Unit 1 Masonary Constructionggn.dronacharya.info/CivilDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/III-Sem/Unit-1... · ´stretcher- it is a full brick or stone which is laid with its length parallel

BCMUNIT IUNIT-I

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

MASONRY CONSTRUCTION –THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGUNITS BONDED TOGETHER WITHMORTAR.THE SELECTION OF THE TYPE OFMATERIAL (BRICK STONE etc ) DEPENDSMATERIAL (BRICK, STONE etc.) DEPENDSON THE REQUIREMENTS OF STRENGTH,WATER PROOFING THERMALWATER PROOFING, THERMALINSULATION, FIRE RESISTANCE,DURABILITY AND ECONOMY

CATEGORIES OF MASONRY WALLSCATEGORIES OF MASONRY WALLS

LOAD BEARING WALLS-O G STO CARRY SUPERIMPOSED LOADS FROM FLOORS ANDROOF INCLUDING THEIR SELF WEIGHT. THEY AREUSUALLY CONSTRUCTED WITH CONTINUOUSFOUNDATIONFOUNDATION.NON-LOAD BEARING WALLS (PANEL, CURTAIN ORFILLER WALLS)-DOES NOT CARRY SUPERIMPOSED LOAD. SERVES ASPRIVACY AND TO KEEP OUT WIND AND WEATHER. THEYARE USUALLY CONSTRUCTED WITH BRICK PIERS,SYSTEM OF R C C OR STEEL BEAMS AND COLUMNSYSTEM OF R.C.C OR STEEL BEAMS AND COLUMNFRAMES.RETAINING WALLS-TO RESIST THE PRESSUR OF EARTH GRANULARTO RESIST THE PRESSUR OF EARTH, GRANULARMATERIAL OR LIQUID FILLED BEHIND IT AFTER IT ISBUILT.

MASONRY WALLS DEPENDING ON TYPES OF MATERIAL USED

STONE MASONRYBRICK MASONRYREINFORCED BRICK MASONRYCOMPOSITE MASONRYHOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKHOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKMASONRYLOAD BEARING WALL TILE MASONRYLOAD BEARING WALL TILE MASONRY

VARIOUS TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MASONRYVARIOUS TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MASONRY

HEADER- IT IS A FULL BRICK OR STONEHEADER IT IS A FULL BRICK OR STONEWHICH IS LAID WITH ITS LENGTHPERPENDICULAR TO THE FACE OF THEPERPENDICULAR TO THE FACE OF THEWALL (10 cm X 10 cm FOR MODULARBRICKS).BRICKS).STRETCHER- IT IS A FULL BRICK ORSTONE WHICH IS LAID WITH ITS LENGTHSTONE WHICH IS LAID WITH ITS LENGTHPARALLEL TO THE FACE OF THE WALL(10 cm X 20 cm FOR MODULAR BRICKS)(10 cm X 20 cm FOR MODULAR BRICKS)

TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MASONRY CONTD…TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MASONRY CONTD…

COURSE A HORIZONTAL LAYER OFCOURSE – A HORIZONTAL LAYER OFBRICKS OR STONES. THICKNESS OF ACOURSE= THICKNESS OF BRICK (10 cmCOURSE= THICKNESS OF BRICK (10 cmFOR MODULAR BRICKS) + THICKNESSOF ONE MORTAR JOINT.HEADER COURSE- IT IS COMPOSED OFHEADERS ONLY.STRETCHER COURSE- IT IS COMPOSEDOF STRETCHERS ONLY.


