OMG: The Home of Modelling Standards - MID GmbH · PDF file• Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN)-BPMN 1.x available since 2005-BPMN 2.0 published 2011, BPMN 2.0.1 = ISO/IEC

Andrew WatsonOMG Technical Director

OMG: The Home ofModelling Standards

Modelling StandardsCopyright © 2013, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 11 Nov 2013

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• A successful forum for creating open integration standards in the computer industry- Platforms: BPMN, SBVR, UML, DDS & related work- Domain: Finance, C4I, Healthcare, Government, etc.

• An industrial consortium with vendor and user members- Implementation must be available from OMG member

• Interfaces freely available to all- Visit http://www.omg.org

• Decisions taken by members

Introducing OMG


AdaptiveAdelard LLPAppianAtegoAxwayBloombergBoeingCACamundaCitiCordysCSCDeere & Co.

DellEADSEclipse Fndn.EFFEPFLFujitsuG. DynamicsGen. ElectricHDMAHPHitachiHondaIBM

INRIAJARALockheedMayo ClinicMEGAMentor GʼicsMicrosoftMID GmbHMITRENARANASANECNIST

No MagicNorthropNTT DataOpen GroupOraclePhastPrismTechRed HatRolls-RoyceRTISaab Sys.SAPSofteam

Software AGSparxSWIFTThalesThematixTIBCOToshibaToyotaU. FrankfurtUnisysW3CWebRatio(200+ more)

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Worldwide Membership

http://www.bloomberg.com/

http://www.bloomberg.com/


Home of Modelling Standards (1)

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Home of Modelling Standards (2)• Unified Modelling Language (UML)

- UML 1.0 published 1997, UML 1.4.2 = ISO/IEC 19501:2005- UML 2.0 published 2005, UML 2.4.1 = ISO/IEC 19505:2012

• Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN)- BPMN 1.x available since 2005- BPMN 2.0 published 2011, BPMN 2.0.1 = ISO/IEC 19510:2013

• Meta-Object Facility (MOF)- Foundation for all OMG modelling specifications- MOF models exchanged in standard XMI format- MOF 2 & XMI 2 soon to be ISO/IEC standards too

• Also IFML, UPDM, SBVR, PRR, BMM, SysML, ...5


Business goals & strategies

BMM

Human Interface Architecture

EDOC

The ZachmanFramework

DataWhat(Things)

Semantic Model

Things important to the business

LogicalData Model

CWMPhysical

Data Model

Data Definition

Scope(Contextual)Planner

Business Model(Conceptual)Owner

System Model(Logical)Designer

Technology Model(Physical)Builder

DetailedRepresentations(Out-of-Context)Sub-Contractor

FunctionHow

(Process)

Business Process Model

Processes the business performs

Application Architecture

EDOCSystem Design

Program

NetworkWhere

(Location)

Business Logistics System

Places where the business operates

Distributed System Architecture

UMLTechnology Architecture

Network Architecture

PeopleWho

(People)

Workflow model

Organisations linked to the business

Presentation Architecture

Security Architecture

TimeWhen(Time)

Master schedule

Events significant to the business

Processing structure

MARTEControl Structure

Timing definition

MotivationWhy

(Motivation)

Business plan

SBVRBusiness rule

model

Rule design

Rule specification

Abstractions (Columns)

Pers

pect

ives

(Row

s) BPDM/BPMN

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OMG at work: Unified Modelling Language• Successor to multiplicity of OO A&D notations of early 90s

• Result of OMG process begun in 1994, completed 1997- UML market grew ~20% pa during 2001-3 IT recession

• By 2008 > 70% of Software Development Orgs used UML- Dozens of tools- UML books, training- Engineer certification- Custom profiles (e.g. UPDM)

• Standards not a zero-sum game- Standards grow markets

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What is UML?• A family of 13 visual modelling notations

- All based based on common metadata infrastructure (MOF)- Originally designed to support Object-oriented analysis &

design of software systems

• Two broad classes of diagrams- Those that represent static structure, invariant over time

(e.g. class diagram, deployment diagram)- Those representing dynamic behaviour (e.g. activity

diagram, use-case diagram, state machine diagram)

• Class diagrams the most-used in software development (97%)- Represent name, attributes & operations of an OO class

(concept), relationships & associations between them 8


Example Class diagram

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Adapting UML for other domains: SysML• Extended subset of UML for specifying & designing complex

systems with hardware, software and human components

• Developed by OMG with support from INCOSE & ISO AP233

• Some new diagram types- Parametric diagram, Requirements diagram

• Modifies other UML diagram types- Activity Diagrams, Block diagrams

• Supported by multiple tool vendors

• Strong uptake in Aerospace & Defence

• Certification: OMG Certified Systems Modelling Professional10


Why re-purpose UML?• UML is increasingly being used in domains outside software

development, because:- Class diagrams usable for data modelling in many domains- Ubiquitous tool support- Notation widely-understood (education, certification)

