Road design standards 6.1

Road Design Standards 6.1 Part A Introduction Page 1

Road Design Standards

- by Country

Image: Kanda Overpass, Ring Road, Accra - Ghana (Magnus L. Quarshie).

Tags design standards, geometric design, design manuals road design

Changes Updates and addiitions Modified page layout

Version

6.1

This version covers ● 79 countries ● 7 multi-country standards ● 3 special topics ● 128 pages

August

2016

Ghana Edition

Publication website: https://roaddesignstandards.wordpress.com/


Contents 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Purpose ......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Structure ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Change log .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Cover notes, disclaimer, copyright ................................................................................................ 4 1.5 About the Editor ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Contact .......................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Notes on Ghana ............................................................................................................................... 6 3 Background .................................................................................................................................... 10

3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 10

3.1.1 Countries ............................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.2 Types of standard ................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.3 Different standards for different road types .......................................................................... 11 3.1.4 One country, many standards ............................................................................................... 12 3.1.5 Different countries, different standards ................................................................................. 12 3.1.6 Multi-country standards ........................................................................................................ 12 3.1.7 Standards change over time ................................................................................................. 12 3.1.8 Standards are published in different languages ................................................................... 12

3.2 Standards in this document ......................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Evaluation of country standards .................................................................................................. 13 3.4 Evaluation of multi-country standards ......................................................................................... 14


1 Introduction

Image: Dr. Busia Highway – (Kaneshie), Accra - Ghana (Magnus L. Quarshie)

1.1 Purpose

Most countries issue their own guidelines on highway geometric design (and some issue more than one guideline). The guidelines offer a good place to start from when a new project involves road design in their country. Compiling a document on guidelines in different countries is also one step towards identifying current best practice in design.

This document provides an overview of what the current standards are in a number of different countries. The details are as accurate as could be prepared at the time of publication, but there are no claims that they are either complete or fully up to date.

1.2 Structure

This document has four main sections:

Part A Introduction

1. Introduction with some background notes on guidelines and standards 2. Month section this edition has some background notes on Ghana 3. Discussion Background discussion on standards and guidelines

Part B Detail pages

The detail pages are grouped into three sections:

4 Country pages - notes on guidelines and standards presented on a country-by-country basis 5 Multi-country pages - notes on standards which were designed to cover more than one

country 6 Special topics - single page notes listing documents on one or two special topics


1.3 Change log

Version 05.4 July 2016

Update layout, added more country pages, updated several country pages, added “month section” notes

05.03a January 2016

Modified cover page, added more country pages. Started to add charts (one only in this edition).

05.01 October 2015 Introductory text updated and extended. Page headers modified. Section divider sheets added. Several country pages added, other pages updated or checked. Some more multi-country standards added. Some updates to the text notes. Detailed tables modified, with symbols showing availability (and with “availability” notes deleted).

Version 4 04.03 July 2015 Some pages added, other pages updated or checked (here the page titles are usually in red in this version) Also started adding “special topics” pages.

04.01 March 2015 Modified detail page layout, minor changes to introduction and text section, new “Multi-country standards” section added, details on several more countries added.

03.01 July 2014 Modified detail page layout, added introduction, added more countries, added introduction

1.4 Cover notes, disclaimer, copyright

This is a research document. The best efforts have been made to make sure the figures are correct. However no liability can be taken for any of the details, information or analysis in this document.

The layout, look and feel of this document is copyright. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/


1.5 About the Editor

Robert Bartlett is an experienced transportation and urban development studies engineer with over 30 years of professional experience. Currently focussing on highway geometrics and parking studies he has also developed new ideas on subjects such as GIS and the study of social justice, urban land use classification, and network management systems. Invited to present papers at conferences organised by the EC, the US Institute of Transportation Engineers, the UK's AGI, and others.

Current engineering work: includes technical research in highway design standards and applications in areas such as urban planning and highway engineering. Considerable practical experience with leading UK and international consultancies, contractors and government organisations in Europe, the Middle East, and South-East Asia. Transport and infrastructure work presently involves publications on the dimensions of vehicles, and on road hierarchy and streets design.

Countries of work experience include: Albania, Denmark, Germany, Holland, Hong Kong, India, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, P.R.China, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, Tanzania, UAE, Uganda and the UK.

Robert Bartlett has a LinkedIn profile at

https://de.linkedin.com/in/robert-bartlett-8195202

1.6 Contact

This is a “work in progress” document. If you have any suggestions, corrections or details of potentially interesting documents not presently listed, contact the Editor at : [email protected]


2 Notes on Ghana

Background

Wikiipedia introduces Ghana as follows:

"Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a sovereign unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa. Spanning a land mass of 238,535 km2, Ghana is bordered by the Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, Togo in the east and the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean in the south".

The same webpage also says the country has a population of some 27 million people. Some 24% of the population live below the national poverty line (link). Poverty is worse in the northern part of the country, whilst Ghana’s population, income, and mineral resources are concentrated in the southern half of the country. When "accessibility" is defined as "% of pop without all-season motorable road within 1-2 km of household"Ghana has an accessibility of 20. In comparison, Germany has an accessibility of 0 (zero) and Ethiopia an accessibility of 60 (ref. 919).

Road network

According to a document from Ghana's Ministry of Roads and Highways (ref.2239), in 2012 there were 68,124 km of roads in the country, consisting of:

● 13,344 km of trunk roads ● 12,600 km of urban roads ● 42,210 km of feeder roads

It is not clear whether the totals include cycle ways or tracks and trails.

(The figure on the left is taken from National Spatial Development Framework volume I)

Road standards

Engineer Magnus L. Quarshie writes (ref. 2293) that:

"Ghana has a Geometric Design Guide published by the Ghana Highway Authority. This manual published in the 1991 was led and funded by the Japanese. It gives a standard for quality design in the Ghanaian context. Another manual which affects the design of roads is the Manual on Road Signs in Ghana….

Ghanaian Consultants and Regulators regularly consult foreign manuals and other publications in the pursuit of design excellence. It has become fairly common for American, European and British publications to be consulted in the design process where the Geometric Design Manual is found wanting. The AASHTO’s A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, popularly called The Green

Book, and the Federal Highway Administration’s Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices are two of such publications. "


Road users

There seems to be a tendency to assume the default value for "most used form of transport" is the motor car, and this may apply to Ghana as much as anywhere else. For example, in a paper published in 2013 (ref.2322), Gina Porter says of Ghana's Cape Coast city:

"In Cape Coast, as in many other African cities, transport-poverty linkages are strongly in evidence. The city’s middle class, including government and university staff, commonly own private vehicles for their personal and family use.... However, the majority of people living in the study neighbourhoods (Abura and Simiw) do not own personal vehicles. From small surveys with around 125 children (aged about 9–18 years) in both areas, it emerged that only 4.5 per cent of children’s households in Abura owned a private car and none whatsoever in Simiw".

Further, the final report of the National Spatial Development Framework (ref. 2317) says that

"Bicycle commuting is popular in the three northern regions, particularly in Northern where it accounts for about 50 percent of all commuters, but not in the others. In Greater Accra, where jobs are concentrated and roads are bicycle-unfriendly, 31 percent walk and 2 percent only bicycle to work.... Nationally, some 64 percent of commuters use non-motorised transport with 54 percent walking and 10 percent using bicycles".

New technology

Ghana may be lacking in terms of modern road design standards, but the country seems to very interested in applying new technology to the study, planning and development of its road networks. GIS has been used in studies on road maintenance management (ref.2321), in analysing geo-environmental data to find the least cost route for a new road (ref.2320), in "GIS a Tool for Transportation Infrastructure Planning in Ghana A Case Study to the Department of Feeder Roads" (ref.2319).

The country now has a National Spatial Development Framework . As described in volume I of the NSDF, "In Ghana, the agency responsible for all spatial planning is the Town and Country Planning Department, under the Ministry of Environment, Science Technology and Innovation. In 2011, TCPD established a “3-tier”, hierarchical, spatial planning system that comprises (i) spatial development frameworks, or SDFs, (ii) structure plans, and (iii) local plans, with each tier having its own function and process".

Comment

Magnus L. Quarshie (ref.2293) says that in

"There is a mix-up of foreign design standards as the Ghana Standard is not well-developed. Consequently foreign firms may sometimes bring in designs which may not work and there’s no way of knowing this by Ghanaian Standards. There has been no revision of the GHA standards for the 25 odd years it’s been in existence"

And

"Ghana has built a huge network of roads over the past 58 years of independence. It is important that as the country strives to attain its Human Development goals, this road network will be improved to help the effort. An effective and efficient Geometric Design process is one way in which improved safety, operations and optimal cost of road infrastructure can be achieved".


(The above figure taken from National Spatial Development Framework volume I)

And Stephen Yao Fiatornu (ref. 2319) says that:

“If GIS technology is exploited to it’s fullest extent in Ghana it will completely take over the decision making process in transportation engineering. The huge amount of information related to transport infrastructure in Ghana could be put together for its most efficient utilization in planning, design, construction, maintenance and management of the transport system”.

It might also be said that using new techniques such as GIS with inconsistent, out-dated and even wrong techniques such as geometric design standards, will lead to black-box approaches to road planning which will be certain to fail.


References

2318 - AICD country report "Ghana’s Infrastructure: A Continental Perspective", IBRD 2010

919 - Design and appraisal of rural transport infrastructure, World Bank technical paper 496, World Bank 91

2239 - Pilot programme based budget for 2013-2015 / final draft, Ministry of roads and highways, 2013

2293 - Magnus L. Quarshie "Ghana country report on geometric design", 2015

2237 - Magnus L. Quarshie "NMT - the Ghana experience" (presentation) Centre for cycling expertise, 52011

2322 Gina Porter "Urban transport in Cape Coast, Ghana: A social sustainability analysis", unhabitat.org, 2013

2321 DR.-Ing. Collins Fosu and Prince Charles Acquah, "Application of Geoinformation in maintenance management of roads in Ghana" (presentation)

2320 Kursah, M.B. (2014) – Geo-environmental assessment to identify a least-cost road in Ghana, Applied GIS, 10(3), 1-22

2319 - Stephen Yao Fiatornu, "GIS - a tool for transport infrastructure planning in Ghana", FIG 2006

2317 - National Spatial Development Framework volume I conditions and main issues, Government of Ghana, 2015


3 Background

Image: George W. Bush N1 Highway, Accra - Ghana (Magnus L. Quarshie)

3.1 Introduction

People say the world is becoming smaller. Companies sell the same goods in scores of countries, people from one country go on business or holiday trips in other countries and regions, most of the time without any particular problem. We could say the same about road transport - virtually the same cars are sold in every country, people from one country into and through in other countries, again generally without any particular problem.

If the same cars and the same people can be seen on the road in different countries, then perhaps road design manuals should say the same thing regardless of country. And if they don't, then maybe highway engineers could benefit from a study of the differences. But you cannot begin such a study if you don't actually know what the various current design manuals are.

The idea is therefore to prepare a list of road design standards for as many countries as possible. After that the preparation of summary notes should be quite straight-forward. Of course, life isn't that simple. It turns out that:


1. There can be different understandings of the term “country”

2. There can be different terms and meanings for the idea of a "standard"

3. One country can have different design standards for different road types

4. Countries often have several design standards, and these can give conflicting advice

5. Design manuals from different countries can give conflicting advice about the same design

parameter

6. There are a number of documents which cover several countries (“multi-country standards”)

7. Standards in a country will change over the life-time of its roads (so that the design brief for a

section built this year could be different from that for a section built in five years time).

8. Standards are published in different languages (even within one country)

A list of standards should therefore ideally include details of recently superceded documents, of multi-country standards, and of document titles in both the original language and in an international language such as English.

3.1.1 Countries

It is not clear how many countries there are in the world (different sources give different lists). This document is based on a UN publication (ref. 1648)

1, so that there are about 242 countries altogether.

It is also not clear what exactly a “country” is. For example, some parts of the world are not actually independent - they may be dependent or non self-governing territories. Some countries may be so small that - for the purposes of this document - they can be ignored. For example the population of Palau is less than 21,000. But Samoa, with a population of some 200,000, has its own road standards; and Iceland (population around 323,000) certainly has some interesting standards of its own.) A country may be part of another country - for example, Scotland is part of the UK.And some countries may be defined as fragile (or failed) states, ones perhaps where, from Wikipedia:

“central government is so weak or ineffective, that it has little practical control over much of its territory; non-provision of public services; widespread corruption and criminality; refugees and involuntary movement of populations and sharp economic decline”

There is even a “fragile states index”. However even a fragile state may have some useful standards on road design, as for example Nigeria (ranked as “high alert” in the index).

This document generally works to the document “UN Country classification 2012”.

3.1.2 Types of standard

For the time being this document uses the term "standard" to refer to documents which include information on the geometric design of roads. Other terms for these documents include “manual”, “guideline” and “handbook”. There may be differences in these “standards”; for example, a standard when as a guideline contains information which the engineer may choose to use; but standards may also be issued as instructions which contain information which an engineer is expected to use.

3.1.3 Different standards for different road types

I initially thought that a standard would cover all road types - for example, I expected that surface friction (whatever value the standard suggested) would be the same for all road types and classes. In fact this is not the case; some manuals give different values for surface friction depending on road class. The problem with this is that there is no agreement on what road types or what road classes there are even in English (that is, without adding the complication standards being developed in different languages).

1 Ref. 1648 - UN Country classification 2012


3.1.4 One country, many standards

Again, I expected that for any particular country there would be one standard which would have official status - or after some research, perhaps up to three (perhaps one each for regional, urban and rural roads). Once again, life proves to be more complicated. In some countries, “standards” are issued by several different levels of government (in the USA, by state and city authorities) and by some independent and professional organisations (again, in the USA, e.g. by NACTO). There is no reason to expect the different documents to say the same thing about any design parameter (otherwise what would be the point of them). The question then becomes , how can someone tell which of the different standards offers the best solution for a particular design problem.

3.1.5 Different countries, different standards

Many countries produce their own standards. There is no reason to suppose that these all say the same thing, although in a different language. This situation can present the design engineer with a problem, where for example he has to design a road in a country where the standard is out of date (such as Ghana), or where the road link he is designing crosses a country boundary.

3.1.6 Multi-country standards

There are arguably three types of standard which are not necessarily related to any particular country:textbooks, topic-specific standards,and multi-country standards. A multi-country standard is one which is issued by an organisation and is intended to be applied by several countries (one example is the design standard for the Asian Highway Network). Some of these appear to be too simplistic; they don’t give the same advice; they may not be updated as frequently as a country’s own standards; and they may anyway not give the best advice.

3.1.7 Standards change over time

Standards change with time, In the USA for example, editions of the AASHTO document “A policy on the geometric design of highways and streets” were published in 1994, 2001, 2004 and 2011. The advice given in a new edition will not always agree with the advice in earlier editions.

3.1.8 Standards are published in different languages

This can be the case even within one country (Switzerland, for example). The problem is that good ideas in road design may be published in a language which few engineers in the world can speak, and so are not given the acceptance which they deserve. Denmark and Finland are examples.