BOND OVERLAPPING OF BRICKS ORBOND- OVERLAPPING OF BRICKS ORSTONES IN A WALL IN ALTERNATECOURSES TO BIND THE WHOLE WALLCOURSES TO BIND THE WHOLE WALLTOGETHER.BED SURFACE OF BRICKS ORBED- SURFACE OF BRICKS ORSTONES ON WHICH IT RESTS.FACE THE SURFACE OF A WALLFACE- THE SURFACE OF A WALLEXPOSED TO WEATHER.FACING THE MATERIAL USED IN THEFACING- THE MATERIAL USED IN THEFACE OF THE WALL


BACK- THE INNER SURFACE OF WALLBACK THE INNER SURFACE OF WALLNOT EXPOSED TO WEATHER.BACKING- THE MATERIAL USED IN THEBACK OF THE WALL.HEARTING- THE PORTION OF A WALLBETWEEN FACING AND BACKING.JOINT- IT IS THE JUNCTION OF TWO ORMORE BRICKS/ STONES JOINTSMORE BRICKS/ STONES. JOINTSPARALLEL TO THE BED ARE BED JOINTSAND PERPENDICULAR TO FACE OF THEAND PERPENDICULAR TO FACE OF THEWALL ARE CROSS JOINTS.


RACKING BACK- THE PROCESS OFSTOPPING THE UNFINISHED END OF AWALL IN STEPPED FASHIONWALL IN STEPPED FASHION.BAT- PORTION OF A BRICK CUT BY SOMEFRACTION OF ITS LENGTHFRACTION OF ITS LENGTH.CLOSER- PORTION OF A BRICK SO CUTTHAT ITS ONE LONG FACE REMAINSTHAT ITS ONE LONG FACE REMAINSUNCUT.KING CLOSER- FORMED BY CUTTINGOFF THE TRAINGULAR PIECE BETWEENTHE CENTER OF ONE WIDTH AND THECENTER OF ONE SIDE


QUEEN CLOSER FORMED BY CUTTING AQUEEN CLOSER- FORMED BY CUTTING ABRICK LENGTHWISE INTO TWO EQUALPORTIONS.BEVELLED CLOSER- FORMED BY CUTTINGA BRICK FOR HALF WIDTH AT ONE ENDAND FULL WIDTH AT THE ANOTHERAND FULL WIDTH AT THE ANOTHER.MITRED CLOSER- FORMED BY CUTTINGONE END OF A BRICK TO ANY WIDTH ANDFULL WIDTH AT THE ANOTHER.PERPEND- IT IS A VERTICAL JOINT ON THEFACE OF THE WALL DIRECTLY ABOVEFACE OF THE WALL DIRECTLY ABOVEVERTICAL JOINTS IN ALTERNATE COURSE.


FROG- A DEPRESSION ON THE TOP FACEOF A BRICK. IT PROVIDES A BONDBETWEEN BRICK AND MORTAR ANDPREVENTS DISPLACEMENT OF BRICKPREVENTS DISPLACEMENT OF BRICK.QUOIN- THE WEDGE SHAPEDBRICK/STONE USED AT THE CORNER OFWALLS.PLINTH- THE HORIZONTAL PROJECTINGOR FLUSH COURSE PROVIDED AT THEOR FLUSH COURSE PROVIDED AT THEBASE OF THE WALL ABOVE GROUNDLEVEL. IT RAISES THE LEVEL OF THEGROUND FLOOR OF THE BUILDINGGROUND FLOOR OF THE BUILDINGABOVE THE NATURAL GROUND LEVELAND PROTECTS IT FROM RAIN


PLINTH COURSE- THE TOPMOST COURSE OF PLINTH AND IS FINISHED FLUSH WITH THE GROUND FLOOR.SILL- A HORIZONTAL MEMBER OF BRICK /STONE /CONCRETE /WOOD TO GIVE SUPPORT FOR THE VERTICAL MEMBERS OF A WINDOWOF A WINDOW.JAMBS- THE VERTICAL SIDES OF THE FINISHED OPENINGS FOR DOORS/ WINDOWS/ FIRE PLACE


