Biology Investigatory Project

Effects of Fertilisers, Manure and Polythene on therate of elongation of the Hypocotyl

C E R T I F I C A T E

This is to certify that SHAHBAN ALIof Class XII Science has prepared the investigatory chemistry project entitled “To Study the digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of temperature and pH on it”. The report is the result of his efforts & endeavors.The report is found worthy of acceptance as final project report for the subject Chemistry of Class XII. He has prepared the report under my guidance.

(Mr. S.P. Gupta)PGT (Chemistry)Department of ChemistryKendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria.

Department of ChemistryKendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria

C E R T I F I C A T E

The investigatory project entitled“To Study the digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of temperature and pH on it”

Submitted by SHAHBAN ALI ofClass XII Science for the C.B.S.E Senior Secondary Examination class XII of Chemistry Practical at Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria has been examined.

SIGNATURE OF EXAMINER

D E C L A R A T I O N

I hereby declare that the project work entitled“To Study the digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of temperature and pH on it”, submitted toDepartment of Chemistry, Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria is prepared by me.

SHAHBAN ALI

Class XII Science

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T

I would like to express a deep sense of thanks & gratitude to my

project guide Mr. S.P. GuptaSir for guiding me immensely through the

course of the project. He always evinced keen interest in my work. His

constructive advice & constant motivation have been responsible for the

successful completion of this project.

My sincere thanks go to Shri Yeshdeep Rohilla, Our principal sir,

for his co-ordination in extending every possible support for the

completion of this project.

I also thanks to my parents for their motivation & support. I must

thanks to my classmates for their timely help & support for compilation

of this project.

Last but not the least; I would like to thank all those who had

Helped directly or indirectly towards the completion of this project.

SHAHBAN ALI

Class: XII Science

CONTENTS

1. Certificate by Teacher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Certificate by Examiner. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Acknowledgement. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. Material Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9. Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Selection

The given topic was selected by me as I found this to be achallenging task to complete and also very important knowledge to gain from it. It is nowadays noticed that in the pollution is increasing in our environment, and it is extremely important for all of us to know its effects on ourselves and the naturalsurroundings. Plants are the only source to purify our atmosphere and provide food to this world. Even the carnivorous animals are indirectly dependent on plants for their food.

It is very important for us to know the best way of living in this universe without harming it and ultimately living peacefully. Therefore, I have

selected this topic as my project as it gives the answers to my questions.

Contents

1) Objective............................................................

2) Introduction.......................................................

3) Materials acquired………………………………………….

4) Methodology………………………………………………….

5) Observation…………………………………………………….

6) Graph……………………………………………………………..

7) Results…………………………………………………………….

8) Data Analysis…………………………………………………..

9) Conclusion……………………………………………………..

10) Recommendation…………………………………………..

11) Bibliography…………………………………………………

Objective

Main Objective: - To study the effect of fertiliser, manure and polythene on the growth of the hypocotyl of a seed.

Specific Objective:- Through continuous observation of the growth of plants in fertiliser, manure and polythene the most suitable soil conditions for a typical plant can be observed. By observing such soil conditions, the productivity and growth of plants can be checked.

Introduction

Three anthocyanins were found in Vigna radiata (greengram) accessions with black seed coat, but were absent in cultivars having green seed coat. Vigna mungo (blackgram) had only one of them. The same 3 anthocyanins were found in cultivars with purple red hypocotyl of Vigna radiata accessions but were absent in the ones with green hypocotyls.Vigna mungo with purple red hypocotyls showed the presence of two anthocyanins. One common to both was identified as delphinidin-3-glucoside and the other is probably cyanidin-3-glucoside. Among the two accessions of Vigna radiata varsublobata examined, one was similar to Vigna radiata accessions with black seed coat having delphinidin-3-glucoside and two other

anthocyanins, while the other resembled Vigna mungo having only delphinidin-3-glucoside in seed coat and both delphinidin and cyanidin-3-glucosides in hypocotyl. Chlorophyll content of the seed coats was in the following decreasing order: green, black, brown and yellow.

