210 208 214 210

Gram 10 10 10 13 10

Seasumum 6 2 6 6 6

Linseed 55 56 28 56 52

Mustard 90 94 98 98 68


Vegetables 450 418 481 424 478

Chandrapur

Paddy 1100 1124 1126 1128 1196

Wheat 30 36 24 38 34


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Gram 0 6 4 6 2

Seasumum 0 0 0 0 6

Linseed 10 6 4 15 10

Mustard 30 32 18 24 24


Vegetables 200 200 184 202 180

Dimoria

Paddy 4667 4614 4630 4624 4587

Wheat 122 118 120 120 118

Gram 50 44 24 42 22

Seasumum 50 44 42 52 54

Linseed 5 5 0 6 6

Mustard 105 113 110 115 110


Vegetables 1200 1200 1212 1211 1210

Chayani Barduar

Paddy 4823 4618 4624 4620 4416

Wheat 181 196 184 199 186

Gram 19 20 20 18 18

Seasumum 32 34 30 24 24

Linseed 0 2 0 6 2

Mustard 179 184 188 188 168


Vegetables 200 224 218 218 210

Boko

Paddy 5369 5218 5220 5220 5210

Wheat 198 118 108 120 100

Gram 75 72 84 64 84

Seasumum 250 218 216 265 188

Linseed 215 198 116 187 214

Mustard 475 418 420 416 418

Other Oilseeds 252 216 218 284 184

Vegetables 542 518 521 524 510


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Bongaon

Paddy 3594 3524 3225 3520 3445

Wheat 145 144 118 145 111

Gram 41 40 20 38 18

Seasumum 33 36 24 35 64

Linseed 15 6 4 18 10

Mustard 395 384 385 324 324


Vegetables 285 216 210 216 208

Chamaria

Paddy 3851 3864 3818 3865 3824

Wheat 1301 1286 1210 1288 1224

Gram 40 40 18 36 18

Seasumum 228 218 210 218 216

Linseed 135 198 112 135 124

Mustard 1149 418 1160 1155 1155


Vegetables 205 212 210 212 416

Rani

Paddy 3799 3618 3624 3624 3624

Wheat 510 466 416 467 415

Gram 0 0 6 6 6

Seasumum 100 94 68 100 64

Linseed 390 384 318 224 309

Mustard 570 524 548 534 524

Other Oilseeds 498 418 410 484 365

Vegetables 485 466 418 418 416

Rampur

Paddy 3389 3465 3218 3466 3228

Wheat 160 145 125 147 125

Gram 11 12 24 10 16

Seasumum 34 28 18 24 24

Linseed 0 6 6 6 6


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Mustard 164 162 160 168 162


Vegetables 243 218 231 224 224

Bezera

Paddy 4418 4424 4424 4416 4400

Wheat 193 148 128 144 132

Gram 4 6 6 4 6

Seasumum 150 132 122 146 138

Linseed 8 6 0 6 6

Mustard 76 64 66 84 78


Vegetables 219 200 224 218 202

Kamalpur

Paddy 4331 4418 4421 4516 4321

Wheat 64 64 77 64 62

Gram 24 18 14 24 25

Seasumum 24 20 18 22 18

Linseed 40 36 24 36 24

Mustard 77 65 36 32 24


Vegetables 206 200 200 194 182

Rangia

Paddy 7750 7721 7624 7318 7724

Wheat 502 518 514 534 524

Gram 121 118 96 88 66

Seasumum 38 44 44 36 40

Linseed 0 0 0 6 6

Mustard 771 716 684 664 597


Vegetables 1339 1324 1224 1284 1214

Goreswar

Paddy 5691 5684 5518 5425 5324

Wheat 175 164 184 186 184


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Gram 20 16 18 24 25

Seasumum 67 66 34 62 38

Linseed 122 110 96 112 96

Mustard 1095 1066 906 1044 1018


Vegetables 265 248 218 224 216

Bihdia Jajikona

Paddy 9795 9729 9618 9624 9618

Wheat 79 66 88 80 78

Gram 5 6 8 6 4

Seasumum 68 68 66 54 24

Linseed 75 62 64 64 88

Mustard 308 311 288 224 184


Vegetables 289 294 300 216 198

Rabi Total 105071 102754 101706 102600 101323

Kamrup Total 215118 208552 207045 207611 205442

MORIGAON DISTRICT

Kharif

Mayong

Paddy 11689 11647 11582 11674 11526

Maize 55 50 50 28 38

Arhar 5 6 0 6 4

Sugarcane 115 96 98 100 96

Jute 520 544 518 518 464

Castor 10 4 0 0 0



Moriabari

Paddy 1478 1512 1497 1442 1472

Maize 0 0 0 0 0

Arhar 5 0 0 5 0

Sugarcane 685 485 618 598 514


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Jute 434 444 388 316 325

Castor 0 0 0 0 0

Ground Nut 15 64 48 13 6


Laharighat

Paddy 8822 8724 8614 8818 8650

Maize 0 0 0 0 0

Arhar 0 0 2 4 0

Sugarcane 194 200 200 196 145

Jute 3000 2818 2624 2896 2946

Castor 0 0 0 0 0

Ground Nut 160 85 6 132 124

Other Pulses 102 98 96 98 64

Bhurbandha

Paddy 2412 2502 2294 2399 2404

Maize 0 0 0 0 0

Arhar 10 4 0 5 0

Sugarcane 200 200 184 184 155

Jute 847 844 818 864 818

Castor 0 0 0 0 0



Kapili

Paddy 1564 1558 1700 1542 1534

Maize 0 0 0 0 0

Arhar 0 0 0 0 0

Sugarcane 46 66 18 38 26

Jute 2385 2214 2224 2216 2114

Castor 0 0 0 0 0


Other Pulses 324 314 288 284 224

Kharif Total 35202 34585 34013 34530 33826

Rabi


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Mayong

Paddy 19405 19412 19212 19345 19228

Wheat 375 384 285 301 288

Gram 14 18 24 19 24

Seasumum 245 188 214 194 218

Linseed 110 96 96 64 96

Mustard 746 718 718 668 718

Other Oilseeds 430 287 218 221 384

Vegetables 880 864 824 756 886

Moriabari

Paddy 9830 9824 9624 9824 9818

Wheat 382 288 265 214 196

Gram 0 0 0 5 6

Seasumum 78 66 68 76 64

Linseed 75 64 78 64 78

Mustard 261 212 244 255 244


Vegetables 94 98 96 64 95

Laharighat

Paddy 13002 13024 13125 13000 13096

Wheat 351 364 384 324 318

Gram 100 85 86 88 74

Seasumum 180 196 144 132 198

Linseed 72 72 74 78 74

Mustard 331 324 324 318 324


Vegetables 300 218 210 288 304

Bhurbandha

Paddy 13822 13816 13616 13814 13800

Wheat 194 165 200 144 164

Gram 0 0 0 0 0

Seasumum 379 410 318 404 384

Linseed 95 94 98 78 92


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Mustard 578 516 566 578 518


Vegetables 95 84 86 100 65

Kapili

Paddy 3037 3024 3038 3024 3014

Wheat 104 98 78 105 96

Gram 0 0 0 2 12

Seasumum 38 24 64 88 44

Linseed 0 6 16 18 4

Mustard 817 864 812 810 796


Vegetables 145 128 126 136 135

Rabi Total 66611 66083 65419 65623 65923

Morigaon Total 101813 100668 99432 100153 99749

Grand Total 316931 309220 306477 307764 305191

3.1.5 Livestock Population

The livestock population of Kamrup and Morigaon districts is given in table below:

3.5 Livestock Population details

Particulars Kamrup Morigaon

Cattle 610748 146951

Buffaloes 13167 4729

Goats 241659 63952

Pigs 164919 8544

Poultry 1465574 357188

Total 2496067 581364

(Source: Statistics deptt, Assamand Animal Husbandry Department,)

3.1.6 Industries

3.1.6.1 Rice Mills:


There are around 5 Rice mills in the Kamrup district and 3 rice mills in Morigaon district as per

rice mill association, but as per survey it is revealed that there are more no. of small capacity

hullers in Kamrup and Morigaon district. The rice mills are milling the paddy coming from the

district and nearby area. The rice mills are generating rice husk and rice bran.

S.N. Name of Rice Mill

Kamrup

1 Sharma Rice Mill

2 Sri Laxmi Rice Mill

3 Sagar Rice Mill

4 Surana Industries

5 Dhaemashwari Rice Mill

Morigaon

1 Anand Rice Mill

2 Manhat Rice Mill

3 Sunil Rice Mill

3.1.6.2 Saw Mills:

There are around 47 Sawmills in the Kamrup district and 13 sawmills in Morigaon district.

These sawmills are getting wood from the near by villages. The main species are Babool,

seasum, khejedi etc. The saw mills are generating wood chips and saw dust.

3.2 BIOMASS POWER PLANT LOCATION DETAILS

Biomass assessment was carried out in full Kamrup and Morigaon district. For study, blocks

falling in Kamrup and Morigaon districts are considered.

3.2.1 Demographic Features

Circle wise population, households for Kamrup and Morigaon districts are given below.

3.6 Demographic Features

Circle Name Household Population

Kamrup District


Circle Name Household Population

Goreswar 30770 172576

Rangia 32205 180976

Kamalpur 26900 152720

Hajo 38796 224381

Chhaygaon 36463 209740

Chamaria 16147 99919

Nagarbera 10743 61514

Boko 18628 99935

Palasbari 49963 266926

Guwahati 184454 809895

North Guwahati 12417 65813

Dispur 3067 16140

Sonapur 23049 124043

Chandrapur 7138 37746

Morigaon District

Mayong 34752 203641

Bhuragaon 16556 106140

Laharighat 29742 183420

Marigaon 30762 164835

Mikirbheta 21646 118220

Mayong 34752 203641

Bhuragaon 16556 106140

Chandgad 34907 180781

(Source: As per 2001 census)


3.2.2 Cropping Pattern:

The season wise & crop wise cropping pattern for five years for the blocks covered within the

Kamrup and Morigaon district are given below.

3.2.3 Block wise Cropping pattern in hectares

The main crops grown in the districts are Wheat, Paddy, Jute, Mustard etc.

3.7 Cropping pattern (Area in Ha)

Season 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Kamrup District

Kharif 110047 105798 105339 105011 104119

Rabi 105071 102754 101706 102600 101323

Total 215118 208552 207045 207611 205442

Morigaon District

Kharif 35202 34585 34013 34530 33826

Rabi 66611 66083 65419 65623 65923

Total 101813 100668 99432 100153 99749

Grand Total 316931 309220 306477 307764 305191

3.8 Cropped Area Kharif & Rabi Seasons (Area in Ha)

Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Kamrup District

Kharif

Sualkuchi

Paddy 4498 4424 4449 4432 4426

Maize 13 10 20 11 30

Arhar 13 13 16 14 16

Sugarcane 91 90 100 64 100

Jute 576 518 522 524 466

Castor 5 6 4 6 4


Other Pulses 515 524 465 518 418


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Hajo

Paddy 14264 13864 13850 13871 13876

Maize 30 26 18 28 24

Arhar 20 24 20 20 18

Sugarcane 42 43 28 44 28

Jute 700 614 612 612 614

Castor 4 0 0 0 0


Other Pulses 877 866 818 814 820

Goroimari

Paddy 2865 2880 2880 2887 2866

Maize 30 23 16 26 10

Arhar 80 84 88 88 66

Sugarcane 43 42 44 24 42

Jute 220 224 218 218 224

Castor 0 0 0 0 0



Chhaygaon

Paddy 2850 2726 2706 2733 2720

Maize 110 110 98 115 101

Arhar 10 10 4 6 0

Sugarcane 35 36 60 38 36

Jute 75 78 66 79 60

Castor 0 0 0 0 0


Other Pulses 165 174 132 124 144

Chandrapur

Paddy 1188 1165 1121 1170 1102

Maize 0 6 4 4 6

Arhar 0 4 6 6 4

Sugarcane 2 6 4 4 4

Jute 2 14 24 19 25


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Castor 0 0 0 0 0



Dimoria

Paddy 4300 4303 4308 4308 4246

Maize 5 18 24 20 28

Arhar 50 50 53 48 52

Sugarcane 20 25 20 24 54

Jute 100 96 100 94 100

Castor 2 2 0 4 0

Ground Nut 27 14 10 14 0

Other Pulses 200 184 164 188 124

Chayani Barduar

Paddy 1732 1602 1542 1610 1542

Maize 9 24 24 25 28

Arhar 10 10 24 10 18

Sugarcane 92 94 68 84 72

Jute 679 681 694 618 624

Castor 0 0 0 0 0


Other Pulses 213 216 210 212 218

Boko

Paddy 4604 4536 4549 4557 4536

Maize 225 184 178 188 166

Arhar 55 56 84 52 52

Sugarcane 450 418 416 398 244

Jute 330 318 368 324 366

Castor 550 485 418 386 618

Ground Nut 170 136 0 144 0

Other Pulses 635 624 624 618 618

Bongaon

Paddy 2738 2676 2694 2692 2690

Maize 45 36 24 38 29


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Arhar 35 24 20 18 18

Sugarcane 50 54 52 64 52

Jute 360 324 320 318 318

Castor 112 110 100 114 66

Ground Nut 0 0 128 0 100

Other Pulses 114 115 109 96 110

Chamaria

Paddy 15646 12846 12878 12856 12850

Maize 2 4 6 4 6

Arhar 578 518 521 524 518

Sugarcane 79 64 54 84 84

Jute 1753 1724 1718 1801 1724

Castor 2 2 4 4 0


Other Pulses 638 624 610 618 624

Rani

Paddy 4200 4276 4242 4282 4290

Maize 0 16 18 18 16

Arhar 240 216 276 6 281

Sugarcane 360 316 300 384 278

Jute 500 561 518 484 529

Castor 140 121 118 111 168

Ground Nut 410 384 274 285 124

Other Pulses 200 196 124 184 110

Rampur

Paddy 2006 2086 2078 2087 2061

Maize 10 24 28 26 24

Arhar 10 24 18 20 6

Sugarcane 111 98 66 121 110

Jute 239 134 146 125 145

Castor 1 2 6 4 6


Other Pulses 226 218 210 224 188


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Bezera

Paddy 3216 3161 3208 3106 3135

Maize 6 4 4 4 4

Arhar 12 14 14 16 10

Sugarcane 21 20 78 22 38

Jute 25 16 28 34 24

Castor 4 2 0 0 0

Ground Nut 50 48 50 42 41

Other Pulses 250 264 288 216 262

Kamalpur

Paddy 1330 1359 1284 1358 1327

Maize 2 2 4 0 0

Arhar 2 0 6 0 4

Sugarcane 9 0 20 12 18

Jute 5 5 6 0 6

Castor 0 0 0 0 0


Other Pulses 211 178 194 178 176

Rangia

Paddy 13540 13574 13549 13406 13336

Maize 303 222 324 284 218

Arhar 14 0 10 12 19

Sugarcane 68 66 16 63 64

Jute 29 24 34 24 33

Castor 0 0 0 0 0


Other Pulses 338 324 324 316 324

Goreswar

Paddy 11265 11229 11333 11306 11238

Maize 24 18 16 18 6

Arhar 29 34 24 18 25

Sugarcane 161 144 121 138 24

Jute 547 524 484 366 318


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Castor 0 0 0 0 0

Ground Nut 29 34 24 18 20

Other Pulses 103 112 111 98 112

Bihdia Jajikona

Paddy 2789 2858 2810 2870 2808

Maize 7 6 6 6 6

Arhar 18 6 6 4 16

Sugarcane 98 100 96 100 94

Jute 126 133 122 111 96

Castor 6 1 0 0 0

Ground Nut 25 24 18 6 0

Other Pulses 705 724 696 711 712

Kharif Total 110047 105798 105339 105011 104119

Rabi

Sualkuchi

Paddy 4206 4316 4424 4324 4428

Wheat 679 684 618 685 624

Gram 14 18 24 21 20

Seasumum 54 62 64 56 66

Linseed 48 44 48 68 66

Mustard 503 524 516 505 418


Vegetables 742 718 721 724 718

Hajo

Paddy 5526 5418 5424 5420 5426

Wheat 670 618 624 621 628

Gram 22 20 18 22 10

Seasumum 177 170 138 179 166

Linseed 81 88 66 78 88

Mustard 721 524 710 718 716


Vegetables 405 444 418 414 424

Goroimari


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Paddy 4370 4416 4524 4420 4518

Wheat 355 324 316 327 316

Gram 15 16 16 18 10

Seasumum 30 34 30 40 28

Linseed 81 24 22 40 24

Mustard 127 120 118 124 124


Vegetables 290 224 216 228 216

Chhaygaon

Paddy 4197 4124 4135 4125 4128

Wheat 210 210 208 214 210

Gram 10 10 10 13 10

Seasumum 6 2 6 6 6

Linseed 55 56 28 56 52

Mustard 90 94 98 98 68


Vegetables 450 418 481 424 478

Chandrapur

Paddy 1100 1124 1126 1128 1196

Wheat 30 36 24 38 34

Gram 0 6 4 6 2

Seasumum 0 0 0 0 6

Linseed 10 6 4 15 10

Mustard 30 32 18 24 24


Vegetables 200 200 184 202 180

Dimoria

Paddy 4667 4614 4630 4624 4587

Wheat 122 118 120 120 118

Gram 50 44 24 42 22

Seasumum 50 44 42 52 54

Linseed 5 5 0 6 6

Mustard 105 113 110 115 110


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01


Vegetables 1200 1200 1212 1211 1210

Chayani Barduar

Paddy 4823 4618 4624 4620 4416

Wheat 181 196 184 199 186

Gram 19 20 20 18 18

Seasumum 32 34 30 24 24

Linseed 0 2 0 6 2

Mustard 179 184 188 188 168


Vegetables 200 224 218 218 210

Boko

Paddy 5369 5218 5220 5220 5210

Wheat 198 118 108 120 100

Gram 75 72 84 64 84

Seasumum 250 218 216 265 188

Linseed 215 198 116 187 214

Mustard 475 418 420 416 418

Other Oilseeds 252 216 218 284 184

Vegetables 542 518 521 524 510

Bongaon

Paddy 3594 3524 3225 3520 3445

Wheat 145 144 118 145 111

Gram 41 40 20 38 18

Seasumum 33 36 24 35 64

Linseed 15 6 4 18 10

Mustard 395 384 385 324 324


Vegetables 285 216 210 216 208

Chamaria

Paddy 3851 3864 3818 3865 3824

Wheat 1301 1286 1210 1288 1224

Gram 40 40 18 36 18


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Seasumum 228 218 210 218 216

Linseed 135 198 112 135 124

Mustard 1149 418 1160 1155 1155


Vegetables 205 212 210 212 416

Rani

Paddy 3799 3618 3624 3624 3624

Wheat 510 466 416 467 415

Gram 0 0 6 6 6

Seasumum 100 94 68 100 64

Linseed 390 384 318 224 309

Mustard 570 524 548 534 524

Other Oilseeds 498 418 410 484 365

Vegetables 485 466 418 418 416

Rampur

Paddy 3389 3465 3218 3466 3228

Wheat 160 145 125 147 125

Gram 11 12 24 10 16

Seasumum 34 28 18 24 24

Linseed 0 6 6 6 6

Mustard 164 162 160 168 162


Vegetables 243 218 231 224 224

Bezera

Paddy 4418 4424 4424 4416 4400

Wheat 193 148 128 144 132

Gram 4 6 6 4 6

Seasumum 150 132 122 146 138

Linseed 8 6 0 6 6

Mustard 76 64 66 84 78


Vegetables 219 200 224 218 202

Kamalpur


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Paddy 4331 4418 4421 4516 4321

Wheat 64 64 77 64 62

Gram 24 18 14 24 25

Seasumum 24 20 18 22 18

Linseed 40 36 24 36 24

Mustard 77 65 36 32 24


Vegetables 206 200 200 194 182

Rangia

Paddy 7750 7721 7624 7318 7724

Wheat 502 518 514 534 524

Gram 121 118 96 88 66

Seasumum 38 44 44 36 40

Linseed 0 0 0 6 6

Mustard 771 716 684 664 597


Vegetables 1339 1324 1224 1284 1214

Goreswar

Paddy 5691 5684 5518 5425 5324

Wheat 175 164 184 186 184

Gram 20 16 18 24 25

Seasumum 67 66 34 62 38

Linseed 122 110 96 112 96

Mustard 1095 1066 906 1044 1018


Vegetables 265 248 218 224 216

Bihdia Jajikona

Paddy 9795 9729 9618 9624 9618

Wheat 79 66 88 80 78

Gram 5 6 8 6 4

Seasumum 68 68 66 54 24

Linseed 75 62 64 64 88

Mustard 308 311 288 224 184


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01


Vegetables 289 294 300 216 198

Rabi Total 105071 102754 101706 102600 101323

Kamrup Total 215118 208552 207045 207611 205442

Morigaon District

Kharif

Mayong

Paddy 11689 11647 11582 11674 11526

Maize 55 50 50 28 38

Arhar 5 6 0 6 4

Sugarcane 115 96 98 100 96

Jute 520 544 518 518 464

Castor 10 4 0 0 0



Moriabari

Paddy 1478 1512 1497 1442 1472

Maize 0 0 0 0 0

Arhar 5 0 0 5 0

Sugarcane 685 485 618 598 514

Jute 434 444 388 316 325

Castor 0 0 0 0 0

Ground Nut 15 64 48 13 6


Laharighat

Paddy 8822 8724 8614 8818 8650

Maize 0 0 0 0 0

Arhar 0 0 2 4 0

Sugarcane 194 200 200 196 145

Jute 3000 2818 2624 2896 2946

Castor 0 0 0 0 0

Ground Nut 160 85 6 132 124

Other Pulses 102 98 96 98 64


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Bhurbandha

Paddy 2412 2502 2294 2399 2404

Maize 0 0 0 0 0

Arhar 10 4 0 5 0

Sugarcane 200 200 184 184 155

Jute 847 844 818 864 818

Castor 0 0 0 0 0



Kapili

Paddy 1564 1558 1700 1542 1534

Maize 0 0 0 0 0

Arhar 0 0 0 0 0

Sugarcane 46 66 18 38 26

Jute 2385 2214 2224 2216 2114

Castor 0 0 0 0 0


Other Pulses 324 314 288 284 224

Kharif Total 35202 34585 34013 34530 33826

Rabi

Mayong

Paddy 19405 19412 19212 19345 19228

Wheat 375 384 285 301 288

Gram 14 18 24 19 24

Seasumum 245 188 214 194 218

Linseed 110 96 96 64 96

Mustard 746 718 718 668 718

Other Oilseeds 430 287 218 221 384

Vegetables 880 864 824 756 886

Moriabari

Paddy 9830 9824 9624 9824 9818

Wheat 382 288 265 214 196

Gram 0 0 0 5 6


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Seasumum 78 66 68 76 64

Linseed 75 64 78 64 78

Mustard 261 212 244 255 244


Vegetables 94 98 96 64 95

Laharighat

Paddy 13002 13024 13125 13000 13096

Wheat 351 364 384 324 318

Gram 100 85 86 88 74

Seasumum 180 196 144 132 198

Linseed 72 72 74 78 74

Mustard 331 324 324 318 324


Vegetables 300 218 210 288 304

Bhurbandha

Paddy 13822 13816 13616 13814 13800

Wheat 194 165 200 144 164

Gram 0 0 0 0 0

Seasumum 379 410 318 404 384

Linseed 95 94 98 78 92

Mustard 578 516 566 578 518


Vegetables 95 84 86 100 65

Kapili

Paddy 3037 3024 3038 3024 3014

Wheat 104 98 78 105 96

Gram 0 0 0 2 12

Seasumum 38 24 64 88 44

Linseed 0 6 16 18 4

Mustard 817 864 812 810 796


Vegetables 145 128 126 136 135

Rabi Total 66611 66083 65419 65623 65923


Crop Name 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01

Morigaon Total 101813 100668 99432 100153 99749

Grand Total 316931 309220 306477 307764 305191

3.2.4 Livestock Population

The livestock population of Kamrup and Morigaon districts is given in table below:

3.9 Livestock Population details

Particulars Kamrup Morigaon

Cattle 610748 146951

Buffaloes 13167 4729

Goats 241659 63952

Pigs 164919 8544

Poultry 1465574 357188

Total 2496067 581364

(Source: Statistics deptt, Assamand Animal Husbandry Department,)

3.2.5 Industries

3.2.5.1 Rice Mills:

There are around 5 Rice mills in the Kamrup district and 3 rice mills in Morigaon district as per

rice mill association, but as per survey it is revealed that there are more no. of small capacity

hullers in Kamrup and Morigaon district. The rice mills are milling the paddy coming from the

district and nearby area. The rice mills are generating rice husk and rice bran.


Kamrup District

1 Sharma Rice Mill

2 Sri Laxmi Rice Mill

3 Sagar Rice Mill

4 Surana Industries

5 Dhaemashwari Rice Mill

Morigaon District



1 Anand Rice Mill

2 Manhat Rice Mill

3 Sunil Rice Mill

3.2.5.2 Saw Mills:

There are around 47 Sawmills in the Kamrup district and 13 sawmills in Morigaon district.

These sawmills are getting wood from the near by villages. The main species are Babool,

seasum, khejedi etc. The saw mills are generating wood chips and saw dust.

3.3 FINDING FROM HOUSEHOLD SURVEY

To arrive consumption around 60 households in each blocks from the surrounding villages of

the power plant site for survey. The survey finding is given in the table below.

