WtW TV1 Berita Nasional Final

7/29/2019 WtW TV1 Berita Nasional Final

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'Watching the Watchdog'Malaysian Media Coverage of GE13

Final Individual Report: TV1 BERITA NASIONAL

15/08/13

Dr Tessa J. HoughtonSchool of Modern Languages and Cultures

Director of the Centre for the Study of Communications and CultureUniversity of Nottingham Malaysian Campus

in collaboration with

Comments and feedback welcomed at:

[email protected] 523 4575

or

Masjaliza HamzahExecutive Officer

Centre for Independent [email protected]

03-4023-0772/4024-9840

The work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspxhttp://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspx


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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary of Key Results for TV1 BERITA NASIONAL...................................................................... 3Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................................... 5

1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions......................................................................................... 5Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................... 5Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.

Independent/Other........................................................................................................................................61.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions...............................................................................7Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions............................................7Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage ....................................................................8Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage.........................................................................9Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................10

Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................112.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................11

Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures....................................................... 11Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................12

2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources.......................................................13Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources........................................13Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other..........................................................................................................14

2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures............................................................................15Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures......................................15Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................16Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures..........................................................17Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................18

2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Attack Politics or Negative

Campaigning......................................................................................................................................................19Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics' MostOften?............................................................................................................................................................ 19Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?..........................20

Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues.................................................................................................................213.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues..................................................21

Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues.................................................................21Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues.........................................................................................22Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues................................................................................23

Section 4: A Brief Methodology..........................................................................................................................24Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables..........................................................................................................................25

.................................................................................................................................................................................. 25Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme......................................................................................................... 32

2 TV1 BERITA NASIONAL


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Executive Summary of Key Results for TV1 BERITA NASIONAL

Introduction

Like all modern elections, it the Malaysian 13th General Election was fought primarily through themedia the so-called 'watchdogs' of democracy.

But how effective were Malaysian media outlets at providing fair and objective informationabout national politics? How well did they inform Malaysian citizens about their political environment,and thus enable them to make informed decisions about who to vote for?

The Watching the Watchdog project monitored coverage from 28 media newspapers, televisionnews broadcasts, online news sites as well as the national press agency, in four languages (English,Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, and Tamil); in Sabah and Sarawak as well as in Peninsular Malaysia,during the month spanning April 7th to May 7th 2013 (31 days in total). It is a collaboration betweenthe University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus and the Centre for Independent Journalism.

The key results summarised below pertain to the individual publication addressed in this report.

Key Results

In scrutinising the GE13 coverage provided by TV1 Berita Nasional, we found the following trends:

(1) Coverage of Parties & Coalitions

The mention-level coverage dedicated to each major coalition was very much skewedtowards coverage of BN (65.7%).

PR were covered negatively (51.55%) more then BN (21.12%), with BN receiving more

positive coverage (94.25%).

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used the most often (39%), followed by the positive category (36%).

(2) Coverage of Politicians and Political Figures

Who is talked about the most? And how are they talked about?

The volume of mention-level coverage given to politicians from both coalitions was skewed

heavily towards BN (75%). Najib Razak was the most mentioned individual. Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, the

positive category was used the most often (46%), followed by the neutral category (41%).

However, of the non-neutral material, more attacks were given to PR, while BN was given themost positive and negative coverage.

Who is used as a source the most? And who engages in attack politics the most?

Najib Razak and Election Commission Spokespeople were used as sources most often.

Independent and other political figures were used as sources most often (62%), andpoliticians from BN were used as sources more often (35%) than PR politicians (2%).



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Najib Razak and Muhyiddin Yassin were first and second most commonly engaged in attackpolitics.

Overall, Independent and Other politicians engaged in attack politics more often than BNpoliticians. Opposition politicians did not engage in attack politics at all.

(3) Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

Non-Policy Issues were given more coverage than Policy Issues.

The Non-Policy Issue of Electioneering was the most covered issue overall.