3.2 Standards in this document

This document includes details of what appear to be national standards, and often of other standards issued by organisations within the country. So for the USA there is reference to the AASHTO standard and also to some State DOT standards. There are separate sections for “multi-country” standards, and for “special topics”.


3.3 Evaluation of country standards

Just because an organisation or a country issues a standard is no indication that the standard is particularly good. The following table represents a subjective classification of the some of the countries’ standards considered so far.

Table 1: Subjective evaluation of some country standards

Good Useful Limited Minimum / none

Abu Dhabi Emirate

Australia

Austria

Finland

Germany

Netherlands

Norway

Russia

Sweden

Switzerland

Argentina

Bangladesh

Chile

Ecuador

Ethiopia

France

Hungary

Iceland

Ireland

Kenya

Nepal

Paraguay

Peru

Qatar

Singapore

South Africa

Spain

Tanzania

Uganda

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Bhutan

Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzeg

Brazil.

Colombia

Costa Rica

Czech Republic

Estonia

Georgia (Caucasus)

Greece

Honduras

Hong Kong

India

Indonesia

Italy

Nigeria

Portugal

Puerto Rico

Romania

Saudi Arabia

Serbia

Slovenia

Turkey

UK

USA

American Samoa

Anguilla

Antigua and Barbuda

Armenia

Belgium

Botswana

Croatia

Cyprus

French Guiana

Ghana

Libya

Mozambique

Samoa

Zambia


3.4 Evaluation of multi-country standards

Just because an international organisation issues a standard is no indication that the standard is particularly good. The following table represents a subjective classification of the some of the multi-country standards considered so far.

Table 2: Subjective evaluation of some multi-country standards

Good Useful Limited Minimum / none

Austroads SADC Arab Mashreq

ASEAN

Asian Highway Standards

TEM

Road Design Standards 6.1 Part B Detail Pages Page 15

PART B – DETAIL PAGES

The following detail pages provide information on standards related to highway geometric design.

There are three sections, which cover

individual countries

multi-country standards

special topics

The country pages are listed in alphabetical order.

The page layout is almost the same in each section. The exception is an initial “country” column in the

special topics pages. Each page has four sections: a documents table, some notes, some notes on

sources, and some weblinks.

The documents table has straight-forward details such as document name, publisher and year. The

column on the right, headed “Ref. No.”, Refers to the document identification number in the Editor’s

Document Management System (DMS).

The first column in each table (column A) sometimes contains a colour symbol � against a particular

document. This indicates the document is available in the DMS.

The notes section provides additional information about the standards listed for the particular

country.

The “source notes” section gives an indication of whether the country’s standards are substantially

derived from those of another country.

The Links section gives a few links for follow-up research..


Contents

4 Country pages

1 Abu Dhabi ........................................................................................................................................ 18 2 Afghanistan ...................................................................................................................................... 21 3 Albania ............................................................................................................................................. 22 4 Algeria .............................................................................................................................................. 23 5 American Samoa.............................................................................................................................. 25 6 Andorra ............................................................................................................................................ 26 7 Anguilla ............................................................................................................................................ 27 8 Antigua and Barbuda ....................................................................................................................... 28 9 Armenia ............................................................................................................................................ 29 10 Australia ........................................................................................................................................... 30 11 Austria .............................................................................................................................................. 32 12 Bangladesh ...................................................................................................................................... 34 13 Belgium ............................................................................................................................................ 35 14 Bhutan .............................................................................................................................................. 36 15 Bolivia ............................................................................................................................................... 37 16 Botswana ......................................................................................................................................... 38 17 Brazil ................................................................................................................................................ 39 18 Canada ............................................................................................................................................. 40 19 Chile ................................................................................................................................................. 42 20 China ................................................................................................................................................ 43 21 Colombia .......................................................................................................................................... 45 22 Costa Rica ........................................................................................................................................ 46 23 Croatia .............................................................................................................................................. 47 24 Cyprus .............................................................................................................................................. 48 25 Czech Republic ................................................................................................................................ 49 26 Ecuador ............................................................................................................................................ 51 27 Estonia ............................................................................................................................................. 52 28 Ethiopia ............................................................................................................................................ 53 29 Fiji ..................................................................................................................................................... 55 30 Finland ............................................................................................................................................. 56 31 France .............................................................................................................................................. 57 32 Georgia (Caucasus) ......................................................................................................................... 59 33 Germany .......................................................................................................................................... 60 34 Ghana .............................................................................................................................................. 61 35 Greece ............................................................................................................................................. 63 36 Honduras .......................................................................................................................................... 64 37 Hong Kong ....................................................................................................................................... 65 38 Hungary ............................................................................................................................................ 67 39 Iceland .............................................................................................................................................. 68 40 India ................................................................................................................................................. 69 41 Indonesia .......................................................................................................................................... 70 42 Iran ................................................................................................................................................... 71 43 Ireland .............................................................................................................................................. 72 44 Italy ................................................................................................................................................... 74 45 Kenya ............................................................................................................................................... 75 46 Latvia ................................................................................................................................................ 76 47 Libya ................................................................................................................................................. 77 48 Lithuania ........................................................................................................................................... 78 49 Malawi .............................................................................................................................................. 79 50 Malta ................................................................................................................................................ 80 51 Mozambique ..................................................................................................................................... 82 52 Nepal ................................................................................................................................................ 83 53 Netherlands ...................................................................................................................................... 84


54 Nigeria .............................................................................................................................................. 85 55 New Zealand .................................................................................................................................... 86 56 Norway ............................................................................................................................................. 87 57 Palestine .......................................................................................................................................... 88 58 Paraguay .......................................................................................................................................... 89 59 Peru .................................................................................................................................................. 90 60 Portugal ............................................................................................................................................ 91 61 Puerto Rico ...................................................................................................................................... 93 62 Qatar ................................................................................................................................................ 94 63 Romania ........................................................................................................................................... 95 64 Russia .............................................................................................................................................. 96 65 Samoa .............................................................................................................................................. 97 66 Saudi Arabia ..................................................................................................................................... 98 67 Serbia ............................................................................................................................................... 99 68 Singapore ....................................................................................................................................... 100 69 Slovenia ......................................................................................................................................... 101 70 South Africa .................................................................................................................................... 102 71 Spain .............................................................................................................................................. 103 72 Sweden .......................................................................................................................................... 105 73 Switzerland ..................................................................................................................................... 106 74 Tanzania ........................................................................................................................................ 107 75 Turkey ............................................................................................................................................ 108 76 Uganda ........................................................................................................................................... 109 77 UK .................................................................................................................................................. 111 78 USA ................................................................................................................................................ 113 79 Zambia ........................................................................................................................................... 115

5 Multi-country pages

1 Arab Mashreq ................................................................................................................................. 116 2 ASEAN ........................................................................................................................................... 118 3 Asian Highway Standards .............................................................................................................. 119 4 Austroads ....................................................................................................................................... 120 5 SADC ............................................................................................................................................. 122 6 TAH ................................................................................................................................................ 123 7 TEM ................................................................................................................................................ 124

6 Special topicss

1 Cycling and bikes ........................................................................................................................... 126 2 Non-Motorised Transport ............................................................................................................... 127 3 Streets ............................................................................................................................................ 128


4 Country pages


1 Abu Dhabi Revised June 2016

Documents

A Document Publisher Year Language Ref. No.

� Public realm design manual

Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council

2014 ? English 1972

� Roadway design manual version 2

Abu Dhabi department of municipal affairs

2014 English 2166

� Transportation impact study guidelines version 1.1

Abu Dhabi Department of Transport

2009 English 2275

� Trip generation and parking rates manual


2012 English 980

� Urban street design manual (version 1.1)


2013 ? English 1737

� Utility corridors design manual v. 1


2011 English 2279

� Walking and cycling master plan / part 1 network design


2014 English 1970

� Walking and cycling master plan / part 2 application of guidelines


2014 English 1983

� Guidelines for road design, construction, Abu Dhabi roadway design manual

Road Section, Abu Dhabi Municipality

1998 English 966

� Road geometric design manual (3rd ed)


2013 English 1370

Notes

Abu Dhabi is one of the Emirates of the UAE (United Arab Emirates).

The website which lists the guide to Abu Dhabi urban street infrastructure standards says “As indicated, the documents listed above will have an Emirate-wide application in future. For completeness and as an interim measure, until some of the above-mentioned documents have been adopted, certain documents will still apply during the transition period”.

It also looks like some of the quoted standards may cover the same area.

Abu Dhabi now has a range of very good road and urban design guidelines, which include a number of online tools such as the "Abu Dhabi Urban Street and Utility Design Tool".


Source Notes

The 2013 road geometric design manual was likely influenced by USA practice and manuals, as one of the two companies which prepared it was a USA consultant, and the greater part of the references refer to USA documents. However they do cover other countries as well, and the document review consultant was an Australian company. The urban street design manual has a list of references which also includes many from the USA, but the others come from a wide range of countries (including the Netherlands and Germany), so that the document could be regarded as "independent".

Links

● Abu Dhabi Department of Transport ● Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council ● Abu Dhabi Urban Street and Utility Design Tool


2 Afghanistan Revised June 2016

Documents


� Engineering manual for road and bridge sector (6th edition)

Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development

2014 English 2071

� Rural roads manual Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development

2013 English 1597

Notes

In February 2013 ANSA, the Afghan National Standards Authority, issued a request for proposals regarding the preparation of new standards and regulations. These are to include urban development, and highway street codes. So far no other details available, nor on what earlier standards existed.The Internet has reference to some Interim Road and Highway Standards, but no further details available as yet.

Source Notes

Judging by the references, the Rural roads manual is influenced by reference works / guidelines from the USA and from India. The Engineering manual is influenced by documents from Indian authors.

Links

● Afghan National Standards Authority ● Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development


3 Albania Updated December 2014

Documents


� Albania road design and construction standards ARDACS / Albanian road design manal / ARDM 2 Geometric Design

MPWTT 2007 ? English 1155

Albania road maintenance manual (parts I to IV)

MPWTT 2007 ? English -/-

Notes

Around 2007 the company EPTISA prepared a new highway design manual for Albania. They explain

that this material as it is exclusive right of Ministry of Public Works, Transportation and

Telecommunications (Albania). The document was developed as part of an EU-funded project

managed by the European Commission delegation in Albania.

The Delegation of the European Union to Albania indicated that the Albanian Road Construction and

Design Specifications,documents include the following:

ARCS 1 - General and Preparatory Works

ARCS 2 - Earthworks

ARCS 3 - Road Construction

ARCS 4 - Drainage

ARCS 5 - Structures

ARCS 6 - Road Equipment

ARCS 7 - List of Works

ARCS 8 – Requirement for Materials

ARDM 1 Guidelines for use

ARDM 2 Geometric Design

ARDM 3 Pavement Design

ARDM 4 Drainage

ARDM 5-1 Bridges

ARDM 5-1 Review Report

ARDM 5-2 Tunnels

ARDM 6 Road signs and markings

ARDM 7 Environment

Source Notes

Links


4 Algeria Revised July 2016

Documents


� 40 - Normes Techniques d'Amenagement des Routes (~ technical standards for the management of roads)

Ministere des travaux publics 1977 French 1657

� Conception et mise en oeuvre des travaux de VRD (~ Design and implementation of roads and utility services)

cnerib 2005 French

Also of interest:

� Cours de Route I, Chapitre 6. : Caractéristiques Géométriques des routes (Road design course ch 6: geometric characteristics of roads)

TECHNOLOGIE-U.F.A.S 2013 French 2281

Notes

The main document for road design appears to be B40, although this was published as long ago as 1977. B40 is also used for major urban roads. The document for urban road design is the "Conception et mise en oeuvre des travaux de VRD", published by the Centre National d'Etudes et de Recherches Integrées du Bâtiment (cnerib) (~ National centre for integrated construction research and studies). Design offices in Algeria also use French standards such as ICTAAL, ICTAVRU and ARP.

There are other documents in the B series, such as B50 for traffic and economic studies.

Some aspects of road design in Algeria are also covered by the CCTP ( Controle Technique des Travaux Publics ~ Technical control of public works), which has publications on road rehabilitation and pavement design.

Also Engineer Adel Nehaoua of the Société d’études Techniques de Sétif, has published a series of documents on road design, of which document 2281 above is one part.

The Ministry of Public Works website refers to three types or groups of roads:

● National roads ● Provincial roads ● Municipal roads

A major national road project is the Algerian East-West Highway project, which will eventually cover 1216 km and cost US$ 11 billion (Wikipedia).

Source Notes


Links

● Ministry of Public Works ● CCTP - Controle Technique des Travaux Publics ● cnerib


5 American Samoa Revised June 2016

Documents


Notes

Wikipedia says that "American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Samoa”. The country is very small, with a population of around 57,000.

Source Notes

It is likely that the country follows US practice on road design standards.

Links

●


6 Andorra Added July 2016

Documents


Notes

Wikipedia says that

"Andorra is a sovereign landlocked microstate in Southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. Created under a charter in A.D. 988, the present Principality was formed in A.D. 1278. It is known as a principality as it is a monarchy headed by two Co-Princes – the Spanish/Roman Catholic Bishop of Urgell and the President of France". The population is around 85,000.

Source Notes

It is possible that the country follows French practice on road design standards.

Links

● Andorra government website


7 Anguilla Added October 2015

Documents


Notes

Wikipedia says that : "Anguilla is a British overseas territory in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin. The territory consists of the main island of Anguilla itself, together with a number of much smaller islands and cays with no permanent population. The total land area of the territory is 35 square miles with a population of approximately 13,500.”

Source Notes

It is likely that the country follows UK practice on road design standards.

Links

● Official government website


8 Antigua and Barbuda Added October 2015

Documents


Notes

Wikipedia says that "The politics of Antigua and Barbuda (is) a unitary, parliamentary, representative democratic monarchy, in which the Head of State is the Monarch who appoints the Governor General as vice-regal representative. Elizabeth II is the present Queen of Antigua and Barbuda, having served in that position since the islands' independence from the United Kingdom in 1981"

The country is very small, with a population of around 91,000. English is the national language and, like the UK, the country drives on the left. There are about 1200 km of roads, some two-thirds of which are not paved. Source Notes

No confirmed information but it is likely that the country follows UK practice / road design standards.

Links

● Official government website


9 Armenia Added October 2015

Documents


Also of interest:

Armenia’s transport outlook (transport sector master plan)

ADB 2011 English 2165

Notes

A 1995 World Bank report (Ref. 1975) said:

“The Armenian roads are classified into five categories defined on the basis of traffic volume

only. The design standards are based on those used by the former Soviet Union. The geometric

standards of the existing roads are generally adequate except in difficult mountainous terrain

where hairpin bends and other reduced standards are common. The road carriageway and

shoulder design width are often too wide for the present traffic needs”.

The ADB's 2011 report (Ref. 2165) on "Armenia's transport outlook - transport sector master plan"

recommended the introduction of international design standards, particularly for geometry and

pavement design".