3.10 Findings from Household survey

Category Min Max Avg. % HH

Size of the Family 2 13 6

Agriculture Land Owned (ha) 0.4 42 9 46.16

Cooking/Heating Devices Used (Hours/Day)

Chulha 1 9 4 79.10

Mud Stove 2 2 2 11.79

Kerosene Stove 1 3 2 17.69

Gas Stove 1 6 3 78.97

Electrical Stove 3 4 4 5.90

Lighting Devices Used (Hours/Day)

Kerosene Lamp 1 4 2 26.52

Gas Lamp 1 4 3 9.79

Electric Lamp 3 18 11 97.55

Other Lamps 1 2 1 23.14

Type Of Fuel (Kg/Day)

Fuel Wood 2 8 2.6 68.88


Category Min Max Avg. % HH

Crop Residue 0.5 3 1 21.03

Dung Cake 3 20 11 23.24

Kerosene (Lit/Month) 2 6 4 38.97

LPG (Cylinders/Month) 0.5 1.5 0.9 72.63

Electricity (kWh/Two Month) 152 175 162 95.00

Crop Yield (Tons/Hectare)

Paddy Straw 1.17 1.96 1.86

Wheat Straw 1.27 1.93 1.79

Maize Stalk 2.16 2.86 2.35

3.4 Biomass Generation

The major sources of biomass generation are from Crop residues, wastelands and forestry,

and Agro industry residues. Biomass is categorized into suitable for fodder and also not

suitable for fodder. Enough care has been taken to not to use the fodder material for power

plant.

3.5 Crop Residues

Extensive survey was carried out to establish the yields and crop residue ratios. This

information is gathered from the village heads, and literature. Estimates were made based on

the field data and agriculture department data.

The biomass generated is classified into the biomass suitable for fodder and also for burning.

Biomass generated was estimated on the average values of yields and crop residue ratios.

Block wise biomass Generation for season wise is given in the following table.


3.11 Block wise Crop residue generation

Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)

Residue Type CRR Generation (Tons)

KAMRUP DISTRICT

Sualkuchi

Kharif

Paddy 4498 1.69 7601.62 Straw 1.33 10110.15

Maize 13 0.73 9.49 Stalks 1.86 17.65

Cobs 0.3 2.85

Arhar 13 0.59 7.67 Stalks 1.03 7.90

Sugarcane 91 38.43 3497.13 Tops & Leaves 0.06 209.83

Trash 0.04 139.89

Jute 576 1.87 1077.12 Stalks 1.83 1971.13

Castor 5 0.89 4.45 Stalks 1.23 5.47

Ground Nut 7 1.03 7.21 Stalks 1.78 12.83

Other Pulses 515 0.53 272.95 Stalks 1.01 275.68

Rabi

Paddy 4206 1.63 6855.78 Straw 1.31 8981.07

Wheat 679 1.03 699.37 Straw 1.36 951.14

Gram 14 0.56 7.84 Stalks 1.02 8.00

Seasumum 54 0.59 31.86 Stalks 1.51 48.11

Linseed 48 0.48 23.04 Stalks 1.43 32.95

Mustard 503 1.01 508.03 Stalks 1.61 817.93

Other Oilseeds 5 0.53 2.65 Stalks 1.42 3.76

Vegetables 742 1.46 1083.32 Straw 1 1083.32

TOTAL 21689.53 24679.66

Hajo

Kharif

Paddy 14264 1.69 24106.16 Straw 1.33 32061.19

Maize 30 0.73 21.90 Stalks 1.86 40.73

Cobs 0.3 6.57

Arhar 20 0.59 11.80 Stalks 1.03 12.15


Trash 0.04 64.56


Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)


Jute 700 1.87 1309.00 Stalks 1.83 2395.47

Castor 4 0.89 3.56 Stalks 1.23 4.38



Rabi

Paddy 5526 1.63 9007.38 Straw 1.31 11799.67

Wheat 670 1.03 690.10 Straw 1.36 938.54

Gram 22 0.56 12.32 Stalks 1.02 12.57

Seasumum 177 0.59 104.43 Stalks 1.51 157.69

Linseed 81 0.48 38.88 Stalks 1.43 55.60

Mustard 721 1.01 728.21 Stalks 1.61 1172.42



TOTAL 38703.91 49879.14

Goroimari

Kharif

Paddy 2865 1.69 4841.85 Straw 1.33 6439.66

Maize 30 0.73 21.90 Stalks 1.86 40.73

Cobs 0.3 6.57

Arhar 80 0.59 47.20 Stalks 1.03 48.62


Trash 0.04 66.10

Jute 220 1.87 411.40 Stalks 1.83 752.86

Castor 0 0.89 0.00 Stalks 1.23 0.00



Rabi

Paddy 4370 1.63 7123.10 Straw 1.31 9331.26

Wheat 355 1.03 365.65 Straw 1.36 497.28

Gram 15 0.56 8.40 Stalks 1.02 8.57

Seasumum 30 0.59 17.70 Stalks 1.51 26.73

Linseed 81 0.48 38.88 Stalks 1.43 55.60


Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)


Mustard 127 1.01 128.27 Stalks 1.61 206.51



TOTAL 15100.38 18023.39

Chhaygaon

Kharif

Paddy 2850 1.69 4816.50 Straw 1.33 6405.95

Maize 110 0.73 80.30 Stalks 1.86 149.36

Cobs 0.3 24.09

Arhar 10 0.59 5.90 Stalks 1.03 6.08


Trash 0.04 53.80

Jute 75 1.87 140.25 Stalks 1.83 256.66

Castor 0 0.89 0.00 Stalks 1.23 0.00



Rabi

Paddy 4197 1.63 6841.11 Straw 1.31 8961.85

Wheat 210 1.03 216.30 Straw 1.36 294.17

Gram 10 0.56 5.60 Stalks 1.02 5.71

Seasumum 6 0.59 3.54 Stalks 1.51 5.35

Linseed 55 0.48 26.40 Stalks 1.43 37.75

Mustard 90 1.01 90.90 Stalks 1.61 146.35



TOTAL 14361.20 17238.75

Chandrapur

Kharif

Paddy 1188 1.69 2007.72 Straw 1.33 2670.27

Maize 0 0.73 0.00 Stalks 1.86 0.00

Cobs 0.3 0.00

Arhar 0 0.59 0.00 Stalks 1.03 0.00


Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)



Trash 0.04 3.07

Jute 2 1.87 3.74 Stalks 1.83 6.84

Castor 0 0.89 0.00 Stalks 1.23 0.00



Rabi

Paddy 1100 1.63 1793.00 Straw 1.31 2348.83

Wheat 30 1.03 30.90 Straw 1.36 42.02

Gram 0 0.56 0.00 Stalks 1.02 0.00

Seasumum 0 0.59 0.00 Stalks 1.51 0.00

Linseed 10 0.48 4.80 Stalks 1.43 6.86

Mustard 30 1.01 30.30 Stalks 1.61 48.78



TOTAL 4256.28 5440.86

Dimoria

Kharif

Paddy 4300 1.69 7267.00 Straw 1.33 9665.11

Maize 5 0.73 3.65 Stalks 1.86 6.79

Cobs 0.3 1.10

Arhar 50 0.59 29.50 Stalks 1.03 30.39


Trash 0.04 30.74

Jute 100 1.87 187.00 Stalks 1.83 342.21

Castor 2 0.89 1.78 Stalks 1.23 2.19



Rabi

Paddy 4667 1.63 7607.21 Straw 1.31 9965.45

Wheat 122 1.03 125.66 Straw 1.36 170.90

Gram 50 0.56 28.00 Stalks 1.02 28.56


Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)


Seasumum 50 0.59 29.50 Stalks 1.51 44.55

Linseed 5 0.48 2.40 Stalks 1.43 3.43

Mustard 105 1.01 106.05 Stalks 1.61 170.74



TOTAL 18055.41 22435.64

Chayani Barduar

Kharif

Paddy 1732 1.69 2927.08 Straw 1.33 3893.02

Maize 9 0.73 6.57 Stalks 1.86 12.22

Cobs 0.3 1.97

Arhar 10 0.59 5.90 Stalks 1.03 6.08


Trash 0.04 141.42

Jute 679 1.87 1269.73 Stalks 1.83 2323.61

Castor 0 0.89 0.00 Stalks 1.23 0.00



Rabi

Paddy 4823 1.63 7861.49 Straw 1.31 10298.55

Wheat 181 1.03 186.43 Straw 1.36 253.54

Gram 19 0.56 10.64 Stalks 1.02 10.85

Seasumum 32 0.59 18.88 Stalks 1.51 28.51

Linseed 0 0.48 0.00 Stalks 1.43 0.00

Mustard 179 1.01 180.79 Stalks 1.61 291.07



TOTAL 16433.93 17915.87

Boko

Kharif

Paddy 4604 1.69 7780.76 Straw 1.33 10348.41

Maize 225 0.73 164.25 Stalks 1.86 305.51


Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)


Cobs 0.3 49.28

Arhar 55 0.59 32.45 Stalks 1.03 33.42


Trash 0.04 691.74

Jute 330 1.87 617.10 Stalks 1.83 1129.29

Castor 550 0.89 489.50 Stalks 1.23 602.09



Rabi

Paddy 5369 1.63 8751.47 Straw 1.31 11464.43

Wheat 198 1.03 203.94 Straw 1.36 277.36

Gram 75 0.56 42.00 Stalks 1.02 42.84

Seasumum 250 0.59 147.50 Stalks 1.51 222.73

Linseed 215 0.48 103.20 Stalks 1.43 147.58

Mustard 475 1.01 479.75 Stalks 1.61 772.40



TOTAL 37541.95 28757.23

Bongaon

Kharif

Paddy 2738 1.69 4627.22 Straw 1.33 6154.20

Maize 45 0.73 32.85 Stalks 1.86 61.10

Cobs 0.3 9.86

Arhar 35 0.59 20.65 Stalks 1.03 21.27


Trash 0.04 76.86

Jute 360 1.87 673.20 Stalks 1.83 1231.96

Castor 112 0.89 99.68 Stalks 1.23 122.61



Rabi

Paddy 3594 1.63 5858.22 Straw 1.31 7674.27


Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)


Wheat 145 1.03 149.35 Straw 1.36 203.12

Gram 41 0.56 22.96 Stalks 1.02 23.42

Seasumum 33 0.59 19.47 Stalks 1.51 29.40

Linseed 15 0.48 7.20 Stalks 1.43 10.30

Mustard 395 1.01 398.95 Stalks 1.61 642.31



TOTAL 14308.83 16854.58

Chamaria

Kharif

Paddy 15646 1.69 26441.74 Straw 1.33 35167.51

Maize 2 0.73 1.46 Stalks 1.86 2.72

Cobs 0.3 0.44

Arhar 578 0.59 341.02 Stalks 1.03 351.25


Trash 0.04 121.44

Jute 1753 1.87 3278.11 Stalks 1.83 5998.94

Castor 2 0.89 1.78 Stalks 1.23 2.19



Rabi

Paddy 3851 1.63 6277.13 Straw 1.31 8223.04

Wheat 1301 1.03 1340.03 Straw 1.36 1822.44

Gram 40 0.56 22.40 Stalks 1.02 22.85

Seasumum 228 0.59 134.52 Stalks 1.51 203.13

Linseed 135 0.48 64.80 Stalks 1.43 92.66

Mustard 1149 1.01 1160.49 Stalks 1.61 1868.39



TOTAL 42771.28 54749.55

Rani

Kharif


Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)


Paddy 4200 1.69 7098.00 Straw 1.33 9440.34

Maize 0 0.73 0.00 Stalks 1.86 0.00

Cobs 0.3 0.00

Arhar 240 0.59 141.60 Stalks 1.03 145.85


Trash 0.04 553.39

Jute 500 1.87 935.00 Stalks 1.83 1711.05

Castor 140 0.89 124.60 Stalks 1.23 153.26



Rabi

Paddy 3799 1.63 6192.37 Straw 1.31 8112.00

Wheat 510 1.03 525.30 Straw 1.36 714.41

Gram 0 0.56 0.00 Stalks 1.02 0.00

Seasumum 100 0.59 59.00 Stalks 1.51 89.09

Linseed 390 0.48 187.20 Stalks 1.43 267.70

Mustard 570 1.01 575.70 Stalks 1.61 926.88



TOTAL 31173.91 24885.70

Rampur

Kharif

Paddy 2006 1.69 3390.14 Straw 1.33 4508.89

Maize 10 0.73 7.30 Stalks 1.86 13.58

Cobs 0.3 2.19

Arhar 10 0.59 5.90 Stalks 1.03 6.08


Trash 0.04 170.63

Jute 239 1.87 446.93 Stalks 1.83 817.88

Castor 1 0.89 0.89 Stalks 1.23 1.09




Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)


Rabi

Paddy 3389 1.63 5524.07 Straw 1.31 7236.53

Wheat 160 1.03 164.80 Straw 1.36 224.13

Gram 11 0.56 6.16 Stalks 1.02 6.28

Seasumum 34 0.59 20.06 Stalks 1.51 30.29

Linseed 0 0.48 0.00 Stalks 1.43 0.00

Mustard 164 1.01 165.64 Stalks 1.61 266.68



TOTAL 14493.91 14046.81

Bezera

Kharif

Paddy 3216 1.69 5435.04 Straw 1.33 7228.60

Maize 6 0.73 4.38 Stalks 1.86 8.15

Cobs 0.3 1.31

Arhar 12 0.59 7.08 Stalks 1.03 7.29


Trash 0.04 32.28

Jute 25 1.87 46.75 Stalks 1.83 85.55

Castor 4 0.89 3.56 Stalks 1.23 4.38



Rabi

Paddy 4418 1.63 7201.34 Straw 1.31 9433.76

Wheat 193 1.03 198.79 Straw 1.36 270.35

Gram 4 0.56 2.24 Stalks 1.02 2.28

Seasumum 150 0.59 88.50 Stalks 1.51 133.64

Linseed 8 0.48 3.84 Stalks 1.43 5.49

Mustard 76 1.01 76.76 Stalks 1.61 123.58



TOTAL 14391.24 17947.64


Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)


Kamalpur

Kharif

Paddy 1330 1.69 2247.70 Straw 1.33 2989.44

Maize 2 0.73 1.46 Stalks 1.86 2.72

Cobs 0.3 0.44

Arhar 2 0.59 1.18 Stalks 1.03 1.22


Trash 0.04 13.83

Jute 5 1.87 9.35 Stalks 1.83 17.11

Castor 0 0.89 0.00 Stalks 1.23 0.00



Rabi

Paddy 4331 1.63 7059.53 Straw 1.31 9247.98

Wheat 64 1.03 65.92 Straw 1.36 89.65

Gram 24 0.56 13.44 Stalks 1.02 13.71

Seasumum 24 0.59 14.16 Stalks 1.51 21.38

Linseed 40 0.48 19.20 Stalks 1.43 27.46

Mustard 77 1.01 77.77 Stalks 1.61 125.21



TOTAL 10285.83 13014.13

Rangia

Kharif

Paddy 13540 1.69 22882.60 Straw 1.33 30433.86

Maize 303 0.73 221.19 Stalks 1.86 411.41

Cobs 0.3 66.36

Arhar 14 0.59 8.26 Stalks 1.03 8.51


Trash 0.04 104.53

Jute 29 1.87 54.23 Stalks 1.83 99.24

Castor 0 0.89 0.00 Stalks 1.23 0.00


Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)




Rabi

Paddy 7750 1.63 12632.50 Straw 1.31 16548.58

Wheat 502 1.03 517.06 Straw 1.36 703.20

Gram 121 0.56 67.76 Stalks 1.02 69.12

Seasumum 38 0.59 22.42 Stalks 1.51 33.85

Linseed 0 0.48 0.00 Stalks 1.43 0.00

Mustard 771 1.01 778.71 Stalks 1.61 1253.72



TOTAL 41932.05 52025.04

Goreswar

Kharif

Paddy 11265 1.69 19037.85 Straw 1.33 25320.34

Maize 24 0.73 17.52 Stalks 1.86 32.59

Cobs 0.3 5.26

Arhar 29 0.59 17.11 Stalks 1.03 17.62


Trash 0.04 247.49

Jute 547 1.87 1022.89 Stalks 1.83 1871.89

Castor 0 0.89 0.00 Stalks 1.23 0.00



Rabi

Paddy 5691 1.63 9276.33 Straw 1.31 12151.99

Wheat 175 1.03 180.25 Straw 1.36 245.14

Gram 20 0.56 11.20 Stalks 1.02 11.42

Seasumum 67 0.59 39.53 Stalks 1.51 59.69

Linseed 122 0.48 58.56 Stalks 1.43 83.74

Mustard 1095 1.01 1105.95 Stalks 1.61 1780.58



Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)



TOTAL 37441.68 42716.77

Bihdia Jajikona

Kharif

Paddy 2789 1.69 4713.41 Straw 1.33 6268.84

Maize 7 0.73 5.11 Stalks 1.86 9.50

Cobs 0.3 1.53

Arhar 18 0.59 10.62 Stalks 1.03 10.94


Trash 0.04 150.65

Jute 126 1.87 235.62 Stalks 1.83 431.18

Castor 6 0.89 5.34 Stalks 1.23 6.57



Rabi

Paddy 9795 1.63 15965.85 Straw 1.31 20915.26

Wheat 79 1.03 81.37 Straw 1.36 110.66

Gram 5 0.56 2.80 Stalks 1.02 2.86

Seasumum 68 0.59 40.12 Stalks 1.51 60.58

Linseed 75 0.48 36.00 Stalks 1.43 51.48

Mustard 308 1.01 311.08 Stalks 1.61 500.84



TOTAL 26024.48 29634.17

MORIGAON DISTRICT

Mayong

Kharif

Paddy 11689 1.69 19754.41 Straw 1.33 26273.37

Maize 55 0.73 40.15 Stalks 1.86 74.68

Cobs 0.3 12.05

Arhar 5 0.59 2.95 Stalks 1.03 3.04



Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)


Trash 0.04 176.78

Jute 520 1.87 972.40 Stalks 1.83 1779.49

Castor 10 0.89 8.90 Stalks 1.23 10.95



Rabi

Paddy 19405 1.63 31630.15 Straw 1.31 41435.50

Wheat 375 1.03 386.25 Straw 1.36 525.30

Gram 14 0.56 7.84 Stalks 1.02 8.00

Seasumum 245 0.59 144.55 Stalks 1.51 218.27

Linseed 110 0.48 52.80 Stalks 1.43 75.50

Mustard 746 1.01 753.46 Stalks 1.61 1213.07



TOTAL 59692.90 73686.53

Moriabari

Kharif

Paddy 1478 1.69 2497.82 Straw 1.33 3322.10

Maize 0 0.73 0.00 Stalks 1.86 0.00

Cobs 0.3 0.00

Arhar 5 0.59 2.95 Stalks 1.03 3.04


Trash 0.04 1052.98

Jute 434 1.87 811.58 Stalks 1.83 1485.19

Castor 0 0.89 0.00 Stalks 1.23 0.00



Rabi

Paddy 9830 1.63 16022.90 Straw 1.31 20990.00

Wheat 382 1.03 393.46 Straw 1.36 535.11

Gram 0 0.56 0.00 Stalks 1.02 0.00

Seasumum 78 0.59 46.02 Stalks 1.51 69.49


Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)


Linseed 75 0.48 36.00 Stalks 1.43 51.48

Mustard 261 1.01 263.61 Stalks 1.61 424.41



TOTAL 46578.08 29704.78

Laharighat

Kharif

Paddy 8822 1.69 14909.18 Straw 1.33 19829.21

Maize 0 0.73 0.00 Stalks 1.86 0.00

Cobs 0.3 0.00

Arhar 0 0.59 0.00 Stalks 1.03 0.00


Trash 0.04 298.22

Jute 3000 1.87 5610.00 Stalks 1.83 10266.30

Castor 0 0.89 0.00 Stalks 1.23 0.00



Rabi

Paddy 13002 1.63 21193.26 Straw 1.31 27763.17

Wheat 351 1.03 361.53 Straw 1.36 491.68

Gram 100 0.56 56.00 Stalks 1.02 57.12

Seasumum 180 0.59 106.20 Stalks 1.51 160.36

Linseed 72 0.48 34.56 Stalks 1.43 49.42

Mustard 331 1.01 334.31 Stalks 1.61 538.24



TOTAL 50741.70 60721.61

Bhurbandha

Kharif

Paddy 2412 1.69 4076.28 Straw 1.33 5421.45

Maize 0 0.73 0.00 Stalks 1.86 0.00

Cobs 0.3 0.00


Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)


Arhar 10 0.59 5.90 Stalks 1.03 6.08


Trash 0.04 307.44

Jute 847 1.87 1583.89 Stalks 1.83 2898.52

Castor 0 0.89 0.00 Stalks 1.23 0.00



Rabi

Paddy 13822 1.63 22529.86 Straw 1.31 29514.12

Wheat 194 1.03 199.82 Straw 1.36 271.76

Gram 0 0.56 0.00 Stalks 1.02 0.00

Seasumum 379 0.59 223.61 Stalks 1.51 337.65

Linseed 95 0.48 45.60 Stalks 1.43 65.21

Mustard 578 1.01 583.78 Stalks 1.61 939.89



TOTAL 37106.30 40395.15

Kapili

Kharif

Paddy 1564 1.69 2643.16 Straw 1.33 3515.40

Maize 0 0.73 0.00 Stalks 1.86 0.00

Cobs 0.3 0.00

Arhar 0 0.59 0.00 Stalks 1.03 0.00


Trash 0.04 70.71

Jute 2385 1.87 4459.95 Stalks 1.83 8161.71

Castor 0 0.89 0.00 Stalks 1.23 0.00



Rabi

Paddy 3037 1.63 4950.31 Straw 1.31 6484.91

Wheat 104 1.03 107.12 Straw 1.36 145.68


Crop Name Area (ha)

Yield (T/ha)

Production (Tons)


Gram 0 0.56 0.00 Stalks 1.02 0.00

Seasumum 38 0.59 22.42 Stalks 1.51 33.85

Linseed 0 0.48 0.00 Stalks 1.43 0.00

Mustard 817 1.01 825.17 Stalks 1.61 1328.52



TOTAL 15159.33 20231.99

3.12 Summary of District wise Crop residue generation in tons

District Kharif Rabi Total

Kamrup 244391.05 205853.89 450244.93

Morigaon 88443.68 136296.38 224740.06

Grand total 332834.73 342150.27 674984.99

3.4.2 Biomass from Forest and Other Waste Lands

Besides the State forest there are other areas, which include waste lands in the district.

Interaction with the farmers, during the survey revealed that the annual sustainable

productivity of the forest land in the district is 1.5 MT/year and wastelands, which includes

barren uncultivatable, permanent pasture and grazing land are 0.8 MT/year.

Biomass from wastelands is calculated through multiplying the total area under barren

uncultivable, permanent pasture and grazing land by the average annual sustainable

productivity of wastelands. The following table indicates the area and biomass generated from

forest and other lands in the district.

3.13 Biomass generation from forest & other land sources in tons

District Forest land Other Waste lands Total

Kamrup 175041 57211 232252

Morigaon 26439 14904 41343

Grand Total 201480 72115 273595


3.4.3 Agro Industry Residues

Major Agro industrial residues available within district are rice husk, rice bran, wood chips, saw

dust etc.

3.14 District wise biomass generation from Industries in tons

Particulars Kamrup Morigaon TOTAL

Rice Mills

Husk 63591 30846 94437

Bran 14453 7010 21463

Saw Mills

Wood chips 2115 585 2700

Saw dust 423 117 540

3.4.4 Summary of Biomass Generation from all Sources

Biomass from crop residues, agro industries mainly from rice mills, and forest and wastelands

is estimated and given below:

3.15 District wise biomass generation from all sources in tons

Districts Crop Residue Forest & other lands

Agro-Industry

Total

Kamrup 450244.93 232252 80582 763079

Morigaon 224740.06 41343 38558 304641

Grand total 674984.99 273595 119140 1067720

Total biomass generation in the both districts is 674984.99 tons of crop residue, 273595 tons

of wood and 119140 tons of agro industrial residue which includes bagasse, rice husk, wood

chips etc. The total biomass generation from all sources is 1067720.

3.5 Biomass Consumption

The major areas of biomass consumption are for domestic fuel, fodder and small hotels etc.

As per the survey, the average consumption of woody biomass consumed per household per

annum is around 50-70 kgs in the both districts.


3.5.1 Domestic Fuel Consumption

This area is developed one and the purchasing capacity is much higher. Slowly domestic fuel

is being shifted from the wood, dung cakes to LPG. The wood and crop residue consumption

is considered on an average basis as 50-70 Kgs and 26-44 kgs per annum per person in

Kamrup and Morigaon district respectively. This figure is arrived based on the household

survey carried out in 60 households in selected village of each blocks.

In every block one or two village was selected for household survey, for domestic and fodder

consumptions and other miscellaneous purposes.

Domestic fuel requirement in the district given below:

3.16 District wise Domestic fuel consumption in tons

Districts Domestic Fuel (Tons)

Wood Crop Residue Total

Kamrup 112987 41958.80 154945.80

Morigaon 33222 32680.10 65902.10

Total 146209.00 74638.90 220847.90

3.5.2 Fodder Consumption

In this area cattle also sent for grazing. On an average, the consumption of fodder is around

4-6 kg/day per cattle.

3.17 District wise Fodder consumption in tons

Districts Fodder Consumption Rice Bran Total

Kamrup 403488.80 14453 417941.80

Morigaon 189989.67 7010 196999.67

Grand total 593478.47 21463 614941.47


3.5.3 Industrial Fuel Consumption

The following table gives the details of consumption of biomass in industrial sector within

Kamrup and Morigaon districts.

3.18 District wise Industrial Biomass consumption in tons

District Saw mill Brick Kilns, Poultry farms, Hotels Total

Wood Rice Husk Wood chips Saw dust

Kamrup 8460 33067 2115 423 44065

Morigaon 2340 16040 585 117 19082

Grand total 10800 49107 2700 540 63147

3.5.4 Summary of Biomass Consumption

The following table gives the summary of biomass consumption in different sectors within the

district.

3.19 Summary of Biomass consumption in tons

District Domestic Fodder Industry Total

Kamrup 154945.80 417941.80 44065 616952.60

Morigaon 65902.10 196999.67 19082 281983.77

Grand total 220847.90 614941.47 63147 898936.37

3.6 Biomass Surplus

After estimating the biomass generation from the possible sources, and estimating the

consumption of biomass as fodder and also for domestic fuel, which contributes the major

consumption, the other consumptions namely for saw mills etc can be accounted in the wood,

portion, the net biomass surplus available from each block of district are given below:

3.6.1 Block wise Crop Residue Balance

The following table gives the details of surplus biomass from different sources within the

district.