• Mapping to well-understood, well-supported meta-data infrastructure- Models that underlie diagrams can be processed &

manipulated via a variety of tools

• Standard mechanism for profiling UML for specific domains is already built into the language

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Other standard UML Profiles• Outside the software domain

- Unified Profile for DoDAF and MODAF (UPDM)- UML Profile for Voice- UML Testing Profile

• Inside the software domain- UML Profile for CORBA and CCM- UML Profile for DDS- UML Profile & Metamodel for Services (UPMS), aka SoaML- UML Profile for Modelling & Analysis of Real-Time &

Embedded systems (MARTE)

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Meta-Object Facility (MOF)• Meta-data foundation for all OMG modelling specs

- Specifies information model for storing information that underlies UML diagrams (“UML infrastructure”)

• Essential MOF (EMOF) largely aligned with Eclipse Modelling Framework (EMF) ECore- Complete MOF (CMOF) Eclipse plug-in now also available- Semantic MOF (SMOF) RFP in progress, to help represent

real-world data in MOF

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Model Interchange• UML models specified using MOF

- Standard export format is XMI (XML Metadata Interchange)- Most tools export XMI (in addition to own storage formats)- Lack of testing caused poor tool interoperability in the past

• OMG Model Interchange Working Group has been testing tools and fixing tool and specification bugs for ~ 6 years- Live 6-way UML2 tool XMI interoperability demo in Oct 2009- Sparx Enterprise Architect,

Artisan Studio, IBM RSX,No Magic MagicDraw,ModelioSoft Modelio,IBM Rhapsody

- Now working on SysML14


Other software modelling specifications• Software Process Engineering Metamodel 2.0

- MOF meta-model for software development processes

• Executable UML Foundation (fUML)- Computationally-complete subset of UML 2 & its semantics

• Action Language for Foundational UML (ALF)- Concrete syntax for UML Action Language

• Interaction Flow Modelling Language (IFML)- Expresses UI content, user interaction & control behaviour

• IFML + fUML + ALF -> model complete executable application

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Business Process Management• The key component of a new approach to Business IT

• Business Process: a sequence of activities performed by people and software systems in order to achieve one of an organisationʼs goals or sub-goals

• Business Process Management (BPM): a systematic approach to discovering, documenting and continuously improving an organisationʼs business processes- BPM activities seek to make business processes more

effective, more efficient, and more capable of adapting to an ever-changing environment

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CHAOS Chronicles: IT project success rates

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0

20

40

60

80

100

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

% Succeeded % Challenged % Failed

31 23 15 18 19 242840

53 49 51 53 46 444633

16 28 34 29 35 322627

Source: Standish Group

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42

37

18

43

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Business Process Maturity Model (BPMM)• Some spectacular “IT catastrophes” actually stem from the

state of the organisation- There are no stable, consistent requirements to be gathered- Target organisationʼs business processes are inconsistent,

ad-hoc, not repeatable or deliver hard-to-predict results

• BPMM - business analogue of CMU Capability Maturity Model (CMM) used by organisations that create software

• Aims to measure and help improve organisational readiness for technology deployment

• An OMG standard

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1 Initial: processes performed in inconsistent, sometimes ad- hoc ways, with results that are difficult to predict

2 Managed: work within local workgroups performed in a repeatable way (but groups may use different procedures)

3 Standardised: common, standard processes created from organisationʼs best practices used across organisation

4 Predictable: process performance measured to control variation; outcomes predictable from intermediate states

5 Innovating: organisations identify gaps between current capability & objective, implement changes to address them

BPMM levels

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Business Motivation Model (BMM)• Contains and organises business plan elements

- Ends: What enterprise wishes to achieve- Means: How enterprise will achieve Ends (strategies,

tactics, policies, rules)- Influencers, and assessments of their impact (strengths,

weaknesses, opportunities, threats)

• Framework for modelling business plan before system design- Refers to external process, rule, vocabulary & organisation

models defined using other standards (e.g. SBVR, BPMN)

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Business Process Modelling Notation• Easy-to-understand syntax for capturing business processes

- Standardised, flowchart-like

• Readable by all stake-holders- Business analysts who create processes, developers who

implement software, managers who monitor processes- Common language to bridge the communication gap- ... but also precise

