Map of GreeceMap of Greece

The Persian and The Persian and Peloponnesian WarsPeloponnesian Wars

(pgs 113-116)(pgs 113-116)

The Persian WarsThe Persian Wars = Greeks vs. = Greeks vs. PersiansPersians

-Greeks in Asia Minor rebel against the -Greeks in Asia Minor rebel against the Persians.Persians.

--DariusDarius (Persian leader) crushed (Persian leader) crushed

Greek revolts in Asia Minor.Greek revolts in Asia Minor.

-Darius conquers Macedon and Thrace.-Darius conquers Macedon and Thrace.

-Persians invade mainland Greece. The -Persians invade mainland Greece. The Athenians (who were Athenians (who were outnumbered) still outnumbered) still defeated the Persians at the defeated the Persians at the

Battle of MarathonBattle of Marathon..

Marathon: a city-state north Marathon: a city-state north of Athensof Athens

Persian Wars Persian Wars continued…continued…

Greeks sent best runner, Pheidippides, Greeks sent best runner, Pheidippides, to Athens with victory messageto Athens with victory message Sprinted 26.2 miles; died upon delivery of Sprinted 26.2 miles; died upon delivery of

messagemessage Marathon runners honor him by running Marathon runners honor him by running

his path annuallyhis path annually Themistocles (an Athenian leader) Themistocles (an Athenian leader)

knew victory was temporary; urged knew victory was temporary; urged Athenians to build up Navy and Athenians to build up Navy and prepare other defensesprepare other defenses

Persian Wars Persian Wars continued…continued…

Darius’ son Darius’ son XerxesXerxes,, again tries to again tries to conquer Greece.conquer Greece.

Xerxes brings a large army to fight Xerxes brings a large army to fight against the Greeks.against the Greeks.

300 Spartans300 Spartans fight an army of the fight an army of the PersiansPersians. They fend off the Persians . They fend off the Persians for days, but eventually are defeated for days, but eventually are defeated at the at the Battle of ThermopylaeBattle of Thermopylae. All . All 300 Spartans died, refusing to 300 Spartans died, refusing to surrender.surrender.

Persian Wars Persian Wars continued…continued… Xerxes’ army marched to Athens and destroyed Xerxes’ army marched to Athens and destroyed

it.it. The The AtheniansAthenians and and SpartansSpartans joined forces to joined forces to

defeat the Persiansdefeat the Persians. . The Greek Navy sunk many Persian ships in the The Greek Navy sunk many Persian ships in the

Aegean Sea. At the Aegean Sea. At the Battle of SalamisBattle of Salamis, the , the Persian Ships were led into the narrow Straits of Persian Ships were led into the narrow Straits of Salamis and were unable to maneuver. The Salamis and were unable to maneuver. The outnumbered Greeks won!outnumbered Greeks won!

Athenians rebuilt their city and entered a time of Athenians rebuilt their city and entered a time of great cultural achievement. great cultural achievement. (Golden Age)(Golden Age) Athens began to create its own Empire by Athens began to create its own Empire by controlling other small city states.controlling other small city states.

The Age of PericlesThe Age of Pericles

Athens used “diplomacy” to form the Athens used “diplomacy” to form the Delian Delian LeagueLeague an alliance of city-states with an alliance of city-states with Athens as the leader.Athens as the leader.

Eventually 140 city-states were contributing Eventually 140 city-states were contributing money and ships to the league.money and ships to the league.

PericlesPericles was a general, orator, and leader was a general, orator, and leader of Athens. GREAT LEADER! of Athens. GREAT LEADER!

Direct DemocracyDirect Democracy! Athens achieved ! Athens achieved probably the most completely democratic probably the most completely democratic government in history. government in history. (no women/slaves)(no women/slaves) Direct democracy: a system of government in which people Direct democracy: a system of government in which people

participate directly instead of through a representativeparticipate directly instead of through a representative

The Age of PericlesThe Age of Pericles

Pericles created Pericles created coloniescolonies in the in the Mediterranean Sea.Mediterranean Sea.

Kept a strong navyKept a strong navy Standardized weights + measures.Standardized weights + measures. With the help of Aspasia, returned With the help of Aspasia, returned

Athens to cultural center of GreeceAthens to cultural center of Greece Aspasia = educated foreign woman who Aspasia = educated foreign woman who

helped Pericleshelped Pericles Pericles used Pericles used Delian LeagueDelian League money for money for

AthensAthens. . Like building the Parthenon. Like building the Parthenon.

The Peloponnesian WarThe Peloponnesian War The Spartans created the The Spartans created the Peloponnesian Peloponnesian

LeagueLeague to counter act the Delian League. to counter act the Delian League. Tension grew between Tension grew between SpartaSparta and and

AthensAthens until war broke out in 431bc. until war broke out in 431bc. Sparta invades. The siege of Athens Sparta invades. The siege of Athens

continued for years. Starve out the continued for years. Starve out the Athenians.Athenians.

A plague broke out in Athens killing many A plague broke out in Athens killing many people including people including PericlesPericles. .

The war lasted for 27 years!The war lasted for 27 years!

The Peloponnesian War The Peloponnesian War continued…continued…

SpartaSparta, with the help of , with the help of PersiaPersia, , blocked Athens’ food Supply.blocked Athens’ food Supply.

Starving Starving AtheniansAthenians eventually eventually surrendered to Sparta in 404bc.surrendered to Sparta in 404bc.

After the Peloponnesian War, Greece After the Peloponnesian War, Greece was very unstable and wars between was very unstable and wars between the city-states continued.the city-states continued.

THE END! THE END! (for today)(for today)

Review QuestionsReview Questions

1.1. Identify the following Identify the following terms:terms:

MarathonMarathon ThemistoclesThemistocles Delian LeagueDelian League AspasiaAspasia

2. Define direct 2. Define direct democracydemocracy

3.3. Describe two effects Describe two effects of the Persian Wars.of the Persian Wars.

4.4. What are three What are three contributions Pericles contributions Pericles

made to Athens?made to Athens?

5.5. How did the growth of How did the growth of Athenian power Athenian power

contribute to the contribute to the outbreak of the outbreak of the

Peloponnesian War?Peloponnesian War?