3.20 Block wise crop residue balance in tons

Crop Name Residue Type Biomass Generation

Biomass Consumption Collectable Surplus

Fodder Thatching Domestic fuel

KAMRUP DISTRICT

Sualkuchi

Kharif

Paddy Straw 10110.15 9806.85 303.30 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 17.65 17.65 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 2.85 0.00 0.00 2.85 0.00

Arhar Stalks 7.90 0.00 0.00 7.90 0.00

Sugarcane Tops & Leaves 209.83 209.83 0.00 0.00 0.00

Trash 139.89 0.00 0.00 139.89 0.00

Jute Stalks 1971.13 0.00 0.00 1971.13 0.00

Castor Stalks 5.47 5.47 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ground Nut Stalks 12.83 12.83 0.00 0.00 0.00

Other Pulses Stalks 275.68 0.00 0.00 275.68 0.00

Rabi

Paddy Straw 8981.07 8981.07 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 951.14 951.14 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 8.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 48.11 0.00 0.00 48.11 0.00

Linseed Stalks 32.95 0.00 0.00 32.95 0.00

Mustard Stalks 817.93 0.00 0.00 817.93 0.00

Other Oilseeds Stalks 3.76 0.00 0.00 3.76 0.00

Vegetables Straw 1083.32 1083.32 0.00 0.00 0.00

TOTAL 24679.66 21076.17 303.30 3300.19 0.00

Hajo

Kharif

Paddy Straw 32061.19 31740.58 320.61 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 40.73 40.73 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 6.57 0.00 0.00 6.57 0.00

Arhar Stalks 12.15 0.00 0.00 12.15 0.00






Trash 64.56 0.00 0.00 64.56 0.00

Jute Stalks 2395.47 0.00 0.00 2395.47 0.00

Castor Stalks 4.38 4.38 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 11799.67 11799.67 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 938.54 938.54 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 12.57 12.57 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 157.69 0.00 0.00 157.69 0.00

Linseed Stalks 55.60 0.00 0.00 55.60 0.00

Mustard Stalks 1172.42 0.00 0.00 1172.42 0.00



TOTAL 49879.14 45224.61 320.61 4333.92 0.00

Goroimari

Kharif

Paddy Straw 6439.66 6117.68 321.98 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 40.73 40.73 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 6.57 0.00 0.00 6.57 0.00

Arhar Stalks 48.62 0.00 0.00 48.62 0.00


Trash 66.10 0.00 0.00 66.10 0.00

Jute Stalks 752.86 0.00 0.00 752.86 0.00

Castor Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 9331.26 9331.26 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 497.28 497.28 0.00 0.00 0.00





Gram Stalks 8.57 8.57 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 26.73 0.00 0.00 26.73 0.00

Linseed Stalks 55.60 0.00 0.00 55.60 0.00

Mustard Stalks 206.51 0.00 0.00 206.51 0.00



TOTAL 18023.39 16518.07 321.98 1183.33 0.00

Chhaygaon

Kharif

Paddy Straw 6405.95 6085.65 320.30 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 149.36 149.36 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 24.09 0.00 0.00 24.09 0.00

Arhar Stalks 6.08 0.00 0.00 6.08 0.00


Trash 53.80 0.00 0.00 53.80 0.00

Jute Stalks 256.66 0.00 0.00 256.66 0.00

Castor Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 8961.85 8961.85 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 294.17 294.17 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 5.71 5.71 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 5.35 0.00 0.00 5.35 0.00

Linseed Stalks 37.75 0.00 0.00 37.75 0.00

Mustard Stalks 146.35 0.00 0.00 146.35 0.00



TOTAL 17238.75 16243.61 320.30 674.84 0.00

Chandrapur

Kharif





Paddy Straw 2670.27 2483.35 186.92 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Arhar Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


Trash 3.07 0.00 0.00 3.07 0.00

Jute Stalks 6.84 0.00 0.00 6.84 0.00

Castor Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 2348.83 2348.83 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 42.02 42.02 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Linseed Stalks 6.86 0.00 0.00 6.86 0.00

Mustard Stalks 48.78 0.00 0.00 48.78 0.00



TOTAL 5440.86 5170.81 186.92 83.13 0.00

Dimoria

Kharif

Paddy Straw 9665.11 9375.16 289.95 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 6.79 6.79 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 1.10 0.00 0.00 1.10 0.00

Arhar Stalks 30.39 0.00 0.00 30.39 0.00


Trash 30.74 0.00 0.00 30.74 0.00

Jute Stalks 342.21 0.00 0.00 342.21 0.00

Castor Stalks 2.19 2.19 0.00 0.00 0.00







Rabi

Paddy Straw 9965.45 9965.45 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 170.90 170.90 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 28.56 28.56 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 44.55 0.00 0.00 44.55 0.00

Linseed Stalks 3.43 0.00 0.00 3.43 0.00

Mustard Stalks 170.74 0.00 0.00 170.74 0.00



TOTAL 22435.64 21396.66 289.95 749.03 0.00

Chayani Barduar

Kharif

Paddy Straw 3893.02 3659.44 233.58 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 12.22 12.22 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 1.97 0.00 0.00 1.97 0.00

Arhar Stalks 6.08 0.00 0.00 6.08 0.00


Trash 141.42 0.00 0.00 141.42 0.00

Jute Stalks 2323.61 0.00 0.00 2323.61 0.00

Castor Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 10298.55 10298.55 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 253.54 253.54 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 10.85 10.85 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 28.51 0.00 0.00 28.51 0.00

Linseed Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mustard Stalks 291.07 0.00 0.00 291.07 0.00







TOTAL 17915.87 14738.74 233.58 2943.55 0.00

Boko

Kharif

Paddy Straw 10348.41 10037.96 310.45 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 305.51 305.51 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 49.28 0.00 0.00 49.28 0.00

Arhar Stalks 33.42 0.00 0.00 33.42 0.00


Trash 691.74 0.00 0.00 691.74 0.00

Jute Stalks 1129.29 0.00 0.00 1129.29 0.00

Castor Stalks 602.09 602.09 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 11464.43 11464.43 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 277.36 277.36 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 42.84 42.84 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 222.73 0.00 0.00 222.73 0.00

Linseed Stalks 147.58 0.00 0.00 147.58 0.00

Mustard Stalks 772.40 0.00 0.00 772.40 0.00



TOTAL 28757.23 24870.78 310.45 3576.00 0.00

Bongaon

Kharif

Paddy Straw 6154.20 5846.49 307.71 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 61.10 61.10 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 9.86 0.00 0.00 9.86 0.00

Arhar Stalks 21.27 0.00 0.00 21.27 0.00






Trash 76.86 0.00 0.00 76.86 0.00

Jute Stalks 1231.96 0.00 0.00 1231.96 0.00

Castor Stalks 122.61 122.61 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 7674.27 7674.27 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 203.12 203.12 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 23.42 23.42 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 29.40 0.00 0.00 29.40 0.00

Linseed Stalks 10.30 0.00 0.00 10.30 0.00

Mustard Stalks 642.31 0.00 0.00 642.31 0.00



TOTAL 16854.58 14462.39 307.71 2084.48 0.00

Chamaria

Kharif

Paddy Straw 35167.51 34815.84 351.68 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 2.72 2.72 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.00

Arhar Stalks 351.25 0.00 0.00 351.25 0.00


Trash 121.44 0.00 0.00 121.44 0.00

Jute Stalks 5998.94 0.00 0.00 5998.94 0.00

Castor Stalks 2.19 2.19 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 8223.04 8223.04 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 1822.44 1822.44 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 22.85 22.85 0.00 0.00 0.00





Seasumum Stalks 203.13 0.00 0.00 203.13 0.00

Linseed Stalks 92.66 0.00 0.00 92.66 0.00

Mustard Stalks 1868.39 0.00 0.00 1868.39 0.00



TOTAL 54749.55 45374.20 351.68 9023.68 0.00

Rani

Kharif

Paddy Straw 9440.34 9157.13 283.21 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Arhar Stalks 145.85 0.00 0.00 145.85 0.00


Trash 553.39 0.00 0.00 553.39 0.00

Jute Stalks 1711.05 0.00 0.00 1711.05 0.00

Castor Stalks 153.26 153.26 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 8112.00 8112.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 714.41 714.41 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 89.09 0.00 0.00 89.09 0.00

Linseed Stalks 267.70 0.00 0.00 267.70 0.00

Mustard Stalks 926.88 0.00 0.00 926.88 0.00



TOTAL 24885.70 20426.68 283.21 4175.81 0.00

Rampur

Kharif





Paddy Straw 4508.89 4238.35 270.53 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 13.58 13.58 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 2.19 0.00 0.00 2.19 0.00

Arhar Stalks 6.08 0.00 0.00 6.08 0.00


Trash 170.63 0.00 0.00 170.63 0.00

Jute Stalks 817.88 0.00 0.00 817.88 0.00

Castor Stalks 1.09 1.09 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 7236.53 7236.53 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 224.13 224.13 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 6.28 6.28 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 30.29 0.00 0.00 30.29 0.00

Linseed Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mustard Stalks 266.68 0.00 0.00 266.68 0.00



TOTAL 14046.81 12330.69 270.53 1445.58 0.00

Bezera

Kharif

Paddy Straw 7228.60 7011.75 216.86 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 8.15 8.15 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 1.31 0.00 0.00 1.31 0.00

Arhar Stalks 7.29 0.00 0.00 7.29 0.00


Trash 32.28 0.00 0.00 32.28 0.00

Jute Stalks 85.55 0.00 0.00 85.55 0.00

Castor Stalks 4.38 4.38 0.00 0.00 0.00







Rabi

Paddy Straw 9433.76 9433.76 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 270.35 270.35 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 2.28 2.28 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 133.64 0.00 0.00 133.64 0.00

Linseed Stalks 5.49 0.00 0.00 5.49 0.00

Mustard Stalks 123.58 0.00 0.00 123.58 0.00



TOTAL 17947.64 17190.50 216.86 540.28 0.00

Kamalpur

Kharif

Paddy Straw 2989.44 2780.18 209.26 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 2.72 2.72 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.00

Arhar Stalks 1.22 0.00 0.00 1.22 0.00


Trash 13.83 0.00 0.00 13.83 0.00

Jute Stalks 17.11 0.00 0.00 17.11 0.00

Castor Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 9247.98 9247.98 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 89.65 89.65 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 13.71 13.71 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 21.38 0.00 0.00 21.38 0.00

Linseed Stalks 27.46 0.00 0.00 27.46 0.00

Mustard Stalks 125.21 0.00 0.00 125.21 0.00







TOTAL 13014.13 12477.75 209.26 327.12 0.00

Rangia

Kharif

Paddy Straw 30433.86 30129.52 304.34 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 411.41 411.41 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 66.36 0.00 0.00 66.36 0.00

Arhar Stalks 8.51 0.00 0.00 8.51 0.00


Trash 104.53 0.00 0.00 104.53 0.00

Jute Stalks 99.24 0.00 0.00 99.24 0.00

Castor Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 16548.58 16548.58 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 703.20 703.20 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 69.12 69.12 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 33.85 0.00 0.00 33.85 0.00

Linseed Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mustard Stalks 1253.72 0.00 0.00 1253.72 0.00



TOTAL 52025.04 49973.56 304.34 1747.14 0.00

Goreswar

Kharif

Paddy Straw 25320.34 25067.14 253.20 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 32.59 32.59 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 5.26 0.00 0.00 5.26 0.00

Arhar Stalks 17.62 0.00 0.00 17.62 0.00






Trash 247.49 0.00 0.00 247.49 0.00

Jute Stalks 1871.89 0.00 0.00 1871.89 0.00

Castor Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 12151.99 12151.99 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 245.14 245.14 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 11.42 11.42 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 59.69 0.00 0.00 59.69 0.00

Linseed Stalks 83.74 0.00 0.00 83.74 0.00

Mustard Stalks 1780.58 0.00 0.00 1780.58 0.00



TOTAL 42716.77 38319.58 253.20 4143.98 0.00

Bihdia Jajikona

Kharif

Paddy Straw 6268.84 5955.39 313.44 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 9.50 9.50 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 1.53 0.00 0.00 1.53 0.00

Arhar Stalks 10.94 0.00 0.00 10.94 0.00


Trash 150.65 0.00 0.00 150.65 0.00

Jute Stalks 431.18 0.00 0.00 431.18 0.00

Castor Stalks 6.57 6.57 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 20915.26 20915.26 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 110.66 110.66 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 2.86 2.86 0.00 0.00 0.00





Seasumum Stalks 60.58 0.00 0.00 60.58 0.00

Linseed Stalks 51.48 0.00 0.00 51.48 0.00

Mustard Stalks 500.84 0.00 0.00 500.84 0.00



TOTAL 29634.17 27693.99 313.44 1626.73 0.00

MORIGAON DISTRICT

Mayong

Kharif

Paddy Straw 26273.37 25747.90 525.47 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 74.68 74.68 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 12.05 0.00 0.00 12.05 0.00

Arhar Stalks 3.04 0.00 0.00 3.04 0.00


Trash 176.78 0.00 0.00 176.78 0.00

Jute Stalks 1779.49 0.00 0.00 1779.49 0.00

Castor Stalks 10.95 10.95 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 41435.50 41435.50 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 525.30 525.30 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 8.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 218.27 0.00 0.00 218.27 0.00

Linseed Stalks 75.50 0.00 0.00 75.50 0.00

Mustard Stalks 1213.07 0.00 0.00 1213.07 0.00



TOTAL 73686.53 69352.28 525.47 3808.78 0.00

Moriabari

Kharif





Paddy Straw 3322.10 3023.11 298.99 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Arhar Stalks 3.04 0.00 0.00 3.04 0.00


Trash 1052.98 0.00 0.00 1052.98 0.00

Jute Stalks 1485.19 0.00 0.00 1485.19 0.00

Castor Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 20990.00 20990.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 535.11 535.11 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 69.49 0.00 0.00 69.49 0.00

Linseed Stalks 51.48 0.00 0.00 51.48 0.00

Mustard Stalks 424.41 0.00 0.00 424.41 0.00



TOTAL 29704.78 26292.43 298.99 3113.36 0.00

Laharighat

Kharif

Paddy Straw 19829.21 19333.48 495.73 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Arhar Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


Trash 298.22 0.00 0.00 298.22 0.00

Jute Stalks 10266.30 0.00 0.00 10266.30 0.00

Castor Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00







Rabi

Paddy Straw 27763.17 27763.17 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 491.68 491.68 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 57.12 57.12 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 160.36 0.00 0.00 160.36 0.00

Linseed Stalks 49.42 0.00 0.00 49.42 0.00

Mustard Stalks 538.24 0.00 0.00 538.24 0.00



TOTAL 60721.61 48824.12 495.73 11401.76 0.00

Bhurbandha

Kharif

Paddy Straw 5421.45 4987.74 433.72 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Arhar Stalks 6.08 0.00 0.00 6.08 0.00


Trash 307.44 0.00 0.00 307.44 0.00

Jute Stalks 2898.52 0.00 0.00 2898.52 0.00

Castor Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 29514.12 29514.12 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 271.76 271.76 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 337.65 0.00 0.00 337.65 0.00

Linseed Stalks 65.21 0.00 0.00 65.21 0.00

Mustard Stalks 939.89 0.00 0.00 939.89 0.00







TOTAL 40395.15 35373.47 433.72 4587.97 0.00

Kapili

Kharif

Paddy Straw 3515.40 3199.02 316.39 0.00 0.00

Maize Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cobs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Arhar Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


Trash 70.71 0.00 0.00 70.71 0.00

Jute Stalks 8161.71 0.00 0.00 8161.71 0.00

Castor Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Rabi

Paddy Straw 6484.91 6484.91 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wheat Straw 145.68 145.68 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gram Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Seasumum Stalks 33.85 0.00 0.00 33.85 0.00

Linseed Stalks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mustard Stalks 1328.52 0.00 0.00 1328.52 0.00



TOTAL 20231.99 10147.37 316.39 9768.23 0.00

3.6.2 Biomass Surplus from Agro-industries

The only biomass available in surplus from agro industries is rice husk. Other biomass

generated from agro industries is fully consumed in industrial and other sectors. The district

wise surplus biomass available is given in the table below.


3.21 District wise Biomass Surplus from Agro-industries in Tons

District Rice Husk Total

Kamrup 30524 30524

Morigaon 14806 14806

Grand total 45330 45330

3.6.3 Biomass Surplus from Forest and other land

The following table gives the details regarding the biomass available from the forest and

other wasteland within districts is given below.

3.22 District wise Biomass Surplus from Forest and other land in Tons

District Surplus Wood Total

Kamrup 110805 110805

Morigaon 5781 5781

Grand total 116586 116586

3.6.4 Summary of Surplus Biomass Availability

The following table gives the summary of surplus biomass from different sources within the

district.

3.23 Summary of surplus biomass in Tons

Districts Crop residue Forest and other land

Agro-industry

Total

Kamrup 0.00 110805 30524 141329

Morigaon 0.00 5781 14806 20587

Grand total 0.00 116586 45330 161916

3.7 POWER GENERATION POTENTIAL

The surplus available for the power generation purpose is 161916 tons/year, which mainly

consists of the wood from the forestlands and rice husk.


The power potential available with the surplus wood is about 11.66 MW, and with the Agro-

industries residues i.e rice husk is about 4.53 MW. The total power potential available in

Kamrup and Morigaon districts is 16.19 MW.

3.8 BIOMASS CHARACTERISTICS, AVAILABILITY AND COST

3.8.1 Biomass Characteristics

Biomass is a renewable source of energy that can be made use of effectively for thermal as

well as electrical energy generation. All the processes in which biomass is used as fuel have a

definite bearing on the properties of the biomass material. Thus the characterization of

biomass material is essential. The characterization of biomass involves the Proximate and

Ultimate Analysis.

3.8.1.1 Proximate Analysis

The proximate analysis gives the proxy information of biomass constituents such as moisture,

volatiles, fixed carbon and ash content. The carbon content determined through this method is

not actual carbon content in the biomass but only the non-volatile part of carbon content, some

of the carbon present in the biomass escapes along with volatiles. The proximate analysis of

some biomass is given in the table.

Biomass Calorific Value

(kcal/kg) Ash (%) Volatile

matter (%) Fixed

Carbon (%)

Paddy straw 3730 15.50 68.30 16.20

Wheat straw 4146 7.70 80.60 11.70

Maize Stalks 3200 to 3800 1 to 20 60 to 85 10 to 20

Mustard stalk 4178 4.90 78.00 17.10

Cane trash 4120 10.90 70.40 18.70

Wood 3700 to 4200 1 to 3 70 to 85 15 to 20

Rice husk 3200 19.20 66.20 14.60

3.8.1.2 Ultimate Analysis

The ultimate analysis involves the determination of the elemental composition of the fuel i.e.

carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, sulphur etc. The determination of the total carbon and


hydrogen and their (C/H) ratio gives an indication of the type of volatiles present in the

biomass i.e. saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons which governs the tar formation. The

ultimate analysis of some biomass is given in the table.

Biomass Carbon (%)

Hydrogen (%)

Nitrogen (%)

Oxygen (%)

Ash (%)

Paddy straw 35.97 5.28 0.17 43.08 15.50

Mustard Stalks 40.89 5.92 6.37 39.12 7.70

Maize Stalk 35 to 40 6 to 8 0.5 to 1 50 to 55 1 to 20

Cane trash 39.75 5.55 0.17 46.82 7.71

Wood 45 to 50 5 to 7 0.5 to 0.9 40 to 48 1 to 3

Rice husk 36.42 4.91 0.59 35.88 22.20

3.8.2 Biomass Collection, handling, and preparation:

As mentioned earlier, biomass is generated from crop residues, agro industry, barren and

forest lands. The biomass obtained as crop residue and agro industry residue will have low

bulk density. The type of crop residue generated depends on the crop and also harvesting

methods. For example, if combines are used for harvesting of paddy crop, almost 5% of straw

is left in the field. The harvested straw is in the form of powder with low bulk density. This

straw needs to densified using briquetting technique. The straw left in the field, needs manual

harvesting. Manual harvested straw can be densified using bailing. If the paddy crop can be

harvested manual, total straw can be collected and can be efficiently used. Wheat straw is

also being harvested similarly.

Residue from oil seeds and pulses are brittle woody type. This type of material needs

mechanism to break into pieces of 2 to 6 inches. Usually choppers are used for this purpose.

Biomass obtained from energy plantation or wood from forest and barren land needs special

attention of preparation. This material is heavy and transportation problems are less compared

with low bulk residues.

Depending on the size and quality of material, shredders, cutters, choppers and chippers can

be used.


3.8.3 Seasonal Biomass Availability and Cost

The major crops in this area are paddy, maize wheat, sugarcane and barley. The residues

from these crops like from these crops like paddy straw, wheat straw, maize stalks are used

as fodder. Maize cobs, cane trash, Til and Mustard stalks are used as domestic fuel. Rice

husk and Wood are the major biomass available this area which is used for industrial purpose

and domestic. After the consumption of different biomasses in various sectors cane trash,

Mustard and Til stalks, Maize cobs, wood and rice husk are available in surplus quantity,

which can be used for power generation.

As the power plant start working, biomass prices may increase to tune to 5 to 10 % in the off-

season.

3.8.4 Transportation Modes

Tractor trolleys and bullock carts are the most important means of transport available with

farmers. The farmers are having adequate means for the transportation of the biomass.

Different modes of transport like head load, hand carts, bullock carts, tractors, trucks etc. are

used for the wood transportation. Wood in large quantity is transported either by means of

tractor or trucks. While for transporting small quantity handcarts or bullock carts are used.

3.8.4.1 Bullock Carts

In rural areas, bullock cart has been the most common mode of transport. Although tractor

trolleys have also been adopted but still bullock cart is quite common particularly with the

small and medium farms even now. Farmers usually do not charge for hiring of bullock carts.

3.8.4.2 Tractor Trolleys

All the tractor owners do not own a trolley. As such special four-wheel wagons can be

developed which may carry large quantity of crop residue stalks and wood. One such wagon,

having capacity of 3-5 tones of crop residue stalks and 5-7 tones of wood. This capacity is less

than that of a truck. The initial cost of a wagon and trolley is Rs. 25000 and Rs. 20000

respectively.

3.8.4.3 Trucks


Trucks are not at all common in rural areas for transport of agricultural wastes. However, for

handling large volumes of arhar stalks, the use of trucks may become necessary because of

time factor. These are fast moving vehicles. The capacity of a truck as mentioned above is

about 5-7 tonnes for crop residue stalks and about 8-10 tonnes for Wood.

3.8.5 Storage

Approximate biomass balance for year replicates the biomass is available in surplus in large

quantity only in the month of harvesting. This large surplus biomass quantity has to be stored

and should be used for rest of the year. Hence this biomass has to be procured in these

months and stored.

The following points may be taken into account while planning storage facilities:

• A well-drained site may be chosen.

• Leave at least 40 cms. Space between each stack to ensure proper drainage and

ventilation.

• Plan different storage sites as a safety precaution against the fire. Ample fireguards and

precautions may be taken at each of the site.

• There should be adequate natural ventilation arrangements and no natural shade of any

kind should be near the stacks.

On storage, the ash content increase, volatile matter decrease, fixed carbon increases and no

appreciable change on tone of material. The loss of VM is to be corrected with loss of weight.

3.9 BIOMASS REQUIREMENT:

Biomass Power plant will be operating at a PLF of 90% anf the rice husk requirement will be

108405 MT per annum.

3.10 CATEGORY WISE BIOMASS AVAILABLE:

The category wise biomass available from different sources is shown in the table below

3.25 Category wise availability of Biomass


Biomass Type Residue Biomass Available

Agro Residue

Rice Husk Husk 45330

Forest & other lands

Wood Wood 116586

Grand Total 161916

3.10 AVERAGE COST OF BIOMASS:

The average cost of the biomass is taken as Rs.1500 per ton,as per current rates with annual

escalation of 5%. .


4. PLANT AND EQUIPMENT DESIGN CRITERIA

4.0 GENERAL

This power plant will be using the combustion technology. The basic steps involve, biomass

handling, boiler, turbo generator and evacuation system.

Power generation is having direct bearing on the pressure and superheated temperature of

steam. Normally 67 bar and 490 Deg C, is used for biomass based power plants. Clearly, the

technological improvements can allow us to recover and put to use the energy, which would

otherwise be wasted. In that process, the need for new energy projects can be reduced,

resources can be preserved, and energy costs and environmental damage can be minimized,

and these benefits can be the greatest when abundant renewable biomass is the power

generation fuel. High pressure and high temperature cycles are crucial for increasing the

operating efficiency and the power output from the Biomass Power Plants. The choice of the

level of the pressure and temperature for the cycle depends on the level of confidence in the

plant operators, quality of the feed water and the water treatment systems available and the

cost of the high pressure/ temperature boiler and Turbo generator systems and the financial

benefits realizable from the power plant by way of the sale of the exportable power.

Thermodynamically, energy recovery from the Rankine Cycle is more dependent on the steam

inlet temperature than the pressure and the higher the inlet steam temperature, higher the

cycle efficiency. However, the practically attainable limits of temperatures are influenced by

the metallurgy of the boiler tubing, piping and the turbine components and the complexity of

the Creep fatigue interaction for the materials at higher temperatures.

Temperatures upto 400 0C require the use of ordinary carbon steel and beyond 400 0C low

alloy steels are employed. Above 500 0C, the requirements become stringent and expensive

and above 550 0C, the requirements are very stringent and prohibitively expensive. It is

extremely important that the selection of the temperature is done keeping in mind the nature of

the industry. Considerations such as cost, maintainability, provision of adequate safety

margins, the experience of the industry so far and the level of the operating personnel

available in the industry, force us to a selection of around 485 0C as the practical limit for the

steam temperatures. It is also important to keep in mind that the superheated steam

temperature response is a little erratic, even with a good steam temperature control system,


mainly because of the nature of the fuel and the difficulty to ensure a correctly metered

quantity of fuel flow to the boiler. From this point of view also 485 0C is a safe selection.

