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Roaring ‘20s Chapter 31

Roaring ‘20s

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Roaring ‘20s. Chapter 31. Jazz Age. 1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age" in sum, a period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this time - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Roaring ‘20s

Roaring ‘20sChapter 31

Page 2: Roaring ‘20s

Jazz Age

1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age"

in sum, a period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this time

for first time the census reflected an urban society - people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of living

Page 3: Roaring ‘20s

A Society in Conflict

for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic

N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values

this fear was known as NATIVISM many wanted Congress to restrict immigration, leading to a

quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe National Origins Act

fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.)

Page 4: Roaring ‘20s

A Society in Conflict Wilson’s Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer,

wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage

he had J. Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals, many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)

Sacco-Vanzetti Trial Italian immigrants and radicals Unfair trial – convicted and executed

Page 5: Roaring ‘20s

KKK Anti-Black Anti-Catholic Anti-Immigrant Anti-Semitic Anti-bootleggers Anti-women’s suffrage Great rise and then fall in the 1920s

Page 6: Roaring ‘20s

Prohibition• ““Noble Experiment”Noble Experiment” bans manufacture and sale of alcoholbans manufacture and sale of alcohol adopted in 1919 - adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT18th AMENDMENT an outgrowth of the temperance movtan outgrowth of the temperance movt in WWI, temperance became a patriotic in WWI, temperance became a patriotic

mvmt. - drunkenness caused low mvmt. - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded needed to treat the wounded

Page 7: Roaring ‘20s

Prohibition difficult law to enforce... difficult law to enforce...

organized crime, speakeasies, organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the risebootleggers were on the rise

Al Capone virtually controlled Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago Chicago ““Eliminated” competitionEliminated” competition Bribed police officersBribed police officers

Prohibition finally ended in Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment21st Amendment

Page 8: Roaring ‘20s

Scopes Trial

Dewey – learn by doing Science vs. Religion Scopes – high school biology teacher who

was indicted for teaching evolution Defended by Clarance Darrow

Wm. Jennings Bryan prosecuted for fundamentalists

Outcome – Scopes loses, but it was a hollow victory for fundamentalists

Page 9: Roaring ‘20s

Heroes of the ’20s Babe Ruth – homerun king Jack Dempsey – boxing king

First million dollar gate

Charles Lindbergh – pilot who crossed the Atlantic Wholesome, handsome youth

Page 10: Roaring ‘20s

Consumerism Radio

Knitted the nation together Advertising!

By persuasion, seduction, sexual suggestion

Make Americans want more, more, more Installment Plan/Credit Hollywood Films

First Talkie – the Jazz Singer -- 1927

Page 11: Roaring ‘20s

Consumerism Assembly line methods and mass

production techniques Frederick Taylor – father of scientific mgmt.

Eliminate wasted motion Automobile and related industries

Ford mastered the standardized assembly line By 1929, 29 million cars were registered in US Glass, rubber, fabric, service stations, etc.

Page 12: Roaring ‘20s

women...

1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote

after 1920, social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home

and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions

1st birth control clinic – Margaret Sanger women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains -

amounted to a social revolt

Page 13: Roaring ‘20s

women... characterized by the FLAPPER/ "new

woman" (bobbed hair, short dresses, smoked in

public...) Independent Justified new sexuality with writings of

Freud – sexual repression leads to ills Danced to Jazz Music

Page 14: Roaring ‘20s

Great Migration Great Migration

1910-1920 Hundreds of thousands of African-Americans moved

from the South to the cities of the North In search of jobs However, northern cities, in general, did not welcome

the massive influx of African-Americans Tensions escalated Approx. 25 race riots in the summer of 1919

Page 15: Roaring ‘20s

Harlem Renaissance African American Writers

Literary movement led by well-educated, middle class African Americans

A new pride in the African American experience Celebrated heritage

Claude McKay Novelist, poet, and Jamaican immigrant Urged African Americans to resist prejudice and discrimination

Langston Hughes Harlem Renaissance’s best known poet Poems described the difficult lives of working class African

Americans Poems moved to the tempo of jazz and blues

Page 16: Roaring ‘20s

African Americans and Jazz Jazz was born in New Orleans

Blend of instrumental ragtime and vocal blues Joe Oliver and his Creole Jazz Band traveled North to

Chicago Carried Jazz with them

Louis Armstrong Joined Oliver’s group His talent rocketed him into stardom

Jazz spread quickly to other cities Popular music for dancing

Page 17: Roaring ‘20s

Marcus Garvey Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant)

established the Universal Negro Improvement Association

believed in Black pride advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa he purchased a ship to start (the Black Star line) attracted many investments: gov't charged him with

w/fraud he was found guilty and eventually deported to

Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist

Page 18: Roaring ‘20s

UNIA Parade, 1924

Page 19: Roaring ‘20s

1920s Literature F. Scott Fitzgerald

Great Gatsby, This Side of Paradise Commentary on false American ideals

Ernest Hemingway The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms Anti-war experience

Sinclair Lewis Babbitt – anti-conformity and materialism

Lost Generation – rebelling against American society of the 1920s