Andrew WatsonOMG Technical Director
OMG: The Home ofModelling Standards
Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
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• A successful forum for creating open integration standards in the computer industry- Platforms: BPMN, SBVR, UML, DDS & related work- Domain: Finance, C4I, Healthcare, Government, etc.
• An industrial consortium with vendor and user members- Implementation must be available from OMG member
• Interfaces freely available to all- Visit http://www.omg.org
• Decisions taken by members
Introducing OMG
Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
AdaptiveAdelard LLPAppianAtegoAxwayBloombergBoeingCACamundaCitiCordysCSCDeere & Co.
DellEADSEclipse Fndn.EFFEPFLFujitsuG. DynamicsGen. ElectricHDMAHPHitachiHondaIBM
INRIAJARALockheedMayo ClinicMEGAMentor GʼicsMicrosoftMID GmbHMITRENARANASANECNIST
No MagicNorthropNTT DataOpen GroupOraclePhastPrismTechRed HatRolls-RoyceRTISaab Sys.SAPSofteam
Software AGSparxSWIFTThalesThematixTIBCOToshibaToyotaU. FrankfurtUnisysW3CWebRatio(200+ more)
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Worldwide Membership
Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Home of Modelling Standards (1)
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Home of Modelling Standards (2)• Unified Modelling Language (UML)
- UML 1.0 published 1997, UML 1.4.2 = ISO/IEC 19501:2005- UML 2.0 published 2005, UML 2.4.1 = ISO/IEC 19505:2012
• Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN)- BPMN 1.x available since 2005- BPMN 2.0 published 2011, BPMN 2.0.1 = ISO/IEC 19510:2013
• Meta-Object Facility (MOF)- Foundation for all OMG modelling specifications- MOF models exchanged in standard XMI format- MOF 2 & XMI 2 soon to be ISO/IEC standards too
• Also IFML, UPDM, SBVR, PRR, BMM, SysML, ...5
Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Business goals & strategies
BMM
Human Interface Architecture
EDOC
The ZachmanFramework
DataWhat(Things)
Semantic Model
Things important to the business
LogicalData Model
CWMPhysical
Data Model
Data Definition
Scope(Contextual)Planner
Business Model(Conceptual)Owner
System Model(Logical)Designer
Technology Model(Physical)Builder
DetailedRepresentations(Out-of-Context)Sub-Contractor
FunctionHow
(Process)
Business Process Model
Processes the business performs
Application Architecture
EDOCSystem Design
Program
NetworkWhere
(Location)
Business Logistics System
Places where the business operates
Distributed System Architecture
UMLTechnology Architecture
Network Architecture
PeopleWho
(People)
Workflow model
Organisations linked to the business
Presentation Architecture
Security Architecture
TimeWhen(Time)
Master schedule
Events significant to the business
Processing structure
MARTEControl Structure
Timing definition
MotivationWhy
(Motivation)
Business plan
SBVRBusiness rule
model
Rule design
Rule specification
Abstractions (Columns)
Pers
pect
ives
(Row
s) BPDM/BPMN
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
OMG at work: Unified Modelling Language• Successor to multiplicity of OO A&D notations of early 90s
• Result of OMG process begun in 1994, completed 1997- UML market grew ~20% pa during 2001-3 IT recession
• By 2008 > 70% of Software Development Orgs used UML- Dozens of tools- UML books, training- Engineer certification- Custom profiles (e.g. UPDM)
• Standards not a zero-sum game- Standards grow markets
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
What is UML?• A family of 13 visual modelling notations
- All based based on common metadata infrastructure (MOF)- Originally designed to support Object-oriented analysis &
design of software systems
• Two broad classes of diagrams- Those that represent static structure, invariant over time
(e.g. class diagram, deployment diagram)- Those representing dynamic behaviour (e.g. activity
diagram, use-case diagram, state machine diagram)
• Class diagrams the most-used in software development (97%)- Represent name, attributes & operations of an OO class
(concept), relationships & associations between them 8
Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Example Class diagram
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Adapting UML for other domains: SysML• Extended subset of UML for specifying & designing complex
systems with hardware, software and human components
• Developed by OMG with support from INCOSE & ISO AP233
• Some new diagram types- Parametric diagram, Requirements diagram
• Modifies other UML diagram types- Activity Diagrams, Block diagrams
• Supported by multiple tool vendors
• Strong uptake in Aerospace & Defence
• Certification: OMG Certified Systems Modelling Professional10
Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Why re-purpose UML?• UML is increasingly being used in domains outside software
development, because:- Class diagrams usable for data modelling in many domains- Ubiquitous tool support- Notation widely-understood (education, certification)
• Mapping to well-understood, well-supported meta-data infrastructure- Models that underlie diagrams can be processed &
manipulated via a variety of tools
• Standard mechanism for profiling UML for specific domains is already built into the language
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Other standard UML Profiles• Outside the software domain
- Unified Profile for DoDAF and MODAF (UPDM)- UML Profile for Voice- UML Testing Profile
• Inside the software domain- UML Profile for CORBA and CCM- UML Profile for DDS- UML Profile & Metamodel for Services (UPMS), aka SoaML- UML Profile for Modelling & Analysis of Real-Time &
Embedded systems (MARTE)
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Meta-Object Facility (MOF)• Meta-data foundation for all OMG modelling specs
- Specifies information model for storing information that underlies UML diagrams (“UML infrastructure”)
