MASONARY STRUCTURES

CAVITY WALLS

DEFINITION:

Consist of two ‘skins’ separated by a hollow space (cavity)

The skins are commonly masonry such as ‘brick’ or ‘concrete block’.

Masonry is an absorbent material, and therefore will slowly draw rainwater or even humidity into wall

INSTALLATION:

A single skin of block work is built on top of the foundation works.

A layer of brickwork is constructed leaving a cavity in between.

Cavity ties ensure STABILITY. Insulation is fitted in between- the

common type is ‘mineral wood’.

CAVITY WALL

Insulation between two walls

COMPOSITE

STONE CLADDING:

Applied to concrete and steel buildings as a part of their original architectural design.

Refers to light weight stimulated stone products with a concrete-type base.

Reduces material cost of construction.

STONE CLADDING ON WALL

Stones are used for elevation purpose on interior as well as exterior walls

STONE CLADDING

For exterior purpose

APPLICATION:

Affixed with wall using ‘mortar’ mix. Can be a normal stone that has been

quarried and then cut into thin pieces to reduces weight.

LINTEL AND ARCHES:

3 METHODS OF SPANNING PASSAGEWAYS:

Post and lintel. Corbelled arch. Round arch, already popular in near

east.

LINTEL:

A horizontal load-bearing building component.

Often found over portals, doors, windows and fireplaces.

LINTEL LEVEL

ARCHES:

The structure constructed of wedge shaped block of stones or bricks, joint together with mortar and provided across the opening to carry the weight of the structure above the opening.

STONE MASONARY

It is the craft of shaping rough piecies of rock into accurate geometrical shapes,at times simple,but some of considerable complexity, and then arranging the resulting stones,often togather with mortar,to form structures.

The stones are arrange in different styles using different size of stones in the stone masonary but they are arranged in a way to avoid vertical joints.

They are joined using cement mortar.

Random Rubble: Uncoursed

Random Rubble: Built to course

Square Rubble

HOLLOW CEMENT BLOCK MASONARY

It is a hollow cement rectangular unit called block.

It is light in weight hence construction carried out with it reduces the weight of the building to the footing.

The hollow part in the block helps to join the blocks properly with the mortar and it also works as thermal and sound insulation.

Types of hollow cement blocks

BRICK MASONARY

Brick is a rectangular unit made of clay used in constuction.

Standard brick size: 19*9*9 cm after mortar :20*10*10

Traditional brick: 9*4 ¾ *2 ¾ inch after mortar 9*4 ½ *3 inch.

The indension made on the top of the brick is known as frog it is used to join the bricks using mortar properly.

Types of bricks

Types of bonds

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

ROOF TRUSS

WHAT IS A ROOF TRUSS ?

(1) In architecture and engineering, a supporting structure or framework composed of beams, girders, or rods commonly of steel or wood lying in a single plane.

(2) A truss usually takes the form of a triangle or combination of triangles, since this design ensures the greatest rigidity.

 (3)Trusses are used for large spans and heavy loads, especially in bridges and roofs. Their open construction is lighter than, yet just as strong as, a beam with a solid web between upper and lower lines. The members are known as TIE-BEAMS, posts, rafters, and struts; the distance over which the truss extends is called the span. The upper and lower lines or beams are connected by web members.

A ROOF TRUSS A truss used in roof construction, it carr

ies the weight of roof deck and framing and of wind loads on the upper chord.

 An example is a Finktruss.

CABLES

CABLE STAYED BRIDGE:

It has one or more towers, from which cable support the bridge deck.

Non mobile. Two major classes of cable-stayed

bridges:a. Harp b. Fan

MATERIALS USED:

Steel rope Post-tensioned concrete box girders Steels or concrete pylons

CARRIERS:

Pedestrains Bicycles Automobiles Trucks Light rail

SURFACE STRUCTURES

It is a membrane plate or shell type structure with much less thickness as compared to other dimensions.

Ex:O2 Arena ,London ,shell structure. The thin curved plate structure is shaped

to transmit applied compressive forces and shear stresses thatact in the plane of the surface.they are generally constructed with concrete reinforced with steel.

O2 Arena,London

Shell Structure

FRAMED STRUCTURE

WHAT IS A FRAMED STRUCTURE?

Framed structures are the structures having the combination of beam, column and slab to resist the loads.

ADVANTAGES

Speedy construction. Very rigid and stable. Offers large unobstructed floor areas. Easy to design. Partition walls can be easily altered

within limits of frame.

Thank You

GROUP MEMBERS:

Shweta Dhamanwala Prachi Shukla Zuena Saiyed Riddhi Chitalia Abhishek Mewada Dhaval Gajjar Mayank Patel