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Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions

Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

BN received very much the most coverage (58.46%), followed by Others, then PKR, PAS, thenUMNO.

Refer to Table 1 for figures.


BN

Other

PKR

PAS

UMNO

DAP

MCA

Gerakan

SUPP

MIC

SAPP

PBS

PR

PBB

PRS

PRM

PSM

SPDP

UPKO

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

58.46

12.55

9.32

8.27

4.47

4.18

1.14

0.67

0.38

0.19

0.19

0.10

0.10

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Volume


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Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Once parties/coalitions' coverage volumes are combined, the mention-level coveragededicated to each major coalition was very much skewed towards coverage of BN (65.7%).



BN

PR

Independent

Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

65.40

21.86

0.19

12.55

Volume


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1.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used the most often (39%), followed by the positive category (36%).


9%

16%

39%

36% Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive


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Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage

Other parties were the most negatively covered (27.33%) and second most attacked(37.5%), while BN was the most attacked (42.05%).

PAS and PKR were second and third most negatively covered (24.22% and 19.88%respectively), followed by BN (14.91%).



Other

PAS

PKR

BN

DAP

UMNOMCA

Gerakan

MIC

PBB

PBS

PR

PRS

PRM

PSM

SAPP

SPDP

SUPP

UPKO

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Attacked Negative

Coverage Volume


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Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage

BN received the most positive (89.37%) coverage by a very significant margin, as well as thebulk of the neutral coverage (53.68%).



BN

Other

PAS

PKR

UMNO

DAPMCA

SUPP

Gerakan

SAPP

MIC

PBS

PR

PBB

PRS

PRM

PSM

SPDP

UPKO

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Positive Neutral

Coverage Volume


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Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

When coalition and party coverage is combined into the two opposing coalitions, we see thatoverall, PR were covered negatively (51.55%) more then BN (21.12%), with BN receivingmore positive coverage (94.25%).

BN and Independents and Others were attacked at similar rates.

Refer to Table 4 for figures and below for ratios.

Coverage

TypeBN : PR

Tonal

WeightingPositive 1 : 0.04 36%

Neutral 1 : 0.36 39%

Negative 1 : 2.4 16%

Attacked 1 : 0.49 9%


Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

BN

PR

Independent & Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

42.05

21.12

64.47

94.25

20.46

51.55

23.16

4.02

37.50

27.33

12.37

1.72

Coverage Volume


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Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

2.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Only the top 20 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph.

Out of these 20, Najib Razak received the most mentions by a very significant margin(50.58%), followed by Muhyiddin Yassin then Anwar Ibrahim.

Refer to Table 5 for full figures.


Najib Razak

Muhyiddin YassinAnwar Ibrahim

Mahathir Mohamad

Khalid Ibrahim

Lim Kit Siang

Hadi Awang

Lim Guan Eng

Rosmah Mansur

Hassan Ali

Liow Tiong Lai

Nik Aziz

Nurul Izzah

Chua Soi LekAmbiga Sreenevasan

Hishamuddin Hussein

Khalid Samad

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu

G. Palanivel

Ibrahim Ali

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

50.58

15.376.23

4.47

2.72

2.14

1.75

1.75

1.56

1.36

1.36

1.36

1.36

1.170.97

0.97

0.78

0.78

0.39

0.39

Coverage Volume


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Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and mergedinto their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitionsis skewed heavily towards BN (75%).



75%

20%

4%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Of the politicians and political figures tracked, Najib Razak was used as a source most often(26.3%), followed by Election Commission Spokespeople (9.33%) then Muhyiddin Yassin(7.34%).



Najib Razak

Election Commission Spokesperson

Muhyiddin Yassin

Mahathir Mohamad

Anwar Ibrahim

Lim Guan Eng

Hassan Ali

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Chua Soi Lek

Jeffrey Kitingan

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

26.30

9.33

7.34

1.53

1.22

0.61

0.46

0.15

0.15

0.15

Coverage Volume


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Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Governmentvs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Independent and other political figures were used as sources most often (62%).