• Essential MOF (EMOF) largely aligned with Eclipse Modelling Framework (EMF) ECore- Complete MOF (CMOF) Eclipse plug-in now also available- Semantic MOF (SMOF) RFP in progress, to help represent
real-world data in MOF
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Model Interchange• UML models specified using MOF
- Standard export format is XMI (XML Metadata Interchange)- Most tools export XMI (in addition to own storage formats)- Lack of testing caused poor tool interoperability in the past
• OMG Model Interchange Working Group has been testing tools and fixing tool and specification bugs for ~ 6 years- Live 6-way UML2 tool XMI interoperability demo in Oct 2009- Sparx Enterprise Architect,
Artisan Studio, IBM RSX,No Magic MagicDraw,ModelioSoft Modelio,IBM Rhapsody
- Now working on SysML14
Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Other software modelling specifications• Software Process Engineering Metamodel 2.0
- MOF meta-model for software development processes
• Executable UML Foundation (fUML)- Computationally-complete subset of UML 2 & its semantics
• Action Language for Foundational UML (ALF)- Concrete syntax for UML Action Language
• Interaction Flow Modelling Language (IFML)- Expresses UI content, user interaction & control behaviour
• IFML + fUML + ALF -> model complete executable application
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Business Process Management• The key component of a new approach to Business IT
• Business Process: a sequence of activities performed by people and software systems in order to achieve one of an organisationʼs goals or sub-goals
• Business Process Management (BPM): a systematic approach to discovering, documenting and continuously improving an organisationʼs business processes- BPM activities seek to make business processes more
effective, more efficient, and more capable of adapting to an ever-changing environment
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
CHAOS Chronicles: IT project success rates
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0
20
40
60
80
100
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
% Succeeded % Challenged % Failed
31 23 15 18 19 242840
53 49 51 53 46 444633
16 28 34 29 35 322627
Source: Standish Group
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42
37
18
43
39
Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Business Process Maturity Model (BPMM)• Some spectacular “IT catastrophes” actually stem from the
state of the organisation- There are no stable, consistent requirements to be gathered- Target organisationʼs business processes are inconsistent,
ad-hoc, not repeatable or deliver hard-to-predict results
• BPMM - business analogue of CMU Capability Maturity Model (CMM) used by organisations that create software
• Aims to measure and help improve organisational readiness for technology deployment
• An OMG standard
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
1 Initial: processes performed in inconsistent, sometimes ad- hoc ways, with results that are difficult to predict
2 Managed: work within local workgroups performed in a repeatable way (but groups may use different procedures)
3 Standardised: common, standard processes created from organisationʼs best practices used across organisation
4 Predictable: process performance measured to control variation; outcomes predictable from intermediate states
5 Innovating: organisations identify gaps between current capability & objective, implement changes to address them
BPMM levels
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Business Motivation Model (BMM)• Contains and organises business plan elements
- Ends: What enterprise wishes to achieve- Means: How enterprise will achieve Ends (strategies,
tactics, policies, rules)- Influencers, and assessments of their impact (strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, threats)
• Framework for modelling business plan before system design- Refers to external process, rule, vocabulary & organisation
models defined using other standards (e.g. SBVR, BPMN)
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Business Process Modelling Notation• Easy-to-understand syntax for capturing business processes
- Standardised, flowchart-like
• Readable by all stake-holders- Business analysts who create processes, developers who
implement software, managers who monitor processes- Common language to bridge the communication gap- ... but also precise
• Aims to unify & grow Business ProcessModelling market the way UMLunified software modelling market- Single syntax used by multiple
vendorsʼ tools21
Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Most widely-used process standard
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Copyright (c) 2010 Business Process Trends. www.bptrends.com
Process Standards that Were Important to Respondent’s Organizations The most important standard to organizations throughout the world was the Object Management Group’s Business Process Management Notation (BPMN), a standard that defines the symbols and syntax to be used in constructing process flow diagrams. BPMN provides a simple subset of its notation that can be used by business people to describe how work occurs at their organizations. Once they have modeled and then redesigned their business processes, IT developers can use an extended set of the same notation to describe how to automate some or all of the process. Having a common notation for business and IT analysts – in effect a common language in which business managers and IT developers can discuss processes – is considered a major advance in process work. Clearly, organizations are willing to invest in a standard that promises to make it easier for their business and IT developers to work together.