Armenia was part of the former Soviet Union. Recent advice is that Armenia uses Gost (Russian

standards) with guidance from AASTHO and EU documents, and is also developing its own local

standards. Gost standards are revised from time to time.

Wikipedia say s that some 958 km roads in Armenia form part of the Asian Highway Network,so

these roads are probably subject to the AHN multi-country design standard. Some Armenia roads

may perhaps be subject to the TENs standard as well.

Source Notes

Links

● Ministry of transport and communications


10 Australia Updated June 2016

Documents


� ACT design standards for urban infrastructure, DS03 Road Design

ACT 2014 English 38

� Adelaide Design Manual Adelaide City Council 2016 English -/-

� Canberra Central Design Manual

ACT English -/-

� NSW bicycle guidelines RTA of NSW 2005 English 1607

� Planning and designing for pedestrians: guidelines

Main Roads Western Australia 2012 English 1973

� Road classifications, geometric designs and maintenance standards for low volume roads

ARRB 2001 English 355

� Road planning and design manual, 2nd edition (a total of 14 documents in 10/2015)

Queensland department of transport and main roads

2015 English 2147 - 2160

Streets for people Government of South Australia 2012 English 2291

� VicRoads Supplement to the AGRD, Part 2 - Design considerations

VicRoads 2012 English 1590

� VicRoads Supplement to the Austroads AGRD, Part 3 - Geometric design

VicRoads 2012 English 1589

Notes

In December 2014 I split from this page any notes on the multi-country "Austroads" standards.

The existence of Austroads and the AGRD documents does not prevent other organisations in Australia from producing their own standards, or modifications of the AGRD guidelines. For example


VicRoads (the road and traffic authority for the state of Victoria) has issued a number of documents which supplement the AGRD, as well as a number of documents on designing for cyclists. Another example is the "Road planning and design manual", from Queensland.

The Local Government and Municipal Knowledge Base (link) says that the Canberra Central Design Manual is a design manual published by the Department of Territory and Municipal Services in Canberra, and that it It covers the design of a range of assets including;

● Paving ● Signage ● Street Furniture ● Trees ● Lighting ● Public Art

In 2016 the citry of Adelaide opened a website for its new "Adelaide Design Manual", which is basically on design of public spaces and streets. As the website says:

"The Adelaide Design Manual and its related documents is the product of an extensive process of research and analysis that has considered a range of public realm guidance developed at both the national and state level, and addresses a wide range of issues regarding the design and management of public spaces in the City of Adelaide".

The resource documents available on the website are worth looking through. Chapter 2 for example includes definitions of up to 13 different street types.

Source Notes

.Australia generally follows the Austroads multi-country design standards.

Links

● Adelaide Design Manual ● Canberra design standards for urban infrastructure ● Queensland road planning and design manual


11 Austria Updated July2016

Documents


RVS 03.03.23 Freilandstrassen - Linienführung und Trassierung (~ alignment and route selection... for inter-urban roads)

FSV 2014 German -/-

03.03.31 Querschnittselemente Freilandstraßen; Verkehrs- und Lichtraum (“Cross-section Elements of Rural Roads; Envelopes of Clearance“)

FSV 2005 German -/-

RVS 03.03.81 Ländliche Straßen und Güterwege (~rural roads and freight routes)

FSV 2011 German -/-

RVS 03.04.12 Querschnittgestaltung von Innerortsstraßen (~design of urban road cross-sections)

FSV 2001 German -/-

Also of interest

RVS 03.02.12 Fußgängerverkehr (~designing for pedestrians)

FSV 2015 German

RVS 03.02.13 Radverkehr (~designing for bicycles)

FSV 2014 German

RVS 03.07.32 Entwurfsgrundlagen für Garagen (~design basics for garages)

FSV 2010 German -/-

03.02.10 Nicht motorisierter Verkehr (~facilities for non-motorised traffic)

FSV 2014 German

Notes

The organisation responsible for the production of highway design standards in Austria is the FSV - the Forschungsgesellschaft Straße - Schiene - Verkehr (Austrian Association for Research on Road - Rail - Transport). The Publications page of the FSV website lists all the relevant documents, together with date of issue and an indication as to whether they are still valid and whether they have been updated. The FSV documents list appear to group roads into three types

● Freilandstrassen (inter-urban roads) ● Ländliche Strassen (rural roads) ● Strassen im Ortsgebiet (urban roads)

Here, “Freilandstrassen” includes motorways. Different documents cover different aspects - such as alignment, cross-sections etc.


Source Notes

Links

● FSV home page


12 Bangladesh Updated July 2016

Documents


� Bangladesh Road Design Standards 2004

Planning Commission 2004 English 1465

� Geometric Design Standards for Roads & Highways Department (draft version 4)

RHD 2000 English 112

� Planning Guidelines for Rural Road Master Plan

LGED 2010 English 107

� Road Design Standards for Rural Roads

LGED / JICA 2005 English 2162

� Standard cross-sections for RHD roads

RHD 2014 English 687

Also of interesst

Improving rural transport infrastructure - experience from Bangladesh

GIZ (Germany) 2014 English

Notes

The Roads and Highways Department (RHD) is part of the Bangladesh Ministry of Communications. The RHD has a document on geometric design, the "Geometric Design Standards for RHD". The version presently available for download from the RHD website is draft version 4 dated October 2000.

The "Bangladesh road design standards 2004" is a document from the Bangladesh Planning Commission and is for "standard designs and costing for zila, upazila and union roads, bridges and culverts".

LGED is the Local Government Enginnering Department, and its website says that the "Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) is one of the largest public sector organizations in Bangladesh entrusted for planning and implementation of local level rural urban and small scale water resources infrastructure development programs".

In Bangladesh, people drive on the left side of the road, as in the UK.

Source Notes

The RHD document has five documents in its list of references, three of which are from the UK.

Links

● RHD home page ● LGED ● Bangladesh Planning Commission


13 Belgium Updated July2016

Documents


� Infrastructuuraanleg voor sociale woonprojecten (Infrastructure for social residential projects)

vmsw 2009 Dutch 1780

� Infrastructuuraanleg voor sociale woonprojecten (Infrastructure for social residential projects)

Vmsw 2009 Dutch 1780

� Pedestrians vademecum Brussels Capital Region 2012 Dutch 1781

� Richtlijnen m.b.t. verhardingsbreedtes op gewestwegen (Information regarding pavement widths on regional roads)

AWV 2012 Dutch 1775

Notes

It appears that there are no formal standards or regulations concerning road design in Belgium. Most often road authorities refer to guidelines from other countries (e.g.the Netherlands). For specific issues there exist circulars or guidelines that are developed by Belgian road authorities, but not all these guidelines are publicly available. Source Notes

.Links

● Belgian road and traffic agency ● Belgian road research centre


14 Bhutan Updated July 2016

Documents

A Document � Publisher Year Language Ref. No.

Road Survey and Design Manual Department of roads 2005

Road Design Manual Part-1 (Geometric Design of Rural Roads)

� Guidelines on Road Classification System and Delineation of Construction and Maintenance Responsibilities

Ministry of Works and Human Settlement

2009 English 846

Also of interest:

� Bhutan Road Bill 2012 Government of Bhutan

2012 English 869

� Bhutan transport vision 2040 - integrated strategic vision

ADB and others 2013 English 2120

Notes

The population is still mainly rural, although more people are moving to urban areas. As recently as 2007, 21% of the population lived more than four hours away from the nearest all-season road. A 2009 ADB publication (see below) referred to the Road Survey and Design Manual and the Road Design Manual Part-1 (Geometric Design of Rural Roads) but no further details known as yet. Earlier, in 2004, the Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications prepared a set of documents on District Road Works. Documents from both these sets include geometric design details and typical cross-sections. These documents are available from the Roads Industry Council website. Source Notes

-/-

Links

● Ministry of works and human settlement ● RSTA Road safety and transport authority


15 Bolivia Updated July 2016

Documents


Manual de carreteras, vol. 1 / Manual de diseno geometrico (highway manual vol. 1, manual on geometric design)

ABC 2007 Spanish 894

Also of interest

Guía Nacional 17 Normas Bolivianas “Accesibilidad de las Personas Con Discapacidad al Medio Físico" (~Bolivian National Standards Guide 17 "Accessibility to the physical environment for persons with disabilities to the physical environment")

Ministerio de Obras Públicas, Servicios y Vivienda

2015 Spanish

Manal de diseno de calles par las ciudades bolivianas (~Street design manual for Bolivian cities)

Aire limpio / Swisscontact

2015 Spanish --

Notes

Bolivia's Highway administration department (ABC - Administradora Boliviana de Carreteras) introduced a series of new documents on highway engineering around early 2008. ABC's website presently lists several documents, including:

● Volume I - manual on the geometric design of highways ● Volume II - manual on drainage and hydrology ● Volume III - manual of traffic control devices ● Volume IV - manual on the testing of soils and asphalt materials

Source Notes

Links

● ABC home page


16 Botswana Updated July 2016

Documents


� Botswana Road Design Manual volume 2: materials and pavement design

Ministry of Transport and Communications

2015 English

Notes

The Botswana Roads Department is currently updating the Botswana Road Design Manual. A “first final draft” is now available for volume 2 of the manual. The foreword to the document says:

This Materials and Pavement Design Manual is one of a series of design manuals issued by the Ministry of Transport and Communications. The Manual is part of the revised Botswana Road Design Manual (BRDM) and the Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) dated 1982.The five volumes of the revised BRDM are: ● Volume 1: Road Types and Geometric Design including Standard Survey Methods for

Roads and Bridges. ● Volume 2: Materials and Pavement Design.(this Manual) ● Volume 3: Hydrology and Road Drainage. ● Volume 4: Design of Bridges, Culverts and Other Types of Road Structures. ● Volume 5: Road Markings and Road Furniture

Source Notes.

The foreword to volume 2 also says:

This Manual is one of a series that is being developed under the Institutional Co-operation Agreement between the Roads Department and the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA).

Links

● Botswana Ministry of Transport and Communications


17 Brazil Updated July2016

Documents


� 700: Glossário de termos técnicos rodoviários (Glossary of technical terms)

DNIT 1997 Portuguese 2207

� 706: Manual de projeto geometrico de rodo vias rurales (manual on the geometric design of rural roads)

DNER 1999 Portuguese 1798

� 718: Manual de projeto de interseções (Intersections design manual)

DNER 2005 Portuguese 1662

� 740: Manual de projeto geométrico de travessias urbanas (Geometric design manual for urban crossings)


� 741: Manual De Projeto E Práticas Operacionais Para Segurança Nas Rodovias (manual on road design and operation for safety)


Also of interest

� Manual De Projetos E Programas Para Incentivar O Uso De Bicicletas Em Comunidades (manual of projects and programs aimed at encouraging use of bicycles in towns)

Embarq 2014 Portuguese 2131

Notes

Brazil is the 5th largest country in the world in terms of area and of population. It has a population of some 205 million persons. Departamento Nacional De Infraestrutura de Transportes (DNIT) is Brazil's National department for transport infrastructure. IPR (Instituto de Pesquisas Rodoviarias ( road research institute) is part of the DNIT. The DNIT seems to have only a manual on geometric design of rural roads (and for example, none for urban roads or motorways). DNIT document titles begin with an identification number. Many of the 26 states of Brazil issue their own documents on highway geometrics and design. For example the Department of Highways page of Minas Gerais for example lists documents in a series on "Manual of procedures for the development of studies and projects in the field of highway engineering" (plus several other documents). Source Notes

It seems the DNIT documents are based on old AASHTO standards.

Links

● DNIT ● DNIT publications page


18 Canada Added January 2016

Documents


� Geometric design guide for Canadian roads 1999

TAC 1999 English -/-

Alberta highway design guide update 1999

Alberta transportation

1999 English 1114

Also of interest:

Pedestrian and bicycle facility design guidance

Regional municipality of Peel

2015 (download)

English 2269

Complete Streets by Design - Toronto streets redesigned for all ages and abilities

TCAT 2012 English 2268

Notes

The Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) website says that TAC "is a not-for-profit, membership-based association that provides a neutral forum to exchange ideas and information on technical guidelines and best practices related to the Canadian transportation and roadways sectors". The website also says that "TAC does not set standards, but is THE source for roadway-related technical documents, best practices, and national guidelines that are referenced in many jurisdictions across the country". However the TAC documents can be seen as default national standards, in particular the "Geometric design guide for Canadian roads". The TAC documents do not prevent other local administrations from producing their own road design standards. Robinson and others, writing in 2010 (ref.2267) say:

"There is no national road authority in Canada. Instead, constitutional responsibility for all roads generally rests with the Provinces and we build a uniform consensus on geometric designpractices across our country through the Transportation Association of Canada (TAC), a not-for-profit organization that is funded by the Federal Government, Provincial and Territorial Governments, Municipal Governments, and the private sector. TAC – under the technical guidance of its Geometric Design Standing Committee – produces and publishes the Geometric Design Guide for Canadian Roads.

Three Canadian Provinces (Ontario, Quebec, and Alberta) also publish their own distinct geometric design guides which are generally based on the TAC GDG, and these often introduce additional detail, or variations on design practices that are appropriate totheir particular road environments". Other authorities produce their own documents - for example the regional municipality of Peel has produced its own (and interesting) "pedestrian and bicycle facility design guidance" (ref. 2269). TACs 1999 geometric design guide is somewhat out of date, and a new edition is being prepared, with an expected publication towards the end of 2016.

Source Notes


A recent TAC publication (ref.2270) says that:

"The concept of complete streets .... is rapidly gaining technical, political and public importance in Canadian communities, but to date it has received little attention at a national level. The purpose of this briefing is to report on the status of complete streets in provincial and municipal transportation agencies across Canada, and to accelerate the transfer of information and lessons learned from moreexperienced TAC members

And

".... complete streets are those that can be used safely and comfortably by all road users without regard to mode of travel, age, physical ability, or time of day; this concept is applicable to many types of streets and physical contexts. Importantly, the phrase “complete streets” is not applicable only to physical design solutions, and communities are increasingly using the idea as the basis for more inclusive, integrated, healthy and sustainable processes around street planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance".

The short document "Complete Streets by Design" (ref.2268) is a readable introduction to the topic.