Politicians from BN were used as sources more often (35%) than PR politicians (2%).



35%

2%

62%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, thepositive category was used the most often (46%), followed by the neutral category (41%).


46%

41%

10%4%

Positive

Neutral

Negative

Attacked


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Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Muhyiddin Yassin receivedthe most negative coverage (28.89%), followed by Anwar Ibrahim and Najib Razak (both17.78%).

Anwar Ibrahim was attacked the most often (27.78%), followed by Najib Razak (16.67%)then Muhyiddin Yassin (11.11%).

Refer to Table 8 for full figures.


Muhyiddin Yassin

Anwar Ibrahim

Najib Razak

Hadi Awang

Lim Guan Eng

Mahathir Mohamad

Bernard Dompok

Hassan Ali

Ibrahim Ali

Khalid Ibrahim

Lim Kit Siang

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu

Nik Aziz

Nurul Izzah

Hishamuddin Hussein

Karpal Singh

Abdul Rahman Dahlan

Alfred Jabu

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Azmin AliBaru Bian

Chong Chieng Jen

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Attacked Negative

Coverage Volume


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Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received themost positive (68.06%) and neutral coverage (48.44%%).

Muhyiddin Yassin received the second most positive coverage (15.28%), followed byMahathir Mohamad (3.7%).



Najib RazakMuhyiddin Yassin

Mahathir Mohamad

Anwar Ibrahim

Chua Soi Lek

Lim Guan Eng

Rosmah Mansur

Nik Aziz

Liow Tiong Lai

Lim Kit Siang

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Hadi Awang

Hassan Ali

Khalid Samad

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu

Tian Chua

William Mawan

Azmin Ali

Khalid Ibrahim

Musa AmanNizar Jamaluddin

Nurul Izzah

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Positive Neutral

Coverage Volume


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Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Overall, more attacks were given to PR, while BN was given the most positive and negativecoverage.

Refer to Table 9 for figures and below for ratios.

CoverageType

BN : PRTonal

Weighting

Positive 1 : 0.05 42%

Neutral 1 : 0.27 37%

Negative 1 : 0.79 9%

Attacked 1 : 2 4%


Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

BN

PR

Independent/ Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

33.33

53.33

74.48

91.20

66.67

42.22

20.31

4.17

0.00

4.44

5.21

4.63

Coverage Volume


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2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: AttackPolitics or Negative Campaigning

Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics'

Most Often?

This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.

Najib Razak (20.46%) and Muyhiddin Yassin (18.18%) were first and second most commonlyengaged in attack politics, followed by Ambiga Sreenevasan (2.27%).



Najib Razak

Muhyiddin Yassin

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Anwar Ibrahim

Baru Bian

Chua Soi Lek

Hadi Awang

Hassan Ali

Jeffrey Kitingan

Khalid Ibrahim

Lim Guan Eng

Lim Kit Siang

Mahathir Mohamad

Musa Aman

Nazri Aziz

0 5 10 15 20 25

20.46

18.18

2.27

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Attack Volume


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Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?

This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.

Overall, Independent and Other politicians engaged in attack politics more often than BNpoliticians. Opposition politicians did not engage in attack politics at all.



39%

61%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues

3.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

More coverage overall is given to Non-Policy Issues than Policy Issues.



44%

56%

Policy Issues

Non-Policy Issues


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Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues

Of all Policy Issues covered, Vision Policies and Programmes were given the most coverage,followed by the Economy & Development.



