WWI & The Roaring 20s Review

1914-1920Chapters 10-11

The Beginning1914 – Archduke Ferdinand assassinated (WWI begins) and Panama Canal opens

Imperialism – Britain, France, Italy and Germany wanted to expand their territoriesNationalism – Europeans were very proud, loyal, and protective of their own countries and wanted to prove they were the best

The BeginningMilitarism – belief that a country needs a strong military, major powers built up their armies and naviesAlliances – relying on others to come to your aid in a time of need, most countries in Europe had alliances so any small incident could start a large-scale war Two groups of alliances formed:

Central Powers – Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria Allied Powers (Allies) – Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy, and others

Trench WarfareTrench warfare – tunnels dug to protect soldiers during battle, often rat infested Trench warfare helped to protect the soldiers by keeping them partially covered but also made the fighting last longer

New TechnologyTanksMachine gunsPoison gasesU-boats (submarines)

Lusitania1915 – Lusitania sunk by German U-boat Germany had warned Americans not to travel on the ocean – U-boat attacks

Declaring War1916 – Wilson reelected 1917 – Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany

President Woodrow Wilson announced neutrality Germany sent a coded telegram to MexicoRussians had withdrawn from the Allied Powers and the Germans (Central Powers) were winning In 1918, over one million U.S. troops went to help the French By November 1918, Germans stopped fighting, the Kaiser stepped down, and they signed an armistice (11a.m., 11/11)

Home FrontLife at home changed when men left jobs to fight in Europe Women began working in factories and railroad freight yards, they also grew “victory gardens” which allowed more food to be sent to the soldiers School children gathered materials that were used to make war goods and rolled bandages for injured soldiers

End of War1919 – Treaty of Versailles is signed The Treaty of Versailles formally ended the war and placed all of the blame on Germany, it also required them to pay reparations – money to repay the winners

Roaring 20s TimelineU.S. Dates -1924-Nellie Taylor Ross is first woman elected governor.1927-First movie with sound-The Jazz SingerWorld Dates-1922-Benito Mussolini is named Italy’s prime minister.1923- Adolf Hitler tries, but fails, to gain power in Germany.1929-National Revolutionary Party organized in Mexico.

Return to NormalcyWarren G. Harding-elected President-1920Harding promised Americans “prosperity at home and peace abroad” and “less government in business and more business in government”.

Teapot Dome ScandalSecretary of the Interior, Albert Fall, took bribes and made illegal deals with oil executives to drill on oil-rich government land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming.

Coolidge1923 - Harding dies and Calvin Coolidge takes over.Coolidge did not believe gov’t should get involved with social and economic problems and many things failed.

Technology and $$$Henry Ford invents the Model T“The Boom”

Once costly items were now available to most people.People began to use credit or paid for these items using installment buying-allowing them to buy items by making small monthly payments.

Other new items were: electric vacuum cleaners, washers, sewing machines, toasters, and fans.

Youth in the Roaring 20s

Many experimented with new fashions, attitudes, and ways of behavior.

Stayed in school longer.Men wore floppy pants and slicked their hair back.Women wore their hair shorter (a “bob”) and wore shorter dresses.“The Charleston” was a favorite dance.

ProhibitionOn Jan. 16, 1920, the 18th Amendment made the sale, making, and possession of alcohol illegal.

The amendment was called Prohibition.Speakeasies - illegal nightclubs that served alcohol came out after saloons were closed.One result of Prohibition was the rise of organized crime.