References

2267 - Canada, "Country report: Canada - Pressures for Change: New Developments and Emerging Issues in Canadian Geometric Design", Robinson et al, 4th ISHGD; 2010

2270 - Canada, TAC briefing note "Complete streets - policy and practice in Canada; 2015

Links

● TA (Transportation Association of Canada)


19 Chile Updated July 2016

Documents


� Manual de carreteras (Highway manual ) 2016 edition - a total of 9 volumes and 8 complementary documents

Ministerio de Obras Publicas

2016 Spanish 2294 - 2302 and

2074 - 2081

� Manuale de vialidad urbana Ministrio de Vivienda y Urbanismo

2009 Spanish 1103

Also of interest:

� Vialidad ciclo - inclusiva (~ inclusive road design for bicycles)

Ministrio de Vivienda y Urbanismo

2015 Spanish

Notes

In July 2016 the Roads Department of Chile's Ministry of Public Works issued a new and updated set of documents related to highway construction and design. The 9 volumes are: Dated 1997: Volume 1 book II / Planificación, Evaluación y Desarrollo Vial TOMO II "Evaluación de Proyectos Viales Interurbanos"(road planning, evaluation and development: inter-urban roads) Dated 2016: Volume 2 - Procedimientos de Estudios Viales (procedures for road studies) Volume 3 - Instrucciones y Criterios de Diseño (instructions and criteria for design) Volume 4 - Planos de Obras Tipo (drawings) Volume 5 - Especificaciones Técnicas Generales de Construcción (general technical specifications for construction) Volume 6 - Seguridad Vial (road safety) Volume 7 - Mantenimiento Vial (road maintenance) Volume 8 - Especificaciones y Métodos de Muestreo, Ensaye y Control (specifications and methods for sampling, testing and control) Volume 9 - Estudios y Criterios Ambientales en Proyectos Viales (environmental studies and criteria for road projects)

In March 2015 the Roads Department issued supplementary notes to volumes 2 to 9 of the 2014 edition of these documents.

Source Notes

Manual de Carreteras Vol. 3 section 3.206.6 lists design standards from several countries which it says were used as references, including the USA, Germany and Switzerland. The text has several references to AASHTO publications

Links

● Ministry of Public Works

● Ministry of housing and urban development


20 China Added August 2016

Documents


� 公路工程技术标准 / highway engineering standard (JTGB01-2014)

Ministry of Transport

2014 Chinese --

� highway route design specification (JTG D20-2006)

Ministry of Transport

2006 Chinese --

Also of interest

� 城市道路工程设计规范 / Code for design of urban road engineering (CJJ 37-2012)

2012 Chinese --

� 无障碍设计规范 / Codes for accessibility design (GB50763-2012)

中华人民共和国住

房和城乡建设部 /

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

2012 Chinese --

� 城市步行和自行车交通系统

规划设计导则 / City walking and cycling traffic system, planning and design guidelines

住房城乡建设部 / Urban and rural housing construction unit

2013 Chinese --

� Urban design manual for NMT friendly neighbourhoods

World Bank 2013 English 2257

Notes In China, there are five classes of highways: arterials (expressways, grade-one and grade-two highways), collectors (grade-three highways) and locals (grade-four highways). The highway route design specification has chapters on: Chapter I: General Provisions Chapter II: Cross-sectional Chapter 3: Design elements Chapter 4: Highway Cross Chapter 5: structure and related ancillary facilities


Reference 2257 above focusses on China and includes a case study taken from Wuhan. Source Notes Links

● Ministry of Transport


21 Colombia Updated July2016

Documents


� Manual de Diseno Geometrico de Carreteras

Ministerio de Transporte,

Instituto nacional de

vias

2008 Spanish 900

Also of interest

� Manual para el diseño y construcción del Espacio Público de Bucaramanga (~Manual on the design and construction of public spacesfor the city of Bucaramanga)

Alcaldia de Bucaramanga

2016 (download)

Spanish 2311

� Normas y especificationes para el diseno de carreteras

Dipartimento di Antioquia

1986 Spanish -/-

Notes

A paper by John J. Posada, Carlos A. González and Viviana Farbiarz (ref. 783) gives some useful background on the development of road standards in Colombia. For example the authors say that

"Regulations of highway geometric design have existed in Colombia since early 1970. This were defined for the national territory by government agencies, first by the Ministry of Public Works (1970) and latter by the Ministry of Transportation (1998 and 2008).... The latest version was issued by the Ministry of Transportation in 2009 and is applicable starting March of the same year..... Additionally, local governments create standards that regulate roads within their jurisdiction".

Source Notes

The paper referred to above also says that: "A common feature between standards is the use of foreign resources. All of the Colombian standard issues have been supported by standards developed in other countries. This needs to be improved through the creation of research projects that resemble the characteristics of the region, considering several of the elements, such as: friction factors, design vehicles, topography, among others."

Links

● Ministerio de Transporte, Instituto nacional de vias

● National highways institute


22 Costa Rica Updated July 2016

Documents


� Manual de especificaciones generales para la construccion de carreteras, caminos y puentes / CR-2010 (Manual of general specifications for the construction of highways, roads and bridges)

MOPT 2010 Spanish 1874

� Guía para el análisis y diseño de seguridad vial de márgenes de carreteras (guideline on the road safety analysis and design of road margins)

COSEVI 2011 Spanish 2130

Notes

The best information is that Costa Rica, as with some other countries, does not have its own highway geometric design standards, but uses the multi-country standards developed by SICA. COSEVI is the Consejo de Seguridad Vial (Road Safety Council). The document above deals with construction rather than design. Source Notes.

Links

● Ministry of public works and transportation ● COSEVI


23 Croatia Added November 2015

Documents


� Design standards for rural and regional roads (approximate title)

Miniistry of maritime affairs, transport and communications

2001 English 2179

Notes

Croatia presently uses tandards based on German standards for road geometric design. Pavement

structure design is based on the Croatian JUS standard and AASHTO publications.

Further research

The Croatian Roads website has some documents on road construction, tunnels etc. The Ministry of

Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure also has some relevant documents on its "regulations"

page (documents on topics such as changes to road classification, safety requirements in tunnels).

The University of Zagreb has a department of transportation engineering which can be a source of

information on road design in Croatia.

Source Notes

Links

● Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure


24 Cyprus Added March 2015

Documents


Geometric Design Standards for Inter-Urban and Rural Roads in Cyprus

Geometric Design Standards for Urban Roads in Cyprus

Also of interest

� Nicosia public transport enhancement programme - sustainable transport guidelines

Ministry of Communications and Works

2011 English 2039

� Streetscape manual Ministry of Communications and Works

2010 English 1791

Notes

Wikipedia says that "Cyprus is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Cyprus is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, and a member state of the European Union. MCW = Ministry of Works and Communications. The Nicosia sustainable transport guidelines draw heavily on UK publications, but also include reference to a New Zealand guidelne. Source Notes

Details of the geometric design standards were provided by the Public Works Department of the MCW. .Links


25 Czech Republic Revised July 2016

Documents


� ČSN 73 6101 Projektování silnic a dalnic (design of highways and motorways)

Czech Standards Institute

2004 Czech 2037

� ČSN 73 6102 ed.2 Projektování křižovatek na pozemních komunikacích (Design of intersections on highways, 2nd edition)


2012 Czech …

� ČSN 73 6110 Projektování místních komunikací (design of urban roads)

Czech standards institute

2006 Czech 1186

� ČSN 73 6110 amendment no. 1 Ministry for regional development

2010 Czech 1792

Also of interest:

� ČSN 73 6056 Odstavné a parkovací plochy silničních vozide (~parking areas for road vehicles)


2011 Czech

� ČSN 73 6058 Hromadné garáže. Základní ustanovení (~ Multi-storey and underground garages. Basic principless)


2011 Czech

Notes

The forward to the 2004 edition of ČSN 73 6101, commenting on changes to the previous standard, appears to say:

This standard regulates and complements the previous CSN intended to ensure conditions for enhancing road safety and allow the application of new technical knowledge in the design of roads and highways. Change in design categories including, in particular, single-lane roads, four-lane divided highway guardrail direction for suburban sections and six-lane highways and expressways.

The content and scope of articles on stretches of road transit villages, increasing the number of lanes, routes and spatial solutions drainage has been adjusted to reflect the current requirements. The average height of the driver's eye above the ground considered for the calculations outlook was changed from 1.2 m to 1.0 m.


Content standards spread of provisions for loading and through space and amenities roads and highways transport telematics.

A major change is the introduction of standard speed (in European countries known as the speed of 85 ) for the design and assessment of design elements that have a significant impact on driving safety in terms of the parameters of the road or highway. (Note: this speed is the operational speed – 85 % of drivers will use this speed or lower on the wet road without limiting by other traffic).

Another major change is a new look at the quality of traffic flows, its evaluation and use in your designs roads and highways.

The amendment of standard ČSN 73 6110 from 2010 contains changes due to a new law on parameters for disabled persons.

Source Notes

I believe Czech designers also refer to German standards

Links

● Ministry of regional development ● Ministry of transport ● Transport Research Centre (CDV)


26 Ecuador Updated September 2015

Documents


� NEVI 12 volume 2A: norma para estudios y disenos viales (standards for road studies and designs)

MTOP 2013 Spanish 1746

� NEVI 12 volume 2B: norma para estudios y disenos viales (standards for road studies and designs)

MTOP 2013 Spanish 1752

Also of interest

� La situación de la bicicleta en Ecuador: avances, retos y perspectivas (The situation of cycling in Ecuador : progress , challenges and prospects)

FES / ILDIS 2015 Spanish 2136

Notes

Ecuador's Ministry of Transport and Public Works (MTOP) recently published a new series of

documents on the design and construction of land transport facilities, NEVI-12 (NEVI is an

abbreviation of Norma Ecuatoriana Vial). The website lists 6 separate volumes and two

supplementary volumes. The two parts of volume 2 deal with road geometric design.

1. Procedures for road projects

2A Standards for road studies and designs

2B Standards for road studies and designs

3 General specifications for the construction of roads and bridges

4 Manual for environmental studies for land transport infrastructure works

5 Procedures for operation and road safety

6 Road maintenance

Supplementary 1 - Manual on economic evaluation of transport infrastructure projects

Supplementary 2 - Manual on quality control of the construction of transport infrastructure projects

Source Notes

.Links

● MTOP NEVI 12 web page


27 Estonia Updated July 2016

Documents


EVS 843: 2016 "Linnatänavad"( "City Streets")

EVS 2016

� RTL 2000, 23, 303 - Tee projekteerimise normid ja nõuded (~Road design standards and requirements)

EVS 2000 Estonian 1095

Notes

EVS is the Estonian centre for standardisation Source Notes

Links

● Estonian Road Administration

● Estonian Centre for Standardisation (EVS)


28 Ethiopia Updated September 2015

Documents


� Design manual for low volume roads part A (introduction to low volume road design)

Ethiopian roads authority

2002 English 1005

� Design manual for low volume roads part B (design standards for low volume roads)


2002 English 308

� Design manual for low volume roads part C (complementary interventions)


2002 English 1064

� Design manual for low volume roads part D (explanatory notes for low volume road design)


2002 English 1056

� Geometric Design Manual with appendices Final - Appendix


2013 English 1978

� Geometric Design Manual with appendices Final - Chapter 1-4


2013 English 1979



2013 English 1980

� Geometric Design Manual with appendices Final - Chapter 5


2013 English 2142


authority 2013 English 1977

� Geometric design manual Ethiopian roads authority

2002 English 1063

Notes

The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) has a webpage with download links for its various design manuals. These include the old (2002) edition of the geometric design manual and most of the new, 2013 edition (chapter 5 is missing from the download page). Other manuals available from this page include:

● Bridge design manual ● Geometric design manual ● Drainage design manual ● Road design manual - 2013 version


● Design manual for low volume roads ● Pavement design manual, volumes I and II

Source Notes

Links

● ERA Ethiopian Roads Authority


29 Fiji Added January 2015

Documents


Notes

Fiji is an island country with a population of around 860,000. One estimate says there are some

11,000 km of road (ref.1), and probably less than half of these are sealed . Advice is that the rural

roads are generally based on Austroads standards, whilst a "Safe Systems" approach is now being

used for urban roads.

Source Notes

References

1 How a team of Kiwis overhauled the Fiji roads system 2015

.Links

● Fiji roads authority


30 Finland Updated July 2016

Documents


� Tien suuntauksen suunnittelu (Road alignment desgn)

Finnish Transport Agency

2013 Finnish 1159

� Helsingin katutila ja kaupunkikuva – ohjeita ja esimerkkejä (Helsinki street space and townscape, instructions and examples)

Helsinki transport planning department

2004 Finnish 2145

� Katupoikkileikkausten Suunnitteluohjeet (road cross-sections, instructions)


2001 Finnish 2144

Also of interest

� Jalankulku- ja pyöräilyväylien suunnittelu (~Pedestrian and bike lanes planning guidelines)

Finnish Transport Agency

2004

Notes

The Finland standard on road alignment design is Transport agency guideline 30 / 2013 (Liikenneviraston ohjeita 30/2013). The city of Finland's website has some detailed documents on street designs and cross-sections. Some information obtained with the help of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of the University of Aalto. Kulkulaaria - walking and cycling national databank - makes available a number of documents on designing for pedestrians and cyclists. Source Notes

Links

● Finnish transport agency ● Finnish Road Association ● Kulkulaaria - walking and cycling national databank


31 France Updated July 2016

Documents


� ARP - Aménagement des routes principales (planning of main roads)

SETRA 1994 French 1831

� ICTAAL - Instruction sur les conditions techniques d'amenagement des autoroutes de liaison (Guide on technical design of motorways)

SETRA 2015 French link

� ICTAVRU - Instruction sur les conditions techniques d'amenagement des voies rapides urbanes (Guide on technical design of urban freeways)

Certu 2009 French 1829

� Le Plan de mobilité rurale (Rural mobility plan) (update)

CEREMA 2016 French

� Voirie urbaine - Guide d'aménagement (~Urban roads design guide)

CEREMA 2016 French link

Also of interest

� Comprendre les principaux parametres de conception geometrique des routes (understanding the principle parameters for the geometric design of roads)

SETRA 2006 French 1889

� Guide espaces publics communautaires (guide on design of public open spaces)

LACUB 2009 French 1833

� Guide pour la conception des amenagements cyclables (Guide on the planning of cycle routes)

GRANDLYON

2012? French 1835

Notes

ICTAAL has a new edition of its "Instruction sur les conditions techniques d'amenagement des autoroutes de liaison (Guide on technical design of motorways). The document Guide espaces publics communautaires (guide on design of public open spaces) includes a number of cros-section illustrations. In January 2014 a number of independent organisations, including SETRA and Certu, were merged into a new organisation called "Cerema" (Centre of expertise and research into safety, the environment, mobility and planning). There is also a website, apparently under Cerema, called the DTRF (La Documentation des Techniques Routières Françaises ~ documents on French road techniques). Presently this says that documents from two relevant organisations are not being added to this document library. The two organisations are:

● DTecTV (Centre de documentation de la Direction technique Territoires et ville)


● IFSTTAR (Institut français des sciences et technologies des transports, de l’aménagement et des réseaux ~ French Institute of Sciences and Technologies fortransport, development and resources)

The DTRF did not seem easy to use in the past, and now CEREMA plans to improve and update the DTRF site during 2016. Source Notes

Links

● Cerema ● DTRF


32 Georgia (Caucasus) Added December 2014

Documents


� SST Gzebi:2009 / Georgia road design standards

LEPL National Agency for Standards

2009 English 1389

Notes

The document “SST Gzebi:2009” appears only to apply to "public motor roads". It gives details of geometrical and structural requirements. Meanwhile a document (ref. 1393) for the Municipal Development Fund in 2013 said that:

The Georgian norms SST Gzebi:2009, TEM standard and AASHTO standard were applied during preparation of the design documentation for Modernization of Tbilisi~Rustavi section (Section 2) of the Tbilisi~Redbridge(Azebaijani Boarder) road as well as such other design-construction norms. ● Design for road – TEM Standard (Trans-European North-south Motorway) ● Design for Bridges and overpasses – AASHTO Standard .

