TECHNICAL TERMS:

1. Stretcher.2. Header.3. Lap.4. Perpend.5. Bed.6. Closer (king &

queen).7. Arris.8. Bat.9. Splays.10. Quoin.11. Frog.12. Racking back.13. Toothing.

BRICK MASONRY

FEATURES OF ENGLISH BOND.

1. Alternate courses will show headers and stretcher faces.2. Every alternate header comes centrally over joint between two stretchers

below.3. The stretchers have min lap of 1/4th their length over headers.4. Walls of even multiple of half bricks present same faces on either side of the

wall whereas for odd number the the appearance per course will vary.5. The hearting of thicker walls will always have hearting of headers.6. At least every alternate transverse joint is continuous from face to face.7. A header course will never start with queen closer.8. Since the number of joints in header course will be twice as that of stretcher

course the joints in header course are made thinner.

SPECIAL FEATURES OF DOUBLE FLEMISH BOND.

1. Every course consists of headers and stretchers placed alternately.

2. The facing and backing of the wall in each course is of same appearance.

3. Queen closers are used next to quoin headers in evry course.4. In walls having thicknesses equal to odd multiple of half bricks

will use a lot of half and three quarter bats.5. For walls having even multiple of half brick thickness no bats

will be used.

COMPARISON BETWEEN ENGLISH AND FLEMISH BONDS:

1. English bond is stronger than flemish bond walls for walls thicker than 1 ½ brick.

2. Flemish bond gives more pleasant appearance than english bond.

3. Broken bricks can be used in the form of bats in flemishbond but will need more mortar.

4. Construction in flemish bond requires greater skill as compared to english bond.

English Cross Bond :

A header is introduced next to stretcher in every alternate course. This is done to improve the appearance of the wall

Silverlock’s bond or soldiers course:

A typical english bond in which the stretcher course bricks are laid on their edges so as to consume less no. of bricks. This arrangement forms continuous cavity in stretcher courses.

Dutch bond :

Again a modification of english bond.This bond is supposed to strengthen the corner of the wall. To do this at every end or quoin, in the stretcher course a 3/4th bat is introduced followed by a header and then the regular strecther course begins.

Raking bond :

This is used to increase the longitudinal stability of very thick walls. This bond is provided at every 4-8 courses with direction of inclination changed every alternate course in which they occur.

They are of two types :-1. Diagonal bond.2. Herring bone bond.

Zig-zag bond :

Similar to herring bone bond. Normally used as ornamental panel in brick flooring.

Garden wall bond:

This bond is used, as name suggests, for construction of garden walls, compound walls etc, where strength is not a criteria, and the height of wall does not exceed 2 meters.

These are three types:

1. Garden wall english bond.2. Garden wall flemish bond3. Garden wall monk bond.

PIERS

Piers in brick masonary are provided to support for beams, trusses or othestructural members where concentrated loading conditions are experienced. They are also provided where lateral support is required to take care of slenderness and also add stiffness to the wall.

They are of two types:

1. Isolated piers : these occur as columns which are free standing.2. Attached piers : these form bond with the masonary wall at places where

girders for roof etc. are to be provided and to add stiffness to the wall.

Isolated pier in english bond.

Attached pier

Isolated piers in flemish bond.

Circular or octagonal isolated piers

Attached pier in english bond

Attached pier in flemish bond

WALL AND PIER FOOTINGS

Footings distribute the load of wall or pier, to a wider area at its base, through provision of steps or offsets.

Each step of footing can be constructed either in single double or even more courses depending on the load intensity. The projections are ½ brick thick at every step or at every change in thickness in case of more courses.

If the offsets occur as single courses the bricks are laid as headers on the outside to maximize the bearing of the projecting part. In case of more courses regular bonding as in walls or piers is to be adopted.