Luther Starts Luther Starts the the

ReformationReformation

Causes of the Causes of the ReformationReformation

Changes of Church CriticsChanges of Church Critics

They wanted popes to be less concerned They wanted popes to be less concerned with luxury and political power. They did with luxury and political power. They did not want to pay taxes to the Church in not want to pay taxes to the Church in Rome. They wanted the Church to Rome. They wanted the Church to become more spiritual and humblebecome more spiritual and humble

Martin Luther’s roleMartin Luther’s role

2. ML began the 2. ML began the Reformation by Reformation by challenging Church challenging Church practicespractices

Luther’s ideas lead to warLuther’s ideas lead to war

3. Luther’s protest 3. Luther’s protest allowed people to allowed people to criticize not only criticize not only the Church but the Church but emperors, tooemperors, too

Pope Leo XPope Leo X

England becomes ProtestantEngland becomes Protestant

4. Henry VIII had Parliament pass laws to 4. Henry VIII had Parliament pass laws to remove England from the Catholic Church. remove England from the Catholic Church. This action started the Church of England This action started the Church of England

Henry VIII Henry VIII and his and his wiveswives

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1. 1. Luther posts 95 thesesLuther posts 95 theses Causes: He attacked Tetzel’s selling of Causes: He attacked Tetzel’s selling of

indulgences.indulgences. Effects: Luther’s words were spread all Effects: Luther’s words were spread all

over Germany and attracted many over Germany and attracted many followersfollowers

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2. Luther is excommunicated 2. Luther is excommunicated Causes: The pope realized that Luther Causes: The pope realized that Luther

was a serious threat to papal authority. was a serious threat to papal authority. The emperor, a devout Catholic, also felt The emperor, a devout Catholic, also felt threatened.threatened.

Effects: Luther was sheltered in Saxony, Effects: Luther was sheltered in Saxony, where he translatedwhere he translated

1520 Luther is excommunicate1520 Luther is excommunicate

2. (continued) the New Testament into 2. (continued) the New Testament into German. When he returned to Wittenberg, German. When he returned to Wittenberg, he found many of his ideas already in use. he found many of his ideas already in use. He and his followers had become a He and his followers had become a separate religious group called Lutheransseparate religious group called Lutherans

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3. German peasants revolt in 15243. German peasants revolt in 1524 Causes: They were excited by talk of Causes: They were excited by talk of

Christian freedom and applied this idea to Christian freedom and applied this idea to social freedom by demanding an end to social freedom by demanding an end to serfdom.serfdom.

Effects: When the armies of theEffects: When the armies of the

German peasants revolt in 1524German peasants revolt in 1524

3. (continued) German 3. (continued) German princes (at Luther’s princes (at Luther’s request) crushed the request) crushed the revolt, killing thousands of revolt, killing thousands of people, many peasants people, many peasants rejected Luther’s religious rejected Luther’s religious leadershipleadership

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4. The Peace of Augsburg is signed in 15554. The Peace of Augsburg is signed in 1555 Causes: The Holy Roman Emperor had fought Causes: The Holy Roman Emperor had fought

a war against the German Protestant princes a war against the German Protestant princes and defeated them. However, he couldn’t force and defeated them. However, he couldn’t force them back into the Catholic Churchthem back into the Catholic Church

Peace of Augsburg 1555Peace of Augsburg 1555

4. (continued) 4. (continued) Effects: The settlement Effects: The settlement

ended the war and allowed ended the war and allowed the ruler of each German the ruler of each German state to decide his state’s state to decide his state’s religionreligion

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5. English Parliament approves the Act of 5. English Parliament approves the Act of Supremacy in 1534Supremacy in 1534

Causes: Henry VIII needed to annul his Causes: Henry VIII needed to annul his marriage to Catherine and remarry in marriage to Catherine and remarry in order to have a male heir. When the pope order to have a male heir. When the pope would not agree to this, Henry called a would not agree to this, Henry called a Reformation Parliament Reformation Parliament

Act of Supremacy 1534Act of Supremacy 1534

5. (continued) to strip away the pope’s 5. (continued) to strip away the pope’s power in England: this completed Henry’s power in England: this completed Henry’s break w/ the pope by making the king the break w/ the pope by making the king the head of England’s churchhead of England’s church

Six wives of Henry VIIISix wives of Henry VIII

Henry VIIIHenry VIII

5. (continued)5. (continued) Effects: Henry closed all English Effects: Henry closed all English

monasteries and seized their wealth and monasteries and seized their wealth and land. This act increased royal power as land. This act increased royal power as well as the king’s treasury.well as the king’s treasury.

Parliament establishes the Anglican Parliament establishes the Anglican Church 1559Church 1559

6. Mary Tudor changed everything back to 6. Mary Tudor changed everything back to Catholic, Elizabeth returned England from Catholic, Elizabeth returned England from Catholicism to Protestantism and asked Catholicism to Protestantism and asked Parliament to set up a national churchParliament to set up a national church

Execution of Queen MaryExecution of Queen Mary

Anglican Church 1559Anglican Church 1559

6. (continued) The Anglican Church 6. (continued) The Anglican Church became the only legal church in England became the only legal church in England and people were required to attend its and people were required to attend its services. Elizabeth organized the church services. Elizabeth organized the church so that both Catholic moderates and so that both Catholic moderates and Protestant moderates might accept it.Protestant moderates might accept it.

Queen ElizabethQueen Elizabeth

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Write a 5 sentence essay on a separate Write a 5 sentence essay on a separate sheet of paper using these terms:sheet of paper using these terms:

Indulgence, recant, Lutheran, Protestant, Indulgence, recant, Lutheran, Protestant, and annuland annul