REVEALS- THE EXPOSED VERTICALSURFACES LEFT ON THE SIDES OF ANOPENING AFTER FITTING OF THEOPENING AFTER FITTING OF THEDOOR/WINDOW FRAME.LINTEL- A HORIZONTAL MEMBER OFLINTEL- A HORIZONTAL MEMBER OFSTONE/ BRICK/ WOOD/ STEEL/ R.C.C TOSUPPORT THE LOAD OF MASONRYABOVE AN OPENING.ARCH- AN ARRANGEMENT OF WEDGESHAPED BLOCKS OF BRICK/STONE INTHE FORM OF A CURVE SUPPORTINGTHE MASONRY OR LOAD ABOVE AN


STRING COURSE- A HORIZONTALCOURSE OF MASONRY PROJECTINGFROM THE FACE OF THE WALL ATEVERY FLOOR OR SILL LEVELTHROUGHOUT THE LENGTH OF THEWALL.CORNICE- A HORIZONTAL MOULDEDPROJECTION PROVIDED NEAR THETOP OR JUNCTION OF WALL ANDCEILING OF A BUILDING.


FRIEZE- A COURSE OF MASONRYFLUSHED WITH THE WALL PROVIDEDIMMEDIATELY BELOW THE CORNICE.BLOCKING COURSE- A COURSE OFMASONRY FLUSHED WITH THE WALLPROVIDED IMMEDIATELY ABOVE THECORNICECORNICE.PARAPET- A LOW WALL BUILT AROUNDA FLAT ROOF TO ACT AS PROTECTIONA FLAT ROOF TO ACT AS PROTECTIONFOR TERRACE USERS.


COPING A COVERING PLACED ONCOPING- A COVERING PLACED ONTHE TOP OF AN EXTERNAL WALL TOPREVENT THE SEEPAGE OF WATERPREVENT THE SEEPAGE OF WATERTHROUGH THE JOINTS OF TOPMOSTCOURSE OF WALL.TOOTHING- BRICKS LEFTPROJECTING IN ALTERNATE COURSESFOR THE PURPOSE OF BONDINGFUTURE MASONRY WORK.THROATING- A GROOVE CUT ON THEUNDERSIDE OF A PROJECTING


THROUGH STONE- A STONE PASSINGTHROUGH A WALL FROM FRONT TO BACKFACEFACE.BOND STONE- TWO OR MORE STONESPASSING THROUGH A WALL FROM FRONT TOBACK FACE.INDENTING- THE PROCESS OF LEAVINGRECESSES IN MASONRY INTO WHICH FUTURERECESSES IN MASONRY INTO WHICH FUTUREWORK CAN BE BONDED.TEMPLATE OR BED BLOCK- BLOCK OF STONE/TEMPLATE OR BED BLOCK BLOCK OF STONE/CONCRETE USED UNDER A BEAM OR GIRDERTO DISTRIBUTE CONCENTRATED LOADS ATTHE ENDS OF BEAM/ GIRDERS OVER A


SPALLS- CHIPS/SMALL PIECES OFSTONES USED TO FILL THE INTERSTICESIN STONE MASONRY.COLUMN- AN ISOLATED VERTICAL LOADBEARING MEMBER WHOSE WIDTH DOESNOT EXCEED FOUR TIMES ITSTHICKNESS.PIER- A VERTICAL MEMBER OFSTONE/BRICK/ R.C.C TO SUPPORT ARCH,BEAM OR LINTEL etc., THE WIDTH OF


BUTTRESS- A PIER BUILT AT THEEXTERIOR OF A WALL AND PROPERLYBONDED TO IT.CORBEL- IT IS GENERALLY THEORNAMENTAL PROJECTION/EXTENSION OF ONE OR MORECOURSE OF BRICK/ STONE FROM THECOURSE OF BRICK/ STONE FROM THEFACE OF A WALL.THRESHOLDS THE STEPS PROVIDEDTHRESHOLDS- THE STEPS PROVIDEDFROM GROUND LEVEL TO REACHPLINTH LEVEL ON EXTERNAL DOORS

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Unit 1 Masonary Constructionggn.dronacharya.info/CivilDept/Downloads/QuestionBank/III-Sem/Unit-1... · ´stretcher- it is a full brick or stone which is laid with its length parallel