And that Application of various norms and standards is caused by the fact the Georgian National Standards are not comprehensive and do not include all required norms and regulations and still under elaboration

Another document (ref. 1394 of 2011) says that the Government of Georgia has adopted international legislation including on the Asian Highway (AH), 2001 and the • Trans-European Motorway (TEM), 1992. Source Notes.

References 1393 “EE for Tbilisi Rustaviurban link section 2”, Municipal Development Fund (2013) 1394 Gvenetadze et al, “Safety directions of road transport in Georgia”, Inland Transport Security

Discussion Forum OSCE-UNECE Roundtable (2011)

Links


33 Germany Updated July 2016

Documents


� RIN - Richtlinien für integrierte Netzgestaltung (Guidelines for the development of integrated networks)

fgsv 2008 German 1784

� RAA - Richtlinien für die Anlage von Autobahnen (Guidelines for the construction of motorways)


� RASt - Richtlinien für die Anlage von Stadtstrassen (Guidelines for the construction of urban roads)


� RAL - Richtlinien für die Anlage von Landstrassen (Guidelines for the construction of rural roads)

fgsv 2012 German -/-

Also of interest:

ERA 2010: Grundlage für Planung & Betrieb von Radverkehrsanlagen (principles for the design and operation of cycling facilities)

fgsv 2010 German -/-

� Musterlösungen für Radverkehrsanlagen in Baden-Württemburg (~Best practice examples for bicycle infrastructure in Baden-Württemburg)

Ministerium für Verkehr und Infrastruktur Baden-Württemberg

2016 German

Notes

The Richtlinien (guideline) documents are published by Germany's FGSV, (Road and Transportation Research Association) which is a non-profit organisation with members from both engineering and scientific backgrounds. The fgsv documents are widely respected, and are used in a number of other countries (for example, Greece). The document ERA 2010 has been fully translated into Czech. English language versions of RAA and RASt are available from the fgsv. Source Notes

Independent, integrated set of standards, recently updated .Links

● fgsv


34 Ghana Updated July 2016

Documents


Geometric design guide Ghana Highway Authority

1991 English -/-

� Traffic Calming Design Guideline Ministry of Transportation

2007 English 2292

Also of interest

� Intermediate means of transport: an extended review paper with special reference to Ghana

DfID UK / University of Durham

2003 English 2234

� NMT - the Ghana experience (presentation)

Centre for Cycling Experience

2011 English 2237

� Ghana country report on geometric design

5th International Symposium on Highway Geometric Design (ISHGD)

2015 ? English 2293

� Ghana National Spatial Data Strategy 2015 - 2035

Government of Ghana

2015 English

Notes

Ghana is a country in West Africa, and has a population of some 27 million. The official language is

English.

In 2015 Engineer Magnus Quarshie presented a paper (ref. 2293) at the 5th ISHGD which explained

the present situation with road design standards in Ghana. He referred to the Geometric design guide

and said that "It has become fairly common for American, European and British publications to be

consulted in the design process where the Geometric Design Manual is found wanting." He also

writes critically of problems such as lack of consistency in road design in Ghana, and says "there is

the need for a new design standards and manuals for our rural roads, highways and urban roads".

The paper also gives notes on background, such as:

● The Ghana Highway Authority (GHA) was established in 1974 with responsibility for the

administration, control, development and maintenance of the country's trunk road network.

● The Department of Urban Roads (1988) and Department of Feeder Roads (1980) are

responsible for supervision of works on roads in urban settlements and connecting rural

settlements respectively.

Mr. Quarshie’s presentation on NMT in Ghana (ref. 2237) is also of interest.


Source Notes

Links

Ministry of roads and highways (MRH)

Ghana Institute of Engineers


35 Greece Revised June 2016

Documents


� "ΟΜΟΕ-Χ" - Οδηγίες Μελετών Οδικών Έργων-Χαράξεις / (Guidelines for Road Works-Highway Alignment)

Ministry of Infrastructures, Transport and Networks

2001 Greece

Notes

Greece's Ministry of Infrastructures, Transport and Networks published a series of guidelines for the design of highways (Οδηγίες Μελετών Οδικών Έργων or "ΟΜΟΕ") from1999. One of these is a guideline on geometric design, "ΟΜΟΕ-Χ" which was published in 2001 and which covers rural highways. It is based mainly on the German guideline RAS-L.

Source Notes

To an extent based on German design standards such as the RAS-L..

Links

● Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks


36 Honduras Updated December 2014

Documents


� Tomo 3 - Instrucciones De Diseño (~ design instrucions

SOPTRAVI 1996 Spanish 1943

Notes

The "year" date of 1996 is indicated in the document headings. The documents were published by the

Honduras Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Housing (SOPTRAVI) in 8 volumes (see below).

Volume 3 deals with geometric design.

● Tomo 1 (Información General, Administración y Contratos)

● Tomo 2 (Reconocimiento y Trazado De Caminos)

● Tomo 3 (Instrucciones De Diseño)

● Tomo 4 (Diseño De Pavimentos y Mantenimiento De Caminos)

● Tomo 5 (Especificaciones Generales Para La Construcción)

● Tomo 6 (Drenaje y Puentes)

● Tomo 7 (Planos De Obra Tipo)

● Tomo 8 (Guía Ambiental Para Proyectos Viales)

Roughly translated as:

1. General information, administration and contracts

2. Identification and route alignment

3. Design instructions

4. Pavement design and maintenance

5. General construction specifications

6. Drainage and structures

7. Other works

8. Environmental design guide

Source Notes

.Links


37 Hong Kong Updated October 2015

Documents


� APP111 - Design of car parks and loading/unloading facilities

Building Authority 2011 English 1466

� Hong Kong planning standards and guidelines, chapter 11: urban design guidelines

Planning Department 2006 English 2169

� Hong Kong planning standards and guidelines, chapter 11: urban design guidelines


� Hong Kong planning standards and guidelines, chapter 8: internal transport facilities


� Hong Kong planning standards and guidelines, chapter 8: internal transport facilities


� Transport planning and design manual, chapter 2, "Highway design characteristics"

Transport Department 2001 English 55

� Transport planning and design manual, chapter 7, "Parking"

Transport Department 2001 English

Also of interest:

� Cycling study, final report Transport Department 2004 English 2000

Notes

The introduction to chapter 7 of the Transport planning and design manual (TPDM) says that the

manual consists of 11 volumes:

1. Transport planning (ref. 2167)

2. Highway design characteristics (ref. 55)

3. Traffic signs and road markings

4. Road traffic signals

5. Accident investigation and prevention

6. Traffic and environmental management


7. Parking (ref. 2001)

8. Survey

9. Public transport (ref. 2003)

10. Surveillance

11. Tunnels

The Hong Kong Planning Department has issued its Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines.

As at June 2015 the chapters in these planning standards are:

Ch1 Introduction

Ch2 Residential Densities

Ch3 Community Facilities

Ch4 Recreation, Open Space & Greening

Ch5 Industry

Ch6 Retail Facilities

Ch7 Utility Services

Ch8 Internal Transport Facilities (ref. 2168)

Ch9 Environment

Ch10 Conservation

Ch11 Urban Design Guidelines

Ch12 Miscellaneous Planning Standards & Guidelines

Source Notes

.Links

● Hong Kong Highways Department ● Hong Kong Planning Department ● Hong Kong Transport Department


38 Hungary Updated October 2015

Documents


� Közutak tervezése (KTSZ) (Road Planning) ref. e-UT 03.01.11

MAUT 2008 Hungarian 2170

� UT 2-1-201:2004 Road planning: General road design regulations and special requirements for design of motorways, rural and urban roads.

Also of interest:

� e-UT 02/03/32 Design of parking garages

MAUT 1998 Hungarian -/-

Notes

MAUT is the name ofthe Hungarian Road Society. The MAUT website says: The best experts of various organizations such as highway administrative agencies, research institutes, design and consulting companies, construction enterprises and local governments are participating in the activity of the Society, reflecting the wide scope of technical regulation problems and common interests. The Society is preparing technical regulations within 30 working groups, in coordination with the executives of the highway administration and submits them for approval for use in the national highway network. At the same time - in accordance with the European practice - the guidelines are recommended to local governments.

Source Notes

.Links

MAUT (Hungarian Road Society)


39 Iceland Revised July 2016

Documents


� Veghönnunarreglur (~ road design regulations)

Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration (IRCA)

2010 Icelandic 2288

Also of interest:

� Hönnun fyrir reiðhjól Leiðbeiningar (Regulations on designing for bicycles)

City of Reykjavik 2012 Icelandic 2289

� Hönnun stofnbrauta í borgarumhverfi og þéttri byggð (~ Designing main roads in urban and dense residential areas) - research work

Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration (IRCA) and MANNVIT

2014 Icelandic

� Stefna um notkun nýrra veghönnunarreglna (Policy on the use of the new design regulations)

Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration (IRCA)

2011 Icelandic 2287

Notes

The principal document for road design is the Veghönnunarreglur (~ road design regulations). Copies can be downloaded from the website of the IRCA. Where local standards are not sufficient, engineers in Iceland use Norwegian standards, and if appropriate also German, Swedish and Danish standards. The USA's Highway Capacity Manual is also referred to.

Source Notes

The Veghönnunarreglur are based on guidelines from a number of European countries, including Norway, Germany, Sweden and Denmark.

Links

● VEGAGERDIN - Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration (IRCA)


40 India Updated December 2014

Documents


� IRC SP: 73 Manual for standards and specification for two laning laning of state highways on BOT basis

Planning Commission 2007 (reprint 2010)

English 1566

� IRC: 73 Geometric design standards for rural (non-urban) highways

IRC 1980 / 1990

English 293

� IRC: 86 Geometric design standards for urban roads in plains

IRC 1983 / 1991

English 93

� IRC: SP: 84 Manual for standards and specification for two laning of highways through PPP

Planning Commission 2010 English 1555

IRC: SP: 87 Manual for standards and specification for six laning of highways through PPP

Planning Commission English n/a

Also of interest:

� Street design guidelines .... for equitable distribution of road space

UTTIPEC / Delhi Development Authority

2010 English 1450

Notes

The most important source of documents on standards for road design in India is the Indian Road Congress (IRC). A catalogue of publications available for sale can be downloaded from the IRC website. The Delhi street design guideline is also an interesting document. It includes details on pedestrian zones, non-motorised transport, street lighting, underground utilities, and a selection of street cross-sections. It seems that India’s Border Roads Organisation has a design manual for mountain roads, but no details are so far available. Source Notes

.Links

● IRC India Roads Congress


41 Indonesia Updated December 2014

Documents


� RSNI-T-XX-2008 Standar geometri jalan bebas hambatan untuk jalan tol (geometry for freeways and highways)

BSN (National Standardization Agency)

2008 Indonesian Yes

� RSNI T-14-2004 Geometri Jalan Perkotaa (urban road geometry)


2014 Indonesian Yes

� SNI 03-6967-2003: Persyaratan umum sistem jaringan dan geometrik jalan perumahan (Indonesia National Standard for networks and residential streets)


2003 Indonesian Yes

Notes

The Indonesian documents quoted are published by the Indonesian National Standardization Agency. However the government body responsible for roads is the Directorate General of Land Transportation. The Delhi street design guideline is also an interesting document. It includes details on pedestrian zones, non-motorised transport, street lighting, underground utilities, and a selection of street cross-sections. It seems that India’s Border Roads Organisation has a design manual for mountain roads, but no details are so far available. Source Notes

.Links

● Directorate General of Land Transportation


42 Iran Updated February 2015

Documents


� Code 415 Road geometric design code

MOPRG 2012 Persian Yes

Also of interest:

� Code 161 Road geometric design code

MOPRG 1996 Persian No

Notes

MOPRG is the Management and Planning Organisation of Iran. Iran is covered by the Asian Highway Standards. Source Notes

.Links

● MPORG website


43 Ireland Updated July 2016

Documents


� Design manual for urban roads and streets

DTTAS 2013 English 859

� TD10 - Road link design for type 2 and type 3 dual carriageways

NRA 2007 English 1195

� TD27 - cross-sections and headroom NRA 2011 English 1196

� TD9 - Road link design NRA 2012 English 1190

Also of interest:

� National cycle manual NTA 2011 English 1116

� Traffic management guidelines Department of Transport

2003 English

Notes

The National Roads Authority (NRA) is responsible for Ireland's national road network. County councils are responsible for the local and regional roads. The NRA has a standards website, from which documents relating to the design, construction and maintenance of national roads can be accessed. The Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport (DTTAS) has specific objectives concerning roads. These include:

● ensure, as far as possible, the provision of a safe and efficient network of national roads, ● ensure, as far as possible, the provision of a safe and efficient network of regional and local

roads The Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government (DECLG) is a ministry responsible for local government. The DECLG and the DTTAS were responsible for the new design manual for urban roads and streets, which was issued in March 2013. There is an organisation, Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) which “is responsible for managing and improving the country's national road and light rail networks”. In June 2016 TII launched a publications website, which offers access to documents such as standard cross-sections.The DTTAS also has a publications website. Source Notes

Wikipedia says that:


"Rather than create a separate design manual for roads in the Republic of Ireland, the UK's Design Manual for Roads and Bridges has also applied in the Republic of Ireland since 2001, with an additional addendum inserted by the National Roads Authority to cater for local conditions in the country. In this form it is known as the NRA Design Manual for Roads and Bridges or NRADMRB. The Irish version incorporates Volumes 1,2, 4-8 and part of Volume 9 of the UK DMRB".

Several documents are based on UK standards. .Links

● Department of transport, tourism and sport ● NRA Standards ● National Roads Authority (NRA) ● TII publications website


44 Italy Updated December 2014

Documents


� Norma CNR-78-1980 - Norme sulle caratteristiche geometriche delle strade extra-urbane

CNR 1980 Italian 766

� Norme funzionali e geometriche per la costruzione delle intersezioni stradali

Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport

2006 Italian 1203

� Norme funzionali e geometriche per la costruzione delle strade


2001 Italian 1200

� orma per gli interventi di adeguamento delle strade esistenti (21. Marzo 2006) (~ standards for upgrading of existing roads)


2006 IItalian 1202

Notes

The standards are published by the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport. Much research on road design is carried out by the CNR, the National Research Council. A useful site for copies of Italian design standards is Stradelandia (see link below). Source Notes

.Links

● Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport ● CNR


45 Kenya Updated December 2014

Documents


� Design manual for roads and bridges, part 1a / geometric design (Draft version of October 2009)

Ministry of Roads 2009 English 1608

� Road design manual part 1 - geometric design of rural roads

Ministry of Works 1979 English 1689

Notes

It seems that the EU funded an update of Kenya's road and bridge design manuals and specifications around 2008. No other information available so far, but there are are probably other related documents. The 2009 document covers both urban and rural roads. The 1979 manual superceded the preceding manual of 1970, and was itself superceded by the 2009 manual. Source Notes

In Kenya, people drive on the left side of the road (as the UK). In fact, the country was a former British colony, gaining independence in 1963. I suspect that the 1979 standards are related to UK standards.