Looking from purely the Cycle Efficiency point of view, with the selection of 485 0C as the

steam temperature, the Thermodynamics laws, typical construction of the turbine blading and

the practical extent of steam expansion possible in the turbines, dictate the limits of cycle

pressure. Keeping the above temperature, there is a little thermodynamic efficiency advantage

to be gained by pressures exceeding 67 ata.

The cycle parameters are decided as 64 Ata and 480 0C at the turbine throttle valve inlet.

Correspondingly the boiler outlet parameters shall be 67 Ata and 485 0C, accounting for the

pressure and temperature losses in the piping.

As the proposed power plant will be operating with the boiler outlet steam parameters of 67

Ata and 485 ± 5 0C, a feed water management program will be implemented whereby the

complete feed water requirements of the boiler will be met essentially by the condensate. The

steam Condensate will be available at 450C and will be directly used in the feed water circuit,

although with certain monitoring for certain circuits. The make up for the plant operation will be

demineralized water and a Demineralized water treatment plant of adequate capacity will be

provided.

The boiler being proposed for the biomass power plant, will be with the steam parameters of

67 Ata and 485 ± 5 0C at the boiler outlet. The boiler will be designed with a travelling grate

with electric drive to burn the biomass. The steam to biomass percentage will be achieved with

a minimum efficiency of 80 % with the dried biomass.

The power generation turbine will be a condensing machine. The turbine steam inlet

parameters will be 64 ata and 480 0C. The power plant will be operating for nearly 330 days.

The boiler will be operating on 100 % of each biomass and also in combination of various

biomasses.

The power generation cycle will be provided with a deaerator serving the dual purpose of

deaerating the feed water as well as heating the feed water with the extraction steam. The

deaerator will be operating at 2.7 ata pressure, with the deaerated feed water temperature at

105 0C. The power generation in the turbo generator will be at 11 kV level. The turbo


generator will be operating in parallel with the ASEB Grid. The entire power requirements of

the plant and the power requirements of the auxiliaries amounting to 1 MW(approx) of the

power plant will be met by the power generated in the new turbogenerator. The balance of the

power generated i.e.10 MW in the plant will be exported to the grid.

The exportable power will be stepped up to 132 kV and will be connected to Jagi Road sub-

station 132/11 kV of ASEB located at 1-2 kms distance. Adequate space and transformer

capacities are available at the sub-station, for receiving the exportable quantum of power from

the power plant.

All the plant and systems shall be designed to achieve the best possible efficiency under the

specified operating conditions. The power plant cycle shall be designed with one Deaerator for

feed water heating. The steam requirements of the deaerator shall be met with the extraction

from the turbine & low load PRDS.

The complete plant instrumentation and control system shall be based on Distributed Control

System (DCS) philosophy, covering the total functioning requirements of measuring,

monitoring, alarming and controlling, logging, sequence interlocks and equipment protection

etc.

The ash collection points are, Grate ash from the furnace bottom and fly ash from the Air

Heaters and Electro Static Precipitator hoppers. Ash handling system will have a combination

of submerged scrapper conveyor or pneumatic conveyors. All the ash shall be taken and

stored in bins and disposed off in trucks to be used as landfill or to be used as nutrients to the

fields, or to be disposed of to Brick Kiln Owners.

The optimum arrangement of the equipment shall be determined by the consideration of

functional requirements, economy of equipment supports, installation and maintenance access

requirements.

This section of the report gives the basic criteria for design of the power plant. The design

parameters like the size, layout, ratings, quantities, materials of construction, type of

equipment etc., described in this report are approximate. Necessary changes could occur as

the detailed engineering of the plant progresses, and such changes are permitted as long as

the detailed engineering of the plant achieves the intent of this scheme.


4.1 AMBIENT CONDITIONS

Plant Elevation above Mean Sea Level (MSL) : 262 meters

4.1.1 Temperatures

Maximum day temperature : 37 °C Minimum day temperature : 7 °C Average day temperature : 30 °C Plant design temperature (dry bulb) : 35 °C Plant design wet bulb temperature : 27 °C Plant design temperature for electrical equipment : 45 °C

4.1.2 Relative Humidity

Maximum : 85.0 % Minimum : 45.0 % Plant design relative humidity : 60.0 %

4.1.3 Precipitation

Total Annual Rainfall : 1500 -2600 mm

4.1.4 Wind

Design and velocity : As per IS: 875

4.1.5 Seismic Coefficient

Design : As per IS: 893

4.2 DESIGN AND GUARANTEE FUEL

The design and guarantee fuel for the power plant is rice husk and wood. Detailed availability

is given in Chapter 3.

4.3 RAW WATER

The raw water supply will be from canal / bore wells. The distance of canal from power plant is

2 Kms. This raw water is used as a makeup of the losses in the boiler blow down, cooling

tower blow down, service water etc. The raw water requirement for power plant is 1980 KL per

day. Borewells are to be dug. The raw water will be analyzed.


4.4 MAIN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

4.4.1 Steam Generator & Auxiliaries

The steam generating system for the power plant will use biomass collected from the fields,

sugar industry, and rice mills. Boiler will be designed to fire the biomass like cotton stalks, and

mustard stalks from crops, with a Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR) of 50 tph, with the outlet

steam parameters at 67 Ata and 485°C. The variation on the superheater outlet temperature

shall be ± 5 °C. The combustion system of the boiler shall be travelling grate with spreader

stoker. The boiler efficiency, firing 100% mustard stalks, shall be a minimum of 80.0 % on the

GCV basis. The dust concentration in the flue gases leaving the boiler shall be a maximum of

115 mg/Nm³.

The design of the boiler shall be of bi-drum, natural circulation; radiant furnace with water

cooled membrane walls, two-stage superheater with interstage desuperheater and balanced

draft. The boiler shall be top supported and shall be semi-outdoor type. The boiler shall be

capable of a peak generation of 110% of the MCR generation for a period of one (1) hour in a

shift. The operating excess air percentage at the outlet of the boiler shall be less than 30%.

1) Boiler Feed Water

The boiler shall be capable of operating with the following feed water quality

requirements

pH : 8.8-9.2 Oxygen : 0.005 ppm Hardness : 0 Total Iron : 0.01 ppm Total Copper : 0.01 ppm Total Silica : 0.02 ppm Hydrazine : 0.01-0.02 ppm Specific electrical conductivity : 0.5 micro ohms / cm At 25 °C measured after cation exchanger in the H + form and after CO2 removal (max)

2) Steam Purity

The boiler shall be capable of supplying uninterrupted steam at the MCR rating with

following steam purity levels.

* Total dissolved solids : 0.1 ppm (max) * Silica (max) : 0.02 ppm


3) Performance Guarantee Tests

• Boiler efficiency at MCR on GCV basis while firing mustard stalks.

• Boiler efficiency at MCR on GCV basis while firing cotton stalks.

• Auxiliary power consumption under MCR operating conditions.

• Steam purity for all operating loads.

• Dust concentration in the flue gases leaving the ESP, while firing rice husk.

The boiler will be of multifuel type, with provision to burn individual biomass with

100%. The Stack shall be of RCC construction, 50 mtr high with total internal

refractory brick lining.

4.4.2 Turbo generator & Auxiliaries

The turbo generator shall be a bleed cum condensing machine. The bleed shall be at 2.5 Ata.

The following shall be the salient design parameters. The speed of the turbine shall be approx.

8000 rpm.

Steam flow at the turbine stop valve at turbine MCR (kg/hr) : 50,000 Steam pressure at the turbine stop valve (Ata) : 64 Steam temperature at the turbine stop valve (°C) : 480 Condenser operating pressure (Ata) : 0.1 Condenser cooling water inlet temperature (°C) : 32.0 Power Factor (lagging) : 0.8 Generation voltage (kV) : 11.0 + 10% Ambient temperature for electrical equipment design (°C) : 45.0 Parallel operation with grid : Required with ASEB grid. Grid voltage : 132 kV Duty requirements : Continuous 8000 hrs. Condenser sizing : 30 tph System frequency : 50 ± 5% Hz Atmospheric Conditions : Dusty Maximum noise pressure levels at 1.0 mtr distance for any : 85 dB(A) Equipment from the Equipment surface shall be equal to or Less than db (A)

4.4.3 Performance Guarantee Tests

The performance test shall be conducted for the following parameters as per ASME PTC 6

and DIN 1943.

• Power output at generator terminals with the inlet steam parameters of 64 Ata and 480°C specified power factor and cooling water inlet temperature of 32°C. Both the extractions shall be at the indicated Normal flow conditions.

• Uncontrolled extraction pressure and temperature with the inlet steam parameters of 64 Ata and 480 °C.

• Auxiliary power consumption under guaranteed conditions.


• Cooling water consumption under guaranteed conditions.

• Maximum temperature rise in the generator windings.

• Heat rate under guaranteed conditions.

4.5 AUXILIARY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

4.5.1 Biomass Handling

The fuel for the power plant is a rice husk and wood. There will be one separate bunker for

husk and wood. The fuel from the storage is conveyed to the boiler by a combination of belt

conveyors. The system shall have provision for returning the excess fuel to the storage yard

from the boiler. The fuel handling system shall be designed for a capacity of 16 TPH.

Allowable inclination for the belt conveyors is 18°. The belt speed shall be approximately 1.0

m/sec.

4.5.2 Ash Handling

The ash handling system envisaged for the power plant is of two types:

• Gravity system for fly ash

• Pneumatic System. The ash handling system shall be designed to take care of 100% biomass burning. The total

ash quantity generated in the boiler, by the burning of husk is approximately 1875 kg/hr. This

ash content is maximum, as wood will generate only 280 kgs/hr of ash. Ash removed from the

grate is approximately 750 kg/hr and the fly ash quantity is approximately 1125 kg/hr. The ash

density is 120 kg/m³.

The ash received in the grate discharge hoppers will be around 500°C, with ash lumps of size

200 mm maximum. The ash from ash ridding hopper will be dry and powdery in nature and

occasionally with hot solids. The temperature of the ash will be around 200°C maximum.

The fly ash from Electrostatic Precipitator Hoppers will be dry and powdery in nature and

occasionally with hot solids. The temperature of ash will be around 200°C maximum.

The fly ash from the Air Heater Hopper will be dry and powdery in nature and occasionally with

hot solids. The temperature of the ash will be around 250°C maximum.


4.5.2 Cooling Tower

The cooling tower shall be RCC counter flow induced draft cooling tower of capacity of

1800 m³/hr capacity having two (2) cells. The cooling tower shall be designed for a cooling

range of 8°C, and an approach of 5 °C while operating under the atmospheric wet bulb

temperature of about 27°C. The cooling tower shall be of RCC construction. The RCC frame

of the tower shall be integral with the basin. The structure shall be designed for wind and other

load as per IS: 875 and earthquake resistance as per IS: 1893. The cooling tower shall be

carefully sited such that there is no re-entertainment of the vapors in to the cooling tower.

4.5.3 Pumps

The head/flow characteristic of pumps will be such that the head continuously rises with

decreasing capacity until a maximum head is reached at zero flow. Maximum runout flow

should at least be 130% of duty point flow.

The shut off head should be at least 1.1 times the duty point head and should not be more

than 1.2 times the duty point head.

The power curve should be non-overloading type with the maximum power occurring at or

near duty point or towards maximum runout flow.

NPSHR curve should be a continuously rising one in the range of operation, from the minimum

flow in the range to the maximum flow in the range. Required NPSH values shall not exceed

available values over the entire range from minimum to rated flow.

The efficiency curve should be fairly flat in the range of +1% of the BEP flow. The duty point

of the equipment should preferably lie in this flat region, but not at a flow higher than the BEP

flow.

4.5.4 Condensate System

The condensate from the surface condenser and the condensate from the process plant will

be used to meet the complete feed water requirements of the high-pressure boiler. Under the

normal circumstances the make up water for the cycle will be Demineralized water.


4.5.5 DM Plant

The DM plant shall be designed to have single stream with a capacity of 8 TPH. The DM plant

shall be designed based on the raw water analysis furnished elsewhere in this section of this

report. D.M.Tank capacity shall be 36 m3.

The demineralized water quality at the outlet of the DM plant shall be as follows:

• Hardness (ppm) : 0

• pH @ 25 °C : 8.8-9.2

• Conductivity @ 25°C (microsiemens/cm) : 0.05

• Oxygen (max) (ppm) : 0.005

• Total iron (max) (ppm) : 0.01

• Total copper (max) (ppm) : 0.01

• Total silica (max) (ppm) : 0.02

• Residual Hydrazine (ppm) : 0.01-0.02

The raw water at the inlet of the DM plant will be delivered at a pressure of 3.0kg/cm². The

treated water at the outlet of the DM plant will be delivered at a pressure of 3.0 kg/cm².

All vessels shall be designed with adequate free boards. Only seamless pipe shall be used

wherever rubber lining is done. All fabricated vessels shall be designed according to IS

2825.The regenerants like Hydrochloric acid and Caustic Soda shall be stored in bulk in the

DM plant premises, and pumped to the DM plant for regeneration. Manual handling of the

regenerants shall be avoided to the maximum extent.

Adequately sized neutralizing pit shall be provided near the DM plant for collecting the

discharges from the DM plant and effectively neutralizing the same before pumping the waste

to the plant’s effluent treatment system.

4.5.6 Vessels & Heat Exchangers

The design shall be as per ASME Sec. VIII, HEI & TEMA. All heat exchangers and vessels for

steam application shall be designed for full vacuum conditions. The heat exchangers shall be

provided with startup vent connections. The design shall have provision for complete drainage

on both shell and tube sides. The heat exchangers shall be provided with emergency drains,

Tube & Shell side safety valves, and individual bypasses with manual valves.


A minimum corrosion allowance of 1.6 mm shall be provided. The tube bundle shall be of

removable type. The tube material shall be stainless steel, unless otherwise specified in the

specifications.

4.5.7 Tanks

The power plant tanks will have storage capacities as required by design of the systems.

Tanks will be of the closed top type. Tanks will be fabricated in accordance with guidelines

established by API or AWWA as determined by the service. A corrosion allowance of 1.5 mm

shall be provided.

Overflow connections and lines shall be provided where required and will be atleast one pipe

size larger than the largest input line or combination of inputs that can discharge

simultaneously.

Maintenance drain connections shall be provided of an adequate size to facilitate drainage of

tanks within a reasonable time. Manholes where provided on tanks and pressure vessels shall

be of size 450 NB size. Ladders and cleanout doors shall be provided on large tanks. DM

water tank shall be internally lined with natural rubber or painted with three coats of Epoxy

Coating.

4.5.8 Piping

All piping system shall be designed as per ASME B 31.1. In addition statutory requirements of

Indian Boiler Regulations (IBR) shall be complied with for those lines under the purview of

IBR. Stress analysis shall be carried out for all possible operating modes and shall be as per

ASME B 31.1 requirements. Supports, guides, Directional Restraints and Anchors shall be

selected to satisfy all the operating conditions.

1) Pipe Sizing

All piping shall be sized considering the allowable velocity and allowable pressure

drop in the system. The suggested flow velocities of various mediums are

• Superheated : 40 to 55 m/sec

• Saturated steam : 15 to 30 m/sec

• Boiler feed water Pump suction : < 1 m/sec Pump discharge : 2.5 to 4 m/sec

• Water Pump suction : < 1 m/sec


Pump discharge : 2.5 m/sec

• Condensate Pump suction : 0.6 to 0.7 m/sec Pump discharge : 2.5 m/sec

• Compressed air : 12 to 18 m/sec

• Lube oil Pump suction : 0.3 to 0.4 m/sec Pump discharge : 1.0 m/sec

2) Piping Materials

The piping material selection shall be based on the following recommendations.

• For temperature above 510 °C, SA 335 Gr. P22 shall be used.

• For temperature 400 °C to 510 °C, SA 335 Gr. P11/P12/P22 shall be used.

• For temperature 399 °C and below, SA 106 Gr. B/C or ASTM A-53 seamless steel shall be used.

• All pipe fittings other than those mentioned shall conform to ASTM A 234 standard and dimensions as per ANSI B 16.9 / B 16.28 / B 16.11

• For cooling water, raw water, service water, safety / relief valve exhaust IS: 1239 / IS: 3589 ERW/EFW pipes shall be used.

• For service air applications the piping shall be IS: 1239 Black Medium Class.

• For instrument air applications: Galvanized pipe (Iron Pipe) to IS: 1239 Part I shall be used.

• The fittings for ERW applications shall be as per IS : 1239 Part II.

4.5.9 Insulation

All exposed portion of the plant which operate at temperature of 60°C and above during

normal operation shall be thermally insulated so that the temperature on the outer surface of

the cladding shall not exceed 20°C above ambient, based on an ambient temperature

indicated in site data. The specified insulation thickness shall not include the thickness of wire

netting, finishing cement or any other finishing or weatherproofing application. Insulation shall

not fill the contours of the expansion bellows. Piping and equipment that are not insulated but

having a surface temperature exceeding 50°C shall be insulated for personnel protection.

In refractory walls suitable expansion gaps shall be provided at regular intervals.

4.6 Civil & Structural

The reinforced concrete structures shall be designed in accordance with the latest version of

IS: 456, “Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete”. The structural steel design shall

be as per IS: 800. The design wind speed and seismicity shall be in accordance with IS: 875

and IS: 1893 respectively.


The structures shall be designed to withstand the calculated dead loads, live loads, along with

the wind and seismic loads in appropriate combinations recommended by the Codes. The

minimum dead and live loads for the design of the platforms and walkways shall be 500 kg/m².

Structural steel shapes, plates and other structural materials shall conform to IS: 800, with a

minimum yield strength of 25 kg/mm² the connection bolts shall conform to IS: 1367.

Welding electrodes shall be as per AWS. HYSD reinforcement steel bars shall conform to IS:

1786. All structural steel (IS 2062) and MS members will be painted with two coats of red

oxide zinc chromate paint and two coats of synthetic enamel paint.

All foundations shall be of the spread footing or mat type. Soil bearing capacity shall be 18

t/m² at 2 to 2.5 meter depth and settlement shall be 25 mm at a depth of 2.0 m below ground

level. The above soil bearing capacity shall be verified by soil investigation before final design.

The site is assumed to be relatively flat, requiring minimal grading and leveling (leveling and

grading upto ± 0.5 m). No major grading / leveling work is envisaged.

All excavation work shall be done by conventional manual methods or by mechanical

equipment method (wherever required). For substructures and superstructures ordinary

Portland cement (grade 43) will be used. Grade of concrete for steam turbogenerator

foundations shall be M-25 and all other foundations / pedestals / buildings etc. shall be of M-

20.

4.7 Electrical System

All equipment for the power plant shall be designed for satisfactory operation for a lifetime of

minimum 30 years under specified site conditions. All equipments shall be suitable for rated

voltage of ± 10% and frequency of 50 Hz with ± 5% variation and 10% (absolute sum)

combined voltage and frequency variation.

The generator shall be of synchronous type with brushless excitation system and shall be

designed for rated voltage and frequency of 11 kV and 50 Hz, with corresponding variations of

± 10% and ± 5% respectively. The generator shall have closed circuit air-cooled system with

external water circuit (CACW cooling) and the windings shall have class ‘F’ insulation, with

temperature rise limited to class ‘B’ insulation limits, under specified cooling water and

ambient air temperatures.


Auxiliaries of the power plant shall be connected to the 415 V level, by providing one (1)

number 1.25 MVA, 11 / 0.433 kV distribution transformer. The surplus power from the power

plant, after feeding the in-house loads(10MW), shall be exported to the ASEB grid by stepping

up the power to 132 kV, through one number 12.5 MVA. 11/132 kV generator transformer.

Transmission system for 132 kV with necessary tariff metering and other terminal equipment

shall be arranged between the plant and the ASEB’s substation at Jagi Road.

It is envisaged to start up the power plant unit by installing 2x500 kVA DG sets.

Once the power plant is ready to take-up the loads, the TG set will be momentarily

synchronized with the DG set to avoid interruption of supply to the power plant auxiliary loads

and then the TG will be synchronized with the grid through 12.5 MVA 132 / 11 kV transformer.

The nominal voltage of main DC system for protection and control systems, turbine

emergency oil pumps and emergency lighting shall be 110 V.

UPS system with rated voltage of 220 V AC shall be envisaged, for meeting UPS power

requirements of the plant DCS and other instrumentation / control loads, emergency lube oil

pump.

All equipment shall comply with the applicable provisions of relevant IS/IEC/IEEE standards,

as listed elsewhere in this document.

1. Breakers for various systems shall be as below:

• 132 kV breaker : SF6 circuit breaker

• 11 kV breaker : VCB / SF6 CB

• 415 V breakers : Air break circuit breaker

All connections at 11 kV (between 11 kV switchgear and generator / generator

transformer / distribution transformer) shall be carried out through 11 kV, UE grade,

armored, XLPE insulated cables. Connection between secondary of the distribution

transformer and the PCC / Panels shall be through non-segregated phase bus-duct,

with electrolytic grade aluminum bus-bars and aluminum alloy enclosure. All other LT

connections (power as well as control) shall be with PVC insulated, armored,

aluminum / copper cables.


2. Sizing of cables shall be as follows:

Cables shall be selected to limit the maximum voltage drop at equipment terminals,

during normal operation and starting conditions, to be well within permissible values.

Cables in circuits controlled by circuit breakers shall be capable of withstanding the

maximum system fault currents till that breaker open by main protection. Fuse

protected cables shall withstand maximum let through fault current for fuse operating

time. 11 kV grade cables shall be suitable for carrying maximum earth fault current of

the 11 kV system for 3 sec.

Current rating of the cables shall be assigned considering continuous conductor

temperature of not more than 70°C for PVC and 90°C for XLPE. Cables should also

be sized to carry system fault current for the duration specified in above without

exceeding the temperature limit of 160°C for PVC and 250 °C for XLPE.

For 415 V system, ACBs shall be provided for rating 800A and above, and fuse switch

/ switch fuse unit shall be provided for lesser ratings. Motor feeders shall have fuse

switch / switch fuse units, over load relays and air-break contactors. Motor of rating

above 37 kW shall be provided with star-delta starters, depending on application, and

shall be provided with static motor protection relays.

Motor for auxiliaries shall be of three-phase induction squirrel cage type except for fan

motors, which can be of slip-ring type for ratings above 90 kW. All motors shall have

class ‘F’ insulation, with temperature rise limited to class ‘B’ limits under specified

ambient and voltage frequency conditions.

4.7.1 Fault Level

All equipment shall be designed to withstand the maximum fault, under voltage variation of ±

10%, 25 kA for 3 sec in 33 kV & 11kV systems and 50 kA for 1 sec in 415 V system.

Distribution transformer and all accessories shall be capable of withstanding for two seconds

without damage during any external short circuit at the terminal.

All switchgears, MCC & Distribution Boards shall be capable of withstanding the maximum

fault currents that may arise, duly considering the maximum fault levels on high voltage

system, negative tolerance on transformer impedance and maximum possible motor


contribution for maximum possible fault clearing time on ultimate backup protection but not

lower than one second in any case.

4.7.2 Degree of Protection

• 11 kV Switchgear : IP42

• LT Switchgear : IP52

• Switchgear located outdoors : IP52

• LT busduct enclosure : IP52 (in the indoor portion) IP55 (in the outdoor portion)

• Control panel : IP42 (in air-conditioned area) IP52 (in other area)

• Push button stations : IP54 (indoor) IP55 (outdoor)

• Synchronous generator : IP54

• Induction motors : IP54 (indoor) IP55 (outdoors)

4.7.3 Neutral Grounding

11 kV system neutral earthling shall be low resistance earthed type to limit the earth fault

current to 70 A, which shall be earthed by providing neutral grounding resistor of the neutral of

the generator.

All 415 V transformer neutrals and 132 kV transformer neutral shall be solidly earthed through

bolted links.

The system shall be compatible for accepting / sending signals from / to DCS. Winding,

bearing and cooling circuit (where applicable) RTDs shall be hooked up to DCS for signal

processing and necessary trippings shall be arranged from DCS, for tripping of the

corresponding motor.

Signals from all transformers for winding temperatures, oil temperatures, oil level gauges,

buchholz relay outputs for alarm and trippings shall be brought to DCS.

Status (ON/OFF/TRIP) of all breakers, LT breakers in PCCs and all motor feeders shall be

brought to DCS, for plant monitoring. Control of motor feeders, as per system requirement,

shall also be arranged for control from the DCS system.

4.8 INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL SYSTEM

The plant’s Instrumentation and Control system, based on Distributed Control System

philosophy, will be designed to provide monitoring and control capabilities to ensure safe and


reliable operation, minimize operator manual actions and alert operators to any conditions or

situations requiring manual intervention in a timely manner. The control functions shall be

backed-up by interlocks and safety systems, which cause pre-planned actions in case where

unsafe conditions develop faster than controls or the operator can be, expected to respond. All

I& C equipment will be of proven design and will be selected to achieve highest level of plant

availability and facilitate equipment maintenance.

All field control elements for modulating controls will have actuators of pneumatic type.

Signals from various process parameters are electrical signals generated by field mounted

electronic transmitters. The above signals are processed in the DCS cabinets to produce

electrical signal output of 4-20 mA, DC, which will be converted to control pneumatic signal of

0.2-1.0 kg/cm²(g), through E/P converters to operate the pneumatic actuators. All computation

and signal conditioning and control function generation will be configured in the DCS.


5. DESCRIPTION OF THE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS IN THE POWER PLANT

5.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The proposed power system will consist of 1 no. High-pressure boiler of capacity,50 TPH, 67

ata 4850 C and 1 no. Bleed cum condensing steam turbine of nominal capacity 11 MW. The

steam pressure at the inlet of the turbine will be 64 ata and temperature 480 0C.

Apart from the boiler and turbogenerator, the power plant will consist of fuel handling system,

boiler feed water system, cooling water system, electrical system, power evacuation system,

control system, utilities like compressed air system, ash handling system, fire protection

system etc.,

5.1 BOILER SYSTEM

5.1.1 Boiler

The boiler will be designed for firing biomass like rice husk, and wood. The super heater outlet

steam will have a pressure of 67 ata and a temperature of 485 0C. The boiler will be designed

for outdoor installation. The boiler will have sub systems like pressure parts, feeding system,

firing system, draft system, feed water system, ESP and chimney.