Materials

1)Pots- 32)Gram seeds – 10-123)Fertiliser4)Manure5)Polythene6)Beaker7)Soil

Methodology

During the Making of this project, the following steps were followed:-

Pots, gram seeds, along with fertiliser, manure and polythene and other materials were brought and the pots were prepared to be sown.

Seeds were planted and watered. Fertiliser was added to the first pot, named as ‘Pot A’. Observations were recorded for that day.

Manure was added to the second pot, named as ‘Pot B’ the next day.

Polythene was added to the third pot, named as ‘Pot C’ the following day, and regular observations were made.

Watering and regular observation was being taken for 27 days.

After the observation of plants and their growth, observation was compiled and data analysis was made.

Conclusion was drawn from the data analysis for the three cases of planted gram seeds.

ObservationsObservations were recorded regularly for 27 days and the following data was gathered:-

Number of seeds planted in

1)Pot A- 42)Pot B- 53)Pot C- 3

DAY 1 Length of Hypocotyl (in cm)S. No. POT A(Fertiliser) POT B(Manure) POT C(Polythene)

1. 3 ½ 1 ½ 4 ½ 2. 1 ½ 1 23. 1 ½ 1 ½ 4. 1 (not germinated)

DAY 2 5. 8 2 76. 1 ½ 1 ½ 47. 2 1 4 ½ 8. 1 ½ Not germinated

DAY 39. 2 5 ½ 1110. 2 ½ 3 11 ½ 11. 2 ½ 4 1512. 8 6 ½

DAY 810 20 235 18 24 ½ 2 16 25 ½

Died 2011

DAY 912 ½ 22 25 ½ 5 ½ 20 ½ 17 ½ 2 ½ 18 25

1423

DAY 1015 23 25 ½ 6 22 292 20 ½ 24

1525

DAY 1518 25 ½ 2415 19 ½ Died

Died 30 Died24

Died

DAY 1618 ½ 25 ½ 2516 ½ 20

2532

DAY 18 16 ½ 20 DiedDied 32

DiedDied

DAY 1917 21 Died

35

DAY 27 Died 37 Died

There are some gaps in the observation as the school was closed during that time and I am unable to record the observations.

Graph

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 1st 2nd 3rdPot A Pot B Pot C

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Day 27Day 19Day 18Day 16Day 15Day 10Day 9Day 8Day 3Day 2Day 1

Data Analysis

According to the above observations, the following analysis was made:-

Due to access of fertiliser, some plants in POT A died.

Due to lack of water for some continued days, some plants had dried.

Seeds germinated in POT C died soon because of polythene present in the pot, which hampered their proper absorption of nutrients.

Plants in POT B were best grown in height and persisted for a long time.

Growth of plants planted in POT A was medium all over and can be considered as average.

Water consumption by the gram seeds was considerably low.

Conclusion

From the above data analysis, following conclusions can be drawn:-

Access of fertiliser can be harmful for germinating seeds. However, if used in an appropriate amount, fertilisers can be beneficial for plants.

Growth of plants can be observed best in manure, as it is a natural extract, and can supply better quality of nutrients to the plants.

Presence of polythene is harmful for plants, and it hampers the pathway for the plants’ absorption of nutrients. Therefore, it can be concluded that pollution can be very harmful to the natural environment and, ultimately it affects the humans.

Lack of water is extremely undesirable when plants or trees are growing, as water is an

essential part of their nutrition and is important in the developmental process.

Recommendation

Through the observations recorded and conclusion drawn from the collected data, it is clear that, planters should use manure the most in amount for the proper growth of plants. Fertilizers are also extremely useful for the growth of plants, but, if used in excess amount, then it can be harmful for the plants. Therefore, the amount of fertilizers used should be checked. Also pollutants, such as polythene, should be removed from the planting area, as these pollutants are harmful for the growth of plants and hampers their proper elongation. Also, regular watering is an essential criterion for growing plants, because this provides them with necessary elements and compounds for photosynthesis. At the same time, excess of water should not be provided to the plants, because of the probability of contamination.

Bibliography

1)Ask.com2)http://repository.ias.ac.in/3)Class- 11th Biology Text Book(NCERT)