Sec1(changing ways of Life): HannyI/ Rural and Urban differences:**American life and society changed dramatically before 1920. Between 1922 and 1929, migration to the cities increased greatly, more than 2 million. New York was the top of big cities, population of 5.6 million. Next was Chicago (three mil), Philadelphia (nearly two mil). Life in the big cities was much different from the smaller cities, where were home to native whites, African Americans, immigrant Poles, Irish, Russians… Small-town migrants had to adapt to the urban environment, they changed their thinking and everyday living. City dwellers also tolerated drinking, gambling, and casual dating that was considered shocked and sinful in small towns. Americans found them caught b/t urban and rural cultures. Close ties, hard work and strict morals against anonymous crowds, moneymakers and pleasure seekers.

II/ The Prohibition ExperimentProhibition – which the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages were legally prohibited. Reformers thought that drinking led to crime, wife and child abuse, accidents for job… Rural South and West supported the Prohibition. G*Speakeasies were the phrase used for people who obtain liquor illegally; drinkers went underground to hidden saloons and nightclubs. Bootleggers used to call the smuggler’s practice of carrying liquor in the legs of boot. Prohibition contributed to organized crimes in major cities. According to information above, 19% population supported the Prohibition, the remaining wanted to replace with another Amendment because it was the sources of many initial problems.

Bootleggers in 1920

III/ Science and Religion Clash*Fundamentalism – the Protestants movement grounded in a literal, or non-symbolic, interpretation of the Bibles. The belief in God created everything in 6 days rejected the theory of revolution advanced by Darwin in 19th century. March 1925, the first law that made it a crime to teach evolution was passed in Tennessee. Clarence Darrow was the most famous trial lawyer of that time. The Scope’s trial was a fight over evolution and the role of sciences and religion in public school and American history.

Sec2(The Twenties Woman): Cindy The Twenties Woman

Young woman change the rulesIn the rebellious, many women began to start their independence The Flapper: an emancipated woman. The women changed in their fashion style, many women became more assertive: smoking cigarettes, drinking in public, talking openly about sex. Men and women began to view marriage as more of an equal partnership.The Double Standard: The men had double rights more than women, men could divorce but women couldn’t.Women shed Old Roles at Home and at WorkNew world opportunities for women: work in offices, factories, stores, and professions.New work opportunities:Female college graduates and became teachers, nurses, librarians. Women doing work once reserved for men: flying airplanes, driving taxis, drilling oil wells.The changing family:1920, Margaret Sanger had opened the first birth-control clinic in the United State.Social and technological innovations had the effect of freeing home-makers of women and they started to do more profession works. Marriages were based on romantic love: women experienced equality in marriage. Parents began to take more care of their children: rely on manuals of child care and the advice of experts. Teen separated from their family, weaken parental control.

The Pie chart of proportions for women’s employment

The flappers

John: section 3Education and Popular CultureThe mass media, movies, and spectator sports played important roles in

creating the popular culture that many artists and writers criticized.Schools and the Mass Media Shape Culture

School enrollments the amount of students who attended high school has been increased ( from 1 million to 4 million), so these make a higher education standards for the industry jobs.Taxes to finance schools grew up , from 1913 to 1920 the school cost has been doubled, after that the cost was doubled again in 1926. And finally the total cost of American education about to $2.7 billion in a year.

Newspaper and magazine circulation rose, because these newspaper and magazines summarized the news in whole week. On the other hands, the radio also is called the most powerful communications media, radio talked about the news as it happening at the same time of the event.America Chases New Heroes and Old Dreams

In 1929s, American spent $4.5 billion on entertainment. In the early decade, people at that time has enjoyed their “New leisure pastimes” ( can be called free time for entertainment) such as working on crossword puzzles and playing mahjong, a Chinese game as the same as dominoes. On the other hands, in the middles of 1920s, people turned to play flagpole sitting and dance marathons. They also can go to the stadium to see their sport stars, who were talked about through the mass media. For example, Helen Wills is a dominated women’s tennis, she play tennis very well, she has wined a lot of matches ( she wined the singles title at the U.S, opened seven times and the Wimbledon title eight times) and also the media talked about Babe Ruth who is a New York Yankees who has smashed the home run after home run during 1920s, when his legendary star hit a record 20 home runs in 1927s, American went wild.

Helen Wills Babe Ruth Lindbergh’s Flight- Charles A. Lindbergh- made the first solo flight across the Atlantic, on May 20, 1927, he took off New York City and flew up the coast of Newfoundland, then after that he headed over the Atlantic, although the weather when he flew is so bad, but he still try himself to fly, and after 33hours and 29 minutes, he has set down at the Lebourget airfield outside of Paris. When Lindberg came back to New York, there has many people admire him, and he became famous. His accomplishment has paved the way for other people, Amelia Earhart was to undertake many aerial exploits, inspired by Lindbergh’s example.

