TUBERCULOSIS

TUBERCULOSIS

It is the most prevalent communicable infectious disease.Usually involves lungs but may effect other organs or tissues in body.

Etiology

Pulmonary Tb is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Poor hygiene. Reduced immune status.

Transmission

It is an Airborne disease.Airborne droplets coughed or sneezed by the patient.

Signs and Symptoms

Weight loss, fatigue, productive cough, fever and night sweats.

Hemoptysis. Pleuritic pain.

Diagnosis

1. Physical examination: dullness to chest percussion, increased vocal fremitus.

2. Laboratory tests: elevation in white blood cells (WBCs) count with lymphocyte predominance.

3. Cavitation: show air fluid levels as infection progresses.

4. Tuberculin test: positive reaction to intradermal injection of a tuberculin.

Treatment

Desired outcomes:1.Initiation of specific anti-tuberculosis treatment.2.Prompt resolution of the signs and symptoms.3.Achievement of a noninfectious state.4.Adherence to treatment regimen by the patient.5.Cure patient as quickly as possible.

Treatment Regimens

Intensive phase : Daily dose

Continuation phase : intermitted dose.

Anti TB drugs

1. Isoniazid (bactericidal).2. Streptomycin (bactericidal).3. Thioacetazone (bacteriostatic).4. Pyrazinamide (bactericidal).5. Ethambutol (bacteriostatic).

Directly Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS)

Detection through sputum smear microscopy of TB suspects.

6 month treatment. Regular supply of anti-TB drugs. Reporting system to evaluate the

treatment outcomes.

Thank You !