.Links

● Kenya urban roads authority ● Kenya rural roads authority


46 Latvia Updated December 2014

Documents


� AUTOCEĻU PROJEKTĒŠAN (road design)

RTU / TU 2006 Latvian 1769

LVS 190-1:2000 Road design and geometry

LVS 2012 Latvian -/-

Notes

Technical standards on roads are published by the LVS (Latvian standards authority). The standards can be purchased on-line from their "e-store". Note that although the document number includes "2000" the LVS website says it was approved and came into force in 2012. Other current documents listed on the LVS website include: LVS 190-1:2000 Road design and geometry LVS 190-2:2007 Technical parameters, standard cross sections of roads LVS 190-2:2007 /A1:2010 Technical parameters, standard cross sections of roads LVS 190-2:2007 /A2:2013 Technical parameters, standard cross sections of roads LVS 190-3:2012 Road design specifications. Part:3. Road junctions at grade LVS 190-4:2001 Split level road junctions LVS 190-4:2001 /A1:2002 Split level road junctions Riga Technical University's Transport Institute published a guide to road design "AUTOCEĻU PROJEKTĒŠANA" (2006), which is largely based on Latvian standards. Source Notes

.Links

● LVS ● Ministry of Transport


47 Libya Updated December 2014

Documents


Road design manual Roads and transport authority

2014 ? --

Notes

The Jordanian company CEC announced that it is preparing a new Road Design Manual for Libya. The document is not yet available Source Notes

.Links


48 Lithuania Updated December 2014

Documents


� PĖSČIŲJŲ IR DVIRAČIŲ TAKŲ PROJEKTAVIMO REKOMENDACIJOS R PDTP 12 (walking and cycling design guidelines)

RDA 2012 Lithuanian 1740

� STATYBOS TECHNINIS REGLAMENTAS STR 2.06.03:2001 AUTOMOBILIŲ KELIAI (Construction Technical Regulation STR 2.06.03:2001 ROADS)

RDA 2001 Lithuanian 1741

Notes

The Lithuanian Road Administration under the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Lithuania

"is an enterprise founded by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania which is in charge of organizing and co-ordinating the reconstruction, maintenance and development of the roads of national significance".

Source Notes

.Links

● Lithuanian Road Development Administration


49 Malawi Updated January 2015

Documents


� Design manual for low volume sealed roads

MTPW 2013 English 1098

� Design manual for low volume sealed roads using the DCP design method

MTPW 2013 English 2012

Also of interest:

� AICD country report - Malawi: Malawi’s Infrastructure: A Continental Perspective


Notes

Malawi has a population of around 16 million. Advice is that Malawi uses the "multi-country" Southern Africa Transport and Communications Commission (SATCC) design standards, SATCC Code of Practice for Geometric Design of Trunk Roads. There is an interesting paragraph in (ref. 2248) which says:

“There is some evidence that Malawi’s road network is overengineered in places. About 20 percent of the main road network was found to be overengineered, meaning that paving has been applied to roads with traffic volumes below the typical300-vehicle-per-day threshold. This is also consistent with the finding that Malawi’s paved road density is far above that of its low-income peers, while average annual daily traffic (at 600 vehicles per day) is substantially below such peers (over 1,000 vehicles per day). The combination of relatively high road sector spending, apparent overpaving, and underfunding of maintenance suggest that there may be a case for shifting resources away from investment toward asset maintenance”.

Source Notes

.Links

● Malawi Roads Authority


50 Malta Updated October 2015

Documents


� Design manual for roads and bridges Malta Transport Authority

2003 English 841

Also of interest:

� Access for all, design guidelines knpd 2011 English 1631

� Development control design policy, guidance and standards 2014

MEPA (Malta environment and planning authority

2014 English 2171

Notes

The summary of the publication says: “This hand book has been prepared by Prof. Dr. Heinrich Semar for use on national road schemes in Malta. It contains extracts from those Standards contained in the ADT Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (ADT DMRB) that relate to the Geometric Design of Roads.The ADT DMRB is based on the UK Design Manual for Roads and Bridges. The information has been selected to represent the most frequently used sections of the Standards. The user should, therefore, be aware that additional information is available in the full Design Manual”.

Engineer Perit Scicluna writes on his web-blog (here) that

"the latest Transport Malta Standards and Specifications are known as New Roads and Road Works Regulations, 2010 and supersede those of 2003. The New Roads and Road Works Regulations consist of 7 Volumes, namely: Volume 1 – Specifications for Road Works Volume 2 – Notes for Guidance on the Specification for Road Works Volume 3 – Road Construction Details Volume 4 – Method of Measurement for Road Works and Notes for Guidance of Measurements of Road Works Volume 5 – Road Geometry July 2003 (DMRB – Malta) Volume 6 – Design Presentation Guidelines Volume 7 – Directives for the Stadardisation of Pavements of Traffic Areas

The MEPA document (Ref. 2171) is interesting. In a separate publication on the development of the document (also worth reading), the lead author says:

"... It traces the struggles of challenging blinkered and insular attitudes towards design and construction, not least due to the influence of political undercurrents. It also narrates the attempts to close the ‘theory-–practice gap’, by formulating a document that develops from established academic principles and is equally grounded in practice. Finally, it outlines the document’s important change in philosophy – from one containing inflexible and restrictive quantitative policies to providing a more enabling role through qualitative performance criteria that encourage good street design".


Source Notes

References

2172 - Malta, "Reshaping our Urban Environments through street-based design policies - the Maltese experience", by Dr. Antoine Zammit, Future of Places conference 2014

.Links

● MTA manuals page ● Malta Environment and Planning Authority ● Malta Transport Authority MTA


51 Mozambique Added November 2015

Documents


Notes

Mozambique is one of the countries which drives on the left. The official language is Portuguese and the population is around 25 million. Mozambique uses the "multi-country" Southern Africa Transport and Communications Commission (SATCC) design standards, SATCC Code of Practice for Geometric Design of Trunk Roads. These were used for example in a 2010 study by JICA on the Nacala Development Corridor. In mid-2014 the World Bank issued calls for expressions of interest for the review of design standards for roads in Mozambique. The replies were to be sent to the ANE, the country's national roads administration. Mozambique's roads may be subject to the Trans African Highway standards. Source Notes

.Links

● Mozambique government portal ● NE (National roads administration)


52 Nepal Added May 2015

Documents


� Nepal Rural Roads Standards (2055) 1st revision

DoLIDAR 2012 English 508

� Nepal road standard 2070 Department of Roads

2013 English 2108

Also of interest

� RAIDP technical manual (4 volumes) / Rural Access Improvement and Development Project

RAIDP 2012 English 769

Notes

Nepal has had road design manuals for many years. The first one I have seen reference to is the Manual of Highway Design and Construction of 1960. Various documents have been issued by a number of different government bodies since then. One document issued in 2013 is the Nepal Road Standard 2070 (ref. 2108). In its introduction this document says that:

"Nepal Road Standards -2027(Second Revision 2070), in short called NRS-2070, shall apply to all Strategic Roads in rural areas being constructed within Nepal. For non-strategic (Local Roads) and urban roads separate standards shall be considered".

It seems that, at the 4th Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Mobility Forum held in February 2015 saw the presentation of a concept paper entitled "Nepal Urban Roads Standard". This was developed with the support of UN_HABITAT. Certainly someone seems to have prepared a draft urban road standard in 2068/2011, and DoLIDAR issued a revised Nepal Rural Roads Standard in 2012. Source Notes

.Links

● DoLIDAR ● Department of Roads


53 Netherlands Updated July 2016

Documents


� Nieuwe Ontwerprichtlijn Autosnelwegen (NOA) (~New draft directive on motorways)

Ministry of Transport and Public Works

2007 Dutch 1062

ASVV 2012 Aanbevelingen voor verkeersvoorzieningen binnen de bebouwde kom (Recommendations for traffic facilities within urban areas)

CROW 2012 Dutch 2012

Kennismodule Wegontwerp Bubeko met HWO (~Road design knowledge, rural road module)

CROW Online resource

Dutch 2012

Notes

The Dutch Ministry of infrastructure and the environment published ref. 1062. The document refers to "highways - national high speed roads with a design speed about 120 km/h". CROW issues documents on the horizontal radius of lower speed roads withn a design speeds up to 100 km/h. The details for the horizontal radius of various types of lower speed roads are provided in two CROW publications. CROW-publication "ASVV 2012" specifies the details for lower speed roads in built-up areas, website (2) below. CROW-publication "Handboek Wegontwerp" specifies these details for roads outside built-up areas, website (3) below. The Vegvesen website has a page which lists several design handbooks and manuals, including the ones listed above. Source Notes

Independent

.Links

● CROW


54 Nigeria Updated November 2015

Documents


� Highway manual part 1 (design), volume I : geometric design

Federal Ministry of Works

2013 English 1505

Also of interest:

Draft national transport policy ? 2010 English 2185

Notes

The doccument introduction says “this update of the Highway Manual was compiled by the Road Sector Development Team (RSDT) of the Federal Ministry of Works with the assistance of the consultants Royal HaskoningDHV”. Volumes (May 2014) : Highway manual part 1 (design)

● Volume I geometrics ● Volume II secondary design ● Volume III pavement and materials design ● Volume IV drainage design ● Volume V structural design ● Volume I road signs and markings ● Volume VII environmental management

Code of procedure Part 2 volume II maintenance The document "Draft national transport policy" is available from the website of the Nigeria Governance Project (NGP). Source Notes

Most of the standards on highway geometrics listed in the references section of the Highway Manual part 1 are from the USA.

.Links

● RSDT ● NGP website


55 New Zealand Added July 2016

Documents


� State highway geometric design manual (draft) / (SHGDM)

NZTA 2000 to 2005

English 74

Also of interest:

� Bridging the gap- NZTA urban design guidelines

NZTA 2013 English 2041

� Cycle network and route planning guide LTSA 2004 English 204

� Pedestrian planning and design guide NZTA 2009 English 1161

Notes

The New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) published a draft "State highway geometric design manual" in 2000, and the documents are still (April 2015) available on the NZTA website. It is not clear what official status these documents have now, partly because New Zealand is also part of the organisation which developed the Austroads multi-country standards. However they are still worth looking through. The "cycle nework and route planning guide" is quoted in Cyprus' sustainable transport guidelines". The SHGDM was published between 2000 and 2005 as a series of parts:

● Glossary of Terms ● Appendix A & B ● Part 1 - Cover/Contents/Introduction ● Part 2 - Basic Design Criteria ● Part 3 - Design Form ● Part 4 - Horizontal Alignment ● Part 5 - Vertical Alignment ● Part 6 - Cross Section ● Part 7 - Roadside Features ● Part 8 - Intersections and Interchanges

Source Notes

Most of the standards on highway geometrics listed in the references section of the Highway Manual part 1 are from the USA.

.Links

● NZTA


56 Norway Added

Documents


� Hb-017 Veg og gateutforming (Road and street design)

Vegdirektoratet 2013 Norwegian 1198

� Hb-233_2003 - Sykkelhåndboka utforming av sykkelanlegg (Handbook on the design of cycle facilities)

Statens vegvesen

2003 Norwegian 1110

� Hb-263: Geometrisk Utforming Av Veg-OG Gatekryss (Geometric design of roads and intersections)

Statens vegvesen

2008 Norwegian 1109

� Hb-265 Premisser for geometrisk utforming av veger (Premises for geometric design of roads)

Statens vegvesen

2013 Norwegian 1601

� Hb-278 Universell utforming av veger og gater (Universal design of roads and streets)

Statens vegvesen

2011 Norwegian 1600

Notes

The Norwegian Public Road Administration (NPRA / “Statens vegvesen”) is also involved in the development of highway design manuals in other countries. For example NPRA staff worked on the development of the 2011 edition of the Tanzanian "Road geometric design manual" (ref. 294), and were involved in the project which developed the SADC Guideline on low-volume sealed roads (ref. 1042).

The documents listed above (and others) can be downloaded from the NPRA website (see link below).

Source Notes

.Links

● NPRA website (English)


57 Palestine Added October 2015

Documents


دلیل السالمة المروریة على الطرق في فلسطین �

(Road Traffic Safety in Palestine Directory)

Ministry of Transportation

2013 Arabic 2174

� Also of interest:

� Developing Road Accidents Recording System in Palestine

Islamic University of Gaza

2015 Arabic 2173

Notes

Palestine does not have full authority on its resources. They have generally no highway design standards of their own, although the 2013 document on road traffic safety has geometric design recommendations.

Information is that at the moment Palestine follows the UK or the USA standards, and in some cases also make use of Israeli standards. Ref. 2174 appears largely to be based on US standards .

Source Notes

.Links

● Ministry of transport and communications ● Islamic Univer


58 Paraguay Added

Documents


� Manual de Carreteras del Paraguay Tomo 1, volume I - Guia para la evaluacion de proyectos (Paraguay highway design manual, document 1 volume I - guide on the evaluation of projects)

MOPC 2011 Spanish 1605

� Manual de Carreteras del Paraguay Tomo 1, volume II - Diseño Geometrico (Paraguay highway design manual, document 1 volume II- geometric design)


Notes

There is a Paraguay Highway Manual (Manual de Carreteras del Paraguay) which is issued by the Ministry of Public Works and Communications (Ministerio de Obras Publicas y Comunicaciones or MOPC). The MOPC website refers to nine different documents, each of one or more volumes. Document 1 is on "Standards for project evaluation and highway geometry (Normas para la evaluación de proyectos y geometría vial) and consists of two volumes:

● Guide on the evaluation of projects ● Geometric design

Other volumes deal with drainage, the construction of bridges,maintenance etc.