5.1.2 Pressure parts

The boiler pressure part consists of a water-cooled furnace, boiler bank, steam and water

drums, primary and secondary superheaters, economizer, risers and down comers.

Basically the boiler will be a radiant furnace, Bi-Drum, natural circulation, semi outdoor type

with two-stage superheater. The boiler shall be designed with water cooled membrane / fin

welded walls and the refractory work shall be kept to the barest minimum possible.

No header shall be placed in the flue gas path. All headers in the boiler will have flat end

covers. A minimum of two hand holes for the purpose of cleaning and inspection shall be

provided, for each of the headers, either on the end covers or on the body of the headers.

The boiler will preferably be top supported with adequate provisions for the thermal expansion

of the boiler in all directions.


The boiler will be provided with one steam and one water drum and drums will be of fusion

welded type. Both the drums will be provided with Semi-Ellipsoidal dished ends fitted with 320

x 420 mm elliptical manways at either end. The manway doors will be arranged to open

inwards. The drum shell, dished ends and the manway doors will conform to SA 515 Gr. 70 or

equivalent material specification.

The steam drum will be liberally sized to assure low steam space loading, with adequate

space to accommodate the internals. The drum design pressure will have a minimum margin

of 6% over drum operating pressure.

The steam drum shall be provided with internals of proven design, shall be bolted type, and of

size that will enable removal through the manways. The system of internals consisting of the

primary and secondary separators will ensure steam of highest purity with dissolved silica

carry over limited to a maximum of 0.02 ppm, at all loads of the boiler. All the components of

the internals, except the dryer screens, shall be carbon steel and the dryer shall be of 304

stainless steel.

The necessary nozzle connections for the following, but not limited to, steam outlets, safety

valves, feed water inlets, continuous blow down, level indicators, chemical feeding, vents and

drains, sampling connections, down comers will be provided on the drums as applicable. All

nozzle connections on the drums will be of welded type and the feed water inlet will be

provided with a suitably designed thermal sleeve.

The necessary drum suspension / support arrangements shall be provided.

1) Furnace – Water wall System

The Furnace envelope will be constructed of fully water-cooled membrane / fin welded walls

and adequately supported. The construction will be fully gas pressure tight, and the furnace

will be strengthened by providing buckstay and tie-bar system.

Necessary provisions will be made in the furnace for admitting the required quantity of over-

fire air at various levels.

Adequate number of inlet and outlet headers, with the necessary stubs, commensurate with

the arrangement of the furnace will be provided. The down-comers supply pipes and relief

tube sizing will be based on the circulation calculations.


2) Bank Tubes

The bank design will be of inline arrangement and the tube spacing will enable easy removal

of the tubes in case of any failure. The bank tubes will be expanded into both the top and the

bottom drums, and the tubes after expansion will be bell mouthed. There will be adequate

approach space to the tubes of the bank for maintenance.

Adequate number of soot blowers will be provided to cover the maximum surface area of the

bank. The flue gas velocity in the bank area will be restricted to a maximum of 15 meter/sec.

3) Superheater System

The super heater (SH) system will be of Two (2) stage design with interstage desuperheating

to achieve the rated steam temperature over 60 to 100% load range. The superheater will be

of convection or a combination of convection and radiation type arranged to give the minimum

metal temperature. The superheater pressure drop, the inlet and outlet header sizing,

arrangement and sizing of their respective inlet and take off connections will be so as to give

minimum unbalance and the tube element material selection will be based on the actual metal

temperature calculations.

4) Attemperator System

The spray type attemperator system to control the temperature of the final superheater outlet

steam temperature within the specified value will be provided in between the two stages of the

superheaters.

The desuperheating system will be complete with all required control valve, bypass, piping and

supports, etc.

5) Economizer

The Economizer will be located immediately downstream of the boiler bank. The design will be

of bare tube construction with inline, counter flow, and drainable arrangement.

The economizer will be designed for an inlet feed water temperature of 105°C. The coil

arrangement will take care of proper calculated end gaps to avert gas bypassing and the

consequent erosion of the element tubes. Tubes will be of seamless type.


5.1.3 Air Heater

The Air heater will be arranged as the last heat recovery section downstream of the

economizer. The Air heater will be recuperative type with flue gas flowing inside the tubes and

the combustion air flowing over the tubes. The air heater will be arranged with the tubes in the

vertical direction. The tubes except those required for staying purposes would be expanded

into the tube sheets on both ends.

The air heater arrangement will provide for adequate access for replacing the tubes.

Considering the high moisture in the flue gases, suitable precautions should be taken to

prevent the tube corrosion at the air inlet side of the air heater. If the air heater is designed

with more than a single pass in the airside suitable guide vanes will be incorporated in the

connecting ducting to prevent stratification. The Low Temperature bank of the Air-preheater

will be designed to prevent corrosion and the cold end material of the air heater tubes will be

Corten Steel.

5.1.4 Soot Blowing System

The boiler will be provided with a complete system of soot blowers to effectively dislodge

deposits from the heat transfer areas. The soot blowers will be motor operated with steam,

taken from the outlet of Superheater First stage, as the cleaning medium.

5.1.5 Fuel Firing System

The boiler will be designed for firing 100 % biomass. The layout of the fuel feeding systems

will be such that each system is accessible and maintainable. All feeders and distributors will

have independent drive arrangement.

1) Fuel Feeding System

This power plant will be having a separate fuel handling system. The fuel feeding

system includes rack and pinion isolation gates, fuel storage silos with a capacity of

atleast for 60 minutes of MCR requirements. The excess fuel in the slat conveyor will

be returned to the storage yard through the return conveyor. The fuel input to the

boiler will be regulated by the feeding system.


The fuel feeding system in addition to the storage silo will consist of inlet chutes,

feeders, feed chutes and the distributor.

The fuel distributor will be pneumatic with provision to distribute the fuel uniformly

across the furnace. The distributor will have provision for onload adjustment of the

throw of the fuel. The distributor parts facing the radiation from the furnace will be of

AISI 310 type stainless steel. The number of feeder and distributor will be decided

based on the distributor capacity and the width of the furnace.

2) Firing System

The firing system will consist of a spreader stoker with continuous ash discharge

travelling grate with variable speed drive. The drive system will have overload

protection.

5.1.6 Draft System

The draft system for the boiler will be suitable for producing a balanced draft with sub-

atmospheric pressure conditions in the furnace.

The boiler will have one (1) x 100% capacity Induced Draft Fans, One (1) x 100% capacity

Forced Draft Fans and one (1) x 100% capacity Hot Secondary Air Fans making up the

complete draft system for the boiler.

1) Forced Draft Fan

The forced draft fan will be a constant speed, horizontal, radial, backward curved

blades, drive motor with suitable starter. The fan flow control will be with inlet guide

vanes through servomechanism incorporating suitable linkages and power cylinder

housed suitably to prevent settlement of dust on links.

2) Induced Draft Fan

The Induced draft fan will be horizontal, radial, with backward curved blades. The fan

flow control will be with inlet guide vanes / inlet damper through servomechanism

incorporating suitable linkages and power cylinder. IGV/damper operating links/drives

should be housed suitably to avoid settlement of dust or links. The fan will be driven

by a motor drive with a suitable starter. The fan speed will not exceed 1000 RPM. The


fan will be supplied complete with motor, common base plate for motor and fan,

coupling, etc.

The fan shaft will be of simply supported design and the minimum thickness of the

plates used in the construction of the fan will be 8 mm. The impeller will be hard faced

to avoid erosion of the impeller blades. The fan design temperature will be 200°C.

3) Secondary Air Fan

The Secondary air fan will be constant speed, horizontal, radial, backward curved and

electric motor driven. The fan flow control will be with inlet guide vanes with pneumatic

cylinder for operation from control room. The fan will be direct driven, with speed not

exceeding 1440 RPM and will be complete with motor, common base plate for fan and

motor, coupling, etc. The fan shaft will be of simply supported design and the

minimum thickness of plate used in the fan will be 6 mm. This fan will handle hot air

and will take suction from the air heater outlet duct.

5.1.7 Ducting System

All ducts will be rectangular in cross section and will be of welded construction, properly

stiffened. All the air ducts will be fabricated from steel plates of minimum 5 mm thick, and all

flue ducts will be of minimum 6 mm thick. The duct plate material will conform to IS 2062.

Carbon steel plates will not be used for ducting system if the operating temperature of flue gas

exceeds 425°C. The duct corners will be stitch welded internally and full welded on the

outside.

All ducts will be suitably stiffened and reinforced on the outside and designed to withstand the

pressures encountered. Ducts will be sized considering a maximum velocity of 18 m/sec for

hot air and flue gases and 12 m/sec for cold air. The duct design consideration will include the

operating internal pressure, medium temperature, dead loads, ash loads, live loads, seismic

loads, expansion joint reaction etc.

Dampers, in the ducting system, will be provided as required, for the proper operation of the

boiler. All dampers will be of the `louver’ or butterfly type with the necessary frames, shafts,

blades, bearings, linkages, seals etc.

All fans will be provided with isolation dampers at the discharge ends for online maintenance.


5.1.8 Chemical Dosing System

The boiler will be provided with a tri-sodium phosphate based high pressure (HP) dosing

system and a hydrazine and ammonia based Low Pressure (LP) dosing system. The HP

dosing system will continuously add the chemicals to the boiler water and to maintain the

phosphate reserve and to increase the boiler water pH.

The LP dosing is done to the feed water preferably in the deaerator storage tank to scavenge

the traces of oxygen and to increase the feed water pH.

5.1.9 Electro Static Precipitator

The boiler will be equipped with an Electro Static Precipitator, which will remove the dust and

ash particles from the flue gas, before the ID fan could handle it. The efficiency of the

precipitator will be 98% and the dust concentration at the outlet of the ESP will be 115

mg/Nm3.

5.1.10 Chimney

The reinforced concrete chimney will be constructed to exhaust the flue gas to the

atmosphere. The size and height of the chimney will be to suit the gas flow and the local

pollution control norms.

5.1.11 Fuel Handling System

Fuel from the yard will be reclaimed through dozers / front end loaders and will be fed on to

the ground conveyor (BC1). The conveyor BC1 will discharge the fuel on to the conveyor BC2

that subsequently will deliver the fuel on to the slat conveyor SC1. From SC1, the fuel will be

fed to the boiler. The excess fuel will fall on to the conveyor BC3 and taken to the yard.

5.1.12 Ash Handling System

The ash handling system is provided for the ash collected from the following region:

* Travelling grate hopper * Plenum chamber * Air heater hopper * ESP hoppers


The ash collected in the plenum chamber is extracted by rotary valves and conveyed to a silo

by pneumatic conveyor system.

The ash collected from the air heater and ESP hoppers will be transported to Ash Silo by

rotary valves and pneumatic conveyor.

5.2 TURBO-GENERATOR SYSTEM

5.2.1 Steam Turbine

The proposed power plant will be with one 11 MW turbogenerator. The turbine will be a bleed

cum condensing type and running at a high speed. The generator speed will be 1500 rpm.

Hence, the turbine will be coupled with the generator through a reduction gear unit.

Steam is admitted into the turbine through an emergency stop valve actuated by hydraulic

cylinders. The turbine speed is controlled by an electronic governing system. The turbine

exhaust pressure will be 0.1 ata.

The turbine will be preferably single cylinder, single exhaust, bleed condensing type. All casing

will be horizontally split and the design will be such as to permit examination of the blading

without disturbing shaft alignment or causing damage to the blades.

The design of the casing and the supports will be such as to permit free thermal expansion in

all directions. The blading will be designed to withstand all vibrations, thermal shocks, and

other loading that may be experienced during service and system disturbances. The blades

will be machined from forged bars or die forged and the materials used will be chromium

steels consistent with proven experience and standards.

The glands will preferably of labyrinth type and sealed with it. A vacuum system required by

the design will be provided. All piping and components of shaft seal and vacuum system will

be sized for 300 percent of the calculated leakage. Steam leaving the glands will be

condensed in seal steam condenser. It will be possible to inspect and replace the end seals

without opening the casing and without damaging the thermal insulation.

1) Bearings

The Turbine will be provided with liberally rated hydrodynamic radial and thrust

bearings. The radial bearings will be split for ease of assembly, and of the sleeve or


pad type, with steel shell backed, babbitted replaceable pads. These bearings will be

equipped with anti-rotation pins and will be positively secured in the axial direction.

The thrust bearings will be of the steel backed babbitted multiple segment type,

designed for equal thrust capacity in both directions.

A liberal flow of lube oil under pressure will be supplied to all the bearings for

lubrication and cooling.

2) Lubrication and control oil system

A pressure lubrication and control oil system will be furnished for the turbo generator

unit to supply oil at the required pressure to the steam turbine, gearbox, generator and

governing system. Oil in the reservoir will be maintained at an appropriate

temperature when the TG set is idle by providing suitable electric heaters and

temperature controls.

The oil system will include the following:

• Main oil pump preferably driven by the turbine shaft.

• A 100% capacity AC motor driven auxiliary oil pump arranged to cut in automatically if the oil pressure falls to a preset value. This pump will also meet the requirements during the start up and shutdown.

• A D.C. motor driven emergency oil pump of sufficient capacity to provide adequate lubrication in the event of a failure of the unit AC motor driven pump. This pump also will cut in automatically at a pre set value of the oil pressure.

• Two 100% duty oil filters arranged in such a way by means of transfer valves that it is possible to clean one oil filter while the other is in service with continuous flow.

• Duplex 100% capacity oil coolers with changeover valves.

• An accumulator to maintain sufficient oil pressure, during servo control transients and while standby pump accelerates from idling to full speed.

• Oil storage and settling tank with adequate reservoir capacity, duplicate strainers, level indicators with float switches and alarm contacts, vent and oil mist eliminators.

• Flow and temperature indication for outlet oil from bearings and bearing metal temperature indication for all bearings.

• Centrifugal oil purifier.

3) Oil coolers

The oil coolers will be water-cooled with a duplicate arrangement and changeover

valves. The coolers will be of shell and tube type.


The coolers will be constructed in accordance with TEMA class C. The provided

surface area will be adequate to cool the oil with Inlet cooling water temperature at 35

°C even with 20% of the tubes plugged.

4) Filters

Full flow oil filters will be used downstream of the coolers and will be piped in a

parallel arrangement with a continuous flow transfer valve. Filtration will be 10

microns nominal. Filter cartridges will be designed for minimum pressure drop and

suitable for maximum discharge pressure of the oil pumps.

5) Oil reservoir

The interior of oil reservoirs will be descaled and rust proofed with a permanent

coating. Reservoirs with top mounted equipment will have sufficient rigidity. All

openings for piping will be made dust and waterproof.

6) Oil purifier

A centrifugal type oil purifier will be provided for the removal of water, sediments and

other oxidation products. The purifier will be a separate complete package.

7) Steam Turbine Governing System

The turbine governing system will be electro-hydraulic or electronic designed for high

accuracy, speedy and sensitive response. The electrical/electronic and hydraulic

component of the control system will be selected on the basis of reliability over a wide

range of operating conditions.

All components used will be well proven to assure overall system reliability and will be

designed for easy and quick replacement when necessary. The governor will ensure

controlled acceleration of the turbo generator and will prevent overspeed without

tripping the unit under any operating conditions including the event of maximum load

rejection.

The governor will also ensure that the unit does not trip in the event of sudden

frequency fluctuation in the grid and also sudden grid failure / load through off.


The governor will have linear droop characteristics with a suitable range for stable

operation and will have provision for adjusting the droop in fine steps.

The governing system will have the following important functions:

• Speed control

• Overspeed control

• Load control and speeder gear.

• Steam pressure control

• Master trip for Low Steam Pressure, Low Vacuum, High Vibration, eccentricity, over speed, Differential Expansion etc.

8) Condenser

The condenser will be of non-contact surface type condenser designed as per the

requirements of Heat Exchange Institute Standards for Steam Surface Condensers

and ASME Section VIII division 1. Condenser shell shall be cylindrical made of steel

plate and tubes shall be 19 mm O.D. and 18 BWG admiralty brass. Heat transfer

surface shall have 10% margin for tube plugging over and above fouling factor.

The condenser will be sized to condense the maximum quantity of exhaust steam (i.e.

when the extraction is minimum) with the inlet cooling water temperature at 32°C upto

a maximum of 40°C. (with part load operation).

The condenser design and supply will be complete with the neck, expansion joint,

condensing chamber and tubes, tube sheets, hot well, water boxes, water side, valve,

air removal system and accessories, rupture disc, Teflon padded sliding support,

bolted and hinged water box cover at front and back.

The condenser neck will be suitably designed to reduce the inlet steam velocity to

ensure low-pressure drop and to protect the tubes from impingement of steam.

The condenser will be adequately designed for the external pressure; stiffeners and

bracing wherever required would be provided.

The tubes will be provided with supports to eliminate any serious tube vibration

problems and sagging. The tubes will be expanded into the tube sheets at both the

ends and flared.


The condenser neck will be connected to the turbine exhaust hood with a properly

designed stainless steel expansion bellow which allows free expansion of the

condenser unit without exerting undue thrust on the turbine exhaust hood and

facilitate independent supporting of the condenser on the foundations without

resorting to springs. Manholes will be provided for facilitating inspection of tubes both

at steam and watersides.

The hot well at the condenser bottom will have a minimum capacity of 2 minutes

storage while handling maximum quantity of exhaust steam.

The hot well will be provided with level gauges and connections for condensate

extraction and drain. A suitably designed level control system will be provided, with

provision for alarm tripping etc.

The condenser will be of divided water box design, and the water boxes will provide

easy accessibility to the tubes. It will be possible to clean one section of the tubes with

the condenser load suitably reduced. The circulating water inlet and outlet

connections will be of adequate size to reduce the waterside pressure drop to the

minimum.

The water boxes will be coated with epoxy resin, internally to prevent corrosion from

the cooling water and will be provided with sacrificial anodes.

9) Condenser Air Removal Equipment

One steam operated hogging ejector of single stage will be furnished for the initial

pulling of the vacuum in the system. The capacity will be so as to reach 80 – 90 %

vacuum in 20 minutes time.

Hogging Ejector will be, without any condenser, discharging to the atmosphere

through a suitably designed silencer.

2 x 100% steam operated main ejectors of two-stage twin element type with inter and

after condensers will be provided.


10) Condensate Extraction Pumps

Two numbers 100% capacity condensate extraction pumps to pump the condensate

from the condenser hot well will be provided.

Both the pumps will be driven by electric motors and the flow will be controlled by

discharge throttling.

The pumps will be of centrifugal, horizontal, single stage type and will be supplied

complete with all valves, inlet and discharge piping with manifolds.

11) Gear Box

The reduction gearbox, if required, between the turbine and the generator will be of

proven design preferably of double helical arrangement with service factor of 1.2

It will be capable of transmitting the maximum rating of the set and be able to

withstand 20% over speed over a period of minimum five minutes. The gearbox will

also be designed for the short circuit condition of the generator.

All bearings of the gearbox will be readily renewable and it will be possible to inspect

the bearings and the gears readily without disturbing the shaft alignment.

Illuminated sight glasses will be provided to inspect the lube oil drain from each

individual bearing. The gearbox design will be as per the requirements of AGMA.

5.3 COOLING WATER SYSTEM

The cooling water is used in the surface condenser for condensing the steam, turbine

auxiliaries for cooling, boiler auxiliaries like feed pump, ID fan etc., for bearing and gland

cooling.

The cooling water after cooling the equipment will be cooled, so that the same water can be

reused again. For this purpose, a wet cooling tower of induced draft type will be used. The

cooling medium in the condenser will be raw water. The cooling water temperature rise in the

systems will be limited to 10 Deg C. The hot return water will be distributed uniformly over the

cells of the cooling tower.


The raw water from the Canal/ Borewells will be pumped to the cooling towers after suitable

treatment, which will cool the cooling water. For this purpose, two nos (2 x 100%) pumps of

100% capacity each will be provided. The raw water will be stored in a raw water reservoir.

The water will be pumped to the cooling tower fore bay. The water from the fore bay will then

flow to the suction of the cooling water pumps. The cooling water pumps will have the head to

meet the pressure drop in the entire circuit. The cooling water will also be taken to the

turbogenerator, boiler area etc., through pipes of adequate size.

Isolation valves of type gate / butterfly will be provided at different locations, for easy

maintenance. Similarly suitable expansion joints will be provided in the piping, to facilitate

dismantling and also to take care of the misalignments / thermal expansion of the pipes.

The water in the cooling tower basin is prone for algae growth. If algae grow in the cooling

tower water, it will affect the equipment, which are cooled by the cooling water. To prevent the

growth of algae chlorine will be dosed in the water at appropriate quantity. To maintain the salt

concentration in cooling water to acceptable limits, blow down will be given periodically.

5.4 CHLORINATION SYSTEM

The Chlorination system will have two vacuum feed chlorinators, with one as standby. Each

chlorinator will be connected independently to individual evaporators, which in turn be

connected to two chlorine containers. The water for the Chlorination system will be supplied

from the auxiliary cooling tower pump discharge header. The capacity of chlorinators will be

base on a maximum dosing rate of five ppm on the total rate of main and auxiliary cooling

water systems.

5.5 CONDENSATE WATER SYSTEM

The condensate from the surface condenser will be collected in the hotwell. The condensate

will be pumped to a condensate tank by two condensate extraction pumps (CEP). One of the

pumps will be working and other serving as stand by.

The dissolved gases like oxygen etc., present in the condensate, when heated to the

saturation temperature, will dissociate from the condensate and will be vented out. Traces of

oxygen will be removed by dosing hydrazine solution. The make up water for the system will


be DM water. The deaerator will have a storage tank with capacity equivalent to 20 minutes

MCR requirements of the boilers.

The feed water from the deaerator storage tank will be pumped to the economizer by one feed

water pump with one 100% stand by, each of capacity 40 m3/hr.

5.6 Pressure reducing and Desuperheating stations:

One No. PRDS with manual by pass will be provided for supply of low-pressure steam-to-

steam Jet Air Ejector and Turbine glands. One No. Separate PRDS with manual by pass will

be provided for supply of start up steam and pegging steam to deaerator. Pegging steam will

be automatically cut in when pressure of extraction steam from turbine drops below required

pressure.

5.7 DM WATER PLANT

The DM water, which will be used as the make up water, will be produced in the DM Plant.

The capacity of the plant proposed is 8 m3/hr. The DM plant will consist of sand filters,

activated carbon filters, anion and cation exchangers, degasser and mixed bed exchangers.

Two raw water pumps will pump the raw water. The regeneration of the DM plant will be 8

hrs/day. The DM water from this plant will be stored in a Storage tank of adequate capacity.

The acids and alkali required for the regeneration will be sufficiently provided in the plant. The

effluent from the DM plant will be neutralized in a neutralization pit. The outlet water from the

neutralization pit will have a pH of 7.0.

5.8 SERVICE WATER AND POTABLE WATER

The service water is required for general wash, gardening, toilets etc., and the potable water

required for the power plant will be taken from the outlet of the activated carbon filter in the DM

plant.

5.9 CRANES AND HOISTS

Cranes, hoists and monorails will be provided in the following areas of power plant for

maintenance purposes.

Hand operated overhead travelling crane in the turbo-alternator building. Monorails with hoists

for handling boiler feed water pumps located under the deaerator structure, Monorails with


hoists for handling impellers and motors of ID fans. Monorails with hoists for handling

impellers and motors of FD/SA fans. Monorails with hoists for handling condenser

components.

The TG building would be provided with a hand operated overhead travelling crane of 15 / 5

tones capacity and about 16mts span for maintenance of all equipment in the TG building. The

capacity would be adequate to handle all equipment / component in the TG building including

the generator stator which is the heaviest equipment to be handled. The auxiliary hook would

handle the smaller components in the TG building such as lube oil coolers, ejectors, gland

steam condenser and ejector condenser. This crane will be hand operated.

5.10 COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM

Instrument air is required for various pneumatically operated control valves in the boiler and

TG systems. The air is required to be supplied at a pressure of 5 to 6 Kg/cm2 (g) at the various

consumption points. Instrument air from the air compressors will be dried by heatless air drier

making use of the hot air from compressor for regeneration of the drier medium (desiccant).

Service air is required for cleaning of various areas of the plant. Accordingly, the service air

connections are proposed to be provided in the Boiler area, TG building, workshop, DM Plant

etc.

Considering the quantity of air required for the power plant, two (2) air compressors will be

required. These compressors will supply the instrument air and the required service air.

Compressors will be of non-lubricated type.

5.11 AIR-CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION SYSTEM

The following areas in the power plant will be air-conditioned.

- The main control room housing the control panels of boiler and TG, switchyard control

panels and auxiliary panel room housing the associated system cabinets. - Instrument maintenance room

The above areas will be air-conditioned using window type/spilt type air conditioners. The

capacity of the air conditioning units will be decided based on the area of the room and heat

load dissipated in the room.


The following mechanical ventilation systems are proposed to be provided for various

buildings/rooms in the power plant.

- Two (2) axial type power roof ventilation of adequate capacity each for the TG

building. - Two (2) centrifugal type supply air fans of adequate capacity for the switch gear room,

battery room etc., - Suitable number of propeller type exhaust fans in the water pump house, DM Plant,

filtration plant, workshop and stores. 5.12 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

The following systems of fire protection are proposed to be provided for the power plant:

- Hydrant system for the entire plant. - High velocity water spray (HVWS) system for transformers and lube oil tanks. - Carbon dioxide flooding system for the generator of the steam turbine. - Portable fire extinguishers.

The fire protection will basically comply with the Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC)

requirements, enabling rebate in the insurance premium rate.

5.12.1 Reserve Storage

Reserve storage of 350 m3 will be provided in the raw water storage tank with a suitable

partition to cater to the water requirements of the fire protection system. In view of the above,

pump house elevation will also be suitably lowered at the location of the fire water pumps as

compared to the floor elevation at the location of the raw water pumps.