Charles A. Lindbergh

Entertainment and ArtsAlthough the feat of real life heroes, American also thirst on the

entertainment of art, on the screen and stage. Even before introducing of sound, movies became a national pastime. The first movie with sound has been released in 1927 is “the Jazz singer”. Then in 1928, Walt Disney’s steamboat Willie , the first animated film with sound. So both playwright and composers of music broke away from the European tradition. For example , George Gershwin is a composer who emerge traditional elements with American jazz.Painting appealed to Americans by recording an America of realities. A painter name Edward Hopper caught the loneliness of the American life in his canvases of empty streets while George O’Keefe who produced intensely colored canvases that captured the grandeur of New York.

From the collectionNATIONAL GALLERY OF ART USA- Jack-in-the-Pulpit No. IV, 1930

aGeorge O’Keefe ‘s ArtworkWriter of the 1920s In 1920s, this year also a develop time of literary, an outpouring of fresh and insightful writing. One of the most famous writer has affected to American’s literary is Sinclair Lewis a writer who was the first American to win the Nobel Prize in literature. He was among the eras most outspoken critics. And F. Scott Fitzgerald was a writer who coined the term “Jazz Age” to describe the 1920s. Edna St. Vincent Millay who wrote poems celebrating youth and a life of independence and freedom from traditional constraints.Ernest Hemingway wounded in World War I, became the best known expatriate author often criticized the glorification of war.

Lauren:(section 4- The Harlem Renaissance) African Americans started to move to Northern America for new opportunities in Jobs and became immigrants. The discrimination started at the very first period. They were treated cruelly and harshly. The two organizations were found to fight against discrimination. later on they had developed in many kind of social activity including economy and social life. I. AA Voices in 1920s:

a. NAACP:(AAs’ goals)An Organization that was lead by Jame.W.Johnson chased purposes which is

protecting AAs in US and supporting to oppose discrimination. Three Anti-lynching Bills were introduced in Congress but none of them were passed. In 1892, the number of Lynchings dropped thus it gained more militants voices. b. UNIA:

Lead by Marcus Garvey, an immigrant from Jamaica. He advised to build a separated society from whites and that gave many hopes to AAs. Later on, he suggested his followers to come back to Africa and throw off Whites from their ancestor’s land. Even though the idea failed after Marcus was put into jail, it left behind the awakens of black pride, reverence and economic independence. II. The Harlem Renaissance Flowers in New York:

Most of AAs after moved to the North stayed at Harlem(name of the river in area) which was called capital of black Americans. However, It had to face with overcrowding, unemployment and poverty problems in mean time. Later on, these problems were eclipsed by a Flowering of creativity called the Harlem Renaissance. a. AA writers:

They were mostly well-educated and middle class AAs. They wrote defiantly and poignantly about the trial of being black in a white world. In 1925, The New Negro was published by many young AA writers. It’s a collection of literary works.

Claude McKay was a novelist, poet, also a Jamaican immigrant. His poems expressed AAs’ life under the domination of Whites. Also his verses urged AAs to resist the discrimination and prejudice.

Langston Hughes was the movement’s best known poet. Some of his poems moved to the upper grade of Jazz and the blues.

b. AA performers:AA began to be accepted on the stages and in theatres. Whoever was

talented, was spotlighted by their own show they performed; also white audiences started appearing.

Paul Robeson, the son of one-time slave, was a famous actor first in London and then to New york city, was acclaimed.

Paul Robeson Louis Armstrong “the King of the Trumpet”

AAs and Jazz (20th century):Creole Jazz band and its leader Joe ”King” Oliver first brought Jazz to

North, Chicago. Jazz began to popularly influenced.Louis Armstrong, a young talent trumpet player, joined Creole band in 1922 and later stardom in Jazz world. After two years, he joined Fletcher Henderson’s band, most famous Jazz band in New york.

Section 1motherjones.com/photoessays/2008...-iowa/16activerain.com/blogsview/614789/...theatre-(The Auction Block Awaitsmotherjones.com/photoessays/2008...-iowa/16activerain.com/blogsview/614789/...theatre-(The Auction Block Awaits Histori...Theatre!)ehistory.osu.edu/osu/mmh/clash/S...age2.htmSpeakeasies from the 1920's (www.lastdaysrevelations.com/amer...days.htm)daymix.com/Bootlegging-1920%27S/Section 2http://my.ilstu.edu/~lmerri/uhigh/1920%27s/flappers.gifGerald A. Danzer, The Americans, 2009, the U.S.A,

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