Source Notes

.Links

● MOPC


59 Peru Added

Documents


� DG-2001: Manual de Diseño Geométrico de Carreteras (DG-2001) / (Highway geometric design manual)


� Manual de diseno de carreteras no pavimentadas de bajo volumen de transito (design manual for low-volume unpaved roads)

MTC 2008 Spanish 903

� Manual de diseño geométrico De vías urbanas - 2005 - VCHI (Manual on the geometric design of urban roads)

VCHI / ICG 2005 Spanish 1654

� Manual para el diseño de carreteras pavimentadas de bajo volumen de tránsito (Design manual for low-volume surfaced arterials)

MTC 2008 Spanish 1086

Notes

Source Notes

.Links

● ICG (Instituto de la construccion y gerencia) ● MTC (Ministry of Transport and Communications


60 Portugal Added November 2015

Documents


� Norma de traçado, revisao (~alignment standard, revised)

INIR 2010 Portuguese

2187

� Manual do planeamento de acessibilidades e transportes 03: Níveis de serviço em estradas e auto-estradas (~ design manual of accessibility and transport 03: level of service for roads and motorways)

CCDRN 2008 Portuguese

1517

� Manual do planeamento de acessibilidades e transportes 09: Estacionamento (~ design manual of accessibility and transport 09: parking)

CCDRN 2008 Portuguese

1514

� Colecção de brochuras técnicas / temáticas Rede pedonal – princípios de planeamento e Desenho (technical and topic brochures: pedestrian networks, principles of planning and design)

IMIT 2011 Portuguese

525

Also of interest:

� Auto-Estradas, Características Técnicas (~ motorways, technical characteristics)

INIR 2008 Portuguese

523

� Norma de traçado JAE 1994 Portugal 2188

Notes

Portuguese organisations responsible for roads have been undergoing reorganisation recently. For example, I believe the IMT (Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes) is a rename of the IMTT and has taken over other transport institutes such as the INIR (institute of road infrastructure). The CCDRN (Comisión de Coordinación e Desenvolvemento Rexional da Rexión Norte) is a commission for the coordination and regional development of the northern region, and was set up in 2003. The CCDRN has a design manual of accessibility and transport,two chapters of which are referred to in the table. A full list of the chapters in the manual is included in the next page of this document. The chapters of the CCDRN manual (with approximate translations) are:

Chapter title (Portuguese) English

01 Engenharia de Tráfego – Conceitos Traffic engineering, basic concepts


Básicos

02 Correntes de Tráfego Traffic flows ?

03 Níveis de Serviço em Estradas e Auto-estradas

Levels of service for roads and motorways

04 Princípios Básicos de Organização de Redes Viárias

Basic principles of the organisation of road networks

05 Intersecções Prioritárias e de Viragem à Direita

Priority intersections ?

06 Rotundas roundabouts

07 Sinais Luminosos Traffic signals

08 Peões pedestrians

09 Estacionamento parking

10 Acalmia de Tráfego Traffic calming

11 Segurança Rodoviária Road safety

12 Sinalização Rodoviária Road signs

13 Transportes Públicos Public transport

Source Notes

.Links

● CCDRN


61 Puerto Rico Added

Documents


� Highway design manual Department of Transport and Public Works

1979 English 809

Notes

Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the USA. The website of the DTOP (department of transport and public works) has downloadable file for the various chapters of the 1979 edition of the highway design manual. The chapters cover topics such as basic design elements, typical sections, utilities etc. Source Notes

Related to USA standards

Links

● DTOP home page


62 Qatar Added

Documents


� Qatar highway design manual (3 volumes)

MMUP 2014 English -/-

� Qatar traffic control manual (3 volumes) MMUP 2014 English -/-

Also of interest:

� Qatar highway design manual (superceded)

Civil Engineering Department, MMAA

1997 English 1385

Notes

Qatar's Ministry of Municipal and Urban Planning (MMUP) is working up new versions of the Qatar highway design manual and the Qatar traffic control manual. Both documents have three volumes. It appears the latest versions of these two documents are referred to as "Final draft June 2014 - not to be used for design purposes). Source Notes

The 1997 manual says the four main international sources come from the UK, USA and Australia. The document on road link geometry is referred to as "draft for June 2013 stakeholder workshop only". A look at the table on page 16 (and the reference on page 39) of this document gives the impression that the work is based on UK practice. Copy of the 1997 manual and a 2013 draft of the new manual is available. Tables of contents of the June 2014 highway design manual and traffic control manual available and can be downloaded from the MMUP website.

Links

● ASHGHAL Public Works Authority


63 Romania Added July 2016

Documents


� Low cost design standards for rural roads projects

Ministry of the Administration and Interior

2005 English 727

Also of interest:

� NP24 NP25 Normativ pentru proiectarea si executia parcajelor pentru autoturisme (~standard for the design and construction of car parks)


1995 Romanian 62

� P132-93 Normativ pentru proiectare parcajelor de autoturisme in localitati urbane (~standard for the design of car parks in towns)


1993 Romanian 63

Notes

The Engineering Consultancy company EPTISA says that in 1997 it carried out a project to improve the standards and norms that cover roads design, construction, works supervision, marking and signaling, in accordance with the EU legislation and standards. No other details available as yet.

Source Notes

Links

● Ministry of Transport


64 Russia Added

Documents


� SP 34.13330.2012 АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫЕ ДОРОГИ (Automobile roads)

SNIP 2012 Russian 1823 (Ru) 1824 (En)

(SNIP) 2.05.02-85, Building regulations for highways (superceded)

SNIP 2004 Russian 1149 (En)

Notes

Update (July 2014) - The Russian organisation ROSDORNII says that the first document (SP 34.13330.2012) is the current relevant document. It appears to supercede document 2.05.02-85. The Asian Highway Network (and therefore its standards) cover some links in the Russian Federation (see ref. 1147). Note: the English translation is an informal translation Source Notes

Links

● ROSDORNII


65 Samoa Added June 2016

Documents


Notes

Samoa is an independent state in the South Pacific, and has a population of about 200,000. In June 2016 the Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure issued a request for proposals for consultancy services for the review of national road standards in Samoa.

Source Notes

Links

● Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure MWTI


66 Saudi Arabia Added April 2015

Documents


Engineeringدلیل التصمیم الھندسي للطرق / �design manual for roads

MOMRA 2015 Arabic 967

Also of interest:

� Highway design manual volume 1 of 2 Ministry of Communications

1992 ? English 1711

� Highway design manual volume 2 of 2 Ministry of Communications

1992 ? English 1710

� Highway design manual volume 2of 4 / standard drawings

Ministry of Communications

1992 ? English -/-

� Highway design manual volume 3 of 4 / structural design specifications

Ministry of Communications

1992 English -/-

� Saudi Aramco Desktop Standards, road design and construction

Saudi Aramco ? English 858

Notes

These documents are not dated, and it is quite other documents also exist, and probably in Arabic. Probably the Engineering design manual for roads is a (the?) current document. The highway design manual had four volumes. They were prepared in cooperative effort by the Ministry of Communications and The USA Federal Highway Administration. Source Notes

Links

● Ministry of Communications and Information Technology MCIT ● MOMRA


67 Serbia Added

Documents


� List of highway geometric standards (Karayolları Geometrik Standartlar)

? ? Serbian 1412

� RPS U.C4.110 Longitudinal alignment ("Designing of roads - elements of longitudinal section")

Serbian Instiute of Standards 2008

1994 Serbian 1457

� SRPS U.C4.105 Horizontal alignment ("Designing of roads - changes of direction in the horizontal plane - cross-section")

Serbian Institute of Standards

1982 Serbian 1456

� SRPS U.C4.123 Designing of roads - cross-sections, gradients

Serbian Institute of Standardization 2008

1994 Serbian 1455

Notes

The "year" data is indicated in the document headings, although the document footer on the first page says the document was published in 2008. Source Notes

Links

● Ministry of culture and information ● Serbia Institute for Standardisation


68 Singapore Added

Documents


� Civil design criteria for road and rail transit systems (E/GD/09/106/A1)

LTA 2010 English 1745

� Code of practice for vehicle parking provision in development proposals

LTA 2011 English 1744

Notes

The LTA website says that the LTA is "responsible for planning, operating, and maintaining Singapore’s land transport infrastructure and systems". Source Notes

Links

● Singapore Land Transport Authority


69 Slovenia Added

Documents


� Decree on categorization of national roads (Uredba o kategorizaciji državnih cest)

Official Gazette 2013 Slovenian 1510

� Decree on the criteria for categorization of public roads (Uredba o merilih za kategorizacijo javnih cest Zbirni podatki)


� Regulation on technical norms and conditions for the design of road tunnels in Slovenia (Uredba o tehničnih normativih in pogojih za projektiranje cestnih predorov v Republiki Sloveniji)


� Rules on road design (Pravilnik o projektiranju cest)


Notes

Documents on road design in Slovenia are available from the website of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning. The Ministry :

"is responsible for the areas of railway, air, maritime, waterway and road transport with the exception of control over road traffic safety, as well as for the areas of transport infrastructure and cableway installations, spatial planning, construction, housing policy, energy sector, mining and efficient use of renewable energy source".

Source Notes

Links

● Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning


70 South Africa Added October 2015

Documents


� GDG - Geometric design guide CSIR 2002 English 148

� Guidelines for human settlement, planning and design (volume 2)

CSIR 2005 English 1068

Notes

I believe these are the two main current documents on highway design in South Africa Source Notes

Independent

Links

● CSIR


71 Spain Updated May2015

Documents


� Trazado, Instrucción de Carreteras, Norma 3.1-IC (2nd edition)

Ministerio de Fomento

2001 Spanish 890

� Guia de nudos viarios (guide to road intersections)


2012 Spanish 1492

� Carreteras urbanas - recommendaciones para su planeamiento y proyecto (Urban roads - recommendations on their planning and design)

Ministerio de obra publicas y transportes MOPT

1993 Spanish 1493

� ORDEN de 27 de diciembre de 1999 por la que se aprueba la Norma 3.1-IC. Trazado, de la Instrucción de Carreteras (Order of the 27th December 1999 which approves Standard 3.1-1C regarding standards for highways).


2000 Spanish 1048

Also of interest :

� IVP Instruccion de via publica (standards for public roads)

Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Gerencia municipal de urbanismo

2000 Spanish 1501

Notes

Spain's Ministry of Development (Ministerio de Fomento) now has a website where documents such as standards can be downloaded. The technical standards are listed under 20 different headings, and often more than one document is available under each heading. Ref. 1492 says that a "nudo vario" is a zone in which two or more highways cross, or more specifically any type of spatial concurrence of two or more highways which involve the possibility of passing from one to an other (own translations). Ref. 522 is a bit old (published 1993) and may have been superceded, although it can still be downloaded from the Ministerio de Fomento website. Source Notes

Independent

Table: List of headings on Ministry of Development documents page

01. Normativa general de carreteras General road standards

02. Impacto ambiental Environmental impact


03. Seguridad y salud Health and safety

04. Seguridad vial Road safety

05. Proyecto project

06. Trazado Alignment

07. Drenaje drainage

08. Geología y geotecnia Geology and geotechnology

09. Obras de paso: puentes y estructuras Structures and bridges

10. Túneles tunnels

11. Firmes y pavimentos pavements

12. Equipamiento vial Road equipment

13. Iluminación lighting

14. Plantaciones planting

15. Ruido noise

16. Estaciones y áreas de servicio Stations and service areas

17. Pliegos de Prescripciones Técnicas Generales General technical requirements

18. Calidad quality

19. Materiales de construcción Construction materials

20. Inventario de Carreteras Highway inventory

Links

● Ministry of development, technical standards


72 Sweden Updated May 2015

Documents


� Ref. 2012-181 / RÅD FÖR Vägars och gators utformning ( Road and street design, overall requirements)

Trafikverket 2002 Swedish 1625

� Ref. 2012-180 / RÅD FÖR Vägars och gators utformning ( Road and street design, advice on)


� Ref. 2012-179 / KRAV FÖR Vägars och gators utformning ( Road and street design, requirements for)


� Ref. 2004-80 Linjeföring / (alignment ) Vägverket 2008 Swedish 1627

Notes

Trafikverket indicated the most relevant documents for the geometric design of roads and strees are 179, 180 and 181 (the first three in the table above), Most of the documents can be downloaded from the Trafikverket (Swedish Transport Administration) website. Source Notes

Likely independent

Links

● Trafikverket (Swedish Transport Administration)


73 Switzerland Updated

Documents


� SN 640 080b Projektierung, Grundlagen; Geschwindigkeit als Projektierungselement (design, basics; speed as an design element)

VSS 1991 German 732

� SN 640 090b Projektierung, Grundlagen; Sichtweiten (design, basics: visibility distances)

VSS German -/-

� SN 640 100a Linienführung; Elemente der horizontalen Linienführung (alignment; elements of horizontal alignment)

VSS German -/-

Notes

Switzerland's VSS (Association of Highway and Transportation Specialists) is involved in research and standardisation in the field of roads and transportation. It produces many if not all the standard documents related to road design. There is even a page on Wikipedia which lists all these documents (here). There are several more relevant standards besides the three listed above. Source Notes

Likely independent

Links

● VSS home page


74 Tanzania Updated

Documents


� Road Geometric Design Manual (2011 ed) Ministry of Works 2011 English 294

Notes

From the preface to the document: The Ministry of Works has prepared this Road Geometric Design Manual - 2011 Edition for design of roads in order to promote uniformity in design procedures in the country. The major benefits to be gained in applying this manual are the harmonization of professional practice and the assurance of satisfactory levels of safety, health and economy with due consideration of the objective conditions and need of the country. The Road Geometric Design Manual will be useful to designers, researchers, academia and professionals interested in geometrics of roads. The 2011 Edition Road Geometric Design Manual supersedes the inistry of Communications and Works Draft Road Manual - 1989 Edition.

Source Notes

The document was developed with support from specialists from the Norwegian Public Roads Administration. In addition, the document acknowledgements page says:

Also, the Working Group acknowledges use of valuable information from corresponding manuals in the neighbouring countries. Particularly the Geometric Design Manual of Uganda was of great value in developing this Manual.

Links


75 Turkey Updated

Documents


� Karayolları Tasarım El Kitabı (Highway design manual)

Karayollari Genel Müdürlügü (General directorate of highways)

2005 Turkish 1411

Notes

The General Directorate of Highways (KGM) is a state agency in charge of the construction and maintenance of all public roadways outside of cities and towns in Turkey. It is part of the Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communication (UBAK I believe). Source Notes

The list of references refers to 7 documents, most of which come from the USA.

Links

● KGM

● UBAK


76 Uganda Updated July 2016

Documents


� DRWCAM Vol. 6 Community Access, Manual B1: standard designs for rural transport infrastructure

Ministry of Works and Transport

2006 English 2306

District road works vol. 1 Planning Manuals / Manual A - Functional Road Classification System &Route Numbering

Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications

2002 English 2309

� District road works vol. 1 Technical Manual / Manual A - technical manual

Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications

2004 English 2305

� Road design manual volume 1: geometric design


2010 English 2200

Also of interest:

� Draft non-motorised transport policy


2012 English 2201

� National transport master plan (abridged version


2009 English 2307

Notes

The preamble to (ref. Xxxx) says: This Road Design Manual Volume I: Geometric Design is one of a series of Engineering Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Guidelines issued by the Ministry of Works and Transport. The Manual is part of the revised Road Design Manual, November 1994. The four Volumes of the Road Design Manual include: a) Road Design Manual: Vol. I Geometric Design; b) Road Design Manual: Vol. II Drainage Design; c) Road Design Manual: Vol. III Pavement Design; and d) Road Design Manual: Vol. IV Bridge Design The bibliography refers to the 1994 AASHTO publication "A policy on Geometric Design of Highway and Streets", but also to documents from South Africa, Kenya and Ethiopia. In 2006 the Ministry of Works and Transport produced a set of documents called the "District road works and community access manuals" (~DRWCAM). Volume 6 refers to community access, and includes designs for tracks and trails. These may have been for the Community Access Support (CAS) project.