5.12.2 Hydrant System

The hydrant system will comprise the following:

- One motor driven and one diesel engine driven firewater pump. These pumps will take

the suction from the water storage tank. As per TAC regulations, the above hydrant pump capacity will be adequate to cater to the total number of Hydrants provided in the plant.

- Two motor driven jockey pumps (one working and one stand by) each of 10 cum./hr capacity will be provided to keep both the hydrant and HVWS system mains pressurized. These pumps will also take suction from the raw water tank.

- External fire hydrants in all areas of the power plant including boilers, TG, DM Plant, control building, switch yard, canteen, stores, and workshop and administration buildings.


- Internal fire hydrants in all storied buildings and structures such as Boiler platforms, TG building, canteen and administration building.

5.12.3 High Velocity Water Spray System

The HVWS system is proposed to be provided for the transformers and the steam turbine lube

oil tank. Water supply to the HVWS system will be provided by one motor driven pump. Since

the parameters for the HVWS system will be identical to that of the hydrant system, the diesel

engine driven pump described in the hydrant system, can serve as a common standby for both

HVWS system and hydrant system.

The HVWS system will consist of a number of high velocity water projectors mounted on a

pipe network around each transformer and steam turbine lube oil tank. Water supply to each

pipe network from the HVWS system mains will be through a deluge valve. The HVWS

system for the transformers will be of automatic type. In case of fire, quartzoid bulb sensors

mounted around the transformers will automatically actuate the deluge valve on the spray

water line. The HVWS system for the turbine lube oil tank will be manually actuated. Smoke

and heat detectors will be used strategically.

5.12.4 Portable Fire Extinguishers

It is proposed to provide an adequate number of wall/column mounted type portable fire

extinguishers in various areas of the plant including the control room, administration building,

canteen, stores, workshop, pump house, etc., These portable fire extinguishers would

basically be of carbon dioxide and dry power type.

5.12 TECHNICAL DATA FOR MAJOR MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

5.12.1 Boiler

Number of boilers : One (1) MCR capacity tph : 50 Peak generation tph : 50 Steam pressure at SH outlet Kg/ cm2 (g) : 67 Steam temp. at SH outlet 0C : 485 +/- 5 Feed water inlet temp. 0C : 105 Boiler efficiency on mustard or cotton stalks GCV% : 78.5 Gas temperature at the outlet of AH 0C : 150


5.12.2 Turbogenerator

1) Steam Turbine

Power rated kW : 11000 Inlet steam pressure Kg/ cm2 (g) : 64 Inlet steam temperature 0C : 480 Exhaust steam pressure ata : 0.1 Bleed steam pressure Kg/ cm2 (g) : 2.5 Alternator speed rpm : 1500

2) Surface Condenser

Type : Surface, divided Water box Steam flow tph : 30.5 Steam pressure ata : 0.1 Cooling water flow tph : 2100 Tube material 0C : 32 Outlet cooling water temperature 0C : 40

3) Condensate Extraction Pump

Type : Centrifugal Capacity m3/hr : 35 Suction pressure ata : 0.1 Discharge pressure Kg/cm2 (g) : 6.0 Number of pumps : 2

4) Cooling Water System

Cooling Tower:

Type : Induced draft Number of cooling towers : One (1) Capacity m3/hr : 2200 Cooling water supply temperature 0C : 32 Cooling water return temperature 0C : 42 Cooling water return pressure Kg/ cm2 : 0.5 Evaporation loss and blow down % : 2.5 No. of cells : Two (2) Design wet bulb temperature 0C : 27

5) Boiler Feed Pumps

Number of pumps : Two (2) Capacity m3/hr : 40 Head MLC : 1000 Type : Multistage Centrifugal Drive : Electric motor


6) Deaerator

Type : Spray cum tray Capacity tph : 40 Outlet water temperature 0C : 105 Operating pressure Kg/cm2 (g) : 1.0 Design pressure Kg/cm2 (g) : 3.0 Steam inlet pressure Kg/cm2 (g) : 1.5 Oxygen content in the outlet water ppm : 0.007

7) DM Water Plant

Capacity m3/hr : 8 Regeneration hrs/day : 8

8) DM Water Specification

Hardness : Nil Chloride : Nil Silica as SiO2, max. ppm : <0.02 Iron as Fe, max. ppm : <0.01 Conductivity at 20 Deg.C max, : 0.5 microsiemens/cm pH : 9.0 to 9.4 DM water plant will be complete with activated carbon filter, anion, cation exchangers

degassers, pumps, mixed bed exchangers, acid/alkali tank and pumps, raw water pumps etc.,


6 DESCRIPTION OF ELECTRICAL AND I & C SYSTEMS

6.0 GENERATOR

The generator will be rated 11 MW, 11 kV, 50 Hz, 3 pH, and 0.8 pf. The rated speed will be

1500 rpm. The generator winding will have class F insulation. The winding will be star

connected. The star point will be earthed through a resistor to limit the fault current to full load

current. The generator will be air-cooled with an air -water heat exchanger. The generators will

have brushless excitation system.

All the six terminals of the turbo generator winding will be brought out for external connections.

These connections will be taken to the Lightning Arrestor (LA) VT by suitably rated bus bars.

The LAVT will house necessary current transformers, voltage transformers, lightning arrestor

generator neutral grounding resistor, etc. Further connections to the generator circuit breaker

in the 11 kV switchgear will be by means of suitably rated 11 kV cables.

All six terminals of the steam turbine-generator will be brought out of the turbine pedestal wall,

through seal-off bushings. The connections between generator terminals and seal-off bushing

will be by open busbars. Outside the TG pedestal a short run of segregated phase busduct will

be provided on the phase side of the generator to house the current transformers and give

tap-off connections to LA & PT cubicle. This phase side bus duct will be terminated with a

cable termination box for further connection by 11 kV cables upto the 11 kV switchgear.

Similarly, a short run of segregated phase bus duct will be provided on the neutral side to

house the current transformers. The neutral formation and the disconnecting link will be

provided in an adaptor box after the current transformers. A short single-phase bus duct will

be provided between the adapter box and the NGR cubicle.

The generator shall be of closed circuit air-cooled type housed in an IP55 (CACW) enclosure

and driven by steam turbine through a speed reducer. The necessary coupling and coupling

bolts shall also form part of the supply.

1) Stator

The stator frame shall be a single piece consisting of a cylindrical casing of welded plate

construction, reinforced internally in the radial and axial direction by stationary web plates


making the entire frame perfectly rigid. The stator winding shall be of the double layer lap type

with Class ‘F’ insulation.

2) Rotor

a) The generator rotor shall be forged from a single piece ingot of special alloy steel carefully heat treated to obtain excellent mechanical and magnetic properties and a comprehensive series of ultrasonic examinations on the rotor body shall be done to ensure that absolutely no inadmissible internal defects are present and that the material meets the quality standards.

b) The design and construction of the rotor shall be in accordance with the best modern

practice and shall be fully described in the offer. c) The insulation between turns of field winding shall be consistent class F insulation.

d) The field poles shall be provided with adequate damper windings to ensure stability under

fault conditions and to meet {(I2°C) 2*t} value of 20. 3) Earth Terminal

Two Nos. or more Earth terminals shall be provided. The earth terminals shall be designed to

terminate Galvanized iron conductors. The size shall be as specified in IEC 34-1.

4) Speed Regulation

The moment of inertia of the alternator together with that of the turbine shall be sufficient to

ensure stability and the speed regulation specified in the section- covering turbine for full load.

5) Shaft

a) The generator shaft shall be made of best quality forged alloy steel, properly treated. The

shaft shall be of ample size to operate at all speeds, including maximum over speed

without vibration or distortion and shall be able to withstand short circuit and other

stresses without damage. To prevent the flow of harmful shaft currents damaging the

bearings, suitable shaft earthling shall be provided.

b) A complete set of test reports covering metallurgical strength, crystallographic and

ultrasonic and boroscopic tests performed in each shaft during various stages of its

manufacturing shall be furnished as also the complete specifications of the shaft forging

material and its design parameters such as stresses and critical speed.


c) The generator shaft shall have a suitably shaped flange for coupling to the

turbine/gearbox shaft. The coupling shall be forged integral with the shaft and the shaft

coupling shall comply with the requirements of IEC for shaft coupling. All coupling bolts,

nut and nut guards for coupling shall be furnished by the vendor. The alignment limit for

the shaft shall be as per the latest NEMA/DIN standards.

6) Space Heaters

Suitably rated heaters shall be installed within the enclosure of the generator. Location and

the maximum temperature of the heaters shall be such that no damage can be caused to any

insulation. Heaters shall be suitable for operation on a single-phase 230 V AC supplies.

A suitable thermostat controlled switch shall be mounted on or adjacent to the stator frame for

the switching off the heaters.

7) Excitation System

a) A brushless exciter shall be used and it shall be mounted on the out board end of the

generator frame. A static voltage regulator shall be included to control the voltage of the

synchronous generator by varying the current supplied to the field. Details of the

equipment shall be furnished along with the bid.

b) A self-excited static excitation system shall be provided. A high speed, fully tropicalised,

printed circuit, drawout type, automatic digital/analog voltage regulator shall be provided.

It should be complete with necessary sensing PT’s, cable entries, cast resin type current

transformer, adjusting rheostats, auto/manual and on/off selector switches. The following

meters of class one accuracy of size not less than 144 x 144 mm shall be provided in the

excitation cubicle and also in the unit control panel.

• Exciter Field Current • Generator Field Current • Generator Field Voltage • Generator Terminal Voltage

c) The excitation system shall be provided with the following features:

• Generator voltage control • Excitation current control • Excitation buildup during startup and fields suppression shutdown.


• Limiter for the under excited range and delayed limiter for overexcited range. • Feature for parallel operation of the generator with the grid system incorporating

power factor control mode and feature for islanding operation during sudden grid failure.

d) The system offered shall have the following facilities:

• Manual mode of operation • Auto mode of operation • Follow on mode to have smooth transfer from one mode of operation to the other. Auto/Manual changeover facility shall be provided. For manual mode voltage lower/raise

pistol grip type / spring return type switch shall be provided. Following minimum alarms

shall be transmitted to the unit control desk. The excitation system shall have diode

protection relays to detect failure of the Rotating Diodes.

• AVR fault • AVR automatic changeover to manual • Diode failure

8) Accessory Equipment

a) Terminal boxes shall be provided to enclose the leads and current transformer. The

terminal boxes shall be adequately designed to accommodate termination of Bus

duct/single core 11 kV XLPE cable per phase and its termination kits. The generator shall

be provided with various RTD’s (temperature sensors) installed various in the stator

winding with leads, brought out to a separate terminal box.

These RTD’s shall be hooked upto the temperature scanner in the control panel.

Necessary vibration transducer, displacement transducers with transmitters shall be

provided which shall be hooked up to the control panel in the control room.

b) Adequately rated neutral grounding resistor / neutral grounding transformer shall be

supplied, the resistor shall be stainless steel edge wound type mounted in shielded safe

enclosure. A current transformer shall be provided for ground fault current measurements

for protection. The rating of the resistor shall be furnished.

c) Necessary surge capacitors and lightning arrestors shall be provided for generator

protection. The surge capacitors shall conform to the latest IS 2834 and shall be rated


0.25 Micro Farad. The capacitors shall be suitable for indoor mounting and shall be

provided with built-in discharge resistor.

6.1 SURGE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

The surge protection equipment would comprise lightning arrestors with suitable discharge

characteristics to suit the generator insulation level in parallel with suitably rated capacitor for

smoothening the rate of rise of impulse voltage. The lightning arrestors will be located as close

as possible to the generator terminals.

6.2 POWER EVACUATION

The power generated from the proposed power plant will be evacuated at 132 kV through 1

No. 100% capacity transformer.

The generator is earthed through a resistor to limit the earth fault current to acceptable limits

so that generator core is not damaged. Hence this system will be of non-effectively earthed

type.

6.3 11 KV SWITCHGEAR

The power generated from the generator will be fed to an indoor metal clad 11 kV switchgear

through suitably rated cables.

The 11 kV switcher will comprise of draw out type circuit breakers housed in indoor, metal clad

cubicles. The calculated fault level of the 11 kV generator bus is 500 MVA. The circuit breaker

proposed is 750 MVA/40 kA for the generator bus. The breakers will be of either SF6 or

vacuum type.

6.4 POWER TRANSFORMERS

Based on a maximum estimated load of about 12.5 MVA to be evacuated at 132 kV, one No.

12.5 MVA, 11 kV/132 kV, Ynd11, Z = 8% transformers will be provided for interconnection with

the grid. The transformer will be ONAN cooled. It will be provided with OLTC on the HV side

having ± 10% range in steps of 1.25%. The HV neutral will be solidly earthed. The HV side

will be provided with bushings and LV side with cable box.


6.5 132 kV SWITCHYARD

The 132 kV switchyard shall consist of single busbar arrangement, with one incomer from

transformer and one outgoing feeder for connecting the 132 kV line from ASEB. The fault

level at the 132 kV bus works out to 750 MVA. However, as the minimum available circuit

breaker rating at 132kV is 630 A, SF6 circuit breakers suitable for 26.3 kA breaking capacity

will be provided. The isolators will be horizontal center break type with motor operated closing

mechanism. The current and potential transformers will be of oil filled type.

The switchyard will be of outdoor type with galvanized steel lattice structures.

The station auxiliary switchgear will feed the following switchgear / MCCs / Distribution boards:

• Boiler MCC • Cooling Tower MCC • TG MCC • Ash handling system DB • DM Plant DB • Switchyard DB • Lighting DB • Crane DB • Administrator Building / Guest House • Fuel Handling System.

Loads of the power plant auxiliaries and other station loads will be fed directly from the station

auxiliary switchgear.

The main one-line diagram for the power plant, enclosed indicates the auxiliary power

distribution. The various auxiliaries of the power plant would be supplied at the following

nominal voltages depending upon their ratings and functions:

• 415 V, 3 phase, 3 wire effectively grounded AC supply for motors. • 240 V, 1 phase, AC supply for lighting, space heating of motors and panels, single phase

motors, etc. • 230 V, 1 phase grounded AC supply for AC control circuits. • 110 V, ungrounded DC supply for control and indication.

6.6 415 V SYSTEM

The 415V 3 phase, 3 wire power for the 415 V auxiliaries would be obtained from the auxiliary

transformer. The 415 V switchgear would be of metal enclosed design with symmetrical short

circuit rating of 50 kA.


All the power and motor control centers would be compartmentalized and would be of double

front execution and fully draw-out design with all the circuit components mounted on a

withdrawal sheet metal chassis. The circuit breakers would be air break type. Motor starting

would be direct on-line. Motors rated above 125 kW will be controlled by air break, electro-

magnetic type contactors provided with ambient temperature compensated, time lagged, hand

reset type thermal overload relays, having adjustable settings and backed up by HRC fuses

for protection against short circuits. The switchgear would be located in the control building.

6.7 STATION AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER

The auxiliary transformer would be 1 no. 1.5 MVA 11 / 0.433 kV Dyn11 common for all units.

It will supply power to the 415 V auxiliaries of the power plant STG, CW/ACW system, water

treatment plant, lighting, battery chargers, etc. The neutral of the transformer would be solidly

earthed. The auxiliary transformer would be ONAN type and would be provided with ± 5% off

circuit taps in steps of 2.5% on the HV side.

6.8 CONTROL & PROTECTION SYSTEM

6.8.1 Generator

The following protections are proposed to be provided for the generators:

• Differential protection • Stator earth fault protection • Loss of field protection • Negative phase sequence current protection • Impedance or voltage restrained overcorrect back-up protection • Rotor earth fault protection • Reverse power protection • Over voltage protection • Low forward power protection (for steam turbine generation only) • Under voltage protection • Overload alarm

6.8.2 Capacity 11 kV / 415 V Station Auxiliary Transformer

The following protections are proposed for the station auxiliary transformer:

• 3-pole high set overcorrect protection on H.T. side. • D-pole I.D.M.T overcorrect back-up protection on H.T. side • Single pole instantaneous overcorrect earth fault protection


6.8.3 12.5 MVA, 11 / 132 kV Transformer

The following protections are proposed for the above transformer:

• Differential protection • Directional back-up phase overcorrect protection on HV and LV side • REF protection • Overfluxing protection • Buchholz, oil and winding temperature protection

6.8.4 132 kV Lines

Distance protection would be provided at the generating station side.

6.8.5 132 kV Busbars

High impedance, circulating current type relay scheme with main and check features would be

provided for the 132 kV busbars.

6.9 EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEM

Two Nos. diesel generator sets, 500 kva each, 415 V, 50 Hz will be provided to make

available emergency power supply to the station in case of black-out. The diesel generator

set will be connected to the 415 V switchgear as shown in SLD.

6.10 DIRECT CURRENT SUPPLY SYSTEM

The Direct Current System (DC) is the most reliable source of supply in the power station and

will be used for the control and protection of the power plant equipment.

The DC system will be used for the following:

• Electrical control of equipment and indications on the control panel. • Power supply to the essential auxiliaries of the power plant and turbines in case of AC

power failure. • Power supply to the following services in case of total AC power failure. • Communication system • DC lighting of strategic areas for safe personnel movement. The battery sizing will be done to cater to the following type of loads:

• Momentary load for 1 minute • Emergency load for 2 hours • Continuous load for 10 hours


Under normal conditions, the battery will be on float charger. The float charger is connected to

a distribution board and meets the requirements of DC load. In case of additional demand of

load or AC supply failure; the battery will meet the requirements of DC loads.

The boost charger will be designed to charger the fully discharged battery in 12 hours before

putting it back on float charge.

A set of two 110V battery blanks (100% standby) of suitable capacity with two float and boost

chargers and a direct current switch board will meet the DC load of power plant. The batteries

would be of stationary lead acid type, complete with racks, porcelain insulators, intercell and

interior connectors. The chargers would be of silicon rectifier type with automatic voltage

control and load limiting features.

6.11 UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY (UPS) SYSTEM

One battery bank of suitable capacity with associated two 100% float and boost chargers and

invertors would be provided to derive uninterrupted 230 V AC power supply through suitably

rated invertors. The batteries will be sized to cater to the loads for 30 minutes. This power

supply will be used to feed essential services such as control, instrumentation, and

annunciation etc. requiring UPS power. The type of batteries and chargers for the UPS

system would be similar to that described above for the DC system.

6.12 LIGHTING

The power station lighting system would comprise the following:

1) Normal 240 V AC Lighting System

The lighting circuit in the normal 240 V AC lighting system would be fed through 415/433 volts,

3 phase, 4 2wire lighting transformers connected to a 415 V distribution system.

Lighting transformers in each area in the power station would be fed from a convenient 415 V

switchgear/MCC located nearby. About 20% of the lighting fixtures will be connected to

receive emergency AC supply. During failure of normal AC supply, these fixtures will be fed

from emergency AC supply derived from the DG set.


2) Direct Current Emergency Lighting

Direct current emergency lights would be provided at strategic points in the power station, viz.,

near entrances, staircases, the main control room, etc. These would be fed from the station

110 V DC systems and would be off when the normal AC power supply is available. These

would be automatically switched on when the normal AC supply fails.

The proposed illumination levels for various areas are given below:

Area illumination Level Control room 500 lux.

Switchgear / MCC rooms 200 – 250 lux Power house 200 lux. Outlying areas 50 lux. Transformer yard & switchyard 10 – 20 lux. Boiler Area 50 lux Air/Gas compressors house, DM plant 200 lux Workshop 300 lux Canteen 150 lux. Stores 100 – 150 lux. Parking area and cycle stand 70 lux. Battery room 150 lux. Cable vaults 100 lux. Administration building and office rooms 350 lux. Roads 10 lux.

6.13 CABLING

All cables would be selected to carry the load current under site conditions, with permissible

voltage drop. In addition, high voltage cables would be sized to withstand the short circuit

current.

The following type of cables would be used:

For 11 kV generator system: 11 kV unearthed grade, single / multi-core, stranded aluminum

conductor, cross linked polyethylene insulated, screened, Aluminum wire / galvanized steel

wire armored and overall PVC sheathed cables conforming to IS 7098 Part II.

For medium voltage and low voltage power cables: 660 / 1100 V grade, stranded aluminum

conductor, HR PVC/PVC insulated, color coded.

PVC sheathed and Aluminum wire/galvanized steel wire armored overall PVC sheathed

cables conforming to IS-1554.


Control, protection, signaling and supervisory cables would be of 650/1100 V grade, annealed

high conductivity stranded copper conductor, PVC / elastomer insulated and overall

PVC/elastomer sheathed. Signaling and supervisory cables would be twisted pairs and

screened wherever required.

The inner and outer sheaths of all the above cables would have fire retardant capabilities.

Cables would be laid in steel ladder type cable trays, suitably supported in the control building,

STG building, other auxiliary buildings. In outdoor areas, cables would be laid in racks/built-up

trenches or would be buried directly underground depending on the environment.

6.14 LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

A lightning protection system would be provided as per IS 2309 and Indian Electricity Rules.

The protections would consist of roof conductors, air terminals and downcomers and would be

provided for tall structures such as the STG building.

6.15 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

A fire alarm system would be installed to provide visual and audible alarm in the power station

for fire detection at the incipient stage. This system would comprise manual call points located

at strategic locations in areas which are normally manned, and automatic smoke and heat

detectors located at important points such as the cable vault, the control room, switchgear

room etc., to detect fire at an early stage, and provide visual and audible alarm.

6.16 FIRE CONTAINMENT

Strategic areas in the plant would be separated by adequately rated firewalls. All openings for

switchgears and cable entry would be sealed by fireproof seals to prevent spread of fire from

one area to another.

6.17 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

In view of the high noise level in power plants, public address system is not recommended.

For effective communication in the plant, automatic dial type telephones would be set up,

having the following features:


6.17.1 Inter-communication Telephones

This system would comprise a telephone exchange and an adequate number of dial type hand

set stations located in soundproof cabins with suitable flashing indication on top of it to

indicate incoming call.

The handsets in the control room would be provided with priority service facility to enable them

to have immediate access to any of the handsets even if the handsets are already engaged. A

private automatic exchange for communication with outside parties would also be provided.

6.17.2 Walkie-talkie Sets

Walkie-talkie sets would be provided for key personnel. This would, however require special

permission from the statutory authorities.

6.18 SAFETY EARTHING SYSTEM

A Safety earthling system consisting of a buried mild steel conductor earthling grid would be

provided for the power plant transformer yard, switchyard and other outlying areas. These

would be connected to the earth grids in various buildings. The buried earthling grid would be

further connected to earthling grid would be further connected to earthling electrodes buried

under ground and located at representative points.

The earth electrodes will be 40 mm diameter and 3000 mm long G.I rods and the main earth

conductors will be 75 mm x 12 mm flats. The earth conductors when buried will be of mild

steel and galvanized wherever exposed to atmosphere.

6.19 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL

6.19.1 General

The instrumentation & control (I&C) system proposed to be provided for the power plant would

facilitate centralized automated and safe control of the power plant comprising of the Boilers,

TG and their auxiliaries, condensate system and the cooling water equipment. The I&C

system would be designed to ensure maximum efficiency, reliability, safety and availability so

that optimum plant control could be achieved with minimum staff.

The I&C system basically comprise of the following:


• Functionally distributed microprocessor based I&C system • Hard wired annunciation system • Analytical Instruments • Control desks, panels and system cabinets • Power supply systems • Local instruments

6.19.2 Distributed Instrumentation & Control System (DCS)

The functionally distributed microprocessor based I&C system will have a hierarchically

distributed structure and will integrate the various plant functions/systems such as

measurements system, closed loop control system, open loop control system, sequence of

events record, data base system, fault monitoring diagnosis, man machine interface etc.,

The above I & C system will have complete redundancy at processor level and communication

level. At the sensor level, triple redundancy will be provided for all critical closed and open

loops and single sensors will be provided for all other open and closed loops. For critical

analog controls, Freudian selection from three measurements will be adopted while for critical

open loops triple sensors with two out of three logic will be provided. Considering the high

reliability of presently available processors, no further redundancy by way of hard-wired back

up systems is proposed for open loops.

1) The DCS shall include the following main subsystem

a) Control and Data Acquisition Subsystem for monitoring and control of process parameters like flow, temperature, pressure, level, power, current, voltage, analytical and status.

The system shall also platform the plant supervisory functions like performance calculations, utility display, operator guidance message displays, logs, historical storage and retrieval etc., as specified in the subsequent chapters.

b) Sequence & interlock, safety sub-system for monitoring and executing sequence

operation, plant shutdown, interlocks and plant start-up. c) Operator / Engineer interface sub-system for operator guidance message displays

and remote control, for tuning, configuring, programming and maintaining the system. d) Redundant Communication sub-system for interconnecting all the sub-system. e) The closed loop sub-system for continuous action on valves or other mechanical

devices which alter the plant operating condition to bring the plant parameters to stable condition.


f) The open loop sub-system for operation on various inter related drives of plant safely, automatically and sequentially with the interlock and protection functions being available all the time under all conditions of operation to avoid mal-operation and to increase the plant availability.

The system shall communicate with the temperature scanners, other system using PLC in

serial communication mode using MODBUS protocol mode for monitoring/interlocking

purpose.

Functionality of these subsystems described in the corresponding chapters of the

specification.

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) or other special control devices shall be incorporated

in the subsystems.

These controllers shall be full informationally compatible with the DCS and shall allow an

information exchange through a mutual DCS/PLC Data Highway and corresponding gateways.

The list of alarms shall be sufficient for providing safe plant operation.

2) DCS General Characteristics

a) Process Controller Fire Characteristics:

The word “process controller file” refer to any combination of microprocessor

associated memory, data acquisition and output devices which can be configured to

perform a set of control and/or logic function, data acquisition, calculation and

complex analog & discrete strategies.

Means shall be provided to ensure the loss of power supply of any controller file does

not result in loss of memory requiring manual reconfiguration, without error, during a

power outage.

b) The minimum design features shall include but not limited to the following:

Redundancy shall be provided to the processing controller unit, power supply, I/Os for

critical signals and communication modules.

Redundancy shall also be provided for the data highway connections and serial

interfaces.


Power supply used for interrogation with field devices shall also be redundant.

All input and output modules shall be short circuit proof.