Figure 8. Process Standards
Source: www.bptrends.com
Copy
right
© 2
010,
Bus
ines
s Pr
oces
s Tr
ends
BPMN
Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Business Process Modelling Notation
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BPM
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12-Nov-2008
Copyright ©2008, Object Management Group. All Rights reserved.
BPM
Business Process Modelling Notation
Supp
lier
Fina
ncia
lIn
stitu
tion
Sale
sDi
strib
utio
n
Pack goods Ship goods
ProcessorderAuthorise
payment
Authorisecredit card
+
+
Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
BPMN history• Early 2005: BPMN 1.0 published by BPMI
- Exports BPEL to drive process automation engines
• June 2005: BPMI merged with OMG- First OMG revision (BPMN 1.1) published January 2008 - BPMN 1.2 revision published January 2009
• January 2011: BPMN 2.0 published- Preserves BPMN syntax, introduces formal metamodel- Adopted by ISO/IEC JTC1 as ISO/IEC 19510:2013
• June 2013, Berlin: 7 tools from Yaoqiang, Signavio, BoC Group, Trisotech, Camunda Services demonstrate BPMN model Interchange using standard formats
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
BPMN ecosystem• Complete ecosystem is a symptom of, and a driver for,
success:- Specification: freely available, mainly for implementers- Implementations: available from many vendors (& OSS)- Books: “how to” guides aimed at users, not implementers- Training: available from several established providers- Certification: “OMG Certified Expert in BPM”- Conferences- Discussion fora, etc, etc ....
• 70+ BPMN implementations that I know of- There may be more!- See: http://www.bpmn.org/
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
BPMN books
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
... and more books
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
OCEB - OMG Certified Expert in BPM• Five vendor-neutral exams & Certifications
• Jointly developed with UMLTechnology Institute in Japan,available internationally
• Exams written by 25 BPM experts
• Testing provided by Pearson Vue
• OMG publishes directory ofcertified professionals
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Semantics of Business Vocabulary & Rules• MOF metamodel for vocabularies & rules describing business
- Formal, precise, unambiguous but easy-to-understand- Based on first-order predicate logic, with limited extensions
• Two precise, non-normative human-readable text syntaxes- “Structured English”- RuleSpeak - Business Rule Solutionsʼ established notation
• Good representation of policies & other requirements
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Structural & Operative Rules• Structural rules are definitions of the vocabulary of non-
primitive terms- “A Car Hire Customer has at least one of the following:
A Reservation An in-progress car hire A car hire completed within the last 5 years”
• Operative Rules are requirements governing the conduct of business activities- ... and therefore can be violated by the people involved- “A customer who appears drunk must not be given
possession of a hire car”
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Example Structured English operative rules
It is obligatory that each rental car is owned by exactly one branch.
It is obligatory that at the actual return date/time of eachin-country rental and each international inward rental the
local area of the return branch of the rental owns therented car of the rental.
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Modality Object Type
Object Type
Quantifier
Quantifier Fact Type
Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Other OMG BPM standards• Case Management Model & Notation (CMMN)
- BPMN 2 extensions to model case management- Maintains case file documents & rules to guide, constrain &
support human decision-maker for (e.g.) insurance claim
• Date-Time Vocabulary- SBVR & ODM vocabulary for very broad time terminology
• Decision Model and Notation (DMN)- Standardises models of how businesses make decisions,
usually as a part of a business process model- Includes standardised representation of decision tables
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
Summary• OMG develops and maintains the visual modelling standards
on which the software industry depends- UML for modelling software artefacts- BPMN for modelling business processes- UML profiles for Systems Engineering, EA, SOA, more ...- IFML for modelling User Interfaces- SBVR for modelling Business Rules- ...
• All built on common MOF metaobject framework- Common exchange formats & meta-tools
• Strong commercial & OSS tool marketplace supported by OMG-regulated Engineer certification
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Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013
For more information
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OMG: http://www.omg.org
Certification: http://www.omg.org/oceb
Bug reports: http://www.omg.org/technology/agreement.htm
Email: [email protected]
Thank You!