CCS BY MICROALGAE A PILOT PROJECT IN THE THERMAL POWER PLANT OF NALCO, INDIA
Prof. Ranjan R. Pradhan (PhD)Proprietor, Indocan Technology Solutions (Canada)
C. V. Raman College of Engineering
International Workshop on Public Education, Training, and Community Outreach for Carbon
Capture, Utilization, and StorageJuly 30 - 31, 2014 Decatur, Illinois, USA
Contents
1. Climate change and our project2. Concept of the project 3. Implementation of the project4. Characterization of the Product from the
project5. Conclusion
Carbon Sequestration Pilot Plant NALCO, - CPPAngul, Odisha, India
The scale of CO2 disposal need far exceeds today's CO2 uses.
Sustainable CO2 capture and storage is at a reasonable cost can be a good alternative to utilize the abundantly available coal resources in India.
To solve the negative consequences there are two broad ways of fixing the global warming made by mankind.
These are: • CDR (Carbon dioxide removal) and • SRM (Solar radiation management)
How to Address Global Climate Change?
CDR (Carbon dioxide removal)Sustainable Carbon Capture For Thermal Power Plants
Thermal power plants, though a developmental need for India is a major GHG polluter (Thermal power plants contribute 25 % of the global GHG emission)
Extent of Pollution & Opportunity
500 MW thermal power plant generates about 8000 tons of CO2 per day
(This is a huge resource if can be reused)
500 MW thermal power plant generates about 8000 tons of CO2 per day
Forest land needed to capture this emission
A hectare of pine forest can capture about 1 ton carbon dioxide / year, So we need about 29200 sq km land or roughly 20 % of total area of Odisha
The dilemma!
Either restrict the growth & promotion of many thermal power plants
Or facilitate adequate forest coverage to compensate for the emissions
Neither of the above can be acceptable, and we need to look for feasible alternates for low carbon economy & support mandates
of Kyoto protocol
What are we missing in our existing practices?
To sustain economic growth, potential alternates of low carbon economy must be adopted
Two major possible technologiesAlgae-based Capture Technology
Geological Sequestration Technology
Sustainable Social problems arises
Safe Untested on large scale
No need to transport CO2 Need to transport CO2 to sequestration site
Generates biomass No additional revenue
Coupled with wastewater treatment
Coupled with oil recovery
$ = carbon credit + nutrient credit + biomass
$ = carbon credit
Major issues to drive policy decisions for Algal technology
1. Climate change mandate2. Vast land use change in India. (Intergovernmental Panel on climate Change –IPCC reported land use
change is one of the major contributor to carbon emission, i.e. equivalent to 25% of all the fossil fuel and cement plants emission combined)
3. India is rightly place for the technology to evolve – a) Optimum Climate and more than 340 days of sunshineb) Large number of coal based power plants being builtc) Carbon dioxide is a very useful resource for algae industry
& should not be wastedd) Algal biomass will initiate a new resource for biorefinery
value chain
ConceptThe amount of CO2 sequestered in-Tons/ Acre/Year
Calculation for Per Acre:
Carbon Content Assumed in Biomass is ~ 50 % ( Reference : Knowledge Reference, National Forest Assessments, Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, http://www.fao.org/forestry/17111/en/
Carbon to Amount CO2
1 mole of carbon give 1 mol of CO2Molecular wt of C = 12 & CO2 is 44So Molar ratio = 44/12 = 3.6 ( 1 kg of carbon is equivalent to 3.6 kg of CO2)
Key Players End Use of Algae
Seambiotic Food additives, Fish feed and biofuels
MBD Algae oil
Linc Energy Biodiesel, Fertilizers and power.
Trident Exploration Electricity
RWE energy Biogas plant
Glenturret Whisky distillery Animal feed for cattle and Shellfish farms
NALCO, India Biorefinery Value Chain
Biomass is a Bonus (in addition to capture)!
Flugas Supply line from Duct of Unit – 7 and 8
Heat exchanger, scrubber & cooling tower erected
Ducts from Unit 7 & 8
Laboratory set-up of Algal cultivation bioreactor
system with online CO2 and
O2 monitoring & Control (SCADA)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 5 10 15 20
TURBIDITY
TIME
GROWTH CURVE OF MICROALGAE IN COMMERCIAL MEDIA(BATCH1,BATCH2,BATCH3)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
GROWTH CURVE OF MICROALGAE IN LOBORATORY (Strain 2)
TIME - Days
TURBIDITY NTU
Time - Days
Recovered Algal Biomass Potential
•Plants can tolerate less CO2 ( ~ 450 PPM)
•Plants growth has been increased by three times by enhancing CO2 conc. to about 450 ppm
•Algae can tolerate higher CO2 Conc (> 20 % CO2 OR 200,000 ppm)
•Algae growth rate can be enhanced upto 10 – 20 times with enhanced CO2 in lab scale
Characterization of the Product
Thermal characterization of algae biomass and
algae oil
Process / Technology Flow
NALCO – CPPFlue Gas@ 135 °C12 – 15 % CO2
Flue gas is processed to
make Suitable for Sequestration Application
Bacterial Mass
Cultivation System
Operation aided with
flue gas
Biomass Recovery System &
Quantification
Biomass Value Chain
and Utilization
Technologies
ApplicationsBiorefineryA biorefinery is a facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power, and chemicals from biomass. The biorefinery concept is analogous to today's petroleum refineries, which produce multiple fuels and products from petroleum..
Process Conclusion
Algae – A Promising & Future Biomass from Flue gas:Each gram of algae will capture 1.8 gm of CO2. Cogeneration system of 16M m3 biogas capacity = ~ 260 tons of algae. Biogas generation efficiency = 0.26 – 0.34 m3 /KG volatile solids (VS) added. Algae biomass @ 89 % VS content potentially can produce ~ 115,000 m3 biogas for generating at least 55,000 KW4 of carbon negative electrical energy each cycle. With an algal cultivation system the equivalent forest land requirement can be reduces by a factor of 10, as more than 10 times biomass can be generate, and depending on the end us, the carbon sequestration may be valued further.
Land availability near power plant
Retrofitting algae systems in existing power plants
Economic viability demonstration in India
Industrial perception
Encouraging Socio Economic and Awareness of CCS with microalgae
Challenges yet to be addressed
Overview of regional CCUS educational and outreach efforts The ministry of 'environment and forests'
(Govt. of India) is now ministry of 'environment, forests and climate change',
Inclusive National Education Policy Inclusive Regional education policy Local Environmental Associations and
NGO
Thank youwww.ranjanpradhan.com
www.indocantechnologysolutions .com
Questions
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