The system shall be arranged so that the failure of any monitoring device or control

components or spurious intermediate grounding in the signal path shall not open the signal

loop nor cause the loss or malfunction of signal to other devices using the same signal and

unrelated control loops.

Necessary grounding facilities shall be available with the system; to take care of the earthling

related problems.

The design of the control system and the related equipment shall adhere to the principle of

fail-safe operation at all system levels. Fail-safe operation signifies that the loss of signal, loss

of excitation or failure of any component shall not cause a hazardous condition and at the

same time occurrence of false trips.

Upon restoration of power, the system will initialize itself to the established configuration and

operation. The contractor shall provide detailed explanation on system features provided for

power failure recovery.

If a transmitter fails for an analog input value exceeding preset limits, means shall be provided

to create an alarm and initiate appropriate protection action, such as transfer to manual or any

other protective action. It shall be possible to assign high or low limits to each analog input;

should a transmitter exceed either limit it shall be possible, through configuration, to transfer

the affected protections of the system to manual.

The system shall be able to withstand the electrical noise and surge as encountered in actual

service conditions.

Detailed marshalling cabinets shall be provided on as required basis for termination of all

analog and digital inputs to the system and all analog and digital outputs from the system.

A minimum of 20% spare terminals and a minimum of 20% additional modules shall provided

in excess of the total requirement of the system design.


The system shall include self-surveillance and monitoring facilities, diagnostic features, tools

etc., so that a failure / malfunction shall be diagnosed automatically, and giving the details to

the operator stations.

- Closed loop control execution shall be done within 250 msec. - Sequence control/interlocks scan time shall be within 100 msec. - All the open loop shall be scanned at the rate of less than 1 sec. - DCS and PLC sampling time shall be adjusted after selection of the DCS and PLC

types. - Provision shall be included to produce a clear text, hard copy record of the detailed

configuration of each file. 6.19.3 Annunciation System

All abnormal operating conditions leading to unit shutdown will be simultaneously annunciated

on the distributed microprocessor based control system as well as on the conventional alarm

fascia units mounted on the control panel.

Additionally, group control function (i.e. related to the sub-system as a whole or the main

equipment) and individual equipment failure will be annunciated on the alarm fascia in the

control panel. All individual or subsidiary control function failure will be annunciated on the

DCS.

For safety and protection logic's, contacts will be taken only from primary sensing devices,

wherever feasible. Alarm contacts will be derived from the measurement signal using limit

value monitors.

6.19.4 Control desk and panel

The main control room in the control building will house the necessary control desks and

panels. The various I&C system cabinets will be housed in the auxiliary control room adjacent

to the main control room. The programmers console, computer cabinets, disc cabinets,

printer's etc., will be located in the computer room.

The control desks will incorporate CRTs with associated keyboard, illuminated push button for

pumps, dampers, valves, TG control devices etc., auto manual stations, control switches, push

buttons and synchronizing equipment for the boiler and TG. The control panels will be of

simplex free standing type and will house indicators / recorders for all controlled parameters


and certain important non-controlled parameters, annunciation windows for all trip conditions

and critical process conditions and ammeters for all large capacity motors.

1) Operator Stations

The operator main interface to the control system shall be through operator stations

consisting of color CRT’s mouse/trackball and keyboards. In addition certain software-

assigned and hard-wired recorders shall be installed if required. The operator station

shall be suitable for Industrial Duty.

Non-disk based Man-machine interface is preferred.

2) Capabilities

Capabilities of a minimum 100 process graphic displays will be provided. This figure

does not include detail display, group display, trend display, alarm list and

maintenance displays.

3) DCS Highway Communication Requirements

A redundant network communication link (data highway) shall be provided. The data

highway shall provide the means by which process I/O, management information and

control information is accessible to the operator interface and to all other control files

and other highway devices. In the event of failure on one link, communication shall

continue without disturbance to on-going operation.

6.19.5 Power Supply

The complete I&C system would basically be designed to operate on 110 V AC supply which

would be provided from the uninterrupted power supply (UPS) system incorporating necessary

batteries, chargers, inverters etc., Certain other voltages required for the system, e.g. 24 V DC

power supply required for contact interrogation, 48 V DC required for certain electronics cards,

etc., will be derived from the 110V AC power supply made available from UPS system.

6.19.6 Local Instruments

In addition to the above, all necessary local instruments such as pressure, temperature and

level gauges, pressure, temperature, level and flow switches etc., will be provided in the power

plant to enable the local operator to supervise and monitor the equipment operation.


1) Temperature Instruments

All temperature elements shall be provided with thermowells fabricated out of bar

stock of minimum SS 304 material. Any pipe lines less than 4” nominal bore shall be

increased locally to 4” size to install thermo wells.

Local temperature gauge shall be generally mercury in steel filled type, weatherproof,

with 150 mm dia dial gauge size, with shatterproof glass. Filled type with capillary

tubing shall be minimum of SS 304 with stainless steel flexible armoring. The gauges

shall have accuracy of ± 1 % FSD.

Duplex type thermocouples or RTD shall be used wherever required.

Adequate design care has to be taken to ensure thermal conductivity between

thermowell and temperature measuring element.

Thermocouples shall be as per ANSI MC 96.1 and shall be of 14 AWG magnesium

oxide insulated grounded type. For temperature above 800 dec. the sheath shall

made of Inconel 600. For temperatures above 800 dec. the sheath shall be made of

SS 316. The thermocouples shall be selected as follows:

a) Copper – Constantan (ISA-TYPE T) for ranges : - 200 to 200°C b) Chromel – Constantan (ISA-TYPE E) for ranges : - 200 to 600°C c) Chromel – Alumel (ISA – TYPE K) for ranges :- 600 to 1200°C

RTD shall be three wire type with platinum element with 100 ohms resistance at 0

dec. calibrated as per DIN 43760.

Twin element sensors, if used, shall have two separate conduit entries.

2) Pressure Instruments

Pressure gauges shall have an accuracy of ± 1% of FSD. These shall be weather

proof with dial size of minimum 150 mm and shall have features like screwed bezels,

externally adjustable zero, over range protection and blowout discs.

Pressure gauge sensing element shall be minimum of SS 316 and moving parts of SS

304. For important applications, 250 mm dial size shall be used. The glass shall be


shatter proof. Bidder shall provide snubber / siphon along with the pressure gauges

wherever required.

Pressure transmitters – smart type with a minimum turndown ratio of 1:30 with local

indicator shall be electronic capacitance type or piezoelectric resistance type with

minimum of SS 316 element material and with a over range protection of minimum

130% of range.

Direct mounted pressure switch shall have element diaphragm or below of minimum

of SS 316 material with ½” NPTF connection.

3) Level Instruments

All gauge glasses shall be steel armored reflex or transparent type with body and

cover materials of carbon steel as a minimum and tempered imported borosilicate

glass.

Differential pressure transmitter shall be used for level measurement.

Level switches shall generally be external ball float type with flanged head.

For remote level indication of drum, a separate level transmitter shall be employed

which will be connected to a digital indicator with LED and barograph display.

4) Flow Instruments

Flow measurement shall be with flow nozzles for Main steam flow and thin plate

square edge concentric orifice plate mounted between a pair of weld neck flanges of

minimum 300 pounds ANSI rating with flange taps for other measurements. The

material of the orifice plates shall be SS 316.

Meter runs shall have sufficient straight line as per BS-1042.

DP type flow transmitter shall normally be electronic capacitance / piezo – resistive

type and smart type with a turndown ratio of minimum 1:30


5) Control Valves

- Control valves shall normally be Globe type. Other types like butterfly valves, ball valves, angle valves, 3 way valves, etc., shall be selected as per service.

- Minimum body and flange rating of control valves shall be as per piping class. - Body material, as a minimum, shall be as per piping specifications. - Valve seat leakage shall be as per ANSI B 15.104. - Leakage of shut down valves shall be Class VI, as a minimum and leakage

for control valves shall be Class IV. - Valve positioners wherever used shall be side mounted force balance

pneumatic type. - For electronic instrumentation, I/P converter shall be used along with

pneumatic positioners. - Self actuating regulators for flow, pressure and temperature shall be used

where loads are constant and shall be of precision controls. The power cylinders shall be double acting piston modulating type, trunnion mounted,

with linear cam characteristics and provision for reversal action. The piston rod shall

be hard chrome plated high strength steel. The driving equipment shall be in “STAY

PUT” mode on air failure. The power cylinders shall be supplied with positioners, limit

switches and position transmitters.


7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND POLLUTION CONTROL

The type of pollution, which affects the environment, emanating from the power plant can be classified

as follows:

• Air pollution • Water pollution • Thermal pollution • Noise pollution

7.1 THE POLLUTANTS GENERATED FROM THE POWER PLANT ARE

* Dust and particulate matter in the flue gas * Fly ash from the hoppers * Furnace bottom ash * Effluent from water treatment plant * Sewage from the plant

CONTROL METHODS FOR AIR POLLUTION

7.2.1 Dust and particulate matters

The pollution control norms stipulates a maximum dust concentration of 115mg//N.cu.mt. The

proposed power plant will have an Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP), which will separate the

dust from the flue gas and has an efficiency of 98%. The dust concentration is the flue gas

leaving the ESP will be maximum 115 mg/Nm3.

The dust concentration level in the chimney will be periodically monitored. Corrective steps will

be taken, if the concentration is not as per the acceptable limits.

7.2.2 Sulphur-di-oxide and Nitrogen-di-oxide

The main fuel in the proposed plant is Bio Mass, which does not have significant Sulphur in it.

Hence, the Sulphur dioxide will not be produced. However, the stack height will be as per the

local pollution control board stipulations. The nitrogen-di-oxides are not produced in firing.

7.2.3 Fly Ash and Bottom Ash

The ash collected from the bottom of furnace (bed ash) and the ash collected in the air heater

hoppers and ESP hoppers are taken to an ash silo through a series of conveyors. The ash

from the silo will be disposed off to farmers, who can use the ash as manure for the crops.


CONTROL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION

1) Effluents from Water Treatment Plant

The water drained from the water treatment plant will have to be treated so that the water let

out is neutral (pH 7.0). To achieve this the water drained from the water treatment plant is

pumped to a neutralization pit. The neutralization pit will have acid resistant brick lining.

Depending on the quality of water collected in the pit, either an alkaline medium or acidic

medium will be pumped into the pit to neutralize the water.

2) Boiler Blowdown

In order to maintain the solid concentration in the boiler feed water, two types of blow down

are employed in the boiler. One type is continuous blow down and the other intermittent blow

down.

The blow down water will be at a temperature of 100 0C. The quantity of blow down will be

around 1.5 tph. This water can be taken to the effluent ponds, where it will get cooled

naturally.

3) Sewage from the Power Plant Buildings

The sewage from the various power plant buildings will be taken to a common septic tank

through trenches. The sewage from the septic tank will be disposed off through concrete

trenches. As the sewage is taken in trenches the soil will not get contaminated.

7.3 CONTROL METHODS FOR THERMAL POLLUTION

The water used in the surface condenser to condense the steam will be cooled in a cooling

tower of either induced or forced draft type. The water let out from the cooling tower will have

a temperature very close to the ambient.

CONTROL METHODS FOR NOISE POLLUTION

The major source of noise pollution in the power plant power plant is from the following:

Rotating equipments like ID, FD and SA fans

- Feed pumps - Boiler and superheater safety valves - Start up vent - Steam turbine


7.4.1 DG Sets

As per OSHA standards, the sound level from the rotating equipments shall be 85 to 90 dBA.

The rotating equipments will be designed to achieve this.

The start up vent, safety valve outlets and the DG sets will be provided with silencers to

reduce the noise level to the acceptable limits.

The power house building will be constructed suitably to keep the noise level within the

acceptable limits.

Promoters are aware of their social obligations and will be establishing an effluent treatment

plant to treat its liquid effluents.

The Pollution Control Board norms for air, water and sound is given below:

Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Effluents

Characteristics

Tolerance Limits for discharge of Trade Effluents

Inland Surface Water On land for Irrigation

Suspended solids (mg/lit.) 100 200

Dissolved solids-Inorganic (mg/lit.) 2100 2100

PH value 5.5-9.0 5.5-9.0

Temperature (0C) 40 at the point of discharge

45 at the point of discharge

Oil and grease (mg/lit.) 10 10

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) for 5 days at 20 0C

30 100

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (mg/lit.)

250

Chloride (as CL) (mg/lit.) 1000 600

Sulphates (SO4) (mg/lit.) 1000 1000


Ambient Air Quality Standards

Characteristics Concentration (mg/m3)

SPM So2 CO NOX

Industrial and mixed use 500 120 5000 120

Residential & Rural 200 80 2000 80

Sensitive 100 30 1000 30

Emission Standards for Boilers

Capacity of Boilers (tons/h) Particulate Emission Limits (mg/Nm3)

Less than 2 1600

2 to 15 1200

More than 15 150

This requirement is applicable for boilers using any type of solid fuel. In the case of industries

where particulate emission control are adopted to the limits prescribed, the stack height can

be relaxed to H = 74 Qp0.27, where Qp = Particulate emission in Tons per hour.

Permissible Noise Levels

Exposure Duration per Day Sound Level dB (A)

8 90

6 92

4 95

3 97

2 100

1 102


8. POWER PLANT LAYOUT

8.1 CRITERIA FOR THE POWER PLANT LAYOUT

The general criteria for the power plant layout are as follows:

a. The main steam piping to the turbogenerator shall be as short as possible. This is to avoid excessive pressure and temperature drop in the steam line, which would affect the turbine performance. Also, the material used will be alloy steel, which is very costly.

b. The length of the HT cables from the TG hall to the switchyard shall be minimum. c. The length of the slat conveyor from the storage area to the boiler etc. has to be

minimum. This is to reduce the auxiliary power consumption and the cost of the equipment.

d. Fuel storage yard shall be far away from the equipment so that there will not be any

dust nuisance. e. The switchyard, ash handling area and Fuel storage handling area has to be

accessible by roads. 8.2 BOILER LAYOUT

The layout for the boiler 1 x50 tph will be on the eastern side of the Plant. The feeding system

for fuel will be located in the boiler front. The operating floor for the boiler will be concrete and

at a elevation of 5 Mts. from the ground level. The boiler will be provided with 800 mm width

floors, wherever required.

The boiler will be top supported. The economizer and the air heaters will be located just after

the boiler bank one over the other. The air heater will consist of two blocks. Suitable space will

be provided and provision made for cleaning of the air heater tubes. The boiler feed water

pumps will be located below the deaerator storage tank, at the ground floor of TG building.

The feed water control station will be located in the boiler operating floor. The chimney height

will be decided based on the local pollution control norms.

8.3 TG BUILDING LAYOUT

The TG building will be located adjacent to the boiler area. The TG building will be sized to

accommodate the 11 MW turbogenerator and its auxiliaries. The turbine will be located at an

elevation of 6 Mts. from ground level. The building will be steel structure with regular roof with

side cladding. The floors will be made from pre cast slabs, which gives better appearance and


the installation time will be less. The condenser will be located just below the TG at ground

level. The condenser extraction pumps and the evacuation system will also be located at the

ground floor. The TG building will be provided with a Crane for lifting the turbine parts for

maintenance.

8.4 ELECTRICAL AND CONTROL ROOMS

Both the electrical and control rooms will be located in the TG building. The battery charger

room and office will also be located at this floor at elevation 6 Mts. The location of the control

room will be such that the boiler and the turbine will be clearly visible from the control room.

8.5 FUEL STORAGE AREA

Power plant shall have a planned fuel storage yard to store the fuel quantity

8.6 ASH HANDLING SYSTEM

The ash handling system consists of scrapper conveyor, belt conveyors and screw conveyor.

The ash from the travelling grate hopper, plenum chamber, air heater hopper and the ESP

hoppers will be collected and conveyed to a main ash silo which will be located close to the

chimney.

8.7 SWITCH YARD

The biomass power plant shall have a well planned power evacuation switchyard of 132 kV.


9. PROJECT SCHEDULE AND IMPLEMENTATION

9.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

9.1 PROJECT SCHEDULE

The schedule for the implementation of the biomass power project of Amrit Bio Energy and

Industries Ltd Jagi Road in Mayong Circle of Marigaon district in Assam with a capacity of 11

MW is enclosed. The project schedule indicates the various activities, which includes

Engineering, Detailed Engineering, Procurement, Erection and Commissioning of the project.

The project needs 18 months from the date of financial closure and placement of orders for

critical items like, Boiler and Turbine.

9.2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Engineering Management system, is a functional strategy developed to meet the tasks of the

engineering division keeping in view the overall project and the company’s objectives.

It is a set of planned and well-defined systems and procedures for each activity and sub-

activity for engineering tasks to complete the project from feasibility, conceptual design,

detailed engineering upto commissioning and operation of the plant. The following major

constituents of the Engineering management systems are being used for the execution of this

project:

Division of Responsibility & Authority, which defines the role and responsibilities against the

tasks identified for the engineering services, project engineering and Quality Assurance &

Inspection services in various disciplines such as Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Controls and

Instrumentation.

Engineering and Monitoring System covers identification of various Engineering activities and

sub-activities both pre-award and post-award of the main plant equipment for this project.

The monitoring of the progress reports and look ahead planning is made on the basis of

Scheduled dates against the actual date of completion of the activities or anticipated dates to

complete the activities for every month.


Vendor Drawing Control System provides the status reporting and monitoring for Vendor

submitted drawings, which give the clue to identify the vendor drawings, falling in different

approval categories, drawings which are over due for submission by the vendor, drawings

which are pending for transmittal of the comments / distribution etc. This is very important from

the point of vendor progress monitoring.

Drawing Control Procedure elaborates how to control drawings received from the vendor or

developed in-house. The system identifies how the drawings are to be processed and who has

the authority to approve these drawings / documents and transmittal of the drawings to the site

office concerned, project consultant and to the vendor.

9.2.1 System for Feed Back

This project has got a group of field engineers, which will perform the engineering tasks at site

office and support the engineering group concerned at the Head office. The engineering

group is the focal point for all engineering issues and the field problems pertaining to

engineering. They also receive drawings and documents and distribute amongst the various

departments of the project, provide any clarification or modification of any nature and give the

feed back during construction and commissioning stage of the project. They are also

responsible to generate project drawings and data to AS-Built information.

9.2.2 Computer Aided Design

The use of Computer Aided Design (CAD) for development of engineering design and

drawings is being emphasized by the company. Presently almost all the engineering tasks are

performed using CAD with the software programs already available and developed within the

company.

9.2.3 Assurance of Engineering Quality

With the use of standardized document, model technical specification, design guidelines and

checklist, the required engineering quality is possible to achieve.

Cost Control: In order to have control on the overall cost of the project, the project is split into

no. of packages and the cost is worked on the basis of the price data obtained from various

vendors, as well as on the basis of the trends of the cost variations in the present day market.


Time Control: This is achieved during project planning and monitoring system. Monitoring is

done at every place - Regional office, Consultant’s office and the Site office.

9.3 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

9.3.1 Power Plant and Facilities

Site activities of project group shall be carried out as per Consultants, Construction

Management Manual advice prescribing systems and procedures, their scope of

responsibilities, inter-relationships as outlined in the various chapters.

Organization tasks and framework for construction management has been organized in four

distinct headings namely:

a) Construction Management Tasks.

b) Construction Management Organization. c) Functional Boundaries & Scope of Work. d) Construction Management Interface. The Construction Management Tasks cover the following: -

i) Infrastructure development ii) Construction execution supervision ii) Safety and security iv) Planning, Scheduling, Reviewing and Control. v) Field quality surveillance vi) Site contracting

vii) Material Management viii) Cost control ix) Liaison with external agencies x) Personnel administration and welfare xi) Finance and Account.

9.4 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION

Construction Organization at project site is headed by a project manager, a senior executive

from the plant assisted by a consultant engineer from the consultant side. The project

manager is assisted in carrying out site functions by functional heads viz.

Head of project construction, planning, scheduling and project co-ordination. Head of Personnel Management, which includes finance and accounts.


The construction, erection and commissioning is carried out by the contractors with the

technical supervision from the Consultant / Customer Engineers in association with the

representatives of equipment manufacturer to the satisfaction of the plant engineers. The tools

and plants for construction are brought by the contractor.

The functional boundaries and scope of work cover the following areas: -

i) Construction planning and scheduling, ii) Civil construction

iii) Equipment erection iv) Site contract group, which provides centralized services at site for awarding work

contracts. v) Material management functions cover activities of material planning, procurement,

storage issue etc. vi) Site service is a centralized service group which provides and maintains all common

construction facilities, tools, plants and construction utility services. vii) Personnel and Administration group at site is guided by the HRD division at Head

quarters and it is responsible for man power planning, recruitment etc. viii) Finance & Accounts.

9.5 INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES & CIVIL SYSTEM

The existing biomass power plant has well developed infrastructure facilities and civil for

structures like office building, power plant buildings and other storage yards etc. Separate

infrastructure facility is not required for this power plant.

9.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE & INSPECTION

The procedure for the Quality Assurance and Inspection is evolved by the consultant in co-

ordination with the power plant engineers. In order to ensure high reliability and better

performance, quality assurance programs have been developed for all packages. For this

purpose, bid documents for all contract packages stipulate that the bidders have to submit

their own quality assurance programs for manufacturing and field activities.

They include identification of

a) Quality organization. b) Documentation control. c) Procedure for purchase of materials, parts, components and selection of

subcontractors, services including vendor analysis, source inspection, raw material inspection etc.

d) Control and testing of calibration, testing of measuring and testing equipment. e) Handling, storage and delivery. f) Maintenance of records to meet all the contractual requirements.


All the contractors are required to develop such QA programs after the review of all technical

specification and contract requirements. The QA programs of the vendors are taken into

consideration during bid evaluation by the consultants. At the time of finalization of the

agreement with the successful vendors, a detailed quality plan setting and the quality practices

and procedures, relevant standards and acceptance level for all the components of all the

equipment will be mutually discussed and agreed to.

Further, consultant / client witnesses tests / inspection etc as per the customer hold points

(CHP) to be selected by the consultant in quality plans, beyond which the work will progress

only with the consent of the consultant. Apart from this, the quality surveillance of the system

and procedures of the contractor’s quality control organization will be carried out for monitoring

the implementation status.

In addition, the consultant / customer will carry out quality audits on the systems and

processes for the areas of manufacture and field activities to determine the effectiveness of

implementation and to ensure conformance to code, contract and procedure requirements.

Control of quality in the field right from the stage of material receipt till final commissioning will

be effected by the field quality control group. This group will be independent of actual

execution schedules and costs and will function under technical guidance from the

consultant’s QA group.

9.7 MAN POWER TRAINING & PLACEMENT

The existing power plant is having proper Organization structure. The existing biomass power

plant has well trained technicians and other labors. This new plant needs some more

technicians and labors for its operation and maintenance.




10. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

The proposed Organization structure for the operation and maintenance (O&M) of the power plant is

presented in the exhibit. In order to ensure a high level of performance of the power plant, it is

proposed to induct experienced O&M engineers from the very beginning of the project.

10.1 BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE O&M TEAM

The basic structure and the broad functional area within the O&M organization would be as

follows:

The Plant Manager would have the primary responsibility for the O&M of the power plant. The

organization will comprise of four broad functional areas viz. Operation, maintenance,

technical and administration. The basic duties covered under each of these functional areas

would be as follows:

10.1.1 Operation

• Operation of main generating equipment, fuel handling systems, water systems including water treatment plant, switch yard and other auxiliary plant.

• Except for the Power Station Superintendent all other operating personnel would work on three shift basis.

• Shift personnel manpower planning for key areas has been generally done on 3+1 concept, to take into account leave taken by shift personnel.

• The day to day operation of the power plant will be controlled by the Manager who will be assisted by the Control room operators and shift engineers.

10.1.2 Maintenance

• Maintenance of mechanical and electrical plant, control systems, buildings, roads, drainages and sewage systems etc.,

• Operation of the plant workshop, planning and scheduling maintenance works and deciding the requirement of spare parts.

• The Plant Manager will be assisted by departmental engineers, who take care of the maintenance aspects of all mechanical, electrical and I&C requirements.

• Trained technicians will be employed to assist the maintenance group in day to day maintenance of the plant


10.1.3 Administration

The main responsibilities of this department will be as follows:

• Purchase

• Plant Security

• Liaison with local labor officers

• Stores management

• Finance & Accounts

• Medical Services

• Secretarial & Clerical

• Transport services

• HRD and Training

10.2 FACILITIES TO BE EXTENDED TO THE EMPLOYEES

The number of employees required for the proposed power plant will be around 40. The

personnel required for administration and finance & accounts also will be provided. The

following facilities will be provided in the power plant:

• Administration building and technical office

• Construction offices and stores

• Time and security offices

• First aid and fire fighting station

• Canteen and welfare center

• Toilets and change rooms

• Car parks and cycle/scooter stands. 10.3 STATION OPERATION PHILOSOPHY

The power generated from this plant is exported to ASEB Grid. Necessary software and

hardware features are required for effective operation and maintenance management system.

Software system manages and provides the information needed to manage daily operations,

improve labor productivity, reduce maintenance costs, and monitor preventive and predictive

maintenance programs.

Through more effective scheduled and preventive maintenance, the costs associated with

emergency breakdowns can be greatly reduced. This includes savings from reduced payroll

overtime, fewer defective products and reduced down time losses from disrupted production

schedules.


10.4 STATION MAINTENANCE PHILOSOPHY

The based power plant maintenance philosophy is based on the following aspects:

10.4.1 Ordinary Maintenance

Ordinary Maintenance, which covers routine checking and minor and refurbishment activities

to be performed according to operating manuals on component / equipment in operating

conditions.

10.4.2 Emergency Maintenance

Emergency Maintenance, which is a corrective maintenance to be performed when a

significant failure occurs. To minimize forced outages duration, an effective Emergency

Maintenance must be supported by:

A proper stock of spare parts.

Permanent monitoring and diagnostic systems for main components.

10.4.3 Maintenance Plan and Scheduled maintenance

Scheduled maintenance is carried out according to maintenance plan, which should be

discussed and optimized according to the needs of the customer/client.

