The ReformationRELIGIOUS REBELLION

Opening Activity (3-5 Minutes) - Why did people begin to challenge the Church? (This would have been unheard of in the Middle Ages!) - Answer in 3-5 sentences

Essential Question and Learning Goals Essential Question: What social implications did secularization have on society? Learning Goals: 1. Describe the opening stages of the Reformation 2. Name and describe the major literary work of Martin Luther 3. Explain how secularization influenced Martin Luther

The Reformation Quick Facts - Secularization and importance of individual challenged the power of the Church

- Printing press spread secular ideas across Europe (Gutenberg) - Merchants sick of paying church taxes to Rome - Church corruption Lead to reform (changes) - Clergy was poorly educated (some could barely read)

Martin Luther - 1483-1546 - Monk - Teacher

◦Taught scripture (University of Wittenberg [Germany]) - Faith alone was the key to salvation (BIG IDEA) - Famous work: The 95 Theses

Luther’s 95 Theses - Attack against the “pardon-merchants” - Outraged against Indulgences

◦ “A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin”◦ Buy your way into heaven◦ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZTKKjxvBhE

- Posted the 95 Theses on the door of Wittenberg church - Sparked the Reformation

◦ “A movement of religious reform”

Luther’s 95 Theses Selection--- Primary Source Analysis Activity (10 Minutes)

1. PASS OUT STUDENT COPY OF DOCUMENT 2. Directions can be found at the bottom of the second page of the document

◦ Choose three quotations from the document that discuss indulgences◦ Explain how each of the three quotes spoke out against indulgences (using

YOUR OWN words)◦ 1.◦ 2.◦ 3.

Formative Assessment (3-5 minutes) - Martin Luther had the idea that “faith alone was the key to salvation.” - How did this view challenge the Church? - What were his views in regards to indulgences?

Luther’s 3 Main Ideas 1. “People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness. The Church taught that faith and good works were needed for salvation.” 2. “All Church teachings should be clearly based on the word of the Bible. Both the pope and Church traditions were false authorities.” 3. “All people with faith were equal. Therefore, people did not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.”

Repercussions of Luther’s Actions

- Excommunicated by Pope Leo X (1520) - Summoned to stand trial in Worms by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V◦ Edict of Worms Luther was considered an “outlaw and heretic”◦ Goes into hiding for a year Translates New Testament into

German - Returns to Wittenberg (1522) Starts the Lutherans

◦ “A member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther”

Repercussions of Luther’s Actions (cont.) - The Peasants’ Revolt

◦Revolutionary religious reforms applied to society◦German peasants wanted to end serfdom◦Pillaged, burned, and raided monasteries◦Princes crushed rebellion◦Killed nearly 100,000 people◦Luther became horrified Lost support of German peasants

“Against the rioting peasants” Selection (Luther)--- Primary Source Analysis Activity (10 Minutes)1. PASS OUT STUDENT COPY OF DOCUMENT“In my earlier book on this matter,1 I did not venture to judge the peasants, since they had offered to be corrected and to be in structed;2 and Christ in Matthew 7 [:1] commands us not to judge. But before I could even inspect the situation,3 they forgot their promise and violently took matters into their own hands and are robbing and raging like mad dogs. All this now makes it clear that they were trying to deceive us and that the assertions they made in their Twelve Articles4 were nothing but lies presented under the name of the gospel. To put it briefly, they are doing the devil’s work. This is particularly the work of that archdevil who rules at Mühlhausen,5 and does nothing except stir up rob bery, murder, and bloodshed; as Christ describes him in John 8 [:44], “He was a murderer from the beginning.” Since these peas ants and wretched people have now let themselves be misled and are acting differently than they promised, I, too, must write differ ently of them than I have written, and begin by setting their sin before them, as God commands Isaiah [58:1] and Ezekiel [2:7], on the chance that some of them may see themselves for what they are. Then I must instruct the rulers how they are to conduct themselves in these circumstances.”

1. Highlight three quotations and/or sentences that describe why Luther felt the actions of the Peasants were unjust2. Write a brief description of each of the three quotes using YOUR OWN WORDS

1.

2.

3.

Summative Assessment (5-7 Minutes) - Write down Luther’s “3 Main Ideas,” as covered in lecture, using YOUR OWN words