• Aims to unify & grow Business ProcessModelling market the way UMLunified software modelling market- Single syntax used by multiple

vendorsʼ tools21


Most widely-used process standard

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Copyright (c) 2010 Business Process Trends. www.bptrends.com

Process Standards that Were Important to Respondent’s Organizations The most important standard to organizations throughout the world was the Object Management Group’s Business Process Management Notation (BPMN), a standard that defines the symbols and syntax to be used in constructing process flow diagrams. BPMN provides a simple subset of its notation that can be used by business people to describe how work occurs at their organizations. Once they have modeled and then redesigned their business processes, IT developers can use an extended set of the same notation to describe how to automate some or all of the process. Having a common notation for business and IT analysts – in effect a common language in which business managers and IT developers can discuss processes – is considered a major advance in process work. Clearly, organizations are willing to invest in a standard that promises to make it easier for their business and IT developers to work together.

Figure 8. Process Standards

Source: www.bptrends.com

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Business Process Modelling Notation

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BPM

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Copyright ©2008, Object Management Group. All Rights reserved.

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BPMN history• Early 2005: BPMN 1.0 published by BPMI

- Exports BPEL to drive process automation engines

• June 2005: BPMI merged with OMG- First OMG revision (BPMN 1.1) published January 2008 - BPMN 1.2 revision published January 2009

• January 2011: BPMN 2.0 published- Preserves BPMN syntax, introduces formal metamodel- Adopted by ISO/IEC JTC1 as ISO/IEC 19510:2013

• June 2013, Berlin: 7 tools from Yaoqiang, Signavio, BoC Group, Trisotech, Camunda Services demonstrate BPMN model Interchange using standard formats

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BPMN ecosystem• Complete ecosystem is a symptom of, and a driver for,

success:- Specification: freely available, mainly for implementers- Implementations: available from many vendors (& OSS)- Books: “how to” guides aimed at users, not implementers- Training: available from several established providers- Certification: “OMG Certified Expert in BPM”- Conferences- Discussion fora, etc, etc ....

• 70+ BPMN implementations that I know of- There may be more!- See: http://www.bpmn.org/

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BPMN books

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... and more books

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OCEB - OMG Certified Expert in BPM• Five vendor-neutral exams & Certifications

• Jointly developed with UMLTechnology Institute in Japan,available internationally

• Exams written by 25 BPM experts

• Testing provided by Pearson Vue

• OMG publishes directory ofcertified professionals

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Semantics of Business Vocabulary & Rules• MOF metamodel for vocabularies & rules describing business

- Formal, precise, unambiguous but easy-to-understand- Based on first-order predicate logic, with limited extensions

• Two precise, non-normative human-readable text syntaxes- “Structured English”- RuleSpeak - Business Rule Solutionsʼ established notation

• Good representation of policies & other requirements

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Structural & Operative Rules• Structural rules are definitions of the vocabulary of non-

primitive terms- “A Car Hire Customer has at least one of the following:

A Reservation An in-progress car hire A car hire completed within the last 5 years”

• Operative Rules are requirements governing the conduct of business activities- ... and therefore can be violated by the people involved- “A customer who appears drunk must not be given

possession of a hire car”

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Example Structured English operative rules

It is obligatory that each rental car is owned by exactly one branch.

It is obligatory that at the actual return date/time of eachin-country rental and each international inward rental the

local area of the return branch of the rental owns therented car of the rental.

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Modality Object Type

Object Type

Quantifier

Quantifier Fact Type


Other OMG BPM standards• Case Management Model & Notation (CMMN)

- BPMN 2 extensions to model case management- Maintains case file documents & rules to guide, constrain &

support human decision-maker for (e.g.) insurance claim

• Date-Time Vocabulary- SBVR & ODM vocabulary for very broad time terminology

• Decision Model and Notation (DMN)- Standardises models of how businesses make decisions,

usually as a part of a business process model- Includes standardised representation of decision tables

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Summary• OMG develops and maintains the visual modelling standards

on which the software industry depends- UML for modelling software artefacts- BPMN for modelling business processes- UML profiles for Systems Engineering, EA, SOA, more ...- IFML for modelling User Interfaces- SBVR for modelling Business Rules- ...

• All built on common MOF metaobject framework- Common exchange formats & meta-tools

• Strong commercial & OSS tool marketplace supported by OMG-regulated Engineer certification

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For more information

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OMG: http://www.omg.org

Certification: http://www.omg.org/oceb

Bug reports: http://www.omg.org/technology/agreement.htm

Email: [email protected]

Thank You!

Documents

OMG: The Home of Modelling Standards - MID GmbH · PDF file• Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN)-BPMN 1.x available since 2005-BPMN 2.0 published 2011, BPMN 2.0.1 = ISO/IEC