The maintenance plan is based on scheduled outages for the following components:

• Boiler

• Steam Turbine

• Alternator

• Switchyard equipment

10.5 MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The maintenance of this plant will be carried out as per the above philosophy. This system

aims at maximizing the availability of the plant, while ensuring minimum maintenance cost and

safety of the plant and personnel.

Meetings are convened by various departmental Heads to accelerate the decision making

process and to lay down the priorities and guidelines for maintenance work to be taken up.


10.6 SPARE PARTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The primary objective of spare part management system will be to ensure timely availability of

proper spare parts for efficient maintenance of the plant without excessive build-up of non-

moving and slow moving inventory.

The spare parts management system for this project will cover the following areas:

• Proper codification of all spares and consumables.

• Spare parts indenting and procurement policy.

• Ordering of critical mandatory and recommended spares.

• Judicious fixation of inventory levels and ordering levels for spare parts based on experience.

• Development of more than one source of manufacturer/ supplier Whenever practicable.

10.7 AVAILABILITY OF O & M MANUALS

All contracts include provision of at least 6 sets of detailed O & M manuals, which will be

distributed to all departments concerned well in advance from the commissioning date of the

power plant to avoid problems in preparation of commissioning documents as well as proper

installation and commissioning procedures of various equipment.

10.8 SPECIAL TOOLS AND TACKLES

All contracts will include the provision for supply of one set of all types of special tools and

tackles, which are required for installation, commissioning and proper maintenance of plant

and equipment.

10.9 OPERATION REQUIREMENTS

With the completion of the official hydraulic test of the boiler, the pre-commissioning and

commissioning activities start. Pre-commissioning checks of the individual equipment will lead

to safe commissioning of the equipment. Installation procedure and commissioning procedure

as stipulated in the O & M manuals supplied by the various equipment suppliers shall be

carefully followed. Wherever possible, it is advisable to keep the vendor’s representative at

site for commissioning the auxiliary equipment of the power plant.

However, the boiler, turbo-alternator and other critical equipment have to be commissioned by

the supplier itself, as the performance guaranties lie with them.


Controls and Instrumentation system along with alarm and trip interlocks should be put into

operation to safeguard the equipment as well as the operating personnel.

10.10 CHECKLISTS AND PROTOCOL

A detailed checklist for the various equipment, supplemented with the checklist submitted by

the supplier shall be drawn and logged for future reference. This will also form part of the

plant’s base history / datum.

Whenever an equipment in commissioned, the important parameters of that particular

equipment should be observed for a period of eight hours and the readings shall be logged as

per the log sheets. These activities shall be performed in the presence of the customer /

consultant and a protocol shall be signed.

10.11 ORGANISATION LEVELS & GRADING OF POSITIONS

Every position in an organization is graded within these decision-taking bands based on a

short description mentioned below. These grading levels range from A Band (unskilled labor)

to E- Band (Top Management). The definitions for the classification of different positions are

as follows:

A-Band Basic elementary decisions where the options and alternatives are limited.

Information required by the worker is limited, simple, and easy to understand. It mainly requires unskilled labor and training requirements are minimum.

B Band Operational decisions in a logical sequence of elements Experience and

practice is essential for taking decisions in this band. Training normally takes a few months.

C Band Process decisions in a systematic sequence of operational activities.

Problems have to be diagnosed and the best solution form a range of alternatives needs too be selected and implemented. A broad spectrum of intensive formal education, as well as experience, is required for these jobs.

D Band Interpretative decisions by middle Management. E Band Strategic decisions by Senior Management.


. STATUTORY CLEARANCES REQUIRED

The following are the statutory clearances required for the proposed power plant of ABEIL at Jagi

Road in Mayong Circle of Marigaon district in Assam. Details of Approvals are given in the notification,

which is enclosed.

11.1 Approval from AEDA

ABEIL shall file an application with AEDA for sanction of project as per the Government of

Assam notification of power projects. ABEIL, will also need to enter an agreement with AEDA

as facilitator.

11.2 Tariff Fixation from AERC

ABEIL Ltd,should file an affidavit with AERC for obtaining the tariff.

11.3 Power Purchase Agreement with ASEB

After obtaining the approval from AEDA, and ASEB, ABEIL,need to enter Power Purchase

agreement with ASEB.

11.4 Approval for Parallel Operation

Approval of the Government of Assam through ASEB for parallel operation of generating set

with ASEBGrid, shall be sought. Scheme has to be approved by ASEB Inspectorate.

11.5 Pollution Control Board

Initially consent to establish to be obtained from the Assam State Pollution Control Board for

the air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. The source of pollution and the control

methods proposed are discussed in the chapter, “Environmental Impact and Pollution Control”.

On commissioning, consent to operate need to be obtained from Pollution Control Board.

11.6 The Land Use Clarification Clearance From Govt. of Assam

Approval for the layout and buildings of the power plant is required from the Town Planning

Department of Govt. of Assam.


11.7 Approval for the Electrical Installation

The electrical installations like transformers, switch yard equipment etc., shall be approved by

the Chief Electrical Inspector, for the safety features, location etc.

11.8 Boiler and Pressure Part Components

The approval from the Chief Inspector of Boilers, Assam is required for the installation and

operation of the boilers, steam and water piping.

11.9 Ground Water Board

The make up water for the power plant is proposed to be pumped from the nearby take and

borewell available in the site. Clearance from the Central Ground Water Board is required for

using the ground water.

11. 11 Irrigation Department

It is better to have the permission from Irrigation department for drawal of water from the

canals.

11.12 Information to MNES

Ministry of Non Conventional Energy Sources, (MNES) extends the capital subsidy. Promoter

need to apply to MNES through AEDA, after obtaining the loan sanctioned from Financial

Institution. MNES needs the following documents enclosed to their application and check list:

a. Detailed Project Report b. Project Approval from AEDA c. Power Purchase Agreement with ASEB d. Consent to Establish from Assam State Pollution Control Board. e. Sanction Letter from Financial Institution f. Appraisal Report from Financial Institution

MNES gives the principal approval initially, and sanctions the Capital subsidy after

commissioning. MNES is yet to issue administrative approval.

11.13 Duty Exemption:

Govt of India had issued the notification, exempting the Excise Duty and Custom Duty for

setting up these plants. Govt of India Notification is already given in Chapter 1. Promoter

should take advantage of this. Suppliers of the equipment are need to be taken, Duty

Exemption Certificates from MNES.


12. COST ESTIMATES

12.1 GENERAL

ABEIL is planning to install 11 MW Biomass based Power Plant at Jagi Road, Mayong Circle,

Marigaon District. As this plant is situated in Assam, transportation charges, erection and

commissioning charges are more compared to the other parts of India. Even Govt. of Inia

gives the special incentives for the North Eastern States.

This chapter deals with the estimates of the total cost of the power project. The estimate is

also based on the budgetary offers received from the various manufacturers for the major

equipment and in house cost data compiled for power plants. Contingency provision has been

made, but not the escalation, as the project is expected to be implemented within short period.

Ministry of Finance, Govt of India, had issued the notification No: 33/2005 – Central Excise

dated 8th Sept 2005, exempting the custom duty and excise duty for the plat and machinery

required for biomass based power plants. Hence, the project cost is exclusive of these duties.

This chapter deals with the estimates of the total cost of the power project. The estimate is

also based on the budgetary offers received from the various manufacturers for the major

equipment and in house cost data compiled for power plants. Contingency provision has been

made, but not the escalation, as the project is expected to be implemented within short period.

The cost of the power plant given in this chapter, covers all the costs associated with the

construction of the plant, and includes the civil construction cost, cost of equipment for power

generation, cost of auxiliaries and utilities. The total cost is arrived at by adding to this cost,

the pre operative expenses inclusive of project design and engineering, start up and training

expenses, interest during construction and the margin money for working capital.

Table 12.1 to 12.4 gives the details of the project works cost estimate including Civil,

Mechanical and Electrical cost. Table 12.5 to 12.9 gives the details of the estimate of the

project cost which includes the contingency, preoperative expenses including the IDC and

working capital margin. The table also gives the drawl of the term loan during the project

construction period and the calculation of the IDC is based on that. It is presumed that the


term loan disbursement is proportional to the amount of the equity invested. Table 12.10 gives

the consolidated details of the total cost of the project.

12.2 LAND AND SITE DEVELOPMENT

This company is planning to procure the land with the help from Revenue Officials of Morigaon

District. The proposed site is just behind 132 kV Substation of Jagi Road , Mayong Circle. .

Table 12.1 – Land and site Development

(Rs. Lakhs)

Particulars Amount

Cost of Land to be acquired 45.0

Cost of leveling and development 10.0

Cost of laying of roads

Internal roads for the Factory 5.0

Approach road connecting the Main Road 5.0

Internal roads for the Township 5.0

Cost of fencing/compound wall 15.0

Cost of Gates 2.0

Total 87.0

12.3 CIVIL AND STRUCTURALS

The civil work includes the earthwork and concrete work for the power house building,

equipment foundations, tanks, cooling tower basin etc. The cost of laying of in plant roads,

fencing drains and sewers is also included as part of civil cost. The RCC/structural steel work

for the turbogenerator building is also included under the heading of Civil Works cost. No piling

has been envisaged for the building as well as for equipment foundations and only open

foundations are considered.

The civil work quantities and the cost of civil are only estimates and will have to be suitably

modified and firmed up after the equipment supply is finalized and adequate data regarding

the loading dimensions of equipment are available from the manufacturers and suppliers

during the engineering stage, and also on the actual soil conditions encountered at different

stages of construction. The estimates given here are based on the soil bearing capacity of 35

Tones/Sq. mtr at 3.5 meter depth.


The total cost of civil works including equipment foundations, buildings, cost of land

development, roads, and miscellaneous foundations etc is estimated at Rs. 317.78 Lakhs.

Table 12.2 Civil Works Cost Estimate

Sl. No.

Description Unit Quantity Rate Rs.

Cost (Rs. Lakhs)

7.0 Power plant building

7.1 Excavation m³ 2015 120 2.42

7.2 Backfilling with approved earth m³ 1495 108 1.61

7.3 PCC m³ 195 4560 8.89

7.4 RCC grade M20 including formwork m³ 371 6000 22.23

7.5 Reinforcement Steel T 36 48000 17.47

7.6 Brick work m³ 520 2400 12.48

7.7 Windows, doors etc. m² 260 2160 5.62

7.8 Plastering m² 13351 108 14.42

7.9 Flooring m² 1729 600 10.37

7.10 Painting m² 8671 84 7.28

7.11 Structural Steel T 87 43200 37.63

7.12 Grating m² 104 1800 1.87

7.13 Plumbing LS 1.50

7.14 Precast RCC Roof Slabs, 125 mm thick LS 1.50

7.15 Weathering Course LS 1.50

7.16 False ceiling LS 1.00

8.0 Foundation for boilers, turbogenerator, transformers & other equipment 0

8.1 Excavation m³ 2925 120 3.51


8.3 PCC m³ 135 4560 6.17


8.5 Reinforcement Steel T 60 48000 28.70

8.6 Micellaneous (Embedments, Foundations etc.) LS 2.20

9.0 Cooling tower basin, raw water tank, pumps and miscellaneous foundations 0

9.1 Excavation m³ 1300 120 1.56



9.3 PCC m³ 91 4560 4.15


9.5 Reinforcement T 35 48000 16.85

10.0 RCC Chimney and foundation

10.1 Excavation m³ 1950 120 2.34


10.3 PCC m³ 137 4560 6.22


10.5 Reinforcement T 59 48000 28.08

10.6 Embedments, flanges, ladders & platforms T 20 50400 9.83

10.7 Refractory lining millboard etc. LS 6.00

11.0 Switch Yard Civil Foundation

12.0 Temporary stores, office building, garage, etc. LS 4.20

13.0 Misc. civil works for conveyor supports, ducitng supports, fuel handling system etc. LS 16.80

14.0 Factory buildings for auxiliary services like water supply, laboratary, workshop LS 14.00

15.0 Administrative buildings & guest house LS 25.20

16.0 Misc. non-factory buildings like canteen, time office, change room LS 11.20

17.0 Garage / Parking LS 2.80

18.0 Architect fees LS 35.00

TOTAL 475.58

12.4 MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL WORKS

The project cost estimate includes the cost of all other auxiliary systems of the power plant,

like the cooling water system consisting of cooling tower, and the pumps, DM water system,

compressed air system. AC and ventilation system, fire fighting etc. Steam piping, high

pressure and low pressure, feed water piping, cooling water piping and all other piping of the

power plant.

The 132 kV transmission lines for evacuating power are also considered in the electrical

estimates. The cost of the generator transformer for stepping up the generated voltage to the

exportable voltage level, the distribution transformers for meeting the power requirement at

415 level for power plant, the power control center for feeding power to the plant, the cables


and bus ducts, complete earthling of the plant and lighting are included in the works cost

estimate.

Cost towards the plant erection, testing and commissioning have been included in the

equipment cost indicated. Also the cost estimates given in the report are inclusive of the taxes

and duties, freight and insurance.

The cost of the two years spares is estimated to be two percent of the mechanical and

electrical equipment cost which is included in the cost of the equipment included in the works

cost estimate.

The total cost of the mechanical and electrical works is expected to be around

Rs. 3236 Lakhs

Table 12.3 Machinery Cost including Electricals

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Equipment/ Machinery Amount

Steam Turbine & generator

(11 MW bleed cum condensing)

1050.00

Boiler & BOP

Boiler 1200.0

DM plant 30.0

Cooling water system and piping 60.0

Fuel handling system 140.0

Ash handling system 45.0

EOT Crane 25.0

Substation 210

Plant electricals 50.0

Cooling tower 60.0

Fire protection 25.0

Air conditioning & Ventilation 40.0

Utilities like water & comp.air 50.0

Erection 80.0

Transmission lines system 121.0

Miscellaneous like weigh bridge, chippers etc., 50.0

Total 3236.00


Table 12.4 Electrical Cost Estimation

Sl. No Description Quantity Amount in Lacs

1 11 KV Panel 1 37.00

2 NGR and Surge arrestor 1 5.00

3 33 KV SF6 Breaker 1 8.00

4. 33 KV control & Relay Panel 1 8.00

5 33 KV Isolator 2 4.50

6. CT 1 1.00

7. PT 1 1.00

8. Power Transformer – 12.5 MVA 1 80.00

9. Auxiliary Transformer – 1.25 MVA 1 20.00

10. MCC Panel 1 7.50

11. 110 Volts Battery set 1 2.50

12 110 Volts Battery Charger 2 10.00

13 DCDB 1 1.00

14 UPS 1 1.00

15 Cables 1 10.00

16 Lighting materials 1 2.00

17 Earthing 1 2.00

18 Steel Structure in tonnes 5 3.50

19 Erection Charges - 6.00

Total 210.00

12.5 CONTINGENCIES

A provision of about 5% of the costs of the civil and structural work, mechanical and electrical

equipment and other costs has been provided towards the contingencies, during the

construction of project. This contingency provision works out to Rs. 220.92 Lakhs.


Table 12.5 Contingencies

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Particulars Cost Contingency Provision

Amount

Site development 87.00 5% 4.35

Buildings 475.58 5% 23.78

Plant & Machinery 3236.00 5% 161.80

Misc. Fixed assets 92.00 10% 9.20

Pre-Operative Expenses 435.75 5% 21.79

Total 220.92

12.6 NODAL AGENCY’S REQUIREMENT

AEDA is the nodal agency to give approval to this project. They will also act as coordinators

for this project. As the policy is not yet announced, provision for nodal agency fee is taken as

Rs. 2.00 lakhs.

12.7 MISCELLANEOUS FIXED ASSETS

The cost of Miscellaneous fixed assets is estimated at Rs.92 Lakhs based on the budgetary

estimate received from the suppliers. The details are as under:

Table 12.6 Miscellaneous Fixed Assets

Particulars Amount Rs in Lakhs

The laboratory equipment 30.00

Workshop equipment 30.00

Vehicles 20.00

Furniture 5.00

Office equipment 7.00

Total 92.00

12.9 WORKING CAPITAL MARGIN

The working capital shall meet the requirements of raw material costs and the receivables.

70% will be bank finance and the 30% will be the margin money to be capitalized. The

financial analysis takes into consideration an interest rate of 12.25% for working capital

financed by bank. Working capital requirement in first year is Rs. 424.09 Lakhs. The total


requirement of margin money for working capital is estimated at Rs. 106.02 Lakhs on the

basis of raw material for 180 days and the debtors for 60 days in first year. On the above

basis, the total working capital loan requirement for the first operation year is estimated at Rs

318.07 Lakhs. In third year working capital requirement increases to Rs.576.50 lakhs and the

requirement of working capital margin money increases to Rs. 148.49 Lakhs.

Table 12.7 Working Capital

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Particulars / Years 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year

Current Assets Holding level in months

Raw-Material 6 months 125.53 147.77 171.23 176.36 181.65

Stores 6 months 7.50 7.88 8.27 8.68 9.12

Sundry Debtors 2 months 291.06 242.62 397.01 408.92 421.19

Total Current Assets 424.09 498.26 576.50 593.96 611.96

Less: Margin Money (25%) 106.02 124.57 144.13 148.49 152.99

Bank Finance Required 318.07 373.70 432.38 445.47 458.97

12.9 INTEREST DURING CONSTRUCTION (IDC)

The interest during construction period is capitalized to calculate the project cost. The IDC is

calculated considering the phasing of the capital expenditure given below.

12.9.1 Phasing of Capital Expenditure

The project construction period is 18 months from the date of ordering the main equipment.

The following gives the phasing of the capital expenditure on quarterly basis from the date of

ordering of the boiler and the turbo generator, which contributes the major expenditure.

Interest on loan for the construction period is taken as 12.25%. Interest during construction is

rounded off to Rs.412.00 Lakhs.

Table 12.8 Phasing of Capital Expenditure & IDC

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Quarter Capital Expenditure

Equity Term Loan Interest till the date of Completion

1 1421.48 355.37 1066.11 171.90

2 947.65 236.91 710.73 96.61


Quarter Capital Expenditure

Equity Term Loan Interest till the date of Completion

3 710.74 177.68 533.06 63.97

4 710.74 177.68 533.06 47.97

5 473.82 118.45 355.37 21.32

6 473.82 118.45 355.37 10.66

Total 4738.27 1184.57 3553.80 412.43

It is assumed that, equity will be 30% of the project cost, i.e. Rs1421lakhs

While calculating the IDC, it is considered that the drawl of long term loan from Financial

Institution will commence simultaneously with the bringing in the equity.

12.10 PRE OPERATIVE EXPENSES

Pre-Operative Expenses are estimated on the basis of expenditure incurred during the

implementation of the project. This is inclusive of the amount to be paid to AEDA, front end

fee, and the fees to be paid to obtain the statutory approvals including the registration of

company. Detailed engineering and consultancy charges are not included in the preliminary

expenses. Implementation period is around 18 months. The details of pre operative expenses

are as under:

Table 12.9 Pre Operative Expenses

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Particulars Amount

Nodal Agency's Fee 2.00

Travelling 10.00

Ireda Application Fee 0.00

Front end Fee 0.00

Company Incorporation Charges 8.00

Deposits 0.00

Trial run Expenses 3.75

Interest during the construction period 412.00

Total Pre-Operative Expenses 435.75

IREDA does not take the registration fee, and front end fee for the projects implemented in North

Eastern states. Hence this amount is not considered.


12.11 Detailed Engineering Fee

A provision of Rs. 70.00 Lakhs has been made towards the fees for detailed Engineering.

12.12 TOTAL PROJECT COST

Project Cost : Rs. 4738.27 Lakhs

It is assumed that 30% of the above total project cost, i.e. Rs.1421Lakhs will be met from

equity. The loan component of the project cost works out to Rs. 3317Lakhs.

Table 12.10 Summary of Project Cost Estimate

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Particulars Amount

Land & Site Development 87.00

Buildings 475.58

Plant & Machinery 3236.00

Mice. Assets 92.00

Detailed Engineering 70.00

Contingencies .22092

Preliminary Expenses 15.00

Pre-Operative Expenses(incl.IDC) 435.75

Margin Money for Working Capital 106.02

Total 4738.27


13. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

13.1 GENERAL

Financial Analysis carried out with the assumption of finance from IREDA. IREDA gives the

special interest rate reduction of 1% from the regular states biomass based power plant

interest rate and they don’t charge registration fee and Front end fee.. Assumptions for

financial analysis is given below:

A. Debt equity ratio is 70:30 B. Interest rate 12.25% C. Repayment period of 9 years including 2 years moratorium D. Project completion period – 18 months E. Repayment of loan in 28 quarterly installments F. Biomass(rice husk) Price: Rs. 1500.00 per tonne in first year and increases by 5% per

annum 13.1.1 This section of the report gives the financial analysis of the power project using rice husk as

fuel and the proposed tariff calculations(based on the ‘Cost Estimates’under section 12) for

sale of power to the grid.

13.2 MODE OF FINANCING

13.2.1 The total project cost with the interest during construction and working capital margin is

estimated to be Rs. 4738 Lakhs as given in ‘Cost Estimate’. Since the project fulfills the

norms of renewable energy biomass based projects, it is expected that the project will get the

eligibility of 70% of the project cost as long term loan.

13.2.2 Thirty percent (30%) of the total project cost i.e. Rs. 1421 Lakhs will be brought in as the

equity for the project by the Management of the power plant. The balance of Rs. 3317 Lakhs

will be mobilized as long term loan from financial Institutions.

13.2.3 It is assumed that this loan amount will be repaid in Seven (7) years in 28 equal installments

and there will be an initial moratorium of two (2) years on the loan repayment. An interest rate

of 12 % is considered on the term loan, and it is assumed that the interest payment and the

loan repayment will be quarterly.

13.2.4 This Power Plant will be located at Jagi Road, Morigaon District.


13.2.5 The project envisages no foreign exchange out flow, since all the equipment are assumed to

be bought from indigenous suppliers and foreign exchange if any will be organized by the

suppliers of the equipment.

13.3 PLANT OPERATION

ABEIL is planning to operate the plant for nearly 330 days. Installed capacity is 11 MW. The in

house consumption for power plant will be around 1 MW. It is estimated that, this plant will be

in a position to export around 10 MW to the grid. The plant load factor is taken as 90%

13.4 Raw Material Requirement and cost:

On an average biomass requirement is around 1.25 tonnes per generation of 1 MWh. Plant

will be operating for nearly 330 days, i.e. 7884 hours, including annual maintenance.. The

capacity utilization assumed is 90% from the first year itself. This assumption is mainly for

financial analysis. The price of rice husk is taken as Rs.1500 per ton as per current rate with

an escalation of 5% per annum.

13.5 SALABLE ELECTRICITY

13.5.1 The Gross generation of power in the new power plant will be 11000 kW. Out of this, around

10% of power will be consumed in the power plant, i.e.1000 kW. The balance power of 10000

kW can be supplied to the grid.

This exportable power with a plant capacity utilization of 90% will be supplied to the ASEB

grid. This will work out to (7884x10000)kwhr i.e.78.84 million units per annum.

13.5.2 The power generated is proposed to be sold to the ASEB at present, as ASEB is directed by

Govt. of Assam.

13.5.3 UNIT CAP PRICE OF ELECTRICITY

The Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, have recommended a price of Rs. 2.25 per

kWh, for the base year 94-95. They have also recommended an escalation of 5% on the Unit

price every year. While, many SEBs have not yet fully implemented these recommendations,

Govt. of Rajasthan had issued the notification indicating the base price of Rs.3.52 for the year

2004-05.

Since ASEB is having a deficit of 221 MU after the contractual purchases in 2006-07, it has to make up

the deficit by purchasing power from Power Traders at a high rate of Rs.3.57(avg) as indicated under


clause 2.7 earlier.We are assuming that, Assam State Electricity Regulatory Commission will give the

cap rate of sale of biomass based power of at least Rs.3.50 per unit upto a limit of 200 million units in

the year 2007-08 to make up the deficit of power.

13.6 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COST

The repairs and maintenance cost for this project has been assumed as Rs.61.56 Lakhs in

first year with escalation of 5% per annum. The salaries and wages of the operation and

maintenance personnel of the power generation plant is separately considered (Refer table

enclosed to the section on Manpower and Training) and the same have been worked out as

Rs.68.36 Lakhs, including a provision for contract labor service charges.

Table 13.1 Price escalations

Expenses Amount Escalation per year

Repairs and Maintenance 61.56 5%

Salaries and Wages 68.36 5%

Consumables 15.00 5%

13.7 ADMINISTRATION, OVERHEADS AND SELLING EXPENSES

The Cost included under this head is Rs. 75.28 Lakhs including Rs. 25.00 Lakhs for insurance.

This also includes the general administrative expenses.

Table 13.2 Administration, Overheads and Selling Expenses

Expenses Amount Escalation per year

Managerial and Administrative salaries 45.28 10%

Selling and Other Expenses 5.00 0%

Insurance 25.00 0%

Both Operation & Maintenance and Administration Overheads/Insurance are considered under O&M Expenses in the calculations for generation cost.

13.9 TAXES ON GENERATION AND SALES

No expense under this head is considered since this is not applicable.

13.10 ESCALATION PROVISION FOR VARIOUS COSTS AND EXPENSES


An escalation of 5% on the salaries and wages, 5% on the administrative expenses and 5%

on the cost of utilities is considered in the financial analysis. An escalation of 5% is considered

on the cost of fuel in the financial analysis.

13.11 DEPRECIATION

A straight line depreciation rate of 3.6% for the plant and machinery as provided in the Gazette

for a life span of 25 years is considered in the financial analysis. The depreciation based on

the above rates works out to Rs.170.57 Lakhs for a full year.

13.12 CAPITAL SPARES

1% of gross fixed assets amounting to Rs.Rs.47.38 lacs is taken as capital spares

per annum.

13.12 GENERATION COST and PROPOSED TARIFF

The annexed schedule gives the estimate of cost of production of electricity, for ten (10) years

operation from plant commissioning and the proposed tariff for sale of power to the grid after

considering a 14% ROI. Plant capacity utilization of 90% has been considered from first year

onwards in the analysis..

Documents

Abil a 11 Mw Dpr-1