49%

4%

30%

3%2%

6%

2%1%3%

Policy Issues

VisionPolicies/ProgrammesEnvironmentEconomy/DevelopmentEducationForeign PolicyDomestic Policy, Crime &National SecurityOppressive LegislationHealthReligion


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Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues

Of all Non-Policy Issues covered, Electioneering was given the most coverage, followed bySocioeconomic Status, then Democracy & Human Rights



9%

2%

15%

23%

2%1%

49%

Non-Policy Issues

Ethnicity

Religion

Democracy & Human Rights

Socioeconomic Status

Mudslinging

Gender

Electioneering


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Section 4: A Brief Methodology

Dates analysed: 7/4/13 07/05/13 (nd = 31 days)

Number of data points/references identified and analysed: ndp = 5751

Number of articles identified and analysed: na = 411

Average number of articles/day: na/d = 13.3

Data Collection

The data was collected or 'coded' using sentence-level content analysis. A team of around 70'coders' from all over Malaysia, from both private and public universities, and from civil society,coded their assigned media on a daily basis.

Stories 'coded' were selected according to the following criteria:

They were within the Malaysian news section/s of the newspapers including the front page, orwere the paper's editorial (if they run one).

They were from pre-defined 'Malaysian News' areas of the news websites monitored, with'snapshots' taken at 8pm daily.

They were from within the TV news broadcasts.

They were more than 1/3 about the election, and were news stories as opposed to columns,opinions pieces, letters, etc (with the exception of the paper's own editorial, if present).

Within each story, category/operator references were identified and coded at the sentence level

(from period to period). The 21 categories identified and their sub-categories or 'operators' areoutlined in Appendix 2. These 21 categories form the 'unit of analysis' for this study.

Tone (positive, negative, neutral, attacking, or attacked) was determined based on matching eachreference to a media frame or frames, supportable via emotive/descriptive/subjectivelanguage/vocabulary utilised by the either the news personnel or the source beingquoted/paraphrased. As such, tone is not based upon coder opinion but on linguistic data. Coderswere instructed to 'code as neutral' whenever there was a lack of linguistic data to support apositive/negative/attacking/attacked frame, or whenever they were unsure/conflicted.

Data Analysis

The data was analysed using the open source software package GNU Octave (a multi-disciplinarymathematical data analysis programme capable of SPSS/NVIVO-level statistical analysis, as well asmuch higher-level mathematical analysis). Scripts were composed to count occurrences of key data-codes, as specified by the project's finite code-listing set (see Appendix 2), for every row of codeddata (i.e. every reference). Where appropriate, code-count occurrences have been normalised toprovide the percentage of these key-code occurrences.

http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/


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Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables


TABLE 1

Party Percentage

BN 58.46

DAP 4.1825

Gerakan 0.6654

MCA 1.1407

MIC 0.19011

PAS 8.27

PBB 0

PBS 0.095057

PKR 9.3156

PR 0.095057

PRS 0

PRM 0PSM 0

SAPP 0.19011

SPDP 0

SUPP 0.38023

UMNO 4.4677

UPKO 0

Other 12.548

TABLE 2

Party Percentage Coalition Percentage

BN 58.46

BN 65.399197

Gerakan 0.6654

MCA 1.1407

MIC 0.19011

PBB 0

PBS 0.095057

PRS 0

SPDP 0

SUPP 0.38023

UMNO 4.4677

UPKO 0

PR 0.095057

PR 21.863157DAP 4.1825

PAS 8.27

PKR 9.3156

PRM 0

Independent 0.19011PSM 0

SAPP 0.19011

Other 12.548 Other 12.548

TABLE 3

Attacked Negative Neutral Positive TOTAL

BN 42.045 14.907 53.684 89.368 200.004

DAP 4.5455 7.4534 5 1.4368 18.4357

Gerakan 0 0 0.52632 0.57471 1.10103

MCA 0 2.4845 1.3158 0.86207 4.66237

MIC 0 0 0.26316 0.28736 0.55052

PAS 4.5455 24.224 9.2105 0.57471 38.55471

PBB 0 0 0 0 0

PBS 0 0 0.26316 0 0.26316

PKR 11.364 19.876 8.9474 1.7241 41.9115

PR 0 0 0 0.28736 0.28736

PRS 0 0 0 0 0

PRM 0 0 0 0 0

PSM 0 0 0 0 0

SAPP 0 0 0.52632 0 0.52632

SPDP 0 0 0 0 0

SUPP 0 0 1.0526 0 1.0526

UMNO 0 3.7267 7.3684 3.1609 14.256

UPKO 0 0 0 0 0

Other 37.5 27.329 11.842 1.7241 78.3951

Parties &Coalitions


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TABLE 4

BN

A ttacked 42.045

Negative 21.1182

Neutral 64.47344

Posit ive 94.25304

PR

A ttacked 20.455

Negative 51.5534

Neutral 23.1579

Positive 4.02297

Attacked 37.5

Negative 27.329

Neutral 12.36832

Positive 1.7241

Independent &

Other

TABLE 5

Politician/Political Figure

Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0

Alfred Jabu 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 0.97276Anwar Ibrahim 6.2257

Azmin Ali 0.19455

Baru Bian 0

Bernard Dompok 0.19455

Chong Chieng Jen 0.19455

Chua Soi Lek 1.1673

Dzulkefly Ahmad 0

Elizabeth Wong 0

G. Palanivel 0.38911

Hadi Awang 1.751

Hassan Ali 1.3619

Hishamuddin Hussein 0.97276

Ibrahim Ali 0.38911

James Masing 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0

Karpal Singh 0.38911

Khalid Ibrahim 2.7237

Khalid Samad 0.77821

Lim Guan Eng 1.751

Lim Kit Siang 2.1401

Liow Tiong Lai 1.3619

Mahathir Mohamad 4.4747

Maximus Ongkili 0

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0.77821

Muhyiddin Yassin 15.37

Musa Aman 0.19455

Najib Razak 50.584

Ng Yen Yen 0.19455

Nik Aziz 1.3619

Nizar Jamaluddin 0.19455

Nurul Izzah 1.3619Rafizi Ramli 0.19455

Rosmah Mansur 1.5564

Siti Mariah Mahmud 0

Taib Mahmud 0

Teresa Kok 0

Tian Chua 0.38911

Tony Pua 0

William Mawan 0.38911

Wong Ho Leng 0

Wong Soon Koh 0

Yong Teck Lee 0

Percentage(mention)


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TABLE 6

Politician/Political Figure Party etc. Percentage Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek

MCA 2.72375

BN 75.29253

Liow Tiong Lai

Ng Yen Yen

G. Palanivel MIC 0.38911Alfred Jabu

PBB 0Taib Mahmud

Maximus Ongkili PBS 0

James Masing PRS 0

William Mawan SPDP 0.38911

Wong Soon Koh SUPP 0

Abdul Rahman Dahlan

UMNO 71.59601

Hishamuddin Hussein

Mahathir Mohamad

Muhyiddin Yassin

Musa Aman

Najib Razak

Bernard Dompok UPKO 0.19455

Chong Chieng Jen

DAP 4.47476

PR 20.42814

Karpal Singh

Lim Guan Eng

Lim Kit Siang

Teresa Kok

Tony Pua

Wong Ho Leng

Dzulkefly Ahmad

PAS 4.86387

Hadi Awang

Khalid Samad

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu

Nik Aziz

Nizar Jamaluddin

Siti Mariah Mahmud

Anwar Ibrahim

PKR 11.08951

Azmin Ali

Baru Bian

Elizabeth WongJeffrey Kitingan

Khalid Ibrahim

Nurul Izzah

Rafizi Ramli

Tian Chua

Ambiga Sreenevasan Bersih 0.97276

4.28017

Hassan Ali Independent 1.3619

Ibrahim Ali Perkasa 0.38911

Rosmah Mansur 1.5564

Yong Teck Lee SAPP 0

Independent/Other

'1st lady'