Earlier, in 2004, the Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications prepared a set of documents on District Road Works. Documents from both these sets include geometric design details and typical cross-sections. These documents are available from the Roads Industry Council website.

Source Notes

The road design manual refers to documents from the USA (AASHTO), Kenya, Ethiopia and South Africa.

Links

● Roads Industry Council RIC

● Ministry of works and transport


77 UK Updated May 2015

Documents


� DMRB 6 section 1 part 1 (TD 9/93 highway link design)

HA 2002 English 255

� DMRB 6 section 1 part 2 (TD 27/05 Cross-Sections and Headrooms)

HA 2005 English 1157

� DMRB 6 section 1 part 3 (TD 85/01 - Guidance on Minor Improvements to Existing Roads)


� DMRB 6 section 1 part 4 (TD 70/08 Design of Wide Single 2+1 Road)


� Local Transport Note 2-08 : cycle infrastructure design

DfT 2008 English 745

Also of interest:

� Traffic signs manual DfT 2013 English 2093 etc

Notes

The “Design Manual for Roads and Bridges” (DMRB) currently has 15 volumes ranging from road

geometry (volume 6) to the economic assessment of road schemes (volume 13). Each volume

consists of one or more documents.

Volume 6 of the DMRB (road geometry) has three sections, each consisting of a number of

documents

Section 1 - Links

Section 2 - Junctions

Section 3 - Highway features

The DMRB is not the only UK publication on road design. There is a “Manual of contract documents

for highway works” (MCHW), plus various local transport notes, interim advice notes (IAN) and so on.

Traffic signs manual was published in 2006, updated in 2013. There are 7 chapters (chapter 6 seems

to be missing), with 9 volumes. Downloadable documents (May 2015) are:

● Chapter 1 introduction

● Chapter 2 (in draft) informatory signs

● Traffic signs manual chapter 2 determination of x-height

● Traffic signs manual chapter 2 primary route destinations in England by region

● Chapter 3 regulatory signs ● Chapter 4 warning signs ● Chapter 5 road markings


● Chapter 7 the design of traffic signs ● Chapter 8 (part 1) road works and temporary situations - design ● Chapter 8 (part 2) road works and temporary situations - operations

All the DMRB documents listed above (plus the others) can be downloaded from the UK Department of Transport website (see link below). Source Notes

independent

Links

● UK Department for Transport website / documents


78 USA Updated July 2016

Documents


� A policy on geometric design of highways and streets

AASHTO 2011 English 831

� Connecticut highway design manual Connecticut Department of Transportation

2012 English 1720

� Street design manual New York City, Department of Transportation

2015 English 984

Also of interest:

� Model streets design manual Los Angeles County

2011 English 2206

� Separated bike lanes planning and design guide

FHWA 2015 English 2184

� Urban street design guide NACTO 2012 English 1541

Notes

The AASHTO publication "A policy on geometric design of highways and streets" is often seen as an international standard, but this may be over-rated. Many if not all of the US states have their own highway design manual, and many cities and organisations also have their own detailed documents. For example, one organisation is NACTO, the National Association of City Transportation Officials. The website of the “Model streets design manual” (ref. 2206) has an interesting explanation of its purpose. The website says:

“Overall, this manual is intended for three groups of users:

● Municipalities who lack the resources to undertake a major revision of their manuals and are

looking for examples to assist in re-tooling their current manuals. This document may be

adopted as written, or customized for any municipality

● Municipalities that want to adopt the latest thinking in street design

● Designers, planners and engineers who are looking for tools to provide flexibility within their

existing street standard

This could be a good approach to standards on other topics, and to the development of standards

which could be used in and adapted by other countries.

Source Notes

Independent


Links

● AASHTO

● NACTO


79 Zambia Added January 2015

Documents



� AICD country report: Zambia's infrastructure - a continental perspective


Notes

Zambia has a population of around 16 million.

Advice is that Zambia uses the "multi-country" Southern Africa Transport and Communications

Commission (SATCC) design standards, SATCC Code of Practice for Geometric Design of Trunk

Roads.

In 2014 the Road Development Agency issued calls for proposals for "Consultancy services for the

development of geometric design dtandards gor urban and rural (low volume) roads In Zambia, but it

is not known if anything resulted from this.

Source Notes

Links

● Road Development Agency


5 Multi-country pages


1 Arab Mashreq Added September 2015

Documents


� Agreement On International Roads In The Arab Mashreq

UN 2001 English 2135

Also of interest:

� The Development of the Integrated Transport System in the Arab Mashreq

Panorama 2009 English 2143

Notes

The Arab Mashreq International Road Network is, according to Wikipedia:

“The Arab Mashreq international Road Network is an international road network between the Arab countries of Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Palestine (Israel included), Lebanon, Kuwait, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, Oman and Yemen”.

Source notes

Seem largely to be based on AASHTO

References

● ESCWA (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia)


2 ASEAN Added April 2015

Documents


� ASEAN highway standards

ASEAN 1999 ? English 1884

Notes

The ASEAN website explains that

“The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam then joined on 7 January 1984, Viet Nam on 28 July 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999, making up what is today the ten Member States of ASEAN."

Documents on the ASEAN website include the "ministerial understanding on the development of the ASEAN highway network project" with its appendix B , the ASEAN highway standards.

It appears that the "ASEAN standards were developed from the Asian Highway Standards of UNESCAP. The only difference is that ASEAN Standards allow some variations in terms of right of way and design speed for the given road classes".

The ASEAN member states are:

● Brunei

● Cambodia

● Indonesia

● Lao PDR

● Malaysia

● Myanmar

● Philippines

● Singapore

● Thailand

● Vietnam

Source notes

References

ASEAN home page


3 Asian Highway Standards Added November 2015

Documents


� Asian Highway - the road networks connecting China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, the Russian Federation and the Korean Peninsula

UN 2001 English 1147

� Asian Highway Handbook UN 2003 English 1622

Notes

Document 1147 (reference number ST/ESCAP/2173 ) says that the publication was issued by the Transport, Communications, Tourism and Infrastructure Development Division of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.

Annex I of the document is titled “Asian Highway classification and design standards”, and covers 8 pages (page numbers 131 to 138).

The member states of the Asian Highway Network appear to be:

Afghanistan

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Bangladesh

Bhutan

Cambodia

China

Georgia

India

Indonesia

Iran

Japan

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Laos

Malaysia

Mongolia

Myanmar

Nepal

North Korea

Pakistan

Philippines

Republic of Korea

Russia

Singapore

Sri Lanka

Tajikistan

Thailand

Turkey

Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

Vietnam

Source notes

Seem largely to be based on AASHTO

References

● ESCAP Asian Highway web page


4 Austroads Revised July 2016

Documents


� Austroads Guide to Road Design (AGRD), part 1: Guide to road design

Austroads 2010 English 1885

� Austroads Guide to Road Design (AGRD), part 2: Design considerations


� Austroads Guide to Road Design (AGRD), part 3: Geometric Design


� Austroads Guide to Road Design (AGRD), part 6A: Pedestrian and Cyclist Paths

Austroads 2009 English -/-

Notes

In Australia and New Zealand, highway design standards are heavily influenced by the work of Austroads. The Austroads website explains that Austroads is: "the association of Australian and New Zealand road transport and traffic authorities. Austroads promotes improved Australian and New Zealand transport outcomes by providing expert technical input to national policy development on road and road transport issues".

A paper by Barton O’Callaghan (Ref. 1539) explains that "Austroads has developed a new, truly national Guide to Road Design. Released in July 2009 and comprising eight parts, this guide provides the essential reference to road design practitioners across Australia and New Zealand. For the first time, each of the member authorities has agreed to use the new national guide in lieu of their State based guidelines.

The Austroads publications website says that the set of documents in the new Austroads Guide to Road Design (AGRD)involves eight parts, some of which consist of more than one volume. The main parts are:

Part 1: Introduction to Road Design

Part 2: Design Considerations

Part 3: Geometric Design

Part 4: Intersections and Crossings - General

Part 5: Drainage – General and Hydrology Considerations

Part 6: Roadside Design, Safety and Barriers

Part 7: Geotechnical Investigation and Design


Part 8: Process and Documentation

The existence of Austroads and the AGRD documents does not prevent other organisations in Australia and New Zealand from producing their own standards, or modifications of the AGRD guidelines. For example VicRoads (the road and traffic authority for the state of Victoria) has issued a number of documents which supplement the AGRD, as well as a number of documents on designing for cyclists.

Update

The Austroads website says that the Guide to Road Design Part 3: Geometric Design is currently under review. It is expected that a new edition will be published in August 2016.

Source Notes

References

1539 - Barton O’Callaghan “Australia: New National Guide to Road Design”; 4th International Symposium on Highway Geometric Design; 2010.

Links

● Austroads

● Austroads publications


5 SADC Added September 2015

Documents


� SADC / SATCC Guideline on low volume sealed roads

2003 English 1042

� SADC / SATCC draft code of practice for the geometric design of trunk roads, 2001

2001 English 771

Notes

Document ref. 771 was apparently reprinted in 2001 and appears to be still valid.

Wikipedia says that:

"The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an inter-governmental organization headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana. Its goal is to further socio-economic cooperation and integration as well as political and security cooperation among 15 southern African states. It complements the role of the African Union".

SADC's website explains that:

"The main objectives of SADC are to achieve development, peace and security, and economic growth, to alleviate poverty, enhance the standard and quality of life of the peoples of Southern Africa, and support the socially disadvantaged through regional integration, built on democratic principles and equitable and sustainable development".

SADC Member States are:

Angola

Botswana

Democratic Republic of Congo

Lesotho

Madagascar

Malawi

Mauritius

Mozambique

Namibia

Seychelles

South Africa

Swaziland

United Republic of Tanzania

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Source notes

References

● SADC home page


6 TAH Added July 2016

Documents


� International agreement on the Trans-African Highways Network

English 2011 English 2177

Also of interest:

� TAH Agreement Annex II - basic guidelines for road classification and standards on Trans-African Highways


� Minimum geometrical design standards for the Trans-African highway


Notes

The international agreement on the TAH (ref. 2177) says of these roads that they would:

a. Provide as direct routes as possible between the capitals of the continent,

b. Contribute to the political, economic and social integration and cohesion of Africa,

c. Ensure road transport facilities between important areas of production and consumption"

The main agreement (ref. 2177) has three annexes:

· Annex I - Trans African Highway network · Annex II - Trans African Highway network, classification and standards · Annex III - Identification and signage of the Trans African Highways

There is a separate document, available from the African Union website, which has more, and possibly different, detail to the apparent main agreement (see ref. 1840). There also exists a much earlier document, of only 2 pages, with some recommendations on the geometrics for a Trans-African highway (ref. 2178)

The current situation with the TAH standards appears to be that they are not yet approved

Source notes

References

· African Union homepage

· UNECA (Economic commission for Africa)


7 TEM Added October 2015

Documents


� TEM standards and recommended practice (3rd edition)

UNECE 2002 English 2135


TEM standards and recommended practice (2nd edition)

UNECE 1992 English -/-

� TEM standards and recommended practice (1st edition)

UNECE 1981 English -/-

Notes

UNECE - the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe - is one of five regional commissions of the United Nations. It says that its major aim

"is to promote pan-European economic integration. To do so, it brings together 56 countries located in the European Union, non-EU Western and Eastern Europe, South-East Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and North America. All these countries dialogue and cooperate under the aegis of UNECE on economic and sectoral issues."

One of its projects is the "The UNECE Trans-European Motorways (TEM) Project, (which) is a sub-regional cooperation among Central, Eastern and South Eastern European countries". As part of this project, UNECE produced a document which includes some geometric design standards. UNECE says that the third edition of the TEM standards are based on the original TEM Standards of January 1981 and on their first revision of July 1992.

Source notes

References

● UNECE page on TEM standards, 3rd edition

● UNECE home page


6 Special topics

- notes on guidelines and standards presented on a country-by-country basis


1 Cycling and bikes Updated January 2016

Documents

A Country Document Publisher Year Language Ref. No.

� Brazil Manual De Projetos E Programas Para Incentivar O Uso De Bicicletas Em Comunidades

Embarq Brasil 2014 Portuguese

2131

� Ireland National cycle manual National Transport Authority

2011 English 1116

� Multi-country

Cycling aspects of Austroads guides


� UK Handbook for cycle-friendly design

Sustrans 2014 English 2189

� UK Making space for cycling - a guide for new developments and street renewals

Cyclenation 2014 England 2137

Notes

Not all these documents are government-issued standards or guidelines.

Source notes

References

Links


2 Non-Motorised Transport Added December 2016

Documents


Also of interest:

� Kenya Nairobi NMT policy Nairobi city county

government

2015 English 2252

� South Africa

NMT facility guidelines 2014 Department of transport

2014 English 2243

� South Africa

Draft national NMT policy Department of transport

2008 English 2244

� Uganda Draft NMT policy Ministry of works and transport

2012 English 2201

� general GIZ training course: NMT non-motorised transport

GTZ 2005 English 2236

Notes

To quote from the foreword by the Minister of Transport in South Africa’s “Draft national NMT policy” (ref. 2244):

“This Non- Motorized Transport policy has been developed to cater for the broader spectrum of our population by providing alternative transport modes such as Cycling , Animal Drawn Transport and Walking. Through this policy, the Department would intervene towards addressing challenges of accessibility and mobility and eventually putting Non-Motorised Transport where it belongs i.e. as a recognised mode of transport.

The notion that Non Motorised Transport is an add-on, as opposed to being a fully acceptable mode of transport must be defeated. The issue of Non Motorised Transport such as animal transportation is not only a rural but also an urban issue in so far as the acceptance, again, of this mode of transportation is concerned”.

Source notes

References


3 Streets Updated November 2015

Documents


� Australia Streets for people (compendium of South Australia practice)

Government of South Australia

2012 English 2103

� Finland Helsingin katutila ja kaupunkikuva – ohjeita ja esimerkkejä (Helsinki street space and townscape, instructions and examples)


2004 Finnish 2145

� India Street design guidelines .... for equitable distribution of road space

UTTIPEC 2010 English 1450

� Malta Development control design policy, guidance and standards 2014

MEPA (Malta environment and planning authority

2014 English 2171

� UAE Abu Dhabi - Urban street design manual v. 1.1

Urban Planning Council

2014 ? English 1737

� UK/ Scotland

Designing streets - a policy statement for Scotland

Scottish Government

2010 English 2104

� USA San Francisco better streets plan

San Francisco Planning Department

2010 English 969

� USA Model streets design manual Los Angeles County

2011 English 2206

Notes

Source notes

References