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TABLE 7

Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek 0.15291

BN 35.47432

Mahathir Mohamad 1.5291


Musa Aman 0

Najib Razak 26.3

Nazri Aziz 0.15291

Taib Mahmud 0

Anwar Ibrahim 1.2232

PR 2.14064

Baru Bian 0

Hadi Awang 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0.15291

Khalid Ibrahim 0

Lim Guan Eng 0.61162

Lim Kit Siang 0.15291

Nik Aziz 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 0.15291

Independent 62.38523

Hassan Ali 0.45872

Vox Pop Male 22.477

Vox Pop Female 27.37

2.5994

9.3272

Percentage(source)

Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral

Election CommissionSpokesperson


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TABLE 8

Politician/Political Figure Attacked Negative Neutral Positive

Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0 0 0 0

Alfred Jabu 0 0 0 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 0 0 1.5625 0.92593

Anwar Ibrahim 27.778 17.778 6.25 0.92593

Azmin Ali 0 0 0.52083 0

Baru Bian 0 0 0 0

Bernard Dompok 0 2.2222 0 0

Chong Chieng Jen 0 0 0 0

Chua Soi Lek 0 0 3.125 0

Dzulkefly Ahmad 0 0 0 0

Elizabeth Wong 0 0 0 0

G. Palanivel 0 0 0 0.92593

Hadi Awang 0 13.333 1.5625 0

Hassan Ali 0 2.2222 1.0417 1.8519

Hishamuddin Hussein 5.5556 0 0 0.92593Ibrahim Ali 0 2.2222 0 0.46296

James Masing 0 0 0 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0 0 0 0

Karpal Singh 5.5556 0 0 0.46296

Khalid Ibrahim 0 2.2222 0.52083 0

Khalid Samad 0 0 1.0417 0.92593

Lim Guan Eng 0 4.4444 3.125 0

Lim Kit Siang 0 2.2222 1.5625 1.3889

Liow Tiong Lai 0 0 1.5625 1.8519

Mahathir Mohamad 0 4.4444 6.7708 3.7037Maximus Ongkili 0 0 0 0

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0 2.2222 1.0417 0.46296

Muhyiddin Yassin 11.111 28.889 13.021 15.278

Musa Aman 0 0 0.52083 0

Najib Razak 16.667 17.778 48.438 68.056

Ng Yen Yen 0 0 0 0.46296

Nik Aziz 16.667 0 2.0833 0

Nizar Jamaluddin 0 0 0.52083 0

Nurul Izzah 16.667 0 0.52083 0

Rafizi Ramli 0 0 0.52083 0

Rosmah Mansur 0 0 2.6042 1.3889

Siti Mariah Mahmud 0 0 0 0

Taib Mahmud 0 0 0 0

Teresa Kok 0 0 0 0

Tian Chua 0 0 1.0417 0

Tony Pua 0 0 0 0

William Mawan 0 0 1.0417 0

Wong Ho Leng 0 0 0 0

Wong Soon Koh 0 0 0 0

Yong Teck Lee 0 0 0 0


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TABLE 9

BN

Attacked 33.3336

Negative 53.3336

Neutral 74.47983

Positive 91.20442

PR

Attacked 66.6676

Negative 42.222

Neutral 20.31255

Positive 4.16668

Attacked 0

Negative 4.4444

Neutral 5.2084

Positive 4.62969

Independent/Other

TABLE 10

Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek 0

BN 38.637

Mahathir Mohamad 0


Musa Aman 0

Najib Razak 20.455

Nazri Aziz0Taib Mahmud 0

Anwar Ibrahim 0

PR 0

Baru Bian 0

Hadi Awang 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0

Khalid Ibrahim 0

Lim Guan Eng 0

Lim Kit Siang 0

Nik Aziz 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 2.2727

Independent 61.3637

Hassan Ali 0

Vox Pop Male 20.455

Vox Pop Female 38.636

0

0

Percentage(source +attacking)

Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral

Election CommissionSpokesperson


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TABLE 11

Issues Coverage PI/NPI Coverage

Vision Policies/Programmes 14.841

Policy Issues 30.50269

Environment 1.1773Economy/Development 9.1687

Education 1.0346

Foreign Policy 0.46379

Domestic Policy, Crime & National Security 1.8908

Oppressive Legislation 0.57082

Health 0.32108

Religion 1.0346

Ethnicity 3.4249

39.20769

Religion 0.7492

Democracy & Human Rights 5.8509

Socioeconomic Status 8.8477

Mudslinging 0.85623

Gender 0.35676

Electioneering 19.122

Non-PolicyIssues


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Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme

1. Politician or Political Figure (Mentioned)

1. Abdul Rahman Dalan

2. Alfred Jabu3. Ambiga Sreenevasan4. Anwar Ibrahim5. Azmin Ali6. Baru Bian7. Bernard Dompok8. Chong Chieng Jen9. Chua Soi Lek10. Dzulkefly Ahmad11. Elizabeth Wong12. G. Palanivel13. Hadi Awang14. Hassan Ali15. Hishamuddin Hussein

16. James Masing17. Jeffrey Kitingan18. Karpal Singh19. Khalid Ibrahim20. Khalid Samad21. Lim Guan Eng22. Lim Kit Siang23. Liow Tiong Lai24. Mahathir Mohamad25. Maximus Ongkili26. Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu27. Muhyiddin Yassin28. Musa Aman

29. Najib Razak30. Ng Yen Yen31. Nik Aziz32. Nizar Jamaluddin33. Nurul Izzah34. Rafizi Ramli35. Rosmah Mansur36. Siti Mariah Mahmud37. Taib Mahmud38. Teresa Kok39. Tian Chua40. Tony Pua41. William Mawan42. Wong Ho Leng

43. Wong Soon Koh44. Yong Teck Lee

2. Politicians or Political Figure (Used as a Source)

1. Ambiga Sreenevasan (Bersih)2. Anwar Ibrahim (PKR)3. Baru Bian4. Chua Soi Lek5. Hadi Awang6. Hassan Ali7. Jeffrey Kitingan8. Khalid Ibrahim9. Lim Guan Eng

10. Lim Kit Siang11. Mahathir Mohamad

12. Muhyiddin Yassin13. Musa Aman14. Najib Razak

15. Nazri Aziz16. Nik Aziz17. Taib Mahmud18. Vox Pop Male19. Vox Pop Female20. Public Opinion/Vox Pop General21. Election Commission Spokesperson

3. Party or Coalition

1. BN (Barisan Nasional)2. DAP (Democratic Action Party)3. Gerakan (Malaysian People's Movement

Party)

4. MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association)5. MIC (Malaysian Indian Congress)6. PAS (Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party)7. PBB (Parti Besaka Bumputera Bersatu)8. PBS (Parti Bersatu Sabah)9. PKR (People's Justice Party)10. PR (Pakatan Rakyat)11. PRS (Sarawak People's Party)12. PRM (Parti Rakyat Malaysia)13. PSM (Parti Sosialis Malaysia)14. SAPP (Sabah Progressive Party)15. SPDP (Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party)16. SUPP (Sarawak United People's Party)

17. UMNO (United Malays National Organisation)18. UPKO (United Pasokmomogun KadazandusunMurut Organisation)

4. Organisations

1. Bersih2. Community-based organisations.3. Democracy- or human rights-oriented

organisations (excluding Bersih)4. Environmentally-oriented organisations5. Ethnicity-oriented organisations6. JATI7. Perkasa8. Professionals organisations9. Religious organisations.10. Trade Unions11. Womens' rights or issues focused organisations.12. Youth or student focused organisations13. Election Commission

5. Policy Issues

1. Vision Policies or Programmes1. 1Malaysia2. GTP (Government Transformation

Programme)3. ETP (Economic Transformation Programme)

4. NKRA (National Key Results Areas)5. NEP/'Bumiputeraism'



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6. PAS's Welfare State7. PKR's Buku Jingga8. NEM (New Economic Model)9. 'Transformasi'10. BN Manifesto11. PR Manifesto12. Other

2. Environment1. Deforestation/Land Rights2. Recycling3. Lynas4. Polluting Industries (non-Lynas)5. Damming Projects6. Other

3. Economy/Development1. Recession2. Welfare3. Unemployment4. Poverty5. Privatisation6. Growth/FDI7. FTA/Globalisation8. Inflation/Price Rises9. Infrastructure10. Housing11. Other

4. Education1. Vernacular Schools2. Access3. PPSMI4. Academic Freedom5. System

6. PTPTN7. Other

5. Foreign Policy1. Western World2. Singapore (Mentions of)3. Singapore (Comparison with)4. China5. India6. Islamic World7. Israel/Palestine8. Indonesia9. Other

6. Domestic Policy, Crime, & National Security1. Immigration2. Illegals/Refugees3. Terrorism (not Lahad Datu)4. Crime5. Lahad Datu Incident6. Other

7. Oppressive Legislation1. ISA (Internal Security Act)2. AUKU/UUCA (Universities and University

Colleges Act 1971)3. Sedition Act

4. PPPA (Printing Presses and Publication Act)5. PAA (Peaceful Assembly Act 2012)

6. SOSMA (Security Offences (SpecialMeasures) Act 2012)

7. Other

8. Health1. 1Care2. Other

9. Religion1. Apostasy2. Islamic State3. Hudud4. Conversion (into Islam)5. 'Allah' issue6. Other

6. Non-Policy Issues

1. Ethnicity1. Malaysia2. Chinese3. Indian/South Asian4. Orang Asli5. Orang Asal, Sabah & Sarawak6. Thai7. Portuguese/Eurasian8. Malay Rights9. Other

2. Religion1. Islam2. Buddhism/Taoism3. Hinduism4. Christianity5. Sikhism

6. Religious Freedom (non-apostasy related)7. Interfaith Dialogue/Unity8. Interfaith Friction9. Other

3. Democracy & Human Rights1. General Corruption2. Electoral Corruption3. Media Freedom4. Electoral Reform5. Electoral Legislation6. 2-Party System7. Protest/Rallies8. Other

4. Socioeconomic Sectors1. Middle Class/Professionals2. Working Class3. Aristocracy/Monarchy4. Civil Service5. Military and Police6. FELDA7. Plantation/Estate Workers8. Chine New Villagers9. Senior Citizens/Retirees10. RELA/Wataniah11. Urban

12. Rural13. Cost of Living



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14. Other

5. Territory1. Kuala Lumpur2. Labuan3. Putrajaya4. Johor5. Kedah

6. Kelantan7. Malacca8. Negeri Sembilan9. Pahang10. Perak11. Perlis12. Penang13. Sabah14. Sarawak15. Selangor16. Terengganu17. Sarawak Independence18. Sabah Independence

6. Mudslinging1. Anwar/Sodomy2. Altantuya3. Rosmah4. Penang CM5. Selangor CM6. NFC7. Arms Deals8. Psy/CNY Concert9. Project IC10. Taib Mahmud and Logging Expose11. Other

7. Gender

1. Sexuality2. Women in politics3. Personal/Private life4. Womens' Issues5. LGBT/Q6. Appearance

7. Sexism8. Other

8. Electioneering1. Event-specific Gifts2. Handouts3. Timely Developments4. Election Promises5. Baby-kissing6. Cybertroopers/Social Media War7. Other

Documents

WtW TV1 Berita Nasional Final